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The legality of business permits is important in developing Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). NIB or Business Identification Number is an identity number used by business actors to obtain business permits and commercial or operational permits. Online Single Submission (OSS) is an Electronically Integrated Business Permit application issued by the OSS institution on behalf of the Minister, Agency Head, Governor, or Regent/Mayor to business actors via electronic means integrated by the system. IMAPRES, or the Association of Achievement Students in Wonogiri Regency, is a student organization that receives scholarships in Wonogiri Regency. The goal to be achieved in the Business Identification Number or NIB acceleration program is that the Wonogiri Regency is required to complete the NIB or Business Identification Number from 294 villages. The method used uses stages such as observation or survey, counseling regarding Business Identification Numbers or NIBs, and implementation of assistance and creation of NIBs or Business Identification Numbers. The Department of Investment and One Stop Integrated Services (DPMPTSP) is collaborating with IMAPRES or the Association of Achievement Students in Wonogiri Regency to complete the NIB (Business Identification Number).

A novel approach for investigating the formation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in Na‐ion batteries (NIB) through the coupling of in situ liquid electrochemical transmission electron microscopy (ec‐TEM) and gas‐chromatography mass‐spectrometry (GC/MS) is proposed. To optimize this coupling, experiments are conducted on the sodiation of hard carbon materials (HC) using two setups: in situ ec‐TEM holder and ex situ setup. Electrolyte (NP30) is intentionally degraded using cyclic voltammetry (CV), and the recovered liquid product is analyzed using GC/MS. Solid product (µ‐chip) is analyzed using TEM techniques in a post‐mortem analysis. The ex situ experiments served as a reference to for insertion of Na+ ions in the HC, SEI size (389 nm), SEI composition (P, Na, F, and O), and Na plating. The in situ TEM analysis reveals a cyclability limitation, this issue appears to be caused by the plating of Na in the form of a “foam” structure, resulting from the gas release during the reaction of Na with DMC/EC electrolyte. The foam structure, subsequently transformes into a second SEI, is electrochemically inactive and reduces the cyclability of the battery. Overall, the results demonstrate the powerful synergy achieved by coupling in situ ec‐TEM and GC/MS techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Almujtamae: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat is the property of Universitas Djuanda and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Almujtamae: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat is the property of Universitas Djuanda and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Almujtamae: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat is the property of Universitas Djuanda and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Viruses rely completely on host translational machinery to produce the proteins encoded by their genes. Controlling translation initiation is important for gaining translational advantage in conflicts between the host and virus. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) has been reported to be hijacked by potyviruses for virus multiplication. The role of translation regulation in defence and anti‐defence between plants and viruses is not well understood. We report that the transcript level of eIF6 was markedly increased in turnip mosaic virus (TuMV)‐infected Nicotiana benthamiana. TuMV infection was impaired by overexpression of N. benthamiana eIF6 (NbeIF6) either transiently expressed in leaves or stably expressed in transgenic plants. Polysome profile assays showed that overexpression of NbeIF6 caused the accumulation of 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits, the reduction of polysomes, and also compromised TuMV UTR‐mediated translation, indicating a defence role for upregulated NbeIF6 during TuMV infection. However, the polysome profile in TuMV‐infected leaves was not identical to that in leaves overexpressing NbeIF6. Further analysis showed that TuMV NIb protein, the RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase, interacted with NbeIF6 and interfered with its effect on the ribosomal subunits, suggesting that NIb might have a counterdefence role. The results propose a possible regulatory mechanism at the translation level during plant–virus interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The creative economy has emerged as a catalyst for economic advancement in Bantul Regency, and through the proliferation of craft centers, culinary and industrial enterprises, and the tourism sector, all poised to offer investment prospects. Nonetheless, the advancement of this sector is hindered by the limited capacity of business stakeholders to extend their market outreach. Focusing on the culinary domain, the outreach team assists Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) by imparting knowledge and guidance concerning the significance of adhering to business regulations and licensing. They are adopting digital marketing approaches to amplify their market presence. After training, practical sessions, and mentoring, entrepreneurs now hold a NIB and P-IRT, empowering them to promote their products under their brand identity. These business operators have enthusiastically embraced digital marketing methodologies to market their wares. They are devising plans for expansion, including creating a dedicated exhibition space to showcase their merchandise

Pasar Tanjung Jember dari tahun ke tahun mengalami pertumbuhan. Artinya, UMKM membutuhkan izin usaha dari pemerintah agar dilindungi secara hukum. Kegiatan penganbdian masyarakat ini dilakukan karena tidak adanya tenaga pelaku UMKM Pasar Tanjung dalam pembuatan Nomor Induk Usaha yang Dapat Dikenali dan tidak adanya pemahaman tentang cara pembuatan Nomor Induk Usaha (NIB) melalui melalui Online Single Submission (OSS). Tujuannya untuk memudahkan proses Online Single Submission (OSS) bagi usaha kecil dan menengah (UKM) di Pasar Tanjung. Mentoring dan observasi adalah dua metode yang digunakan. Menyampaikan teori, membuat izin perusahaan, dan mengirimkan surat legalitas usaha adalah bagian dari mewujudkan gerakan ini. Pelaku usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM) di pasar Tanjung menunjukkan peningkatan akses OSS terhadap data tentang legalitas dan pendaftaran usahanya. Usaha kecil dan menengah (UKM) mendapat manfaat dari dorongan pemerintah, ketersediaan keuangan, keamanan perusahaan, dan bantuan pertumbuhan. Kata Kunci: UMKM; NIB; Pendampingan; Online Single Submission (OSS) The Tanjung Jember market has experienced growth from year to year. This means that MSMEs need a business license from the government to be legally protected. This community service activity was carried out because there were no staff from Tanjung Pasar UMKM actors in making Recognizable Business Numbers and there was no understanding of how to make Business Numbers (NIB) through Online Single Submission (OSS). The aim is to assist Tanjung Market MSMEs in creating accounts and managing legality through the Online Single Submission (OSS) procedure. Observation and advocacy are two approaches taken. Delivering theories, creating business licenses, and submitting business legality letters are all part of putting this movement into action. This action has led to an increase in the amount of data concerning the legitimacy and registration of businesses in Tanjung's MSME market's OSS account. As a result, MSMEs receive government endorsement, financial resources, legal security, and help in growing their businesses. Keywords : UMKM; NIB; Assistance; Online Single Submission (OSS)

Boron presents an important role in chemistry, biology, and materials science. Diatomic transition-metal borides (MBs) are the building blocks of many complexes and materials, and they present unique electronic structures with interesting and peculiar properties and a variety of bonding schemes which are analyzed here. In the first part of this paper, we present a review on the available experimental and theoretical studies on the first-row-transition-metal borides, i.e., ScB, TiB, VB, CrB, MnB, FeB, CoB, NiB, CuB, and ZnB; the second-row-transition-metal borides, i.e., YB, ZrB, NbB, MoB, TcB, RuB, RhB, PdB, AgB, and CdB; and the third-row-transition-metal borides, i.e., LaB, HfB, TaB, WB, ReB, OsB, IrB, PtB, AuB, and HgB. Consequently, in the second part, the second- and third-row MBs are studied via DFT calculations using the B3LYP, TPSSh, and MN15 functionals and, in some cases, via multi-reference methods, MRCISD+Q, in conjunction with the aug-cc-pVQZ-PPM/aug-cc-pVQZB basis sets. Specifically, bond distances, dissociation energies, frequencies, dipole moments, and natural NPA charges are reported. Comparisons between MB molecules along the three rows are presented, and their differences and similarities are analyzed. The bonding of the diatomic borides is also described; it is found that, apart from RhB(X1Σ+), which was just recently found to form quadruple bonds, RuB(X2Δ) and TcB(X3Σ−) also form quadruple σ2σ2π2π2 bonds in their X states. Moreover, to fill the gap existing in the current literature, here, we calculate the TcB molecule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The revolution in lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology was partly due to the invention of graphite as a robust negative electrode material. However, equivalent negative electrode materials for complementary sodium ion battery (NIB) technologies are yet to be commercialized due to sluggish reaction kinetics, phase instability, and low energy density originating from the larger size of Na+-ion. Therefore, in search of the next-generation electrode materials for NIBs, we first analyze the failure of graphite during reversible Na+ ion storage. Building upon that, we suggest surface-functionalized and nanostructured forms of analogous carbon allotropes for enhancing Na+ ion storage. During long-term rigorous cycling conditions, Graphene Oxide (GO) and Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) exhibit higher Na+ ion storage (157 mAh g−1 and 50 mAh g−1 after 60 cycles, respectively) compared to graphite (27 mAh g−1). Optimizing alternative NIBs requires a comprehensive analysis of cycling behavior and kinetic information. Therefore, in this investigation, we further examine ex-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at progressive cycles and correlate capacity degradation with impedance arising from the electrolyte, solid electrolyte interphase formation, and charge transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPotato virus Y (PVY) is the reason for significant losses in the potato crop yearly. The recent technologies in molecular biology have given insights on possibilities for control of viral infections at epigenetic level. In the present study, we obtained a DNA template complementary to a key sequence at the NIb genetic region of PVY. Potato leaves were inoculated with dsRNAs and siRNAs complementary to NIb 48 h before inoculation with PVY strain N/NTN. The treated plants did not develop any signs of disease. Double antibody sandwich еnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) of the plants treated with Nib-dsRNAs showed optical density values commensurate to the cut-off value. The Nib-siRNAs obtained in this study were twice as effective, with DAS-ELISA values which were below the cut-off and similar to the values of the healthy plants. Inducing posttranscriptional gene silencing in crops presents a promising utility for control of virus diseases and for prevention of crop losses, being non-inheritable, non-toxic and adaptable to a specific crop.

The COVID-19 pandemic has created an emergency across the globe. The number of corona positive and death cases is still rising worldwide. All countries' governments are taking various steps to control the infection of COVID-19. One step to control the coronavirus's spreading is to quarantine. But the number of active cases at the quarantine center is increasing daily. Also, the doctors, nurses, and paramedical staff providing service to the people at the quarantine center are getting infected. This demands the automatic and regular monitoring of people at the quarantine center. This paper proposed a novel and automated method for monitoring people at the quarantine center in two phases. These are the health data transmission phase and health data analysis phase. The health data transmission phase proposed a geographic-based routing that involves components like Network-in-box, Roadside-unit, and vehicles. An effective route is determined using route value to transmit data from the quarantine center to the observation center. The route value depends on the factors such as density, shortest path, delay, vehicular data carrying delay, and attenuation. The performance metrics considered for this phase are E2E delay, number of network gaps, and packet delivery ratio, and the proposed work performs better than the existing routing like geographic source routing, anchor-based street traffic aware routing, Peripheral node based GEographic DIstance Routing. The analysis of health data is done at the observation center. In the health data analysis phase, the health data is classified into multi-class using a support vector machine. There are four categories of health data: normal, low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk. The parameters used to measure the performance of this phase are precision, recall, accuracy, and F-1 score. The overall testing accuracy is found to be 96.8%, demonstrating strong potential for our technique to be adopted in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: GDP‐L‐galactose phosphorylase (VTC2) catalyses the conversion of GDP‐L‐galactose to L‐galactose‐1‐P, a vital step of ascorbic acid (AsA) biosynthesis in plants. AsA is well known for its function in the amelioration of oxidative stress caused by most pathogen infection, but its function against viral infection remains unclear. Here, we have identified a VTC2 gene in wheat named as TaVTC2 and investigated its function in association with the wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) infection. Our results showed that overexpression of TaVTC2 significantly increased viral accumulation, whereas knocking down TaVTC2 inhibited the viral infection in wheat, suggesting a positive regulation on viral infection by TaVTC2. Moreover, less AsA was produced in TaVTC2 knocking down plants (TaVTC2‐RNAi) which due to the reduction in TaVTC2 expression and subsequently in TaVTC2 activity, resulting in a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst in leaves. Furthermore, the enhanced WYMV resistance in TaVTC2‐RNAi plants was diminished by exogenously applied AsA. We further demonstrated that WYMV NIb directly bound to TaVTC2 and inhibited TaVTC2 enzymatic activity in vitro. The effect of TaVTC2 on ROS scavenge was suppressed by NIb in a dosage‐dependent manner, indicating the ROS scavenging was highly regulated by the interaction of TaVTC2 with NIb. Furthermore, TaVTC2 RNAi plants conferred broad‐spectrum disease resistance. Therefore, the data indicate that TaVTC2 recruits WYMV NIb to down‐regulate its own enzymatic activity, reducing AsA accumulation to elicit a burst of ROS which confers the resistance to WYMV infection. Thus, a new mechanism of the formation of plant innate immunity was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Almujtamae: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat is the property of Universitas Djuanda and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Infection of viruses from the genera Bromovirus, Potyvirus, and Potexvirus in Nicotiana benthamiana induces significant up‐regulation of the genes that encode the HSP70 family, including binding immunoglobulin protein 2 (BiP2). Three up‐regulated genes were knocked down and infection assays with these knockdown lines demonstrated the importance of the BiP2 gene for potyvirus infection but not for infection by the other tested viruses. Distinct symptoms of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and potato virus X (PVX) were observed in the BiP2 knockdown line at 10 days postagroinfiltration. Interestingly, following inoculation with either soybean mosaic virus (SMV) or pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) co‐expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP), neither crinkle symptoms nor GFP signals were observed in the BiP2 knockdown line. Subsequent reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated that knockdown of BiP2 resulted in a significant decrease of SMV and PepMoV RNA accumulation but not PVX or CMV RNA accumulation. Further yeast two‐hybrid and co‐immunoprecipitation analyses validated the interaction between BiP2 and nuclear inclusion protein b (NIb) of SMV. Together, our findings suggest the crucial role of BiP2 as a proviral host factor necessary for potyvirus infection. The interaction between BiP2 and NIb may be the critical factor determining susceptibility in N. benthamiana, but further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk membekali kemampuan dan keterampilan terkait izin pendirian, penyusunan Laporan Keuangan dan pemasaran digital UMKM Garuri. Garuri (Gaharu Republik Indonesia merupakan unit Usaha yang bergerak pada usaha teh herbal yang berbahan baku gaharu Garuri ini termasuk pada kelompok Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM), yang mana UMKM memiliki permasalahan sebagai berikut: 1) Memiliki tempat usaha seadanya; 2) Tidak mampu mengakses pendanaan di lembaga keuangan; 3) Kemampuan kewirausahaan rendah; 4) Kemampuan manajemen bisnis rendah; 5) Tingkat pendidikan umum relatif kurang; 6) Akses terhadap pasar kurang; 7) Akses terhadap perizinan rendah 8) Akses terhadap teknologi dan informasi rendah. Dalam menyelesaikan masalah UMKM di atas dilakukan secara bertahap. Legalitas izin usaha adalah salah satu hal yang paling mendasar bagi pelaku usaha. Disamping itu perlu meningkatkan kemampuan manajemen keuangan dan pemasaran digital. Untuk itu perlu: (1). dilakukan pendampingan dalam pembuatan Nomor Induk Berusaha (NIB) untuk UMKM penganti SIUP untuk PT, (2) pelatihan manajemen keuangan dan pemasaran digital. Metode yang dilakukan oleh Tim Pendamping PKM Unand untuk UMKM Garuri adalah (1) Sosialisasi kegiatan pendampingan secara online dan offline dan FGD; (2) Presentasi, (3) Pendampingan Input Data dan (4) Monitoring dan Evaluasi. Pendampingan pengurusan izin berusaha (NIB) UMKM Garuri dan pelatihan manajemen keuangan dan pemasaran digital. Hasil dari kegiatan PKM adalah (1). UMKM Garuri telah memiliki izin usaha, (2) pendampingan UMKM telah dilakukan pembenahan administrasi dan manajemen keuangan dengan mengisi aplikasi pencatatan keuangan usaha yang dikeluarkan oleh Bank Indonesia dengan nama SIAPIK; 3. UMKM Garuri telah membuat akun untuk memasarkan produknya media sosial.

Within the theoretical framework of computational prediction, this study introduces a novel tetrapodal Cd 0.9 Zn 0.1 S/NiB (CZS/NiB) Schottky heterojunction material, which demonstrates exceptional photothermal effects and remarkable photocatalytic properties. Notably, under visible light irradiation for 3 h, the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of CZS/NiB-3 % surpasses that of pure CZS by a factor of 10.52. This outstanding photocatalytic hydrogen production performance stems from the successful construction of the CZS/NiB-3 % Schottky heterojunction with promoted the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers and excellent photothermal effect. Additionally, the synthesized CZS/NiB exhibits high photostability and cycling stability. The favorable photothermal effect of the synthesized photocatalyst was experimentally validated through infrared thermography technology. Through in-depth computational investigations using density functional theory, the pathways of charge transfer in the Schottky heterojunction are validated. This study provides a feasible strategy for research on photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen evolution. • The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate reached 143.84 mmol g−1 h−1. • Schottky heterojunction was confirmed by calculation and experimental. • The synergetic effects of photothermal and heterojunction were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To promote the commercial application of sodium ion batteries (SIBs), new high‐stability and high‐capacity anode materials are needed. Metal oxides show great promise, but significant issues relating to their low electrical conductivity and unstable structure during charge storage must be resolved. Herein, a new composite anode consisting of pseudohexagonal Nb2O5 (TT‐Nb2O5) nanoparticles strongly anchored to carbon nanotubes (CNT) through a glucose‐derived carbon framework (Nb2O5/g‐CNT) was synthesised and assessed for use as the anode in SIBs. This represents the first application of TT‐Nb2O5 in SIBs. The composite is shown to offer high specific capacity (203 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1), good rate capability (53 mAh g−1 at high current density of 5 A g−1), and a high‐capacity retention rate (135 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 between 25 and 300 cycles). This is attributed to high electrical conductivity and flexibility offered by the designed carbon framework, the superior capacity of the TT‐Nb2O5 and the linkage between the two provided by the bonding glucose derived carbon. This work therefore demonstrates a scalable route for the application of metal oxides in future high‐performance SIB systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nuclear localization signal (NLS) and nuclear export signal (NES) are key signatures of proteins for controlling nuclear import and export. The NIb protein of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) that is absolutely required for viral genome replication. Previous studies have shown that NIb is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein and contains four putative NES and four putative NLS motifs. Here, we analyzed the function of these NESs and NLSs, and identified two functional NESs and one functional NLS. Mutation of the identified functional NESs or NLS inhibited viral RNA accumulation and systemic infection. Exportin 1 (XPO1) is a nuclear export receptor that binds directly to cargo proteins harboring a leucine-rich NES and translocates them to the cytoplasm. We found that XPO1 contains two NIb-binding domains, which recognize the NLS and NES of NIb, respectively, to mediate the nucleocytoplasmic transport of NIb and promote viral infection. Taken together, these data suggest that the nucleocytoplasmic transport of NIb is modulated by XPO1 through its interactions with the functional NLS and NES of NIb to promote viral infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potato virus Y (PVY) is the reason for significant losses in the potato crop yearly. The recent technologies in molecular biology have given insights on possibilities for control of viral infections at epigenetic level. In the present study, we obtained a DNA template complementary to a key sequence at the NIb genetic region of PVY. Potato leaves were inoculated with dsRNAs and siRNAs complementary to NIb 48 h before inoculation with PVY strain N/NTN. The treated plants did not develop any signs of disease. Double antibody sandwich еnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) of the plants treated with Nib-dsRNAs showed optical density values commensurate to the cut-off value. The Nib-siRNAs obtained in this study were twice as effective, with DAS-ELISA values which were below the cut-off and similar to the values of the healthy plants. Inducing posttranscriptional gene silencing in crops presents a promising utility for control of virus diseases and for prevention of crop losses, being non-inheritable, non-toxic and adaptable to a specific crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile phones, internet, tablets, I Pads, their applications, social media, GPS guided travelling, You Tube guided cooking etc are part of our lives from the start to end of the day. Technology is now a part and parcel of the society and changing our life style dramatically. But there is one very important and indispensable part of the society, who are lagging from the use of various innovations on ICT, and also they are deprived from all modern education due to their low economic level. They cannot improve their status due to non availability of modern infrastructure in their areas. Only education can uplift the status of the urban people from their backwardness. Metro and City peoples somehow are managing their lifestyle with modern scientific amenities. So in this paper we tried to develop a low cost e-education framework for the people in village and urban areas. Thus they can be enriched with modern education. It is to be noted that E-education is the only simple solution to educate and uplift rural people without investing huge money like conventional education linked with costly infrastructure. Distant Education from anywhere, E-learning, E-Education clearly has a role to play in resolving the problem. Since conventional high speed telecom network installation in rural area have a very little ROI. The rural people could not effort for the technology like DSL, ISDN, FTH, 3G/4G/5G, where the installation cost is far more. The network using WiMAX technology is fit for low cost solution for end user student and teacher in deprived areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial Internet of Everything (IIoE), as the deep integration of industry 6.0, the Internet of Things (IoT) and 6G mobile communication technology, pave the way for intelligent industry, enabling industrial optimization and automation. To ensure the high quality of services (QoS) in IIoE, tremendous real-time information generated by the pervasive smart things needs to be aggregated and processed quickly and reliably. However, a large-scale disaster could damage the entire communication network and cut off data aggregation such that Qos is compromised. In this paper, an Intelligent NIB based Data Aggregation Strategy, named (IDAS), is proposed for after disaster scenarios in IIoE. Specifically, IDAS first applies both iterative cubature kalman filter and radial basis function neural network to predict the data collection rates of survived infrastructures. Then, an energy efficient task distribution mechanism is design. Next, a deep reinforcement learning method is developed for the car-carrying NIB route design to perform corresponding task. Eventually, all data are aggregated toward the rescue headquarter by NIB deployment based on Fermat tree constructions. The theoretical analysis and simulations indicate that IDAS is not only energy efficient for after disaster scenarios but requires the least NIB consumption while compared with contemporary strategies.

The nuclear localization signal (NLS) and nuclear export signal (NES) are key signatures of proteins for controlling nuclear import and export. The NIb protein of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) that is absolutely required for viral genome replication. Previous studies have shown that NIb is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein and contains four putative NES and four putative NLS motifs. Here, we analyzed the function of these NESs and NLSs, and identified two functional NESs and one functional NLS. Mutation of the identified functional NESs or NLS inhibited viral RNA accumulation and systemic infection. Exportin 1 (XPO1) is a nuclear export receptor that binds directly to cargo proteins harboring a leucine-rich NES and translocates them to the cytoplasm. We found that XPO1 contains two NIb-binding domains, which recognize the NLS and NES of NIb, respectively, to mediate the nucleocytoplasmic transport of NIb and promote viral infection. Taken together, these data suggest that the nucleocytoplasmic transport of NIb is modulated by XPO1 through its interactions with the functional NLS and NES of NIb to promote viral infection.

Symptoms of apical rosette were seen in field pea grown as winter season crop in India. Symptomatic leaves were processed for the identification of associated virus. The primers pair (PSbMV-F/PSbMV-R) targeting part of NIb gene of Pea seed borne mosaic potyvirus (PSbMV) was used in RT-PCR. The targeted fragment was successfully amplified cloned and sequenced. Sequencing of amplicons revealed it to be 795 bp long and identical to each other and hence only one was deposited to the NCBI database. Blast results of sequence showed it to be a portion of NIb region of the PSbMV and had 100–88.5% nt similarity with known isolates of the PSbMV. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the PSbMV isolates used group together. However, the PSbMV-IN:Knp isolate sub-clustered with the known PSbMV isolates of pathotype 1. This is the first report of the characterisation of an Indian isolate of PSbMV based on genomic sequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern age, due to rapid development of emerging ICT (Information, Communication and Technology) tools for a synchronous and asynchronous mode of teaching and learning management in online as well as distance mode of education, Traditional education system is transformed into a modern learning and teaching management scheme with interactivity, flexibility and convenience. However, in this paper, we have classified the used ICT tools of e-Education system through different concepts and effective e-Education model for developing countries is also proposed. The objectives are to create a new framework of e-Education system, based on internet or intranet with contents for courses in all major disciplines as well as specialized and newly developing interdisciplinary subjects which can be easily adopted in pandemic situation where the student and teacher both are locked into their residence. There is very little academic expertise in schools, colleges and even universities to run the new e education system mainly from home environment. So, a special expert team or committee is firstly to be constituted for the execution of a programme to train the teacher and student community to cope up a new efficient e-Education methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary The development of highly active and cost effective catalysts for hydrolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) is the main aim for practical usage of NaBH4 for fuel cells. Herein, we investigated the addition of various amounts of Triton during chemical reduction process on the NiB catalytic activity. The experimental results indicated that the catalytic performance of Triton stabilized NiB catalysts was significantly higher than that of NiB catalysts. Furthermore, the highest hydrogen generation rate in NaBH4 hydrolysis was obtained with 25 μL Triton addition as 8970 mL.min−1.g−1cat at 338 K. The activation energy of the hydrolysis for NiB25 and NiB catalysts were calculated as 48.05 and 58.91 kJ mol−1, respectively. In the second part of this study, the kinetic performance of NaBH4 hydrolysis was experimentally studied, and subsequently generated hydrogen from the hydrolysis reaction was fed directly to the fuel cell and the performance analysis were investigated. It was found that the power density of pure hydrogen was lower than the hydrogen generated by the NiB25 catalysts. Our results clearly indicated that Triton possessed a significant effect on the catalytic activity of NiB catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Polyadenylation influences many aspects of mRNA as well as viral RNA. variable polyadenylation at the 3' end have been reported in RNA viruses. It is interesting to identify the characteristic and potential role of 3' polyadenylation of Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV), which has been reported to contain two genomic RNAs with 3' poly(A) tails and caused severe disease on wheat in East Asia region. Methods 3' RACE was used to identify sequences of the 3′ end in WYMV RNAs from naturally infected wheat by WYMV. In vitro translation assay was performed to analyze effect of UTRs of WYMV with or without 3’polyadenylation on translation. In vitro replication mediated by WYMV NIb protein were performed to evaluate effect of variable polyadenylation on replication. Results Variable polyadenylation in WYMV RNAs was identified via 3′ RACE. WYMV RNAs in naturally infected wheat in China simultaneously present with regions of long, short, or no adenylation at the 3' ends. The effects of variable polyadenylation on translation and replication of WYMV RNAs were evaluated. 5’UTR and 3’UTR of WYMV RNA1 or RNA2 synergistically enhanced the translation of the firefly luciferase (Fluc) gene in in vitro WGE system, whereas additional adenylates had an oppositive effect on this enhancement on translation mediated by UTRs of WYMV. Additional adenylates remarkably inhibited the synthesis of complementary strand from viral genome RNA during the in vitro replication mediated by WYMV NIb protein. Conclusions 3' end of WYMV RNAs present variable polyadenylation even no polyadenylation. 3' polyadenylation have opposite effect on translation mediated by UTRs of WYMV RNA1 or RNA2. 3' polyadenylation have negative effect on minus-strand synthesis of WYMV RNA in vitro. Variable polyadenylation of WYMV RNAs may provide sufficient selection on the template for translation and replication.

Samuel Roberts, Emma Kendrick WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, UKAbstract: With the re-emergence of sodium ion batteries (NIBs), we discuss the reasons for the recent interests in this technology and discuss the synergies between lithium ion battery (LIB) and NIB technologies and the potential for NIB as a “drop-in” technology for LIB manufacturing. The electrochemical testing of sodium materials in sodium metal anode arrangements is reviewed. The performance, stability, and polarization of the sodium in these test cells lead to alternative testing in three-electrode and alternative anode cell configurations. NIB manufacturability is also discussed, together with the impact that the material stability has upon the electrodes and coating. Finally, full-cell NIB technologies are reviewed, and literature proof-of-concept cells give an idea of some of the key differences in the testing protocols of these batteries. For more commercially relevant formats, safety, passive voltage control through cell balancing and cell formation aspects are discussed.Keywords: sodium ion battery, NIB, cell manufacturing, electrode processing, Na ion, cell testing, anode, cathode, full cells

In this work, an open Radio Access Network (RAN), compatible, scalable and highly flexible Software Defined Radio (SDR)-based Remote Radio Head (RRH) framework is proposed and designed. Such framework can be used to implement flexible wideband radio solutions, which can be deployed in any region, have common radio management features, and support various channel bandwidths. Moreover, it enables easier access for researchers to nonsimulated cellular networks, reduce system development time, provide test and measurement capabilities, and support existing and emerging wireless communication technologies. The performance of the proposed SDR framework is validated by creating a Network-in-a-Box (NIB) that can operate in multiband multicarrier 4G or 5G standalone (SA) configurations, with an output power of up to 33 dBm. Measurement results show, that the 4G and 5G NIB can achieve, respectively, up to 883 Mbps and 765 Mbps downlink data transfer speeds for a 100 MHz aggregated bandwidth. However, if six carriers are used in the 4G NIB, 1062 Mbps downlink data transfer speed can be achieved. When single user equipment (UE) is used, maximum uplink data transfer speed is 65.8 Mbps and 92.6 Mbps in case of 4G and 5G, respectively. The average packet latency in case of 5G is up to 45.1% lower than 4G. CPU load by the eNodeB and gNodeB is proportional to occupied bandwidth, but under the same aggregated DL bandwidth conditions, gNodeB load on the CPU is lower. Moreover, if only 1 UE is active, under same aggregated bandwidth conditions, the EPC CPU load is up to four times lower than the 5GC.

Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) has a broad host range and its presence has been detected in many species of vegetables both in the world and Turkey. However, there is no study on the infection of TuMV in okra plant, a summer vegetable belonging to the Malvaceae family, in Turkey. For this purpose, 31 samples of okra showing virus and virus-like symptoms were collected from the okra production areas from İzmir and Manisa provinces in 2017. The collected samples were tested by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DASELISA) with the aim of determining the presence of TuMV. The tests revealed that 23 samples (74.2%) were infected with TuMV. Molecular characterization of two TuMV isolates selected from the infected samples was performed. The partial nuclear inclusion b and coat protein genes of the selected isolates were amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), cloned and sequenced. The obtained sequences were used to determine similarity rates and phylogenetic relationships with the world isolates. As a result of the multiple sequence comparison, it was determined that TuMV isolates showed 84-88% and 91-94% identities with the world isolates at the level of nucleotide and amino acid, respectively. Moreover, the results of phylogenetic analyses revealed that the okra TuMV isolates were classified into basal-B group. With this study, the presence of TuMV has been identified for the first time in okra production fields of Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The effect of composition modification by partial and full substitution of Ni with nickel boride (NiB) in 90W-6Ni-2Fe-2Co (wt%) tungsten heavy alloys (WHAs) are evaluated. The total content of (Ni + NiB) is maintained at 6 wt% in all cases. WHAs are consolidated by conventional sintering at three different temperatures of 1410, 1440, and 1470 °C in hydrogen atmosphere for 1 h 15 min. Partially and fully substituted NiB samples result in enhanced densification at relatively less sintering temperature (1410 °C). A systematic investigation of the effect of NiB substitution on densification, phase evolution, microstructure, mechanical, and thermal properties are presented. In the microstructure of sample, where Ni is fully substituted with NiB; tungsten rich 'channel' or 'interconnects' are observed in between tungsten spheroids irrespective of sintering temperatures. The combination of high sintered density (>99.5% theoretical), high micro-hardness of the matrix, and low CTE is displayed by partially or fully NiB substituted sample sintered at 1470 °C. Highlights • Substitution of Ni with NiB enhances densification of 90W-6Ni-2Fe-2Co alloys. • NiB substitution has no effect on lattice parameter of W in sintered WHAs. • In 90W-6NiB-2Fe-2Co system, W-rich 'channel' or 'interconnects' are observed. • Substitution by NiB enhances solubility of W in the matrix. • NiB substituted samples exhibit lower CTE in 200–400 °C in argon atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aiming at a more comprehensive understanding of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in sodium ion batteries (NIBs), a detailed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) investigation of the few-nanometer thick passivation film formed on hard carbon (HC) in contact with various Na+-ion conducting electrolytes is reported. The electrolytes investigated include 1 M solutions of NaPF 6 , NaClO 4 , NaTFSI, NaFSI, and NaFTFSI, all dissolved in a common mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethylene carbonate (DEC) (EC/DEC = 1/1 wt. ratio). For comparison, the study of analogous Li-based electrolytes containing LiPF 6 and LiFSI as representative electrolyte salts is also reported. The anion and cation of the electrolyte salt appear to play a key role in determining the overall SEI layer composition, including its depth evolution and thickness. The SEI building species formed on hard carbon by solvent reduction upon sodiation are found to decrease with the various salts in the order: NaPF 6 > NaClO 4 ≈ NaTFSI > NaFTFSI > NaFSI. The comparison of lithiated and sodiated HC electrodes shows that the SEI layer is more homogeneous and richer in organic species upon the use of Na-based electrolytes. Surface and depth-profiling XPS analysis on HC electrodes charged in the various electrolyte formulations provides in-depth insights on the differences and similarities of the SEI (composition, thickness, depth evolution, etc.) evolving from the variation in the chemical structure of the cations and anions of the respective salts. Graphical abstract fx1 Highlights • Characterization of SEI on hard carbon (HC) electrodes for alkali metal-ion batteries. • Chemistry of SEI layers formed on HC electrodes in Li and Na electrolytes. • Effect of the salt anion on the composition of SEI layers on HC electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate the similarities between the development of the "innovation process" at the national level and the evolution of a "natural biome," and subsequently introduce a new metaphor called the "National Innovation Biome." To this end, the metaphor research methodology has been used based on its eight principles of optimality. In this study, the national innovation biome refers to a set of ecosystems, such as technological, industrial, knowledge, and entrepreneurial, that operate within the same institutional settings of a country. Their functional result is innovation development at the national level. This novel metaphor offers several theoretical, empirical, and policy implications. These include developing a framework to analyze the multi-ecosystem space of each country based on the diversity of different sectors and technologies, integrating neoclassical and evolutionary approaches to innovation policy, and reducing the emphasis on boundaries between innovation activities in different countries. Furthermore, in comparison with existing metaphors, the new metaphor is more pertinent to the context of developing countries. It can provide an apt analytical framework to converge innovation policies and integrate them with industrial and technological innovations. • The use of ecological metaphors in innovation studies is often limited to the ecosystem. • The National Innovation Biome (NIB) is a novel basis for the development of National Innovation Policy. • NIS view, have had limited impact on innovation development in some developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potyviruses represent the largest group of known plant RNA viruses and include many agriculturally important viruses, such as Plum pox virus, Soybean mosaic virus, Turnip mosaic virus, and Potato virus Y. Potyviruses adopt polyprotein processing as their genome expression strategy. Among the 11 known viral proteins, the nuclear inclusion protein b (NIb) is the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase responsible for viral genome replication. Beyond its principal role as an RNA replicase, NIb has been shown to play key roles in diverse virus−host interactions. NIb recruits several host proteins into the viral replication complexes (VRCs), which are essential for the formation of functional VRCs for virus multiplication, and interacts with the sumoylation pathway proteins to suppress NPR1-mediated immunity response. On the other hand, NIb serves as a target of selective autophagy as well as an elicitor of effector-triggered immunity, resulting in attenuated virus infection. These contrasting roles of NIb provide an excellent example of the complex co-evolutionary arms race between plant hosts and potyviruses. This review highlights the current knowledge about the multifunctional roles of NIb in potyvirus infection, and discusses future research directions.

Selective hydrogenation of 1-naphthol to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthol was investigated over several Ni- and Pd-based supported catalysts such as supported Ni/γ-AlO, Pd/C, and NiB/ultrastable Y zeolite (USY). It was found that USY-supported NiB nanocatalyst prepared in w/o microemlusion showed superior catalytic activity and selectivity for reduction of nonphenolic ring of 1-naphthol with formation of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthol at yield of 71.8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the design of dapped ends of prestressed concrete thin-stemmed members based on an experimental program conducted to identify the most effective reinforcement schemes and develop design guidelines for dapped ends. The testing was part of a research program that included 20 full-scale tests and extensive finite element modeling. The experimental program, under which promising reinforcement schemes and key parameters were tested, is described in a companion paper. This paper describes the development of design guidelines for dapped thin-stemmed members based on analytical studies and an experimental program. Several modified design practices for dapped double tees are recommended. Recommendations for control of cracking in the end region are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of efficient, economical and stable photocatalysts that can maximize the utilization of ultraviolet (UV), visible (Vis) and near-infrared (NIR) light for photocatalytic H 2 evolution remains a challenge. Herein, polyhedral Mn 0.2 Cd 0.8 S (MCS) modified with amorphous NiB nanoparticles was rationally constructed by in-situ synthesis method. Compared to MCS, the optimized MCS/NiB composite exhibited much superior activity with the H 2 evolution rate of 21.6, 29.1, 35.4 and 45.6 mmol g–1 h–1 under Vis (420–780 nm), Vis-NIR (420–1100 nm), UV-Vis (350–780 nm) and UV-Vis-NIR (300–1100 nm) light irradiation, respectively. The enhanced activity was attributed firstly to high charge carrier separation efficiency and adequate active reaction sites due to the modification of NiB co-catalyst and secondly to the enhanced photothermal effect owing to the introduction of full spectrum-responsive NiB. This work provides a new perspective for designing photothermal effect-enhanced photocatalytic system. [Display omitted] • Mn 0.2 Cd 0.8 S/NiB composite was in-situ constructed. • Interfacial contact between two component promoted charge transfer. • NiB co-catalysts provided abundant active reaction sites. • Photothermal effect without external heat energy raised system temperature. • Co-catalyst modification and photothermal effect were responsible for the enhanced activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We employed a polypyrrole hydrogel precursor to create a carbon framework that possesses both huge heteroatom content (13 wt% nitrogen and 11 wt% oxygen) and high surface area (945 m 2 g −1 ) that is equally divided between micropores and mesopores. A sodium ion capacitor (NIC, HIC) electrode fabricated from this N and O Functionalized Carbon (NOFC) has tremendous reversible capacity and rate capability, e.g. 437 mA h g −1 at 100 mA g −1 , and 185 mA h g −1 at 1600 mA g −1 . This is among the most favorable reported, and is due to copious nanoporosity that enables fast ion sorption at the many N and O moieties and graphene defects. The NOFC imbues a NIC device with energy–power characteristics that are not only state-of-the-art for Na hybrids, but also rival Li systems: Ragone chart placement is 111 W h kg −1 and 38 W h kg −1 at 67 W kg −1 and 14,550 W kg −1 , respectively, with 90% capacity retention at over 5000 charge/discharge cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influences of chloride ion concentration and crevice geometry on the rate of denting corrosion of carbon steel in a solution containing copper ions were investigated. The results indicate that the denting rate increased with an increase in chloride ion concentration and crevice gap size. X-ray diffraction patterns suggest that hematite was formed at low chloride ion concentrations, whereas maghemite and magnetite were formed at high chloride ion concentrations. Nickel boride (NiB) was tested as a denting inhibitor under acid-chloride test conditions. The denting rate decreased dramatically with the addition of NiB powder in a solution containing 35,000 ppm of NaCl in both short-term (2 week) and long-term (12 week) experiments. Scanning electron microscope images revealed that the corrosion product obtained with a high chloride concentration with NiB powder was analogous to that obtained with a low chloride concentration without NiB powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NaBH with catalytic amounts of NiB as an additive reagent reduced aromatic and aliphatic nitro compounds to the corresponding amines in high to excellent yields. Reduction reactions were carried out in HO within 3-30 min at room temperature or 75-80 °C. The catalytic activity of NiB as an additive reagent was superior to using the in situ precipitated one. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are some R genes against potyviruses which were mapped in pepper. However, none of them has been characterized at the molecular level. In this study, we characterized Pvr9 which is an Rpi-blb2 ortholog from pepper and confers a hypersensitive response to Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) in a transient expression system in Nicotiana benthamiana . This gene putatively encoded for 1298 amino acids and is located on pepper chromosome 6. PepMoV NIb was the elicitor of the Pvr9 -mediated hypersensitive response. NIb from several other potyviruses also elicited the hypersensitive response. Inoculation of pepper with PepMoV resulted in a minor increase in Pvr9 transcription in the resistant cultivar CM334 and a slight down-regulation in the susceptible cultivar Floral Gem. The 5′ upstream region of Pvr9 from cultivar CM334 had higher transcription activity than the region from cultivar Floral Gem. The cultivars CM334 and Floral Gem had non-functional Pvr9 homologs with loss-of-function mutations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] NiB, PVP-NiB and PVP-NiB/SiO2 catalysts were prepared with chemical reduction. [•] PVP-NiB/SiO2 catalysts with amorphous alloy structure, high B content and larger S BET were obtained. [•] PVP-NiB/SiO2 could improve the cleavage of bridge bonds and the hydrogenation of aromatic rings and unsaturated bond. [•] The electrolytic yield of coal with PVP-NiB/SiO2 catalyst could reach up to 57%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]