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1. CoRRE Trait Data: A dataset of 17 categorical and continuous traits for 4079 grassland species worldwide

Author

Kimberly J. Komatsu, Meghan L. Avolio, Josep Padullés Cubino, Franziska Schrodt, Harald Auge, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, Adam T. Clark, Habacuc Flores-Moreno, Emily Grman, W. Stanley Harpole, Jens Kattge, Kaitlin Kimmel, Sally E. Koerner, Lotte Korell, J. Adam Langley, Tamara Münkemüller, Timothy Ohlert, Renske E. Onstein, Christiane Roscher, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Benton N. Taylor, Leho Tedersoo, Rosalie S. Terry, and Kevin Wilcox

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract In our changing world, understanding plant community responses to global change drivers is critical for predicting future ecosystem composition and function. Plant functional traits promise to be a key predictive tool for many ecosystems, including grasslands; however, their use requires both complete plant community and functional trait data. Yet, representation of these data in global databases is sparse, particularly beyond a handful of most used traits and common species. Here we present the CoRRE Trait Data, spanning 17 traits (9 categorical, 8 continuous) anticipated to predict species’ responses to global change for 4,079 vascular plant species across 173 plant families present in 390 grassland experiments from around the world. The dataset contains complete categorical trait records for all 4,079 plant species obtained from a comprehensive literature search, as well as nearly complete coverage (99.97%) of imputed continuous trait values for a subset of 2,927 plant species. These data will shed light on mechanisms underlying population, community, and ecosystem responses to global change in grasslands worldwide.

Published
2024
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2. Plant traits poorly predict winner and loser shrub species in a warming tundra biome

Author

Mariana García Criado, Isla H. Myers-Smith, Anne D. Bjorkman, Signe Normand, Anne Blach-Overgaard, Haydn J. D. Thomas, Anu Eskelinen, Konsta Happonen, Juha M. Alatalo, Alba Anadon-Rosell, Isabelle Aubin, Mariska te Beest, Katlyn R. Betway-May, Daan Blok, Allan Buras, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Katherine Christie, J. Hans C. Cornelissen, Bruce C. Forbes, Esther R. Frei, Paul Grogan, Luise Hermanutz, Robert D. Hollister, James Hudson, Maitane Iturrate-Garcia, Elina Kaarlejärvi, Michael Kleyer, Laurent J. Lamarque, Jonas J. Lembrechts, Esther Lévesque, Miska Luoto, Petr Macek, Jeremy L. May, Janet S. Prevéy, Gabriela Schaepman-Strub, Serge N. Sheremetiev, Laura Siegwart Collier, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Andrew Trant, Susanna E. Venn, and Anna-Maria Virkkala

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Climate change is leading to species redistributions. In the tundra biome, shrubs are generally expanding, but not all tundra shrub species will benefit from warming. Winner and loser species, and the characteristics that may determine success or failure, have not yet been fully identified. Here, we investigate whether past abundance changes, current range sizes and projected range shifts derived from species distribution models are related to plant trait values and intraspecific trait variation. We combined 17,921 trait records with observed past and modelled future distributions from 62 tundra shrub species across three continents. We found that species with greater variation in seed mass and specific leaf area had larger projected range shifts, and projected winner species had greater seed mass values. However, trait values and variation were not consistently related to current and projected ranges, nor to past abundance change. Overall, our findings indicate that abundance change and range shifts will not lead to directional modifications in shrub trait composition, since winner and loser species share relatively similar trait spaces.

Published
2023
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3. Limited effects of crop foliar Si fertilization on a marginal soil under a future climate scenario

Author

Francois Rineau, Jannis Groh, Julie Claes, Kristof Grosjean, Michel Mench, Maria Moreno-Druet, Virmantas Povilaitis, Thomas Pütz, Beata Rutkowska, Peter Schröder, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Xander Swinnen, Wieslaw Szulc, Sofie Thijs, Jan Vandenborght, Jaco Vangronsveld, Harry Vereecken, Kasper Verhaege, Renaldas Žydelis, and Evelin Loit

Subjects
Marginal soil, Climate change, Ecosystem services, Sustainable agricultural practices, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

Growing crops on marginal lands is a promising solution to alleviate the increasing pressure on agricultural land in Europe. Such crops will however be at the same time exposed to increased drought and pathogen prevalence, on already challenging soil conditions. Some sustainable practices, such as Silicon (Si) foliar fertilization, have been proposed to alleviate these two stress factors, but have not been tested under controlled, future climate conditions. We hypothesized that Si foliar fertilization would be beneficial for crops under future climate, and would have cascading beneficial effects on ecosystem processes, as many of them are directly dependent on plant health. We tested this hypothesis by exposing spring barley growing on marginal soil macrocosms (three with, three without Si treatment) to 2070 climate projections in an ecotron facility. Using the high-capacity monitoring of the ecotron, we estimated C, water, and N budgets of every macrocosm. Additionally, we measured crop yield, the biomass of each plant organ, and characterized bacterial communities using metabarcoding. Despite being exposed to water stress conditions, plants did not produce more biomass with the foliar Si fertilization, whatever the organ considered. Evapotranspiration (ET) was unaffected, as well as water quality and bacterial communities. However, in the 10-day period following two of the three Si applications, we measured a significant increase in C sequestration, when climate conditions where significantly drier, while ET remained the same. We interpreted these results as a less significant effect of Si treatment than expected as compared with literature, which could be explained by the high CO2 levels under future climate, that reduces need for stomata opening, and therefore sensitivity to drought. We conclude that making marginal soils climate proof using foliar Si treatments may not be a sufficient strategy, at least in this type of nutrient-poor, dry, sandy soil.

Published
2024
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4. Fine-resolution global maps of root biomass carbon colonized by arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi

Author

Milagros Barceló, Peter M. van Bodegom, and Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Despite the recognized importance of mycorrhizal associations in ecosystem functioning, the actual abundance patterns of mycorrhizal fungi belowground are still unknown. This information is key for better quantification of mycorrhizal impacts on ecosystem processes and for incorporating mycorrhizal pathways into global biogeochemical models. Here we present the first high-resolution maps of fine root stocks colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi (MgC ha−1). The maps were assembled by combining multiple open-source databases holding information on root biomass carbon, the proportion of AM and EcM tree biomass, plot-level relative abundance of plant species and intensity of AM and EcM root colonization. We calculated root-associated AM and EcM abundance in 881 spatial units, defined as the combination of ecoregions and land cover types across six continents. The highest AM abundances are observed in the (sub-)tropics, while the highest EcM abundances occur in the taiga regions. These maps serve as a basis for future research where continuous spatial estimates of root mycorrhizal stocks are needed.

Published
2023
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5. Frontiers in soil ecology—Insights from the World Biodiversity Forum 2022

Author

Nico Eisenhauer, S. Franz Bender, Irene Calderón‐Sanou, Franciska T. deVries, Jonas J. Lembrechts, Wilfried Thuiller, Diana H. Wall, Romy Zeiss, Mohammad Bahram, Rémy Beugnon, Victoria J. Burton, Thomas W. Crowther, Manuel Delgado‐Baquerizo, Stefan Geisen, Paul Kardol, Valentyna Krashevska, Carlos A. Martínez‐Muñoz, Guillaume Patoine, Julia Seeber, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Michael Steinwandter, Marie Sünnemann, Xin Sun, Marcel G. A. van derHeijden, Carlos A. Guerra, and Anton Potapov

Subjects
biodiversity change, ecosystem functioning, scenario modelling, soil biodiversity, soil macroecology, Agriculture (General), S1-972, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Abstract Global change is affecting soil biodiversity and functioning across all terrestrial ecosystems. Still, much is unknown about how soil biodiversity and function will change in the future in response to simultaneous alterations in climate and land use, as well as other environmental drivers. It is crucial to understand the direct, indirect and interactive effects of global change drivers on soil communities and ecosystems across environmental contexts, not only today but also in the near future. This is particularly relevant for international efforts to tackle climate change like the Paris Agreement, and considering the failure to achieve the 2020 biodiversity targets, especially the target of halting soil degradation. Here, we outline the main frontiers related to soil ecology that were presented and discussed at the thematic sessions of the World Biodiversity Forum 2022 in Davos, Switzerland. We highlight multiple frontiers of knowledge associated with data integration, causal inference, soil biodiversity and function scenarios, critical soil biodiversity facets, underrepresented drivers, global collaboration, knowledge application and transdisciplinarity, as well as policy and public communication. These identified research priorities are not only of immediate interest to the scientific community but may also be considered in research priority programmes and calls for funding.

Published
2022
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6. Can bryophyte groups increase functional resolution in tundra ecosystems?1

Author

Signe Lett, Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir, Antoine Becker-Scarpitta, Casper T. Christiansen, Heinjo During, Flemming Ekelund, Gregory H.R. Henry, Simone I. Lang, Anders Michelsen, Kathrin Rousk, Juha M. Alatalo, Katlyn R. Betway, Sara B. Rui, Terry Callaghan, Michele Carbognani, Elisabeth J. Cooper, J. Hans C. Cornelissen, Ellen Dorrepaal, Dagmar Egelkraut, Tatiana G. Elumeeva, Siri V. Haugum, Robert D. Hollister, Annika K. Jägerbrand, Frida Keuper, Kari Klanderud, Esther Lévesque, Xin Liu, Jeremy May, Pascale Michel, Martin Mörsdorf, Alessandro Petraglia, Christian Rixen, Bjorn J.M. Robroek, Agnieszka M. Rzepczynska, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Anne Tolvanen, Vigdis Vandvik, Igor Volkov, Irina Volkova, and Kristel van Zuijlen

Subjects
mosses, Arctic–Alpine, environmental change, functional traits, water holding capacity, mousses, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Environmental engineering, TA170-171
Abstract

The relative contribution of bryophytes to plant diversity, primary productivity, and ecosystem functioning increases towards colder climates. Bryophytes respond to environmental changes at the species level, but because bryophyte species are relatively difficult to identify, they are often lumped into one functional group. Consequently, bryophyte function remains poorly resolved. Here, we explore how higher resolution of bryophyte functional diversity can be encouraged and implemented in tundra ecological studies. We briefly review previous bryophyte functional classifications and the roles of bryophytes in tundra ecosystems and their susceptibility to environmental change. Based on shoot morphology and colony organization, we then propose twelve easily distinguishable bryophyte functional groups. To illustrate how bryophyte functional groups can help elucidate variation in bryophyte effects and responses, we compiled existing data on water holding capacity, a key bryophyte trait. Although plant functional groups can mask potentially high interspecific and intraspecific variability, we found better separation of bryophyte functional group means compared with previous grouping systems regarding water holding capacity. This suggests that our bryophyte functional groups truly represent variation in the functional roles of bryophytes in tundra ecosystems. Lastly, we provide recommendations to improve the monitoring of bryophyte community changes in tundra study sites.

Published
2022
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7. Mycelium chemistry differs markedly between ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Author

Weilin Huang, Peter M. van Bodegom, Stéphane Declerck, Jussi Heinonsalo, Marco Cosme, Toni Viskari, Jari Liski, and Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Chemical profiles of arbuscular (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi reveal that differences in decomposability-relevant chemistry are larger between AM and EM fungi than across plant functional groups.

Published
2022
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8. Global mycorrhizal plant distribution linked to terrestrial carbon stocks

Author

Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Peter M. van Bodegom, César Terrer, Maarten van’t Zelfde, Ian McCallum, M. Luke McCormack, Joshua B. Fisher, Mark C. Brundrett, Nuno César de Sá, and Leho Tedersoo

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Mycorrhizas—mutualistic relationships formed between fungi and most plant species—are functionally linked to soil carbon stocks. Here the authors map the global distribution of mycorrhizal plants and quantify links between mycorrhizal vegetation patterns and terrestrial carbon stocks.

Published
2019
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9. Linking Land Use and Plant Functional Diversity Patterns in Sabah, Borneo, through Large-Scale Spatially Continuous Sentinel-2 Inference

Author

Leon T. Hauser, Joris Timmermans, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, and Peter M. van Bodegom

Subjects
biodiversity, land use, functional diversity, oil palm, Borneo, logging, Agriculture
Abstract

Global biodiversity losses erode the functioning of our vital ecosystems. Functional diversity is increasingly recognized as a critical link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Satellite earth observation was proposed to address the current absence of information on large-scale continuous patterns of plant functional diversity. This study demonstrates the inference and spatial mapping of functional diversity metrics through satellite remote sensing over a large key biodiversity region (Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, ~53,000 km2) and compares the derived estimates across a land-use gradient as an initial qualitative assessment to test the potential merits of the approach. Functional traits (leaf water content, chlorophyll-a and -b, and leaf area index) were estimated from Sentinel-2 spectral reflectance using a pre-trained neural network on radiative transfer modeling simulations. Multivariate functional diversity metrics were calculated, including functional richness, divergence, and evenness. Spatial patterns of functional diversity were related to land-use data distinguishing intact forest, logged forest, and oil palm plantations. Spatial patterns of satellite remotely sensed functional diversity are significantly related to differences in land use. Intact forests, as well as logged forests, featured consistently higher functional diversity compared to oil palm plantations. Differences were profound for functional divergence, whereas functional richness exhibited relatively large variances within land-use classes. By linking large-scale patterns of functional diversity as derived from satellite remote sensing to land-use information, this study indicated initial responsiveness to broad human disturbance gradients over large geographical and spatially contiguous extents. Despite uncertainties about the accuracy of the spatial patterns, this study provides a coherent early application of satellite-derived functional diversity toward further validation of its responsiveness across ecological gradients.

Published
2022
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10. Microbiota in Dung and Milk Differ Between Organic and Conventional Dairy Farms

Author

Sofia I. F. Gomes, Peter M. van Bodegom, Maaike van Agtmaal, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Monique Bestman, Elza Duijm, Arjen Speksnijder, and Nick van Eekeren

Subjects
dung, grassland, microbiome, milk, silage, soil, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Organic farming is increasingly promoted as a means to reduce the environmental impact of artificial fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and antibiotics in conventional dairy systems. These factors potentially affect the microbial communities of the production stages (soil, silage, dung, and milk) of the entire farm cycle. However, understanding whether the microbiota representative of different production stages reflects different agricultural practices – such as conventional versus organic farming – is unknown. Furthermore, the translocation of the microbial community across production stages is scarcely studied. We sequenced the microbial communities of soil, silage, dung, and milk samples from organic and conventional dairy farms in the Netherlands. We found that community structure of soil fungi and bacteria significantly differed among soil types, but not between organic versus conventional farming systems. The microbial communities of silage also did not differ among conventional and organic systems. Nevertheless, the dung microbiota of cows and the fungal communities in the milk were significantly structured by agricultural practice. We conclude that, while the production stages of dairy farms seem to be disconnected in terms of microbial transfer, certain practices specific for each agricultural system, such as the content of diet and the use of antibiotics, are potential drivers of shifts in the cow’s microbiota, including the milk produced. This may reflect differences in farm animal health and quality of dairy products depending on farming practices.

Published
2020
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11. The abundance of arbuscular mycorrhiza in soils is linked to the total length of roots colonized at ecosystem level

Author

Milagros Barceló, Peter M. van Bodegom, Leho Tedersoo, Nadja den Haan, G. F. (Ciska) Veen, Ivika Ostonen, Krijn Trimbos, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, and Cheng Gao

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) strongly affect ecosystem functioning. To understand and quantify the mechanisms of this control, knowledge about the relationship between the actual abundance and community composition of AMF in the soil and in plant roots is needed. We collected soil and root samples in a natural dune grassland to test whether, across a plant community, the abundance of AMF in host roots (measured as the total length of roots colonized) is related to soil AMF abundance (using the neutral lipid fatty acids (NLFA) 16:1ω5 as proxy). Next-generation sequencing was used to explore the role of community composition in abundance patterns. We found a strong positive relationship between the total length of roots colonized by AMF and the amount of NLFA 16:1ω5 in the soil. We provide the first field-based evidence of proportional biomass allocation between intra-and extraradical AMF mycelium, at ecosystem level. We suggest that this phenomenon is made possible by compensatory colonization strategies of individual fungal species. Finally, our findings open the possibility of using AMF total root colonization as a proxy for soil AMF abundances, aiding further exploration of the AMF impacts on ecosystems functioning.

Published
2020

12. Plant community responses to alterations in soil abiotic and biotic conditions are decoupled for above- and below-ground traits

Author

Chenguang Gao, T. Martijn Bezemer, Peter M. van Bodegom, Hans C. Cornelissen, Richard van Logtestijn, Xiangyu Liu, Riccardo Mancinelli, Harrie van der Hagen, Meng Zhou, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Systems Ecology, Terrestrial Ecology (TE), Gao, Chenguang, Bezemer, T. Martijn, van Bodegom, Peter M., Cornelissen, Hans C., van Logtestijn, Richard, Liu, Xiangyu, MANCINELLI, Riccardo, van der Hagen, Harrie, Zhou, Meng, and SOUDZILOVSKAIA, Nadia

Subjects
plant community-weighted mean traits, Ecology, leaf, plant trait coordination, Plant Science, plant–soil interactions, root, soil inoculation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, soil community, plant-soil interactions
Abstract

Plant functional traits are increasingly recognised as being impacted by soil abiotic and biotic factors. Yet, the question to what extent the coupling between community-level above- and below-ground traits is affected by soil conditions remains open. In a field experiment in dune grassland, we quantified the responses of both community-level leaf and root traits to changes in soil abiotic and biotic conditions using soil inoculation by living and sterile soil inocula originated from different dune ecosystems. Altered soil conditions resulted in a strong decoupling in responses of community-level leaf and root traits. Changes in soil abiotic conditions imposed by soil inoculation were more important in determining the decoupling of the leaf vs root relationships than additions of soil biota. Altered soil abiotic factors influenced both leaf and root traits at the community level and caused the entire community-level trait spectrum to shift, while experimental additions of living soil inocula only significantly influenced root traits towards longer and thinner roots. Synthesis. Our results bring direct evidence that, at a plant community level, the dynamics of plant above-ground traits are not informative of below-ground traits. Particularly, below-ground abiotic processes are a major driver of commonly observed trait spectra. We suggest that future study is required to test the general pattern of leaf and root correlations across different ecosystems under field conditions. China Scholarship Council, Grant/Award Number: 201804910632; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Grant/Award Number: 016.161.318 and 865.14.006 We are grateful to Dunea Duin & Water company for the help with establishment of the experiment. Funding was provided by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific research (NWO; VIDI grant no. 016.161.318 issued to Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia; VICI grant 865.14.006 issued to T. Martijn Bezemer) and the China Scholarship Council (grant no. 201804910632) issued to Chenguang Gao.

Published
2023

14. Global beta-diversity of angiosperm trees is shaped by Quaternary climate change

Author

Wu-Bing Xu, Wen-Yong Guo, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Franziska Schrodt, Wolf L. Eiserhardt, Brian J. Enquist, Brian S. Maitner, Cory Merow, Cyrille Violle, Madhur Anand, Michaël Belluau, Hans Henrik Bruun, Chaeho Byun, Jane A. Catford, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Eduardo Chacón-Madrigal, Daniela Ciccarelli, J. Hans C. Cornelissen, Anh Tuan Dang-Le, Angel de Frutos, Arildo S. Dias, Aelton B. Giroldo, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Wesley Hattingh, Tianhua He, Peter Hietz, Nate Hough-Snee, Steven Jansen, Jens Kattge, Benjamin Komac, Nathan J. B. Kraft, Koen Kramer, Sandra Lavorel, Christopher H. Lusk, Adam R. Martin, Ke-Ping Ma, Maurizio Mencuccini, Sean T. Michaletz, Vanessa Minden, Akira S. Mori, Ülo Niinemets, Yusuke Onoda, Renske E. Onstein, Josep Peñuelas, Valério D. Pillar, Jan Pisek, Matthew J. Pound, Bjorn J. M. Robroek, Brandon Schamp, Martijn Slot, Miao Sun, Ênio E. Sosinski, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Nelson Thiffault, Peter M. van Bodegom, Fons van der Plas, Jingming Zheng, Jens-Christian Svenning, Alejandro Ordonez, Enquist, Brian J/0000-0002-6124-7096, Pillar, Valerio/0000-0001-6408-2891, Bruun, Hans Henrik/0000-0003-0674-2577, Eiserhardt, Wolf/0000-0002-8136-5233, Serra-Diaz, Josep, M/0000-0003-1988-1154, Sun, Miao/0000-0001-5701-0478, Schrodt, Franziska/0000-0001-9053-8872, Catford, Jane/0000-0003-0582-5960, Martin, Adam Robert/0000-0002-7207-4004, de Frutos, Angel/0000-0002-5250-9488, Xu, Wubing/0000-0002-6566-4452, Xu, Wu-Bing, Guo, Wen-Yong, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Schrodt, Franziska, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Enquist, Brian J., Maitner, Brian S., Merow, Cory, Violle, Cyrille, Anand, Madhur, Belluau, Michael, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Chacon-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, de Frutos, Angel, Dias, Arildo S., Giroldo, Aelton B., Gutierrez, Alvaro G., Hattingh, Wesley, He , Tianhua, Hietz, Peter, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Komac, Benjamin, Kraft, Nathan J. B., Kramer, Koen, Lavorel, Sandra, Lusk, Christopher H., Martin, Adam R., Ma, Ke-Ping, Mencuccini, Maurizio, Michaletz, Sean T., Minden, Vanessa, Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Uelo, Onoda, Yusuke, Onstein, Renske E., Penuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valerio D., Pisek, Jan, Pound, Matthew J., Robroek, Bjorn J. M., Schamp, Brandon, Slot, Martijn, Sun, Miao, Sosinski Jr, Enio E., SOUDZILOVSKAIA, Nadia, Thiffault, Nelson, van Bodegom, Peter M., van der Plas, Fons, Zheng, Jingming, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Ordonez, Alejandro, and Systems Ecology

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Climate Change, Aquatic Ecology, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Biodiversity, Climate Action, Magnoliopsida, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Humans, Life Science, Life Below Water, Phylogeny
Abstract

As Earth's climate has varied strongly through geological time, studying the impacts of past climate change on biodiversity helps to understand the risks from future climate change. However, it remains unclear how paleo-climate shapes spatial variation in biodiversity. Here, we assessed the influence of Quaternary climate change on spatial dissimilarity in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional composition among neighboring 200-kilometer cells (beta-diversity) for angiosperm trees worldwide. We found that larger glacial-interglacial temperature change was strongly associated with lower spatial turnover (species replacements) and higher nestedness (rich-ness changes) components of beta-diversity across all three biodiversity facets. Moreover, phylogenetic and functional turnover was lower and nestedness higher than random expectations based on taxonomic beta -di-versity in regions that experienced large temperature change, reflecting phylogenetically and functionally se-lective processes in species replacement, extinction, and colonization during glacial-interglacial oscillations. Our results suggest that future human-driven climate change could cause local homogenization and reduction in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of angiosperm trees worldwide. W.-B.X. and A.O. acknowledge support from the Aarhus University Research Foundation (AUFF) Starting Grant (AUFF-F-2018-7-8). J.-C.S. acknowledges support from the Danish Council for Independent Research|Natural Sciences (grant 6108-00078B) to the TREECHANGE Project. J.-C.S. also considers this work a contribution to the Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) funded by Danish National Research Foundation (grant DNRF173) and the VILLUM Investigator project “Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World” funded by VILLUM FONDEN (grant 16549). W.L.E. was supported by the VILLUM FONDEN (grant 00025354). M.A. was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery grants program. C.B. was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (2022R1A2C1003504). A.G.G. was supported by the ANID PIA/BASAL (grant FB210006) and FONDECYT (grant 1200468). R.E.O. was supported by the German Research Foundation to German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig (DFG-FZT 118, 202548816). J.Pe. was supported by the Fundación Ramón Areces project (CIVP20A6621) and Spanish Government project (PID2019-110521GB-I00). J.Pi. was supported by the Estonian Research Council Grants (PUT1355, PRG 1405) and Mobilitas Pluss (MOBERC11). V.D.P. was supported by the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) of Brazil (grant 307689/2014-0).

Published
2023

15. Mycorrhizal tree impacts on topsoil biogeochemical properties in tropical forests

Author

Milagros Barceló, Peter M. van Bodegom, Leho Tedersoo, Pål Axel Olsson, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Barcelo, Milagros, van Bodegom, Peter M., Tedersoo, Leho, Olsson, Pal Axel, and SOUDZILOVSKAIA, Nadia

Subjects
Ecology, microbial abundance, soil properties, temperate forests, topsoil carbon, accumulation, tropical forests, Plant Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Arbuscular mycorrhiza, carbon and nutrient cycling, ectomycorrhiza
Abstract

In tropical regions, the patterns of carbon (C) and nutrient properties among ecosystems dominated by distinct mycorrhizal associations are unknown. We aim to reveal whether the dynamics differ and the ecological drivers and ecosystem functioning implications of such differences. Based on a dataset of 97 tropical forest sites, we related EcM trees abundance (as a proxy for the transition from AM to EcM trees dominance) to different topsoil properties, climatic conditions and microbial abundance proxies through Generalized Additive Models. Higher abundances of EcM trees were correlated with higher topsoil concentrations of total nitrogen and C, extractable phosphorus and potassium, delta C-13, mean annual temperature, precipitation, microbial (bacterial and fungal) biomass and the relative abundance of saprotrophic fungi. Synthesis. Our results reveal consistent differences in carbon and nutrient content between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM-) and EcM-dominated vegetation across the tropical biome, pointing to lower soil fertility and lower rates of C and nutrient transformation processes in EcM-dominated forests. These patterns associate with lower topsoil C accumulation when compared to AM vegetation, which contrasts with patterns reported for temperate forests. We suggest that different mechanisms of soil organic matter accumulation explain the contrasting impacts of EcM dominance on topsoil properties of temperate and tropical biomes. Global vegetation and C models should account for the contrasting impacts of distinct mycorrhizal vegetation in different climatic zones. Stichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen [016.161.318]

Published
2022

16. Desiccation Avoidance and Hummock Formation Traits of rich fen Bryophytes

Author

Ewa Jabłońska, Wiktor Kotowski, and Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia

Subjects
Ecology, Environmental Chemistry, General Environmental Science
Abstract

The aim of this study was to understand the variation in traits relevant for desiccation avoidance among bryophyte species dominant in rich fens and to assess whether these traits explain the formation of a hummock-hollow gradient within peatlands. In samples of 10 species (Aulacomnium palustre, Calliergonella cuspidata, Climacium dendroides, Hamatocaulis vernicosus, Helodium blandowii, Marchantia polymorpha, Plagiomnium ellipticum, Sphagnum teres, S. warnstorfii, Tomentypnum nitens) collected in rich fens of NE Poland, we calculated: canopy bulk density of wet (CDW) and dry (CDD) colonies, maximum water content of bryophyte colonies (WCmax), desiccation rate (K), shoot area index (SAI), canopy dry mass per surface-projected area (CMA), and specific leaf area of a whole living bryophyte part (SLA). The hummock-forming frequency was quantified for each species in the field. Sphagna had the highest WCmax, SAI and CDW, T. nitens and C. dendroides had the lowest WCmax and SLA, P. ellipticum had the highest K, the lowest CMA and CDD. Hummock-forming frequency was positively correlated with CMA and generally negatively related to K, with exception of H. vernicosus showing a high water-retaining ability (low K) despite a hollow or lawn form of growth.

Published
2023

19. High exposure of global tree diversity to human pressure

Author

Wen-Yong Guo, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Franziska Schrodt, Wolf L. Eiserhardt, Brian S. Maitner, Cory Merow, Cyrille Violle, Madhur Anand, Michaël Belluau, Hans Henrik Bruun, Chaeho Byun, Jane A. Catford, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Eduardo Chacón-Madrigal, Daniela Ciccarelli, J. Hans C. Cornelissen, Anh Tuan Dang-Le, Angel de Frutos, Arildo S. Dias, Aelton B. Giroldo, Kun Guo, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Wesley Hattingh, Tianhua He, Peter Hietz, Nate Hough-Snee, Steven Jansen, Jens Kattge, Tamir Klein, Benjamin Komac, Nathan J. B. Kraft, Koen Kramer, Sandra Lavorel, Christopher H. Lusk, Adam R. Martin, Maurizio Mencuccini, Sean T. Michaletz, Vanessa Minden, Akira S. Mori, Ülo Niinemets, Yusuke Onoda, Josep Peñuelas, Valério D. Pillar, Jan Pisek, Bjorn J. M. Robroek, Brandon Schamp, Martijn Slot, Ênio Egon Sosinski, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Nelson Thiffault, Peter van Bodegom, Fons van der Plas, Ian J. Wright, Wu-Bing Xu, Jingming Zheng, Brian J. Enquist, Jens-Christian Svenning, Aarhus University [Aarhus], East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Royal Botanic Gardens [Kew], Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Tucson] (EEB), University of Arizona, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Département des Science, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Andong National University, King‘s College London, Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese] (Uninsubria), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Cearà, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Schrodt, Franziska/0000-0001-9053-8872, Bruun, Hans, Henrik/0000-0003-0674-2577, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda/0000-0002-9584-2109, He, Tianhua/0000-0002-0924-3637, Adam/0000-0002-7207-4004, Serra-Diaz, Josep M/0000-0003-1988-1154, Guo, Wen-Yong, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Schrodt, Franziska, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Maitner, Brian S., Merow, Cory, Violle, Cyrille, Anand, Madhur, Belluau, Michael, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Chacon-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, de Frutos, Angel, Dias, Arildo S., Giroldo, Aelton B., Guo, Kun, Gutierrez, Alvaro G., Hattingh, Wesley, He , Tianhua, Hietz, Peter, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Klein , Tamir, Komac, Benjamin, Kraft, Nathan J. B., Kramer, Koen, Lavorel, Sandra, Lusk, Christopher H., Martin, Adam R., Mencuccini, Maurizio, Michaletz, Sean T., Minden, Vanessa, Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ulo, Onoda, Yusuke, Penuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valerio D., Pisek, Jan, Robroek, Bjorn J. M., Schamp, Brandon, Slot, Martijn, Sosinski, Enio Egon, SOUDZILOVSKAIA, Nadia, Thiffault, Nelson, van Bodegom, Peter, van der Plas, Fons, Wright, Ian J., Xu, Wu-Bing, Zheng, Jingming, Enquist, Brian J., Svenning, Jens-Christian, Systems Ecology, WEN-YONG GUO, JOSEP M. SERRA-DIAZE, FRANZISKA SCHRODTF, WOLF L. EISERHARDT, BRIAN S. MAITNER, CORY MEROW, CYRILLE VIOLLEJ, MADHUR ANAND, MICHA?EL BELLUAU, HANS HENRIK BRUUN, CHAEHO BYUN, JANE A. CATFORD, BRUNO E. L. CERABOLINI, EDUARDO CHACÓN-MADRIGAL, DANIELA CICCARELLI, J. HANS C. CORNELISSEN, ANH TUAN DANG-LE, ANGEL DE FRUTOS, ARILDO S. DIAS, AELTON B. GIROLDO, KUN GUO, ALVARO G. GUTIÉRREZ, WESLEY HATTINGH, TIANHUA HE, PETER HIETZ, NATE HOUGH-SNEE, STEVEN JANSEN, JENS KATTGE, TAMIR KLEIN, BENJAMIN KOMAC, NATHAN J. B. KRAFT, KOEN KRAMER, SANDRA LAVOREL, CHRISTOPHER H. LUSK, ADAM R. MARTIN, MAURIZIO MENCUCCINI, SEAN T. MICHALETZ, VANESSA MINDENT, AKIRA S. MORI, ÜLO NIINEMETS, YUSUKE ONODA, JOSEP PEÑUELAS, VALÉRIO D. PILLAR, JAN PISEK, BJORN J. M. ROBROEK, BRANDON SCHAMP, MARTIJN SLOT, ENIO EGON SOSINSKI JUNIOR, CPACT, NADEJDA A. SOUDZILOVSKAIA, NELSON THIFFAULT, PETER VAN BODEGOM, FONS VAN DER PLAS, IAN J. WRIGHT, WU-BING XU, JINGMING ZHENG, BRIAN J. ENQUIST, JENS-CHRISTIAN SVENNING., Biology, and General Botany and Nature Management

Subjects
Conservation of Natural Resources, Life on Land, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Trees, Filosofie, tree species, Humans, biodiversity j conservation frameworks j land use j protected areas j tree species, Área protegida, Ecosystem, Phylogeny, SDG 15 - Life on Land, biodiversity, Multidisciplinary, conservation frameworks, Conservação, Anthropogenic Effects, Biodiversidade, Aquatic Ecology, land use, Árvore, Philosophy, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, protected areas
Abstract

Safeguarding Earth?s tree diversity is a conservation priority due to the importance of trees for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services such as carbon sequestration. Here, we improve the foundation for effective conservation of global tree diversity by analyzing a recently developed database of tree species covering 46,752 species. We quantify range protection and anthropogenic pressures for each species and develop conservation priorities across taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity dimensions. We also assess the effectiveness of several influential proposed conservation prioritization frameworks to protect the top 17% and top 50% of tree priority areas. We find that an average of 50.2% of a tree species? range occurs in 110-km grid cells without any protected areas (PAs), with 6,377 small-range tree species fully unprotected, and that 83% of tree species experience nonnegligible human pressure across their range on average. Protecting highpriority areas for the top 17% and 50% priority thresholds would increase the average protected proportion of each tree species? range to 65.5% and 82.6%, respectively, leaving many fewer species (2,151 and 2,010) completely unprotected. The priority areas identified for trees match well to the Global 200 Ecoregions framework, revealing that priority areas for trees would in large part also optimize protection for terrestrial biodiversity overall. Based on range estimates for >46,000 tree species, our findings show that a large proportion of tree species receive limited protection by current PAs and are under substantial human pressure. Improved protection of biodiversity overall would also strongly benefit global tree diversity. Made available in DSpace on 2022-06-21T15:23:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guo-et-al.-2022-PNAS-High-exposure-of-global-tree-diversity-to-human-pressure.pdf: 2523289 bytes, checksum: 245be3df3fb487ed152d25bf50f4e984 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Published
2022

20. Towards understanding diversity, endemicity and global change vulnerability of soil fungi

Author

Leho Tedersoo, Vladimir Mikryukov, Alexander Zizka, Mohammad Bahram, Niloufar Hagh-Doust, Sten Anslan, Oleh Prylutskyi, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, Fernando T. Maestre, Jaan Pärn, Maarja Öpik, Mari Moora, Martin Zobel, Mikk Espenberg, Ülo Mander, Abdul Nasir Khalid, Adriana Corrales, Ahto Agan, Aída-M. Vasco-Palacios, Alessandro Saitta, Andrea C. Rinaldi, Annemieke Verbeken, Bobby P. Sulistyo, Boris Tamgnoue, Brendan Furneaux, Camila Duarte Ritter, Casper Nyamukondiwa, Cathy Sharp, César Marín, Daniyal Gohar, Darta Klavina, Dipon Sharmah, Dong Qin Dai, Eduardo Nouhra, Elisabeth Machteld Biersma, Elisabeth Rähn, Erin K. Cameron, Eske De Crop, Eveli Otsing, Evgeny A. Davydov, Felipe E. Albornoz, Francis Q. Brearley, Franz Buegger, Geoffrey Zahn, Gregory Bonito, Inga Hiiesalu, Isabel C. Barrio, Jacob Heilmann-Clausen, Jelena Ankuda, John Y. Kupagme, Jose G. Maciá-Vicente, Joseph Djeugap Fovo, József Geml, Juha M. Alatalo, Julieta Alvarez-Manjarrez, Kadri Põldmaa, Kadri Runnel, Kalev Adamson, Kari Anne Bråthen, Karin Pritsch, Kassim I. Tchan, Kęstutis Armolaitis, Kevin D. Hyde, Kevin K. Newsham, Kristel Panksep, Adebola A. Lateef, Liis Tiirmann, Linda Hansson, Louis J. Lamit, Malka Saba, Maria Tuomi, Marieka Gryzenhout, Marijn Bauters, Meike Piepenbring, Nalin Wijayawardene, Nourou S. Yorou, Olavi Kurina, Peter E. Mortimer, Peter Meidl, Petr Kohout, R. Henrik Nilsson, Rasmus Puusepp, Rein Drenkhan, Roberto Garibay-Orijel, Roberto Godoy, Saad Alkahtani, Saleh Rahimlou, Sergey V. Dudov, Sergei Põlme, Soumya Ghosh, Sunil Mundra, Talaat Ahmed, Tarquin Netherway, Terry W. Henkel, Tomas Roslin, Vincent Nteziryayo, Vladimir E. Fedosov, Vladimir G. Onipchenko, W. A. Erandi Yasanthika, Young Woon Lim, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Alexandre Antonelli, Urmas Kõljalg, and Kessy Abarenkov

Abstract

SummaryFungi play pivotal roles in ecosystem functioning, but little is known about their global patterns of diversity, endemicity, vulnerability to global change drivers and conservation priority areas. We applied the high-resolution PacBio sequencing technique to identify fungi based on a long DNA marker that revealed a high proportion of hitherto unknown fungal taxa. We used a Global Soil Mycobiome consortium dataset to test relative performance of various sequencing depth standardization methods (calculation of residuals, exclusion of singletons, traditional and SRS rarefaction, use of Shannon index of diversity) to find optimal protocols for statistical analyses. Altogether, we used six global surveys to infer these patterns for soil-inhabiting fungi and their functional groups. We found that residuals of log-transformed richness (including singletons) against log-transformed sequencing depth yields significantly better model estimates compared with most other standardization methods. With respect to global patterns, fungal functional groups differed in the patterns of diversity, endemicity and vulnerability to main global change predictors. Unlike α-diversity, endemicity and global-change vulnerability of fungi and most functional groups were greatest in the tropics. Fungi are vulnerable mostly to drought, heat, and land cover change. Fungal conservation areas of highest priority include wetlands and moist tropical ecosystems.

Published
2022

21. Implementation of mycorrhizal mechanisms into soil carbon model improves the prediction of long-term processes of plant litter decomposition

Author

Jari Liski, Peter M. van Bodegom, Toni Viskari, Weilin Huang, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, HUANG, Weilin, van Bodegom, Peter M., Viskari, Toni, Liski, Jari, and SOUDZILOVSKAIA, Nadia

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Soil Carbon Circulation, Litter Decomposition, chemistry.chemical_element, Soil carbon, Vegetation, Plant litter, Carbon sequestration, Modelling, Mycorrhizal Fungi, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Litter, Environmental science, Organic matter, Ecosystem, Carbon, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

Ecosystems have distinct soil carbon dynamics, including litter decomposition, depending on whether they are dominated by plants featuring ectomycorrhizae (EM) or arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM). However, current soil carbon models treat mycorrhizal impacts on the processes of soil carbon transformation as a black box. We re-formulated the soil carbon model Yasso15 and incorporated impacts of mycorrhizal vegetation on topsoil carbon pools of different recalcitrance. We examined alternative conceptualizations of mycorrhizal impacts on transformations of labile and stable carbon and quantitatively assessed the performance of the selected optimal model in terms of the long-term fate of plant litter 10 years following litter input. We found that mycorrhizal impacts on labile carbon pools are distinct from those on recalcitrant pools. Plant litter of the same chemical composition decomposes slower when exposed to EM-dominated ecosystems compared to AM-dominated ones, and across time, EM-dominated ecosystems accumulate more recalcitrant residues of non-decomposed litter. Overall, adding our mycorrhizal module into the Yasso model improved the accuracy of the temporal dynamics of carbon sequestration predictions. Our results suggest that mycorrhizal impacts on litter decomposition are underpinned by distinct decomposition pathways in AM- and EM-dominated ecosystems. A sensitivity analysis of litter decomposition to climate and mycorrhizal factors indicated that ignoring the mycorrhizal impact on decomposition leads to an overestimation of climate impacts on decomposition dynamics Our new model provides a benchmark for quantitative modelling of microbial impacts on soil carbon dynamics. It helps to determine the relative importance of mycorrhizal associations and climate on litter decomposition rate and reduces the uncertainties in estimating soil carbon sequestration. We gratefully acknowledge the researchers whose data and model are used in the analyses. We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. Weilin Huang is grateful to the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for providing financial support (grant no. 201706040071)

Published
2022

23. Soil Biota Adversely Affect the Resistance and Recovery of Plant Communities Subjected to Drought

Author

Chenguang Gao, Peter M. van Bodegom, T. Martijn Bezemer, Michiel P. Veldhuis, Riccardo Mancinelli, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Terrestrial Ecology (TE), Gao, CG, van Bodegom, PM, Bezemer, TM, Veldhuis, MP, Mancinelli, R, and SOUDZILOVSKAIA, Nadia

Subjects
resistance, recovery, Ecology, Environmental Chemistry, water availability, sensitivity, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, plant-soil interactions, succession
Abstract

Climate change predictions indicate that summer droughts will become more severe and frequent. Yet, the impact of soil communities on the response of plant communities to drought remains unclear. Here, we report the results of a novel field experiment, in which we manipulated soil communities by adding soil inocula originating from different successional stages of coastal dune ecosystems to a plant community established from seeds on bare dune sand. We tested if and how the added soil biota from later-successional ecosystems influenced the sensitivity (resistance and recovery) of plant communities to drought. In contrast to our expectations, soil biota from later-successional soil inocula did not improve the resistance and recovery of plant communities subjected to drought. Instead, inoculation with soil biota from later successional stages reduced the post-drought recovery of plant communities, suggesting that competition for limited nutrients between plant community and soil biota may exacerbate the post-drought recovery of plant communities. Moreover, soil pathogens present in later-successional soil inocula may have impeded plant growth after drought. Soil inocula had differential impacts on the drought sensitivity of specific plant functional groups and individual species. However, the sensitivity of individual species and functional groups to drought was idiosyncratic and did not explain the overall composition of the plant community. Based on the field experimental evidence, our results highlight the adverse role soil biota can play on plant community responses to environmental stresses. These outcomes indicate that impacts of soil biota on the stability of plant communities subjected to drought are highly context-dependent and suggest that in some cases the soil biota activity can even destabilize plant community biomass responses to drought.

Published
2022

24. Global patterns in endemicity and vulnerability of soil fungi

Author

Leho Tedersoo, Vladimir Mikryukov, Alexander Zizka, Mohammad Bahram, Niloufar Hagh‐Doust, Sten Anslan, Oleh Prylutskyi, Manuel Delgado‐Baquerizo, Fernando T. Maestre, Jaan Pärn, Maarja Öpik, Mari Moora, Martin Zobel, Mikk Espenberg, Ülo Mander, Abdul Nasir Khalid, Adriana Corrales, Ahto Agan, Aída‐M. Vasco‐Palacios, Alessandro Saitta, Andrea C. Rinaldi, Annemieke Verbeken, Bobby P. Sulistyo, Boris Tamgnoue, Brendan Furneaux, Camila Duarte Ritter, Casper Nyamukondiwa, Cathy Sharp, César Marín, Daniyal Gohar, Darta Klavina, Dipon Sharmah, Dong Qin Dai, Eduardo Nouhra, Elisabeth Machteld Biersma, Elisabeth Rähn, Erin K. Cameron, Eske De Crop, Eveli Otsing, Evgeny A. Davydov, Felipe E. Albornoz, Francis Q. Brearley, Franz Buegger, Geoffrey Zahn, Gregory Bonito, Inga Hiiesalu, Isabel C. Barrio, Jacob Heilmann‐Clausen, Jelena Ankuda, John Y. Kupagme, Jose G. Maciá‐Vicente, Joseph Djeugap Fovo, József Geml, Juha M. Alatalo, Julieta Alvarez‐Manjarrez, Kadri Põldmaa, Kadri Runnel, Kalev Adamson, Kari Anne Bråthen, Karin Pritsch, Kassim I. Tchan, Kęstutis Armolaitis, Kevin D. Hyde, Kevin K. Newsham, Kristel Panksep, Adebola A. Lateef, Liis Tiirmann, Linda Hansson, Louis J. Lamit, Malka Saba, Maria Tuomi, Marieka Gryzenhout, Marijn Bauters, Meike Piepenbring, Nalin Wijayawardene, Nourou S. Yorou, Olavi Kurina, Peter E. Mortimer, Peter Meidl, Petr Kohout, Rolf Henrik Nilsson, Rasmus Puusepp, Rein Drenkhan, Roberto Garibay‐Orijel, Roberto Godoy, Saad Alkahtani, Saleh Rahimlou, Sergey V. Dudov, Sergei Põlme, Soumya Ghosh, Sunil Mundra, Talaat Ahmed, Tarquin Netherway, Terry W. Henkel, Tomas Roslin, Vincent Nteziryayo, Vladimir E. Fedosov, Vladimir G. Onipchenko, W. A. Erandi Yasanthika, Young Woon Lim, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Alexandre Antonelli, Urmas Kõljalg, Kessy Abarenkov, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio 'Ramón Margalef', Laboratorio de Ecología de Zonas Áridas y Cambio Global (DRYLAB), Estonian Science Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Tedersoo, Leho, Zizka, Alexander, Hagh-Doust, Niloufar, Anslan, Sten, Prylutskyi. Oleh, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Maestre, Fernando T., Moora, Mari, Zobel, Martin, Espenberg, Mikk, Mander, Ülo, Khalid, Abdul Nasir, Corrales, Adriana, Agan, Ahto, Vasco-Palacios, Aída-M., Saitta, A., Sulistyo, Bobby P., Furneaux, Brendan, Duarte Ritter, Camila, Nyamukondiwa, Casper, Marín, César, Gohar, Daniyal, Klavina, Darta, Dai, Dong Qin, Machteld Biersma, Elisabeth, Otsing. Eveli, Davydov, Evgeniy A., Albornoz, Felipe E., Buegger, Franz, Zahn, Geoffrey, Bonito, Gregory, Hiiesalu, Inga, Barrio, Isabel C., Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob, Kupagme, John Y., Maciá-Vicente, Jose G., Geml, József, Alatalo, Juha M., Álvarez-Manjarrez, Julieta, Põldmaa, Kadri, Runnel, Kadrid, Bråthen, Kari Anne, Pritsch, Karin, Armolaitis, Kęstutis, Panksep, Kristel, Lateef, Adebola A., Saba, M., Tuomi, Maria W., Gryzenhout, M., Bauters, Marijn, Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Yorou, Nourou S., Kurina, Olavi, Kohout, Petr, Nilsson, R. H., Garibay-Orijel, Roberto, Rahimlou, Saleh, Ghosh, Soumya, Mundra, Sunil, Netherway, Tarquin, Henkel, Terry W., Roslin, Tomas, Fedosov, V., Lim, Young Woon, Antonelli, Alexandre, Koljalg, Urmas, Abarenkov, K., Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Alvarez-Manjarrez, Julieta/0000-0002-5581-7443, Espenberg, Mikk/0000-0003-0469-6394, Marin, Cesar/0000-0002-2529-8929, Mikryukov, Vladimir, Bahram, Mohammad, Prylutskyi, Oleh, Parn, Jaan, Opik, Maarja, Mander, Ulo, Vasco-Palacios, Aida-M, Saitta, Alessandro, Rinaldi, Andrea C., Verbeken, Annemieke, Tamgnoue, Boris, Ritter, Camila Duarte, Sharp, Cathy, Marin, Cesar, Sharmah, Dipon, Nouhra, Eduardo, Biersma, Elisabeth Machteld, Rahn, Elisabeth, Cameron, Erin K., De Crop, Eske, Otsing, Eveli, Davydov, Evgeny A., Brearley, Francis Q., Ankuda, Jelena, Macia-Vicente, Jose G., Fovo, Joseph Djeugap, Geml, Jozsef, Alvarez-Manjarrez, Julieta, Poldmaa, Kadri, Runnel, Kadri, Adamson, Kalev, Brathen, Kari Anne, Tchan, Kassim, I, Hyde, Kevin D., Newsham, Kevin K., Tiirmann, Liis, Hansson, Linda, Lamit, Louis J., Saba, Malka, Tuomi, Maria, Gryzenhout, Marieka, Piepenbring, Meike, Wijayawardene, Nalin, Mortimer, Peter E., Meidl, Peter, Nilsson, Rolf Henrik, Puusepp, Rasmus, Drenkhan, Rein, Godoy, Roberto, Alkahtani, Saad, Dudov, Sergey, V, Polme, Sergei, Ahmed , Talaat, Nteziryayo, Vincent, Fedosov, Vladimir E., Onipchenko, Vladimir G., Yasanthika, W. A. Erandi, SOUDZILOVSKAIA, Nadia, Abarenkov, Kessy, Tedersoo, Leho [0000-0002-1635-1249], Zizka, Alexander [0000-0002-1680-9192, Hagh-Doust, Niloufar [0000-0003-0616-5829], Anslan, Sten [0000-0002-2299-454X], Prylutskyi. Oleh [0000-0001-5730-517X], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], Moora, Mari [0000-0002-4819-7506], Zobel, Martin [0000-0001-7957-6704], Espenberg, Mikk [0000-0003-0469-6394], Mander, Ülo [Mander, Ülo], Khalid, Abdul Nasir [0000-0002-5635-8031], Corrales, Adriana [0000-0001-9885-4634], Agan, Ahto [0000-0001-9010-8944], Vasco-Palacios, Aída-M. [0000-0003-0539-9711], Saitta, A. [0000-0002-5670-7780], Sulistyo, Bobby P. [0000-0002-5203-4822], Furneaux, Brendan [0000-0003-3522-7363], Duarte Ritter, Camila [0000-0002-3371-7425], Nyamukondiwa, Casper [0000-0002-0395-4980], Marín, César [0000-0002-2529-8929], Gohar, Daniyal [0000-0003-0312-1142], Klavina, Darta [0000-0002-1455-9062], Dai, Dong Qin [0000-0001-8935-8807], Machteld Biersma, Elisabeth [0000-0002-9877-2177], Otsing. Eveli [0000-0001-7416-257X], Davydov, Evgeniy A. [0000-0002-2316-8506], Albornoz, Felipe E. [0000-0001-9526-0945], Buegger, Franz [0000-0003-3526-4711], Zahn, Geoffrey []0000-0002-8691-692X, Bonito, Gregory [0000-0002-7262-8978], Hiiesalu, Inga [0000-0002-5457-2376], Barrio, Isabel C. [0000-0002-8120-5248], Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob [0000-0003-4713-6004], Kupagme, John Y. [0000-0002-9981-050X], Maciá-Vicente, Jose G. [0000-0002-7174-7270], Geml, József [0000-0001-8745-0423], Alatalo, Juha M. [0000-0001-5084-850X], Álvarez-Manjarrez, Julieta [0000-0002-5581-7443], Põldmaa, Kadri [0000-0002-7936-2455], Runnel, Kadrid [0000-0002-7308-3623], Bråthen, Kari Anne [0000-0003-0942-1074], Pritsch, Karin [0000-0001-6384-2473], Armolaitis, Kęstutis [0000-0001-8295-2440], Panksep, Kristel [0000-0003-4743-6111], Lateef, Adebola A. [0000-0002-0510-7996], Saba, M. [0000-0001-7673-2345], Tuomi, Maria W. [0000-0002-7154-5177], Gryzenhout, M. [0000-0002-9224-4277], Bauters, Marijn [0000-0003-0978-6639], Wijayawardene, Nalin N. [0000-0003-0522-5498], Yorou, Nourou S. [0000-0001-6997-811X], Kurina, Olavi [0000-0002-4858-4629], Kohout, Petr [0000-0002-3985-2310], Nilsson, R. H. [0000-0002-8052-0107], Garibay-Orijel, Roberto [0000-0002-6977-7550], Rahimlou, Saleh [0000-0003-0427-1329], Ghosh, Soumya [0000-0002-4945-3516], Mundra, Sunil [0000-0002-0535-118X], Netherway, Tarquin [0000-0002-9049-9225], Henkel, Terry W. [0000-0001-9760-8837], Roslin, Tomas [0000-0002-2957-4791], Fedosov, V. [0000-0002-5331-6346], Lim, Young Woon [0000-0003-2864-3449], Antonelli, Alexandre [0000-0003-1842-9297], Koljalg, Urmas [0000-0002-5171-1668], and Abarenkov, K. [0000-0001-5526-4845

Subjects
DIVERSITY, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Forests, conservation priorities, Soil, Mycorrhizae, Biodiversity, Biogeography, Climate Change, Conservation Priorities, Global Change Vulnerability, Global Maps, Mycorrhizal Fungi, Pathogens, Saprotrophs, global change vulnerability, global maps, mycorrhizal fungi, pathogens, Animals, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES, ADAPTATION, saprotrophs, TEMPERATURE, Ecosystem, Soil Microbiology, biogeography, General Environmental Science, biodiversity, Ekologi, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI, SPECIES RICHNESS, Fungi, Biology and Life Sciences, CLIMATE-CHANGE MITIGATION, Plants, Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use, climate change, Earth and Environmental Sciences, BACTERIA, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, COMMUNITIES
Abstract

15 páginas.- 6 figuras.- 93 referencias, Fungi are highly diverse organisms, which provide multiple ecosystem services. However, compared with charismatic animals and plants, the distribution patterns and conservation needs of fungi have been little explored. Here, we examined endemicity patterns, global change vulnerability and conservation priority areas for functional groups of soil fungi based on six global surveys using a high-resolution, long-read metabarcoding approach. We found that the endemicity of all fungi and most functional groups peaks in tropical habitats, including Amazonia, Yucatan, West-Central Africa, Sri Lanka, and New Caledonia, with a negligible island effect compared with plants and animals. We also found that fungi are predominantly vulnerable to drought, heat and land-cover change, particularly in dry tropical regions with high human population density. Fungal conservation areas of highest priority include herbaceous wetlands, tropical forests, and woodlands. We stress that more attention should be focused on the conservation of fungi, especially root symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi in tropical regions as well as unicellular early-diverging groups and macrofungi in general. Given the low overlap between the endemicity of fungi and macroorganisms, but high conservation needs in both groups, detailed analyses on distribution and conservation requirements are warranted for other microorganisms and soil organisms., The bulk of the funding is derived from the Estonian Science Foundation (grants PRG632, PRG1170, PRG1615, MOBTP198), EEA Financial Mechanism Baltic Research Programme (EMP442), and Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF20OC0059948).

Published
2022

25. Mycelium chemistry differs markedly between ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Author

Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Stéphane Declerck, Jari Liski, Toni Viskari, Marco Cosme, Weilin Huang, Jussi Heinonsalo, Peter M. van Bodegom, Ilmatieteen laitos, Finnish Meteorological Institute, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Department of Forest Sciences, Forest Ecology and Management, Department of Microbiology, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Jussi Heinonsalo / Principal Investigator, Forest Soil Science and Biogeochemistry, Ecosystem processes (INAR Forest Sciences), and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)

Subjects
STABILIZATION, hiili, forest litter, Medicine (miscellaneous), mycorrhiza, Genetics and Molecular Biology, karike, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, BIOMASS, soil, LITTER DECOMPOSITION, Mycorrhizae, Botany, mykorritsasienet, kasvit, chemical composition, mykorritsa, PLANT, Mycelium, 11832 Microbiology and virology, maaperä, SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER, Chemistry, plants, carbon, fungi, kemiallinen koostumus, MICROBIAL EFFICIENCY, MODEL, mycorrhizal fungi, General Biochemistry, mycelium, TURNOVER, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, sienet, FRACTIONS, sienirihmastot
Abstract

Chemical profiles of arbuscular (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi reveal that differences in decomposability-relevant chemistry are larger between AM and EM fungi than across plant functional groups. The chemical quality of soil carbon (C) inputs is a major factor controlling litter decomposition and soil C dynamics. Mycorrhizal fungi constitute one of the dominant pools of soil microbial C, while their litter quality (chemical proxies of litter decomposability) is understood poorly, leading to major uncertainties in estimating soil C dynamics. We examined litter decomposability of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal species using samples obtained from in vitro cultivation. We showed that the chemical composition of AM and EM fungal mycelium differs significantly: EM fungi have higher concentrations of labile (water-soluble, ethanol-soluble) and recalcitrant (non-extractable) chemical components, while AM fungi have higher concentrations of acid-hydrolysable components. Our results imply that differences in decomposability traits among mycorrhizal fungal guilds represent a critically important driver of the soil C cycle, which could be as vital as is recognized for differences among aboveground plant litter. This research was supported by the Vidi grant 016.161.318 (issued to N.A.S. by The Netherlands Organization for Scientific research) and China Scholarship Council (CSC, grant No. 201706040071 issued to W.H.). M.C. was supported by the European Commission’s grant H2020-MSCA-IF-2018 ‘SYMBIO-INC’ (GA 838525). T.V., J.L., and J.H. were supported by the Strategic Research Council at the Academy of Finland (decision 327214, 327342) and the Nessling foundation TWINWIN project. We appreciate the Natural Resources Institute Finland and Prof. Hannu Fritze for supporting chemical analysis. We would like to thank colleagues of the Soil-process group and Chen Li (CML, Leiden University) for discussions. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions.

Published
2022

26. Climatic and soil factors explain the two-dimensional spectrum of global plant trait variation

Author

Julia S. Joswig, Christian Wirth, Meredith C. Schuman, Jens Kattge, Björn Reu, Ian J. Wright, Sebastian D. Sippel, Nadja Rüger, Ronny Richter, Michael E. Schaepman, Peter M. van Bodegom, J. H. C. Cornelissen, Sandra Díaz, Wesley N. Hattingh, Koen Kramer, Frederic Lens, Ülo Niinemets, Peter B. Reich, Markus Reichstein, Christine Römermann, Franziska Schrodt, Madhur Anand, Michael Bahn, Chaeho Byun, Giandiego Campetella, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Joseph M. Craine, Andres Gonzalez-Melo, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Tianhua He, Pedro Higuchi, Hervé Jactel, Nathan J. B. Kraft, Vanessa Minden, Vladimir Onipchenko, Josep Peñuelas, Valério D. Pillar, Ênio Sosinski, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Evan Weiher, Miguel D. Mahecha, JULIA S. JOSWIG, SEBASTIAN D. SIPPEL, NADJA RÜGER, RONNY RICHTER, MICHAEL E. SCHAEPMAN, PETER M. VAN BODEGOM, J. H. C. CORNELISSEN, SANDRA DÍAZ, WESLEY N. HATTINGH, KOEN KRAMER, FREDERIC LENS, ÜLO NIINEMETS, PETER B. REICH, MARKUS REICHSTEIN, CHRISTINE RÖMERMANN, FRANZISKA SCHRODT, MADHUR ANAND, MICHAEL BAHN, CHAEHO BYUN, GIANDIEGO CAMPETELLA, BRUNO E. L. CERABOLINI, JOSEPH M. CRAINE, ANDRES GONZALEZ-MELO, ALVARO G. GUTIÉRREZ, TIANHUA HE, PEDRO HIGUCHI, HERVÉ JACTEL, NATHAN J. B. KRAFT, VANESSA MINDEN, VLADIMIR ONIPCHENKO, JOSEP PEÑUELAS, ENIO EGON SOSINSKI JUNIOR, Cenargen, NADEJDA A. SOUDZILOVSKAIA, EVAN WEIHER, MIGUEL D. MAHECHA., VALÉRIO D. PILLAR, CHRISTIAN WIRTH, MEREDITH C. SCHUMAN, JENS KATTGE, BJÖRN REU, IAN J. WRIGHT, Mahecha, Miguel D/0000-0003-3031-613X, Bahn, Michael/0000-0001-7482-9776, De Patta Pillar, Valerio/0000-0001-6408-2891, Schuman, Meredith/0000-0003-3159-3534, Joswig, Julia S., Wirth, Christian, Schuman, Meredith C., Kattge, Jens, Reu, Bjorn, Wright, Ian J., Sippel, Sebastian D., Rueger, Nadja, Richter, Ronny, Schaepman, Michael E., van Bodegom, Peter M., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Diaz, Sandra, Hattingh, Wesley N., Kramer, Koen, Lens, Frederic, Niinemets, Ulo, Reich, Peter B., Reichstein, Markus, Roemermann, Christine, Schrodt, Franziska, Anand, Madhur, Bahn, Michael, Byun, Chaeho, Campetella, Giandiego, Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Craine, Joseph M., Gonzalez-Melo, Andres, Gutierrez, Alvaro G., He , Tianhua, Higuchi, Pedro, Jactel, Herve, Kraft, Nathan J. B., Minden, Vanessa, Onipchenko, Vladimir, Penuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valerio D., Sosinski, Enio, SOUDZILOVSKAIA, Nadia, Weiher, Evan, Mahecha, Miguel D., and Systems Ecology

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Planta, Vegetação, Ecophysiology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Mudança Climática, Meio Ambiente, Soil, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Life Science, Macroecology, Plant ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, Biodiversidade, 15. Life on land, Plants, Plant Leaves, Solo, Phenotype, Biogeography, 13. Climate action, Technologie and Innovatie, Knowledge Technology and Innovation, Kennis, Clima, Kennis, Technologie and Innovatie, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Plant functional traits can predict community assembly and ecosystem functioning and are thus widely used in global models of vegetation dynamics and land–climate feedbacks. Still, we lack a global understanding of how land and climate affect plant traits. A previous global analysis of six traits observed two main axes of variation: (1) size variation at the organ and plant level and (2) leaf economics balancing leaf persistence against plant growth potential. The orthogonality of these two axes suggests they are differently influenced by environmental drivers. We find that these axes persist in a global dataset of 17 traits across more than 20,000 species. We find a dominant joint effect of climate and soil on trait variation. Additional independent climate effects are also observed across most traits, whereas independent soil effects are almost exclusively observed for economics traits. Variation in size traits correlates well with a latitudinal gradient related to water or energy limitation. In contrast, variation in economics traits is better explained by interactions of climate with soil fertility. These findings have the potential to improve our understanding of biodiversity patterns and our predictions of climate change impacts on biogeochemical cycles., Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6 (1), ISSN:2397-334X

Published
2021

27. Can bryophyte groups increase functional resolution in tundra ecosystems?1

Author

Signe Lett, Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir, Antoine Becker-Scarpitta, Casper T. Christiansen, Heinjo During, Flemming Ekelund, Gregory H.R. Henry, Simone I. Lang, Anders Michelsen, Kathrin Rousk, Juha M. Alatalo, Katlyn R. Betway, Sara B. Rui, Terry Callaghan, Michele Carbognani, Elisabeth J. Cooper, J. Hans C. Cornelissen, Ellen Dorrepaal, Dagmar Egelkraut, Tatiana G. Elumeeva, Siri V. Haugum, Robert D. Hollister, Annika K. Jägerbrand, Frida Keuper, Kari Klanderud, Esther Lévesque, Xin Liu, Jeremy May, Pascale Michel, Martin Mörsdorf, Alessandro Petraglia, Christian Rixen, Bjorn J.M. Robroek, Agnieszka M. Rzepczynska, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Anne Tolvanen, Vigdis Vandvik, Igor Volkov, Irina Volkova, and Kristel van Zuijlen

Subjects
mosses, Environmental sciences, mousses, water holding capacity, Arctic–Alpine, Environmental engineering, GE1-350, environmental change, functional traits, TA170-171
Abstract

The relative contribution of bryophytes to plant diversity, primary productivity, and ecosystem functioning increases towards colder climates. Bryophytes respond to environmental changes at the species level, but because bryophyte species are relatively difficult to identify, they are often lumped into one functional group. Consequently, bryophyte function remains poorly resolved. Here, we explore how higher resolution of bryophyte functional diversity can be encouraged and implemented in tundra ecological studies. We briefly review previous bryophyte functional classifications and the roles of bryophytes in tundra ecosystems and their susceptibility to environmental change. Based on shoot morphology and colony organization, we then propose twelve easily distinguishable bryophyte functional groups. To illustrate how bryophyte functional groups can help elucidate variation in bryophyte effects and responses, we compiled existing data on water holding capacity, a key bryophyte trait. Although plant functional groups can mask potentially high interspecific and intraspecific variability, we found better separation of bryophyte functional group means compared with previous grouping systems regarding water holding capacity. This suggests that our bryophyte functional groups truly represent variation in the functional roles of bryophytes in tundra ecosystems. Lastly, we provide recommendations to improve the monitoring of bryophyte community changes in tundra study sites.

Published
2021

28. Roots and rhizospheres in forest ecosystems: Recent advances and future challenges

Author

Douglas L. Godbold, Cindy E. Prescott, Ina C. Meier, Ivano Brunner, Heljä-Sisko Helmisaari, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, and Ivika Ostonen

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Nitrogen deposition, chemistry.chemical_classification, Ecology, Taiga, Soil carbon stocks, Forestry, Plant community, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, chemistry, Forest ecology, Temperate climate, Environmental science, Organic matter, 010606 plant biology & botany, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Published
2019

29. Implementation of mycorrhizal mechanism into a soil carbon model improves the prediction of long-term processes of plant litter decomposition

Author

Toni Viskari, Jari Liski, Peter M. van Bodegom, Weilin Huang, and Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia

Subjects
Plant litter decomposition, Environmental science, Soil science, Soil carbon, Mechanism (sociology), Term (time)
Abstract

Mycorrhizae, a plant-fungal symbiosis, is an important contributor to below ground-microbial interactions, and hypothesized to play a paramount role in soil carbon (C) sequestration. Ectomycorrhizae (EM) and arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are the two dominant forms of mycorrhizae featured by nearly all Earth plant species. However, the difference in the nature of their contributions to the processes of plant litter decomposition is still understood poorly. Current soil carbon models treat mycorrhizal impacts on the processes of soil carbon transformation as a black box. This retards scientific progress in mechanistic understanding of soil C dynamics.We examined four alternative conceptualizations of the mycorrhizal impact on plant litter C transformations, by integrating AM and EM fungal impacts on litter C pools of different recalcitrance into the soil carbon model Yasso15. The best performing concept featured differential impacts of EM and AM on a combined pool of labile C, being quantitatively distinct from impacts of AM and EM on a pool of recalcitrant C.Analysis of time dynamics of mycorrhizal impacts on soil C transformations demonstrated that these impacts are larger at the long-term (>2.5yrs) litter decomposition processes, compared to the short-term processes. We detected that arbuscular mycorrhizae controls shorter term decomposition of labile carbon compounds, while ectomycorrhizae dominate the long term decomposition processes of highly recalcitrant carbon elements. Overall, adding our mycorrhizal module into the Yasso model greatly improved the accuracy of the temporal dynamics of carbon sequestration.A sensitivity analysis of litter decomposition to climate and mycorrhizal factors indicated that ignoring the mycorrhizal impact on the decomposition leads to an overestimation of climate impacts. This suggests that being co-linear with climate impacts, mycorrhizal impacts could be partly hidden within climate factors in soil carbon models, reducing the capability of such models to mechanistically predict impacts of climate vs vegetation change on soil carbon dynamics.Our results provide a benchmark to mechanistic modelling of microbial impacts on soil C dynamics. This work opens new pathways to examining the impacts of land-use change and climate change on plant-microbial interactions and their role in soil C dynamics, allowing the integration of microbial processes into global vegetation models used for policy decisions on terrestrial carbon monitoring.

Published
2021

30. Root traits as drivers of plant and ecosystem functioning: current understanding, pitfalls and future research needs

Author

A. Glyn Bengough, Ina C. Meier, Grégoire T. Freschet, Monique Weemstra, Jitka Klimešová, Catherine Picon-Cochard, Sarah E. Hobbie, Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna, Alexandra Weigelt, Louise H. Comas, Elison B. Blancaflor, Martin Lukac, Liesje Mommer, Arthur Gessler, David W. Johnson, Laura Rose, Iván Prieto, Marcin Zadworny, Tao Sun, Ivano Brunner, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Peter Ryser, Richard D. Bardgett, Catherine Roumet, Nina Wurzburger, Boris Rewald, M. Luke McCormack, Hendrik Poorter, Alexia Stokes, Loïc Pagès, Colleen M. Iversen, Oscar J. Valverde-Barrantes, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Gerlinde B. De Deyn, Larry M. York, Johannes A. Postma, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, ARS-USDA, USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, University of Dundee, The James Hutton Institute, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), University of Manchester [Manchester], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), University of Reading (UOR), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Center for Tree Science, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences [Hamburg], Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Macquarie University, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Georgia [USA], Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Noble Research Institute, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Anthropology [University of Minnesota], University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, University of Minnesota System, Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laurentian University, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Universiteit Leiden, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Leipzig University, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Grant Agency of the Czech Republic 1913103S, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, and Leiden University

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Root (linguistics), spatial and temporal scales, Physiology, Ecology (disciplines), belowground ecology, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, plant functions, Ecosystem, ecosystem properties and processes, environmental gradients, trait covariation, Bodembiologie, Ecology, trait causal relationships, Atmosphere, Biosphere, Research needs, Soil Biology, 15. Life on land, Plants, PE&RC, 030104 developmental biology, Phenotype, root traits, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trait, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Terrestrial ecosystem, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; The effects of plants on the biosphere, atmosphere and geosphere are key determinants of terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, despite substantial progress made regarding plant belowground components, we are still only beginning to explore the complex relationships between root traits and functions. Drawing on the literature in plant physiology, ecophysiology, ecology, agronomy and soil science, we reviewed 24 aspects of plant and ecosystem functioning and their relationships with a number of root system traits, including aspects of architecture, physiology, morphology, anatomy, chemistry, biomechanics and biotic interactions. Based on this assessment, we critically evaluated the current strengths and gaps in our knowledge, and identify future research challenges in the field of root ecology. Most importantly, we found that belowground traits with the broadest importance in plant and ecosystem functioning are not those most commonly measured. Also, the estimation of trait relative importance for functioning requires us to consider a more comprehensive range of functionally relevant traits from a diverse range of species, across environments and over time series. We also advocate that establishing causal hierarchical links among root traits will provide a hypothesis-based framework to identify the most parsimonious sets of traits with the strongest links on functions, and to link genotypes to plant and ecosystem functioning.

Published
2021

31. A starting guide to root ecology: strengthening ecological concepts and standardizing root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements

Author

Boris Rewald, Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna, Hans Lambers, Ina C. Meier, Grégoire T. Freschet, Tao Sun, A. Glyn Bengough, Marcin Zadworny, Larry M. York, Jitka Klimešová, Laura Rose, Oscar J. Valverde-Barrantes, Loïc Pagès, Monique Weemstra, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Johannes A. Postma, Eric Garnier, Ivano Brunner, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, V. G. Salmon, M. Luke McCormack, Peter Ryser, Štěpán Janeček, Moemy Gomes de Moraes, Catherine Picon-Cochard, Hendrik Poorter, Colleen M. Iversen, Alexandra Weigelt, Louise H. Comas, Elison B. Blancaflor, Catherine Roumet, Sarah A. Batterman, Arthur Gessler, Nishanth Tharayil, Nina Wurzburger, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Sarah E. Hobbie, Thomas S. Adams, Alexia Stokes, Liesje Mommer, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Swiss Federal Research Institute, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Leiden University, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Leipzig University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, University of Leeds, Federal University of Goiás [Jataí], The University of Western Australia (UWA), The Morton Arboretum, Narodowe Centrum Nauki. Grant Number: 2012/07/E/NZ9/00194, Volkswagen Foundation. Grant Number: 11-76251- 99-34/13 (ZN 2928), Natural Environment Research Council. Grant Numbers: NE/ M019497/1, NE/N012542/1, Grantová Agentura České Republiky. Grant Number: GA 19-13103S, British Council. Grant Number: 275556724, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung. Grant Number: 31003A_159866, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Grant Number: ME 4156/2-1, ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Environmental Sciences Division [Oak Ridge], UT-Battelle, LLC-UT-Battelle, LLC, Water Management and Systems Research (WMSR), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Macquarie University, The James Hutton Institute, University of Dundee, Noble Research Institut, Institut Fédéral de Recherches [Suisse], Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Hamburg, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Laurentian University, Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], University of Georgia [USA], BioSciences Division [Oak Ridge], Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Clemson University, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité expérimentale du Groupe d'Etude et de contrôle des Variétés et des Semences - INRA Avignon (GEVES Cavaillon), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES), Department of Environmental Sciences [Wageningen], Universiteit Leiden, Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing], University of Oklahoma (OU), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universität Leipzig

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Root (linguistics), Databases, Factual, Physiology, Computer science, Root ecology, Plant Science, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, trait measurements, starting guide, Protocol, below‐ground ecology, below-ground ecology, handbook, plant root functions, protocol, root classification, root ecology, root traits, Ecology, Handbook, Plants, Root traits, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, PE&RC, Phenotype, ddc:580, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trait, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Trait measurements, Ecology (disciplines), Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Context (language use), 010603 evolutionary biology, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Controlled vocabulary, Ecosystem, Protocol (science), Forum, 15. Life on land, Metadata, Root classification, standardizing root classification, Below-ground ecology, Community Resources, Plant root functions, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany, Meaning (linguistics)
Abstract

In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact on the environment, root ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep on generating cutting-edge, meaningful and integrated knowledge. Consideration of the below-ground components in plant and ecosystem studies has been consistently called for in recent decades, but methodology is disparate and sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based on the collective effort of a large team of experts, will improve trait comparisons across studies and integration of information across databases by providing standardised methods and controlled vocabularies. It is meant to be used not only as starting point by students and scientists who desire working on below-ground ecosystems, but also by experts for consolidating and broadening their views on multiple aspects of root ecology. Beyond the classical compilation of measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from the literature to provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining below-ground plant entities and giving keys for their meaningful dissection, classification and naming beyond the classical fine-root vs coarse-root approach; (2) considering the specificity of root research to produce sound laboratory and field data; (3) describing typical, but overlooked steps for studying roots (e.g. root handling, cleaning and storage); and (4) gathering metadata necessary for the interpretation of results and their reuse. Most importantly, all root traits have been introduced with some degree of ecological context that will be a foundation for understanding their ecological meaning, their typical use and uncertainties, and some methodological and conceptual perspectives for future research. Considering all of this, we urge readers not to solely extract protocol recommendations for trait measurements from this work, but to take a moment to read and reflect on the extensive information contained in this broader guide to root ecology, including sections I–VII and the many introductions to each section and root trait description. Finally, it is critical to understand that a major aim of this guide is to help break down barriers between the many subdisciplines of root ecology and ecophysiology, broaden researchers’ views on the multiple aspects of root study and create favourable conditions for the inception of comprehensive experiments on the role of roots in plant and ecosystem functioning. ISSN:0028-646X ISSN:1469-8137

Published
2021

32. Explaining discrepancies between spectral and in-situ plant diversity in multispectral satellite earth observation

Author

Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Nuno César de Sá, Niels van der Windt, Ângelo Filipe dos Reis Pereira e Cortinhas Sil, Leon T. Hauser, J. Timmermans, Peter M. van Bodegom, and Theoretical and Computational Ecology (IBED, FNWI)

Subjects
Multispectral image, Elevation, Biodiversity, Soil Science, Geology, diversity, Leaf traits, Vegetation, Species richness, Vegetation cover, Spectral diversity, Ecology, Sentinel-2, Functional, Trait, Environmental science, Ecosystem, Spatial variability, Computers in Earth Sciences, Mediterranean, PROSPECT, PROSAIL, Portugal, Global biodiversity, Diversity (business), Remote sensing
Abstract

In light of the ongoing global biodiversity crisis, the urge to monitor and map terrestrial plant biodiversity at large spatial extents has spurred research on adequate quantitative methods. The use of spectral diversity metrics from different remote sensing platforms has emerged as a promising tool for such biodiversity assessments. Satellite remote sensing presents the next frontier for implementation of these methods to assess plant diversity with spatial and temporal continuity at truly regional or global scales. However, the question of what exactly is monitored by spectral diversity metrics from relatively coarse multi-spectral satellite observations has remained largely unanswered. In this research, we examined which components contribute to satellite remotely sensed spectral diversity. We assessed the relationships between spectral diversity and in-situ taxonomic and trait diversity, and evaluated the role of confounding factors, vegetation cover, and landscape morphology (slope and elevation), in shaping these relationships. Hereto, we used Sentinel-2 imagery and in-situ field trait and species count data collected in the Montesinho-Nogueira Natura 2000 site (Portugal) together with radiative transfer models to quantify the theoretical link between in-situ trait diversity and simulated spectral diversity. Through the use of linear mixed-effect models, our results highlight that variation in vegetation cover dominates the Sentinel-2's spectral diversity signal (contributing 53-84% of the R2marginal). The vegetation cover component encompasses spatial variability in canopy architecture traits as well as the fraction of bare soil and plant litter spectra. These elements together strongly impact the overall spectral diversity signal, as shown both in our radiative transfer simulations and empirical comparisons. Next to vegetation cover, we found that taxonomic diversity is a significant predictor and covariate of spectral diversity, while the role of leaf trait diversity appeared insignificant in our multispectral dataset. Variation in vegetation cover dominated the spectral diversity signal in our study while it is not necessarily correlated with plant diversity. We, therefore, recommend that future applications of multi-spectral diversity metrics consider the impact of vegetation cover, including soil variability and the role of morphological traits, in shaping leaf trait - canopy reflectance relationships to better understand the ambiguous performance of spectral diversity as a proxy of plant diversity. This will result in higher robustness, consistency, and scalability of spectral diversity metrics for predicting in-situ plant diversity across scales, sensors, and ecosystems in regional biodiversity assessments. Ecology Fund of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (`KNAW Fonds Ecologie') [KNAWWF/807/19011]

Published
2021

33. Towards scalable estimation of plant functional diversity from Sentinel-2

Author

Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Nguyen An Binh, Leon T. Hauser, Peter M. van Bodegom, Ângelo Filipe dos Reis Pereira e Cortinhas Sil, J. Timmermans, Jean-Baptiste Féret, Niels van der Windt, Leiden University, Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Universidade do Porto, and Theoretical and Computational Ecology (IBED, FNWI)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Plant functional diversity, Chloropyll content, Computer science, Multispectral, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Canopy diversity, Soil Science, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Biodiversity Plant functional diversity Terrestrial ecosystems Remote sensing Sentinel-2 Multispectral Radiative transfer modeling PROSAIL ARTMO Traitbased Ecology Montesinho Portugal Canopy diversity LMA Leaf mass per area LAI Leaf area index CAB Chloropyll content, Terrestrial ecosystems, LMA, ARTMO, Montesinho, Computers in Earth Sciences, Leaf area index, Traitbased, Independence (probability theory), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, CAB, Ground truth, Ecology, Portugal, PROSAIL, Sampling (statistics), Geology, Inversion (meteorology), Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, Radiative transfer modeling, 020801 environmental engineering, Leaf mass per area, LAI, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trait, Satellite, Sentinel-2, Cartography, Diversity (business)
Abstract

Large-scale high-resolution satellite observations of plant functional diversity patterns will greatly benefit our ability to study ecosystem functioning. Here, we demonstrate a potentially scalable approach that uses aggregate plant traits estimated from radiative transfer model (RTM) inversion of Sentinel-2 satellite images to calculate community patterns of plant functional diversity. Trait retrieval relied on simulations and Look-up Tables (LUTs) generated by a RTM rather than heavily depending on a priori field data and data-driven statistical learning. This independence from in-situ training data benefits its scalability as relevant field data remains scarce and difficult to acquire. We ran a total of three different inversion algorithms that are representative of commonly applied approaches and we used two different metrics to calculate functional diversity. In tandem with Sentinel-2 image-based estimation of plant traits, we measured Leaf Area Index (LAI), leaf Chlorophyll content (CAB), and Leaf Mass per Area (LMA) in-situ in a (semi-)natural heterogeneous landscape (Montesinho region) located in northern Portugal. Sampling plots were scaled and georeferenced to match the satellite observed pixels and thereby allowed for a direct one-to-one posterior ground truth validation of individual traits and functional diversity. Across approaches, we observe a reasonable correspondence between the satellite-based retrievals and the insitu observations in terms of the relative distribution of individual trait means and plant functional diversity across locations despite the heterogeneity of the landscape and canopies. The functional diversity estimates, based on a combination of canopy and leaf traits, were robust against estimation biases in trait means. Particularly, the convex hull volume estimate of functional diversity showed strong concordance with in-situ observations across all three inversion methods (Spearman's rho: 0.67-0.80). The remotely sensed estimates of functional diversity also related to in-situ taxonomic diversity (Spearman's rho: 0.55-0.63). Our work highlights the potential and challenges of RTM-based functional diversity metrics to study spatial community-level ecological patterns using currently operational and publicly available Sentinel-2 imagery. While further validation and assessment across different ecosystems and larger datasets are needed, the study contributes towards a further maturation of scalable, spatially, and temporally explicit methods for functional diversity assessments from space. The authors would like to acknowledge Christian Rossi, Prof. Geof-frey M. Henebry, and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. This work was supported financially by the Ecology Fund of the RoyalNetherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (‘KNAW Fonds Ecologie’; KNAWWF/807/19011). We thank Altino Geraldes, Joao Carlos Aze-vedo, and the local farmers and foresters in the Montesinho-Nogueira Natura 2000 site for their help and collaboration. We thank Emilie Didaskalou for her lab assistance. J.-B. F ́eret acknowledges financial support from Agence Nationale de la Recherche (BioCop project—ANR- 17-32CE-0001).

Published
2021

34. Corrigendum

Author

A. Glyn Bengough, Elison B. Blancaflor, Ivano Brunner, Louise H. Comas, Grégoire T. Freschet, Arthur Gessler, Colleen M. Iversen, Štěpán Janěcek, Jitka Kliměsová, Hans Lambers, M. Luke McCormack, Ina C. Meier, Liesje Mommer, Loïc Pagès, Hendrik Poorter, Johannes A. Postma, Boris Rewald, Laura Rose, Catherine Roumet, Peter Ryser, Verity Salmon, Michael Scherer‐Lorenzen, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Nishanth Tharayil, Oscar J. Valverde‐Barrantes, Monique Weemstra, Alexandra Weigelt, Nina Wurzburger, Larry M. York, and Marcin Zadworny

Subjects
Physiology, Plant Science
Published
2022

35. The abundance of arbuscular mycorrhiza in soils is linked to the total length of roots colonized at ecosystem level

Author

Krijn B. Trimbos, G. F. (Ciska) Veen, Nadja den Haan, Ivika Ostonen, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Leho Tedersoo, Milagros Barceló, Peter M. van Bodegom, and Terrestrial Ecology (TE)

Subjects
Fungal Structure, Ecological Metrics, Science, Mycology, Plant Science, Grassland, Ecosystems, 03 medical and health sciences, Mycorrhizae, Ecosystem, Colonization, Biomass, Plant Communities, Community Structure, Soil Microbiology, Mycelium, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, Plant Ecology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, fungi, Community structure, Organisms, Fungi, Biology and Life Sciences, Eukaryota, Plant community, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Agronomy, Community Ecology, international, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Medicine, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Plan_S-Compliant_OA, Ecosystem Functioning, Research Article
Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) strongly affect ecosystem functioning. To understand and quantify the mechanisms of this control, knowledge about the relationship between the actual abundance and community composition of AMF in the soil and in plant roots is needed. We collected soil and root samples in a natural dune grassland to test whether, across a plant community, the abundance of AMF in host roots (measured as the total length of roots colonized) is related to soil AMF abundance (using the neutral lipid fatty acids (NLFA) 16:1ω5 as proxy). Next-generation sequencing was used to explore the role of community composition in abundance patterns. We found a strong positive relationship between the total length of roots colonized by AMF and the amount of NLFA 16:1ω5 in the soil. We provide the first field-based evidence of proportional biomass allocation between intra-and extraradical AMF mycelium, at ecosystem level. We suggest that this phenomenon is made possible by compensatory colonization strategies of individual fungal species. Finally, our findings open the possibility of using AMF total root colonization as a proxy for soil AMF abundances, aiding further exploration of the AMF impacts on ecosystems functioning.

Published
2020

36. Global Root Traits (GRooT) Database

Author

Jens Kattge, Joseph M. Craine, Lawren Sack, Jasper van Ruijven, Koen Kramer, Franciska T. de Vries, Christopher J. Sweeney, Juli G. Pausas, Catherine Roumet, Josep Peñuelas, Peter M. van Bodegom, Marney E. Isaac, Ina C. Meier, Grégoire T. Freschet, Liesje Mommer, Christian Ammer, Helge Bruelheide, Peter B. Reich, Fons van der Plas, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Colleen M. Iversen, Fernando Valladares, Marina Semchenko, Peter Manning, Larry M. York, Vanessa Minden, Nathaly R. Guerrero-Ramírez, Bill Shipley, Thomas W. Kuyper, Vladimir G. Onipchenko, Isabelle Aubin, Oscar J. Valverde-Barrantes, Daniel C. Laughlin, Hendrik Poorter, Eric G. Lamb, Justin P. Wright, M. Luke McCormack, Stuart W. Smith, Bradley J. Butterfield, Jane A. Catford, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Patrick Weigelt, Rubén Milla, Christian König, Matthias C. Rillig, Alexandra Weigelt, Adam R. Martin, Leho Tedersoo, Joana Bergmann, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Leipzig University, Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Oklahoma State University [Stillwater], Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University of Wyoming (UW), Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Georg August University of Goettingen, Buesgenweg 2, 37077, Goettingen, Germany, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3 - Faculté des Sciences humaines et des sciences de l'environnement ( UPVM UM3 UFR3), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), University of Manchester [Manchester], Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Canadian Forest Service - CFS (CANADA), King‘s College London, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Department of Computer Science [University of Toronto] (DCS), University of Toronto, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), University of Oldenburg, Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificacion (CIDE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Leiden University, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Jonah Ventures, Boulder, CO, USA, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), University of Toronto [Scarborough, Canada], Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CEAB-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Catalonia, Spain, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment [Richmond] (HIE), Western Sydney University, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California, Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), University of Tartu, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Duke University [Durham], Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oklahoma State University [Stillwater] (OSU), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Universiteit Leiden, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Humboldt University Of Berlin, University of California (UC), Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI), Systems Ecology, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Root (linguistics), Biome, Subspecies, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Field (computer science), ddc:550, publicly‐available database, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Database, Ecology, Soil Biology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, PE&RC, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], 550 Geowissenschaften, Level of measurement, Technologie and Innovatie, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trait, Knowledge Technology and Innovation, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Kennis, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Set (abstract data type), functional biogeography, publicly-available database, macroecological studies, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Bodembiologie, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, Taxon, Belowground ecology, root traits, Global Root Traits, Data quality, plant form and function, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Kennis, Technologie and Innovatie, computer, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

[Motivation]: Trait data are fundamental to the quantitative description of plant form and function. Although root traits capture key dimensions related to plant responses to changing environmental conditions and effects on ecosystem processes, they have rarely been included in large-scale comparative studies and global models. For instance, root traits remain absent from nearly all studies that define the global spectrum of plant form and function. Thus, to overcome conceptual and methodological roadblocks preventing a widespread integration of root trait data into large-scale analyses we created the Global Root Trait (GRooT) Database. GRooT provides ready to use data by combining the expertise of root ecologists with data mobilization and curation. Specifically, we (a) determined a set of core root traits relevant to the description of plant form and function based on an assessment by experts, (b) maximized species coverage through data standardization within and among traits, and (c) implemented data quality checks., [Main types of variables contained]: GRooT contains 114,222 trait records on 38 continuous root traits.Spatial location and grain: Global coverage with data from arid, continental, polar, temperate and tropical biomes. Data on root traits were derived from experimental studies and field studies., [Time period and grain]: Data were recorded between 1911 and 2019., [Major taxa and level of measurement]: GRooT includes root trait data for which taxonomic information is available. Trait records vary in their taxonomic resolution, with subspecies or varieties being the highest and genera the lowest taxonomic resolution available. It contains information for 184 subspecies or varieties, 6,214 species, 1,967 genera and 254 families. Owing to variation in data sources, trait records in the database include both individual observations and mean values., [Software format]: GRooT includes two csv files. A GitHub repository contains the csv files and a script in R to query the database., The study has been supported by the TRY initiative on plant traits (http://www.try-db.org). The TRY initiative and database are hosted, developed and maintained at the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany. TRY is currently supported by DIVERSITAS/Future Earth and the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig. Open access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.

Published
2020

37. Paleoclimate and current climate collectively shape the phylogenetic and functional diversity of trees worldwide

Author

Steven Jansen, Aelton B. Giroldo, Enio E. Sosinski, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Maurizio Mencuccini, Bjorn J. M. Robroek, Jingming Zheng, Eduardo Chacón-Madrigal, Jens-Christian Svenning, Brian J. Enquist, Tamir Klein, Fons van der Plas, Ángel de Frutos, Jane A. Catford, Franziska Schrodt, Martijn Slot, Nathan J. B. Kraft, Christopher H. Lusk, Chaeho Byun, Wolf L. Eiserhardt, Jan Pisek, Sean T. Michaletz, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Bruno Enrico Leone Cerabolini, Anh Tuan Dang-Le, Ian J. Wright, Jian Zhang, Hans Henrik Bruun, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Valério D. Pillar, Wen-Yong Guo, Michaël Belluau, Cyrille Violle, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Anne Blach-Overgaard, Benjamin Komac, Yusuke Onoda, Adam R. Martin, Arildo S. Dias, Renske E. Onstein, Brandon S. Schamp, Sandra Lavorel, Akira Mori, Matthew J. Pound, Cory Merow, Nate Hough-Snee, Peter Hietz, Koen Kramer, Madhur Anand, Nelson Thiffault, Daniela Ciccarelli, Jens Kattge, Wesley N. Hattingh, Tianhua He, Ülo Niinemets, Brian S. Maitner, Josep Peñuelas, Peter M. van Bodegom, and Vanessa Minden

Subjects
Current (stream), Functional diversity, Geography, Phylogenetic tree, Pleistocene, Ecology, media_common.quotation_subject, Paleoclimatology, Ecosystem, Species richness, Diversity (politics), media_common
Abstract

Trees are of vital importance for ecosystem functioning and services at local to global scales, yet we still lack a detailed overview of the global patterns of tree diversity and the underlying drivers, particularly the imprint of paleoclimate. Here, we present the high-resolution (110 km) worldwide mapping of tree species richness, functional and phylogenetic diversities based on ∼7 million quality-assessed occurrences for 46,752 tree species (80.5% of the estimated total number of tree species), and subsequent assessments of the influence of paleo-climate legacies on these patterns. All three tree diversity dimensions exhibited the expected latitudinal decline. Contemporary climate emerged as the strongest driver of all diversity patterns, with Pleistocene and deeper-time (>107 years) paleoclimate as important co-determinants, and, notably, with past cold and drought stress being linked to reduced current diversity. These findings demonstrate that tree diversity is affected by paleoclimate millions of years back in time and highlight the potential for tree diversity losses from future climate change.

Published
2020

38. Assessing the reliability of predicted plant trait distributions at the global scale

Author

Vladimir G. Onipchenko, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Wilfried Thuiller, Ana Benítez-López, Bruno Enrico Leone Cerabolini, Coline C.F. Boonman, Mark A. J. Huijbregts, Luca Santini, Pedro Higuchi, Madhur Anand, Daniel C. Laughlin, Aafke M. Schipper, Lourens Poorter, Andrés González-Melo, Josep Peñuelas, Wesley N. Hattingh, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Systems Ecology

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, trait–environment relationships, Environmental change, Specific leaf area, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ensemble forecasting, environmental filtering, intraspecific trait variation, leaf nitrogen concentration, plant height, specific leaf area, trait model, wood density, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Trait-environment relationships, Statistics, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Reliability (statistics), 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Ensemble forecasting, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, food and beverages, Plant community, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Research Papers, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Data quality, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trait, Environmental science, Scale (map), Environmental Sciences, Research Paper
Abstract

Aim: Predictions of plant traits over space and time are increasingly used to improve our understanding of plant community responses to global environmental change. A necessary step forward is to assess the reliability of global trait predictions. In this study, we predict community mean plant traits at the global scale and present a systematic evaluation of their reliability in terms of the accuracy of the models, ecological realism and various sources of uncertainty. Location: Global. Time period: Present. Major taxa studied: Vascular plants. Methods: We predicted global distributions of community mean specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen concentration, plant height and wood density with an ensemble modelling approach based on georeferenced, locally measured trait data representative of the plant community. We assessed the predictive performance of the models, the plausibility of predicted trait combinations, the influence of data quality, and the uncertainty across geographical space attributed to spatial extrapolation and diverging model predictions. Results: Ensemble predictions of community mean plant height, specific leaf area and wood density resulted in ecologically plausible trait–environment relationships and trait–trait combinations. Leaf nitrogen concentration, however, could not be predicted reliably. The ensemble approach was better at predicting community trait means than any of the individual modelling techniques, which varied greatly in predictive performance and led to divergent predictions, mostly in African deserts and the Arctic, where predictions were also extrapolated. High data quality (i.e., including intraspecific variability and a representative species sample) increased model performance by 28%. Main conclusions: Plant community traits can be predicted reliably at the global scale when using an ensemble approach and high-quality data for traits that mostly respond to large-scale environmental factors. We recommend applying ensemble forecasting to account for model uncertainty, using representative trait data, and more routinely assessing the reliability of trait predictions. © 2020 The Authors. Global Ecology and Biogeography published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd

Published
2020

39. Half of the world’s tree biodiversity is unprotected and is increasingly threatened by human activities

Author

Bruno Enrico Leone Cerabolini, Fons van der Plas, Anh Tuan Dang-Le, Tamir Klein, Steven Jansen, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Enio E. Sosinski, Jens-Christian Svenning, Maurizio Mencuccini, Aelton B. Giroldo, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Vanessa Minden, Christopher H. Lusk, Jane A. Catford, Jingming Zheng, Nathan J. B. Kraft, Franziska Schrodt, Eduardo Chacón-Madrigal, Benjamin Komac, Yusuke Onoda, Adam R. Martin, Sean T. Michaletz, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Koen Kramer, Arildo S. Dias, Jan Pisek, Nelson Thiffault, Valério D. Pillar, Josep Peñuelas, Peter M. van Bodegom, Kun Guo, Brian J. Enquist, Bjorn J. M. Robroek, Martjin Slot, Wen-Yong Guo, Peter Hietz, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Ángel de Frutos, Nate Hough-Snee, Akira Mori, Cory Merow, Madhur Anand, Tianhua He, Ülo Niinemets, Brian S. Maitner, Daniela Ciccarelli, Renske E. Onstein, Jens Kattge, Wesley N. Hattingh, Brandon S. Schamp, Sandra Lavorel, Michaël Belluau, Cyrille Violle, Chaeho Byun, Wolf L. Eiserhardt, Ian J. Wright, Hans Henrik Bruun, and Wubing Xu

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Conservation planning, 0303 health sciences, Agroforestry, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, Priority areas, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Tree diversity, 03 medical and health sciences, Geography, 13. Climate action, Threatened species, Ecosystem, Tree species, 030304 developmental biology, Global biodiversity
Abstract

Although trees are key to ecosystem functioning, many forests and tree species across the globe face strong threats. Preserving areas of high biodiversity is a core priority for conservation; however, different dimensions of biodiversity and varied conservation targets make it difficult to respond effectively to this challenge. Here, we (i) identify priority areas for global tree conservation using comprehensive coverage of tree diversity based on taxonomy, phylogeny, and functional traits; and (ii) compare these findings to existing protected areas and global biodiversity conservation frameworks. We find that ca. 51% of the top-priority areas for tree biodiversity are located in current protected areas. The remaining half top-priority areas are subject to moderate to high human pressures, indicating conservation actions are needed to mitigate these human impacts. Our findings emphasize the effectiveness of using tree conservation priority areas for future global conservation planning.

Published
2020

40. Organizing principles for vegetation dynamics

Author

Stephan A. Pietsch, Elena Rovenskaya, Ehud Meron, Guy F. Midgley, Josep Peñuelas, Peter M. van Bodegom, Karin T. Rebel, Ian J. Wright, Sandy P. Harrison, Philippe Ciais, Marcel van Oijen, Daniel S. Falster, I. Colin Prentice, Michel Loreau, Sönke Zaehle, Caroline E. Farrior, Oskar Franklin, Wolfgang Cramer, Stefano Manzoni, Florian Hofhansl, César Terrer, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Åke Brännström, Han Wang, Ulf Dieckmann, Roderick C. Dewar, Annikki Mäkelä, Benjamin D. Stocker, Stanislaus J. Schymanski, Global Ecohydrology and Sustainability, Environmental Sciences, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Ecosystems Services and Management, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, Umeå University, Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Systems Sciences [Zürich], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), CREAF CERDANYOLA DEL VALLES ESP, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH-Edinburgh), Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Stellenbosch University, ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Umeå University, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Leiden, AXA Research Fund, and Commission of the European Communities

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Stomatal conductance, Ecosystem ecology, 0607 Plant Biology, 0703 Crop and Pasture Production, Plant Development, Plant Science, Theoretical ecology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Temporal scales, Plant ecology, Biological sciences, Ecosystem, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Ecosytem ecology, Ecology, 15. Life on land, Plants, Vegetation dynamics, Biological Evolution, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, medicine.symptom, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Vegetation (pathology), 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Plants and vegetation play a critical-but largely unpredictable-role in global environmental changes due to the multitude of contributing processes at widely different spatial and temporal scales. In this Perspective, we explore approaches to master this complexity and improve our ability to predict vegetation dynamics by explicitly taking account of principles that constrain plant and ecosystem behaviour: natural selection, self-organization and entropy maximization. These ideas are increasingly being used in vegetation models, but we argue that their full potential has yet to be realized. We demonstrate the power of natural selection-based optimality principles to predict photosynthetic and carbon allocation responses to multiple environmental drivers, as well as how individual plasticity leads to the predictable self-organization of forest canopies. We show how models of natural selection acting on a few key traits can generate realistic plant communities and how entropy maximization can identify the most probable outcomes of community dynamics in space- and time-varying environments. Finally, we present a roadmap indicating how these principles could be combined in a new generation of models with stronger theoretical foundations and an improved capacity to predict complex vegetation responses to environmental change.Integrating natural selection and other organizing principles into next-generation vegetation models could render them more theoretically sound and useful for earth system applications and modelling climate impacts.

Published
2020

41. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome

Author

Stef Weijers, Jacob Nabe-Nielsen, William K. Cornwell, Francesca Jaroszynska, Oriol Grau, Daan Blok, Peter Manning, Allan Buras, Tage Vowles, Ann Milbau, Peter B. Reich, Luise Hermanutz, Bo Elberling, Sabine B. Rumpf, Philip A. Wookey, Martin Hallinger, Esther Lévesque, Damien Georges, Bruce C. Forbes, Sigrid Schøler Nielsen, Maitane Iturrate-Garcia, Janet S. Prevéy, Walton A. Green, Josep Peñuelas, Peter Poschlod, F. S. Chapin, Giandiego Campetella, Wim A. Ozinga, Haydn J.D. Thomas, Michele Carbognani, F. T. de Vries, Colleen M. Iversen, Monique M. P. D. Heijmans, Ken D. Tape, Isla H. Myers-Smith, Heather D. Alexander, Josep M. Ninot, Agata Buchwal, Jens Kattge, P.M. van Bodegom, Anu Eskelinen, S. N. Sheremetiev, Nadja Rüger, Vladimir G. Onipchenko, Michael Kleyer, Chelsea J. Little, Trevor C. Lantz, Maxime Tremblay, Sandra Angers-Blondin, Matteo Dainese, Alessandro Petraglia, Robert D. Hollister, James M G Hudson, Katharine N. Suding, Urs A. Treier, Gabriela Schaepman-Strub, Karl Hülber, Brandon S. Schamp, Ülo Niinemets, Marko J. Spasojevic, Benjamin Bond-Lamberty, Marcello Tomaselli, Kevin C. Guay, Alba Anadon-Rosell, Elina Kaarlejärvi, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Sarah C. Elmendorf, Michael Bahn, Johan Olofsson, Benjamin Blonder, Anders Michelsen, Sonja Wipf, Jill F. Johnstone, Brody Sandel, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Katherine S. Christie, S. F. Oberbauer, Scott J. Goetz, Rohan Shetti, Joseph M. Craine, Elisabeth J. Cooper, M. te Beest, Gregory H. R. Henry, Yusuke Onoda, Tara Zamin, Mark Vellend, Logan T. Berner, Anne D. Bjorkman, Bruno Enrico Leone Cerabolini, Signe Normand, Pieter S. A. Beck, Robert G. Björk, Christian Rixen, Andrew J. Trant, Juha M. Alatalo, Martin Wilmking, Esther R. Frei, James D. M. Speed, Steven Jansen, Laura Siegwart Collier, Laurent J. Lamarque, Sandra Díaz, Susanna Venn, Aino Kulonen, Paul Grogan, Systems Ecology, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Research Centre for Ecological Change, and Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Climate, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Biome, General Physics and Astronomy, Efecte del clima sobre les plantes, 01 natural sciences, Klimatforskning, INTRASPECIFIC VARIABILITY, WIDE-RANGE, SDG 13 - Climate Action, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Plantegeografi: 496, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Global environmental change, lcsh:Science, Plant ecology, Macroecology, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, food and beverages, Plants, Biogeography, FOLIAR NITROGEN ISOTOPES, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, COMMUNITY-LEVEL, Trait, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, LEAF ECONOMICS SPECTRUM, Theoretical ecology, WOODY-PLANTS, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Chemistry, Climate Research, Science, Plant Development, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Article, LITTER DECOMPOSITION, Life Science, Tundra, Ecosystem, 1172 Environmental sciences, Vegetatie, Vegetation and climate, WIMEK, Vegetation, Ecologia vegetal, Global warming, Botany, Plant community, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Plant geography: 496, Interspecific competition, Botanik, 15. Life on land, FUNCTIONAL TRAITS, Canvi mediambiental global, lcsh:Q, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, ELEVATED CO2, RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world., It is unclear whether plant trait relationships found at the global scale extend to climatic extremes. Here the authors analyse six major aboveground traits to show that known plant trait relationships extend to the tundra biomes and exhibit the same two dimensions of variation detected at the global scale.

Published
2020

42. Does the leaf economic spectrum hold within plant functional types? A Bayesian multivariate trait meta-analysis

Author

Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Yusuke Onoda, Vanessa Minden, E. Cowdery, Michael Bahn, Chaeho Byun, Alexey N. Shiklomanov, Ülo Niinemets, Michael Dietze, Steven Jansen, and Koen Kramer

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Multivariate statistics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Specific leaf area, Biome, Bayesian probability, leaf biochemistry, leaf morphology, Biology, Bayesian inference, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Filosofie, Correlation, Statistics, trait variation, Imputation (statistics), Photosynthesis, functional trade-off, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Univariate, Bayes Theorem, 15. Life on land, Covariance, Plants, Constraint (information theory), Plant Leaves, Philosophy, Technologie and Innovatie, Multivariate Analysis, Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Knowledge Technology and Innovation, Trait, ecological modeling, Kennis, hierarchical modeling, Kennis, Technologie and Innovatie
Abstract

The leaf economic spectrum is a widely studied axis of plant trait variability that defines a trade-off between leaf longevity and productivity. While this has been investigated at the global scale, where it is robust, and at local scales, where deviations from it are common, it has received less attention at the intermediate scale of plant functional types (PFTs). We investigated whether global leaf economic relationships are also present within the scale of plant functional types (PFTs) commonly used by Earth System models, and the extent to which this global-PFT hierarchy can be used to constrain trait estimates. We developed a hierarchical multivariate Bayesian model that assumes separate means and covariance structures within and across PFTs and fit this model to seven leaf traits from the TRY database related to leaf longevity, morphology, biochemistry, and photosynthetic metabolism. Although patterns of trait covariation were generally consistent with the leaf economic spectrum, we found three approximate tiers to this consistency. Relationships among morphological and biochemical traits (specific leaf area [SLA], N, P) were the most robust within and across PFTs, suggesting that covariation in these traits is driven by universal leaf construction trade-offs and stoichiometry. Relationships among metabolic traits (dark respiration [R-d], maximum RuBisCo carboxylation rate [V-c,V-max], maximum electron transport rate [J(max)]) were slightly less consistent, reflecting in part their much sparser sampling (especially for high-latitude PFTs), but also pointing to more flexible plasticity in plant metabolistm. Finally, relationships involving leaf lifespan were the least consistent, indicating that leaf economic relationships related to leaf lifespan are dominated by across-PFT differences and that within-PFT variation in leaf lifespan is more complex and idiosyncratic. Across all traits, this covariance was an important source of information, as evidenced by the improved imputation accuracy and reduced predictive uncertainty in multivariate models compared to univariate models. Ultimately, our study reaffirms the value of studying not just individual traits but the multivariate trait space and the utility of hierarchical modeling for studying the scale dependence of trait relationships.

Published
2019

43. Robustness of trait connections across environmental gradients and growth forms

Author

Owen K. Atkin, Rhiannon L. Dalrymple, J. Hans C. Cornelissen, Farideh Fazayeli, Vladimir G. Onipchenko, Chaeho Byun, Andrés González-Melo, Ülo Niinemets, Habacuc Flores-Moreno, Ming Chen, Kirk R. Wythers, Madhur Anand, Ethan E. Butler, Joseph M. Craine, Jens Kattge, Wesley N. Hattingh, Abhirup Datta, Vanessa Minden, Steven Jansen, Nathan J. B. Kraft, Arindam Banerjee, Peter B. Reich, Josep Peñuelas, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Michael Bahn, Daniel C. Laughlin, Koen Kramer, Systems Ecology, and Biology

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, leaf traits, Specific leaf area, plant strategy integration, seed traits, Leaf morphology, trait networks, Competition (ecology), Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Functional response, Resource Acquisition Is Initialization, Temperate climate, Environmental gradient, Growth form, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, plant functional traits, Ecology, Seed, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Reproductive strategy, fungi, Robustness (evolution), food and beverages, 15. Life on land, Arid, stem traits, Technologie and Innovatie, Trait, Knowledge Technology and Innovation, Kennis, Embryophyta, Kennis, Technologie and Innovatie, Biological network, trait interdependence
Abstract

Aim: Plant trait databases often contain traits that are correlated, but for whom direct (undirected statistical dependency) and indirect (mediated by other traits) connections may be confounded. The confounding of correlation and connection hinders our understanding of plant strategies, and how these vary among growth forms and climate zones. We identified the direct and indirect connections across plant traits relevant to competition, resource acquisition and reproductive strategies using a global database and explored whether connections within and between traits from different tissue types vary across climates and growth forms. Location: Global. Major taxa studied: Plants. Time period: Present. Methods: We used probabilistic graphical models and a database of 10 plant traits (leaf area, specific leaf area, mass- and area-based leaf nitrogen and phosphorous content, leaf life span, plant height, stem specific density and seed mass) with 16,281 records to describe direct and indirect connections across woody and non-woody plants across tropical, temperate, arid, cold and polar regions. Results: Trait networks based on direct connections are sparser than those based on correlations. Land plants had high connectivity across traits within and between tissue types; leaf life span and stem specific density shared direct connections with all other traits. For both growth forms, two groups of traits form modules of more highly connected traits; one related to resource acquisition, the other to plant architecture and reproduction. Woody species had higher trait network modularity in polar compared to temperate and tropical climates, while non-woody species did not show significant differences in modularity across climate regions. Main conclusions: Plant traits are highly connected both within and across tissue types, yet traits segregate into persistent modules of traits. Variation in the modularity of trait networks suggests that trait connectivity is shaped by prevailing environmental conditions and demonstrates that plants of different growth forms use alternative strategies to cope with local conditions. © 2019 John Wiley and Sons Ltd

Published
2019

44. Author Correction: Nitrogen and phosphorus constrain the CO2 fertilization of global plant biomass

Author

César Terrer, Peter B. Reich, Benjamin D. Stocker, Christoph Müller, Sara Vicca, Shilong Piao, Robert B. Jackson, Paul C. D. Newton, Takayoshi Koike, Oskar Franklin, Marcel R. Hoosbeek, H. Wayne Polley, Dana M. Blumenthal, Alan F. Talhelm, Wolfgang Viechtbauer, Josep Peñuelas, Klaus Winter, Trevor F. Keenan, Caspar J. van Lissa, Kevin Van Sundert, I. Colin Prentice, Joshua B. Fisher, Lucas A. Cernusak, Bruce A. Hungate, Christopher B. Field, Makoto Watanabe, Yi Y. Liu, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Mark J. Hovenden, Christina Kaiser, Ian McCallum, and Victor O. Leshyk

Subjects
WIMEK, Bodemscheikunde en Chemische Bodemkwaliteit, Phosphorus, chemistry.chemical_element, Biomass, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Nitrogen, Human fertilization, Agronomy, chemistry, Life Science, Environmental science, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), Soil Chemistry and Chemical Soil Quality
Published
2020

45. Global mycorrhizal plant distribution linked to terrestrial carbon stocks

Author

Maarten van 't Zelfde, Ian McCallum, Peter M. van Bodegom, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Leho Tedersoo, Cesar Terrer Moreno, Mark Brundrett, M. Luke McCormack, Nuno César de Sá, and Joshua B. Fisher

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, Ecosystem ecology, Biome, Geographic Mapping, General Physics and Astronomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Carbon cycle, Soil, Mycorrhizae, Ecosystem, Biomass, Mycorrhiza, lcsh:Science, Subsoil, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Biomass (ecology), Topsoil, Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, Biogeochemistry, General Chemistry, Vegetation, Plants, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Carbon, Biogeography, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Vegetation impacts on ecosystem functioning are mediated by mycorrhizas, plant–fungal associations formed by most plant species. Ecosystems dominated by distinct mycorrhizal types differ strongly in their biogeochemistry. Quantitative analyses of mycorrhizal impacts on ecosystem functioning are hindered by the scarcity of information on mycorrhizal distributions. Here we present global, high-resolution maps of vegetation biomass distribution by dominant mycorrhizal associations. Arbuscular, ectomycorrhizal, and ericoid mycorrhizal vegetation store, respectively, 241 ± 15, 100 ± 17, and 7 ± 1.8 GT carbon in aboveground biomass, whereas non-mycorrhizal vegetation stores 29 ± 5.5 GT carbon. Soil carbon stocks in both topsoil and subsoil are positively related to the community-level biomass fraction of ectomycorrhizal plants, though the strength of this relationship varies across biomes. We show that human-induced transformations of Earth’s ecosystems have reduced ectomycorrhizal vegetation, with potential ramifications to terrestrial carbon stocks. Our work provides a benchmark for spatially explicit and globally quantitative assessments of mycorrhizal impacts on ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical cycling., Mycorrhizas—mutualistic relationships formed between fungi and most plant species—are functionally linked to soil carbon stocks. Here the authors map the global distribution of mycorrhizal plants and quantify links between mycorrhizal vegetation patterns and terrestrial carbon stocks.

Published
2019

46. Global change effects on plant communities are magnified by time and the number of global change factors imposed

Author

Kevin R. Wilcox, John M. Blair, Juha M. Alatalo, Anu Eskelinen, Tony J. Svejcar, Annika K. Jägerbrand, Laura Yahdjian, David Samuel Johnson, Lara Souza, J. Patrick Megonigal, Lauren M. Hallett, Peter B. Reich, R. Travis Belote, Scott L. Collins, Juliette M. G. Bloor, Christel C. Kern, Andrew Baldwin, Yiqi Luo, Patrick J. Bohlen, Katherine N. Suding, Rien Aerts, Qiang Yu, Roy Turkington, Emily Grman, K. Blake Suttle, Mark J. Hovenden, Melinda D. Smith, Wei Li, Steven C. Pennings, Laura Gough, Bryan L. Foster, Carl Beierkuhnlein, John W. Morgan, Pedro M. Tognetti, Jodi N. Price, John P. Anderson, James F. Cahill, Guozhen Du, Shannon R. White, Forest Isbell, Rebecca L. McCulley, Osvaldo E. Sala, Kimberly J. Komatsu, Meghan L. Avolio, Xingguo Han, J. Hans C. Cornelissen, Edward W. Bork, Zhuwen Xu, Janet S. Prevéy, Jimin Cheng, David Tilman, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Yunhai Zhang, Elizabeth H. Boughton, Gregory R. Houseman, Andrea J. Britton, Sara G. Baer, Jennifer Firn, Vladimir G. Onipchenko, Nathan P. Lemoine, Pengfei Zhang, William D. Bowman, Anke Jentsch, Harry Harmens, Enrique J. Chaneton, Alan K. Knapp, Juergen Kreyling, Katherine L. Gross, Jennie R. McLaren, Sally E. Koerner, Eric W. Seabloom, F. Leland Russell, Kari Klanderud, Nona R. Chiariello, Clare H. Robinson, Jonathan D. Bates, Systems Ecology, Amsterdam Sustainability Institute, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, expériences sur le changement planétaire, Climate Change, plante herbacée, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, HERBACEOUS PLANTS, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Global change experiments, Ecology and Environment, COMMUNITY COMPOSITION, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Humans, Community composition, Human Activities, Ecosystem, richesse des espèces, 2. Zero hunger, GLOBAL CHANGE EXPERIMENTS, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, SPECIES RICHNESS, Botany, Community structure, Bayes Theorem, Global change, Plant community, Biodiversity, Biological Sciences, Plants, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, Herbaceous plants, Species richness, composition des communautés, plantes herbacées, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Fil: Komatsu, Kimberly J. Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater. United States. Fil: Avolio, Meghan L. Johns Hopkins University. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences. Baltimore, United States. Fil: Lemoine, Nathan P. Marquette University. Department of Biological Sciences. Milwaukee, United States. Fil: Chaneton, Enrique José. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA). Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fil: Chaneton, Enrique José. CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA). Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fil: Tognetti, Pedro Maximiliano.Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA). Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fil: Tognetti, Pedro Maximiliano.CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA). Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fil: Yahdjian, María Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA). Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fil: Yahdjian, María Laura. CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA). Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fil: Isbell, Forest. University of Minnesota. Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior. Saint Paul, United States. Fil: Grman, Emily. Eastern Michigan University. Department of Biology. Ypsilanti, United States. Global change drivers (GCDs) are expected to alter community structure and consequently, the services that ecosystems provide. Yet, few experimental investigations have examined effects of CDs on plant community structure across multiple ecosystem types, and those that do exist present conflicting patterns. In an unprecedented global synthesis of over 100 experiments that manipulated factors linked to GCDs, we show that herbaceous plant community responses depend on experimental manipulation length and number of factors manipulated. We found that plant communities are fairly resistant to experimentally manipulated GCDs in the short term ( minor to 10 y). In contrast, long-term (major or equal to 10 y) experiments show increasing community divergence of treatments from control conditions. Surprisingly, these community responses occurred with similar frequency across the GCD types manipulated in our database. However, community responses were more common when 3 or more GCDs were simultaneously manipulated, suggesting the emergence of additive or synergistic effects of multiple drivers, particularly over long time periods. In half of the cases, GCD manipulations caused a difference in community composition without a corresponding species richness difference, indicating that species reordering or replacement is an important mechanism of community responses to GCDs and should be given greater consideration when examining consequences of GCDs for the biodiversity–ecosystem function relationship. Human activities are currently driving unparalleled global changes worldwide. Our analyses provide the most comprehensive evidence to date that these human activities may have widespread impacts on plant community composition globally, which will increase in frequency over time and be greater in areas where communities face multiple GCDs simultaneously. tbls., grafs.

Published
2019

47. The functional trait spectrum of European temperate grasslands

Author

Bernard Amiaud, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Helge Bruelheide, Costantino Bonomi, Bruno Enrico Leone Cerabolini, Maria Tudela‐Isanta, Pietro P. M. Iannetta, Sabina Burrascano, Jitka Klimešová, Kinga Öllerer, Joseph M. Craine, Vladimir G. Onipchenko, Emma Ladouceur, Andrea Mondoni, Frédérique Louault, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Peter Poschlod, Vanessa Minden, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Ladouceur, Emma, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Museo delle Scienze, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, University of Regensburg, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Ecological Sciences, James Hutton Institute (JHI), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell' Insubria, Department of Ecological Science [Amsterdam], Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), Jonah Ventures, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), University of Oldenburg, Institute of Biology Bucharest, Romanian Academy, Moscow State University, Leiden University, Universidad de Oviedo, European Union (EU) 607785, Systems Ecology, Biology, European Commission, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), The James Hutton Institute, and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, regeneration niche, caractère fonctionnel, seed traits, Biodiversité et Ecologie, clonality, Plant Science, Biology, Generalist and specialist species, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, species pool, Grassland, Biodiversity and Ecology, specialist species, Altitude, functional traits, germination, grasslands, trait spectrum, clonalité, Regeneration (ecology), SDG 15 - Life on Land, 2. Zero hunger, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, caractères fonctionnels, prairie, niche de régénération, bassin d'espèces, spectre des caractères, Ecology, grasslands regeneration, clonalite, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, niche, Habitat, Disturbance (ecology), Trait, Ordination, grassland, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Questions: What is the functional trait variation of European temperate grasslands and how does this reflect global patterns of plant form and function? Do habitat specialists show trait differentiation across habitat types?. Location: Europe. Methods: We compiled 18 regeneration and non-regeneration traits for a continental species pool consisting of 645 species frequent in five grassland types. These grassland types are widely distributed in Europe but differentiated by altitude, soil bedrock and traditional long-term management and disturbance regimes. We evaluated the multivariate trait space of this entire species pool and compared multi-trait variation and mean trait values of habitat specialists grouped by grassland type. Results: The first dimension of the trait space accounted for 23% of variation and reflected a gradient between fast-growing and slow-growing plants. Plant height and SLA contributed to both the first and second ordination axes. Regeneration traits mainly contributed to the second and following dimensions to explain 56% of variation across the first five axes. Habitat specialists showed functional differences between grassland types mainly through non-regeneration traits. Conclusions: The trait spectrum of plants dominating European temperate grasslands is primarily explained by growth strategies which are analogous to the trait variation observed at the global scale, and secondly by regeneration strategies. Functional differentiation of habitat specialists across grassland types is mainly related to environmental filtering linked with altitude and disturbance. This filtering pattern is mainly observed in non-regeneration traits, while most regeneration traits demonstrate multiple strategies within the same habitat type., EL, BJA, MTI, AM, PI and CB acknowledge the research leading to these results has received funding from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007–2013 under REA grant agreement no. 607785, as a part of the NAtive Seed Science TEchnology and Conservation (NASSTEC) Initial Training Network (ITN). BJA was further funded by the Marie Curie Clarín‐COFUND program of the Principality of Asturias and the European Union (ACB17‐26). BJA and HB acknowledge support from the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle–Jena–Leipzig funded by the German Research Foundation (DFTG FZT 118) through the sPlot research platform. PI acknowledges support from the Rural & Environment Science & Analytical Services Division of the Scottish Government. KÖ thanks RO1567‐IBB03/2018 for financial support.

Published
2019

48. Nitrogen and phosphorus constrain the CO2 fertilization of global plant biomass

Author

Caspar J. van Lissa, Benjamin D. Stocker, Oskar Franklin, Peter B. Reich, I. Colin Prentice, Kevin Van Sundert, Alan F. Talhelm, Josep Peñuelas, Mark J. Hovenden, Christina Kaiser, Takayoshi Koike, Paul C. D. Newton, Joshua B. Fisher, Robert B. Jackson, Sara Vicca, Klaus Winter, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Marcel R. Hoosbeek, H. Wayne Polley, Makoto Watanabe, Christoph Müller, Ian McCallum, Lucas A. Cernusak, Bruce A. Hungate, Christopher B. Field, Victor O. Leshyk, Trevor F. Keenan, Dana M. Blumenthal, Yi Y. Liu, Wolfgang Viechtbauer, César Terrer, Shilong Piao, AXA Research Fund, Commission of the European Communities, Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, and RS: MHeNs School for Mental Health and Neuroscience

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental Studies, 01 natural sciences, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, CARBON, Human fertilization, Nutrient, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, 0502 Environmental Science and Management, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Biomass (ecology), Physics, FOREST PRODUCTIVITY, Vegetation, Nitrogen, Chemistry, Physical Sciences, GROWTH, 0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Ecosystem ecology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Bodemscheikunde en Chemische Bodemkwaliteit, Environmental Science and Management, chemistry.chemical_element, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Atmospheric Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, ENHANCEMENT, Life Science, ATMOSPHERIC CO2, Biology, METAANALYSIS, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Science & Technology, WIMEK, Phosphorus, Biogeochemistry, MOJAVE DESERT, 15. Life on land, CLIMATE, Climate Action, Agronomy, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, 0401 Atmospheric Sciences, ELEVATED CO2, Environmental Sciences, Soil Chemistry and Chemical Soil Quality, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), RESPONSES
Abstract

Elevated CO2 (eCO(2)) experiments provide critical information to quantify the effects of rising CO2 on vegetation 1-6 . Many eCO(2) experiments suggest that nutrient limitations modulate the local magnitude of the eCO(2) effect on plant biomass(1,3,5), but the global extent of these limitations has not been empirically quantified, complicating projections of the capacity of plants to take up CO27,9. Here, we present a data-driven global quantification of the eCO(2) effect on biomass based on 138 eCO(2) experiments. The strength of CO2 fertilization is primarily driven by nitrogen (N) in similar to 65% of global vegetation and by phosphorus (P) in similar to 25% of global vegetation, with N- or P-limitation modulated by mycorrhizal association. Our approach suggests that CO2 levels expected by 2100 can potentially enhance plant biomass by 12 +/- 3% above current values, equivalent to 59 +/- 13 PgC. The globalscale response to eCO(2) we derive from experiments is similar to past changes in greenness(9) and bio-mass(10) with rising CO2, suggesting that CO2 will continue to stimulate plant biomass in the future despite the constraining effect of soil nutrients. Our research reconciles conflicting evidence on CO2 fertilization across scales and provides an empirical estimate of the biomass sensitivity to eCO(2) that may help to constrain climate projections.

Published
2019

49. Global distribution patterns of mycoheterotrophy

Author

Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Sofia I. F. Gomes, Peter M. van Bodegom, and Vincent S. F. T. Merckx

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, food and beverages, Edaphic, Evergreen, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Ectomycorrhiza, Deciduous, Habitat, Abundance (ecology), Vegetation type, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

AIM: Mycoheterotrophy is a mode of life where plants cheat the mycorrhizal symbiosis, receiving carbon via their fungal partners. Despite being widespread, mycoheterotrophic plants are locally rare, hampering the understanding of their global environmental drivers. Here, we explore global environmental preferences of mycoheterotrophy, and investigate environmental drivers of differential habitat preferences of mycoheterotrophic plants associated with arbuscular (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi. LOCATION: Global. TIME PERIOD: Current. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED: Mycoheterotrophic flowering plants. METHODS: We compiled the largest global dataset of epiparasitic mycoheterotrophic plant species occurrences and examined which environmental factors, including soil type, climate, vegetation type and distribution patterns of mycorrhizal autotrophic plants, relate to occurrence patterns of mycoheterotrophic plant species associated with AM and EM fungi. RESULTS: Mycoheterotrophic plant species avoid cold and highly seasonal climates and show a strong preference for forests. AM‐associated mycoheterotrophs are predominantly found in broadleaved tropical evergreen forests whereas EM‐associated mycoheterotrophs occur in temperate regions, mostly in broadleaved deciduous and evergreen needleleaved forests. The abundance of AM and EM autotrophic plants was a weaker predictor for mycoheterotrophs occurrences than forest type. Temperature and precipitation variables – but not edaphic factors – were the best predictors explaining the distribution patterns of mycoheterotrophs after accounting for the effects of forest type. For individual lineages, major differences in environmental preferences (often related to edaphic factors) occurred that were significantly associated with plant evolutionary relationships, indicating that these cheater plants have limited adaptive capabilities. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: The strong global geographical segregation of AM and EM mycoheterotrophs does not reflect the abundance of their potential autotrophic hosts, but seems to be driven by differential climate and habitat preferences. Our results highlight the non‐trivial nature of mycorrhizal interactions, and indicate that identity of the partners is not enough to understand the underlying mechanisms promoting plant–fungal interactions in mycoheterotrophic plants.

Published
2019

50. Belowground Biodiversity Relates Positively to Ecosystem Services of European Forests

Author

Hojka Kraigher, Mark R. Bakker, Jurga Motiejūnaitė, Douglas L. Godbold, Monique Carnol, Ina C. Meier, Tanja Mrak, Ivano Brunner, Thomas Bolger, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Brynhildur Bjarnadottir, Ivika Ostonen, Taina Pennanen, Lise Dalsgaard, Francis Ashwood, Laura M. Suz, Elena Vanguelova, Ülle Püttsepp, Luis Merino-Martín, Edda Sigurdís Oddsdóttir, Isabella Børja, Pavel Cudlín, Lars Vesterdal, Amandine Erktan, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, University of Akureyri, School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Université de Liège, Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Slovenian Forestry Institute, Nature Research Centre, Forest Research, University of Tartu, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Universiteit Leiden, ANR-10-LABX-0011,Entreprendre,Entrepreneurship(2010), Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Global Change Research Institute CAS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Universität für Bodenkultur, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), and Leiden University

Subjects
kulturne storitve, funkcije gozdov, 0106 biological sciences, Supporting services, Evropa, Soil biodiversity, Soil biology, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], kulturne storitve, funkcije gozdov, podzemna biodiverziteta, Evropa, gozdovi, Biodiversity, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Unit (housing), provisioning services, Provisioning services, Ecosystem, udc:630*1, Nature and Landscape Conservation, media_common, Regulating services, udc:630*18+630*9, Global and Planetary Change, gozdovi, Ecology, Agroforestry, VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900, Belowground biodiversity, Forestry, Provisioning, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, regulating services, 15. Life on land, cultural services, supporting services, Cultural services, Geography, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, podzemna biodiverziteta, cultural services, provisioning services, regulating services, supporting services, belowground biodiversity, European forests, belowground biodiversity, Diversity (politics), European forests
Abstract

International audience; Biodiversity of ecosystems is an important driver for the supply of ecosystem services to people. Soils often have a larger biodiversity per unit surface area than what can be observed aboveground. Here, we present what is to our knowledge, the most extensive literature-based key-word assessment of the existing information about the relationships between belowground biodiversity and ecosystem services in European forests. The belowground diversity of plant roots, fungi, prokaryota, soil fauna, and protists was evaluated in relation to the supply of Provisioning, Regulating, Cultural, and Supporting Services. The soil biota were divided into 14 subgroups and the ecosystem services into 37 separate services. Out of the 518 possible combinations of biotic groups and ecosystem services, no published study was found for 374 combinations (72%). Of the remaining 144 combinations (28%) where relationships were found, the large majority (87%) showed a positive relationship between biodiversity of a belowground biotic group and an associated ecosystem service. However, for the majority of the combinations (102) there were only three or fewer studies. The percentage of cases for which a relationship was detected varied strongly between ecosystem service categories with 23% for Provisioning, 8% for Regulating, 40% for Cultural, and 48% for Supporting Services. We conclude that (1) soil biodiversity is generally positively related to ecosystem services in European forests; (2) the links between soil biodiversity and Cultural or Supporting services are better documented than those relating to Provisioning and Regulating services; (3) there is a huge knowledge gap for most possible combinations of soil biota and ecosystem services regarding how a more biodiverse soil biota is associated with a given ecosystem service. Given the drastically increasing societal demand for knowledge of the role of biodiversity in the functioning of ecosystems and the supply of ecosystem services, we strongly encourage the scientific community to conduct well-designed studies incorporating the belowground diversity and the functions and services associated with this diversity.

Published
2019

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