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Persistent phosphors possess unique afterglow optical properties. In this paper, a class of ultra-violet (UV) persistent luminescence nanoparticles were developed for catalytic photodegradation applications. UV persistent luminescence nanoparticles of SiO 2 -Zn 2 SiO 4 :Ga and SiO 2 -Zn 2 SiO 4 :Ga,Pb were successfully synthesized by using a mesoporous template method. The UV persistent luminescence intensity of SiO 2 -Zn 2 SiO 4 :Ga at 405 nm was enhanced up to ca. 3.5 times by co-doping with Pb2+ (396 nm), along with longer persistent luminescence duration. The photodegradation results indicate that it is useful to introduce UV persistent luminescence property into SiO 2 -Zn 2 SiO 4 :Ga,Pb to obtain enhanced catalytic activity of SiO 2 -Zn 2 SiO 4 with a bigger catalytic oxidation reaction kinetic constant (up to ∼4 times). This kind of UV persistent catalysis strategy may become a potential feasible method for better catalytic photodegradation activity. The UV persistent photocatalyst has potential applications in the photooxidation of organic molecules in high chroma and/or turbidity aqueous systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to compare the therapeutic effects of acyclovir nanofiber and acyclovir-clobetasol nanofiber formulations with their non-nano formulations (cream formulation) on recurrent labial herpes. Materials and methods: Eighty patients with labial herpes lesions were divided into four groups, each receiving one of the following treatments: acyclovir-clobetasol nano patch, acyclovir-clobetasol cream, acyclovir nano patch, or acyclovir cream. Pain levels and recovery times were assessed. The Wilcoxon test compared pain levels, while the log-rank test compared healing and scabbing times. Results: Acyclovir-clobetasol nanofiber and cream, along with acyclovir nanofiber, significantly reduced symptoms compared to the acyclovir cream. The recovery and scabbing times were shorter in patients who received acyclovir-clobetasol formulations compared to those receiving acyclovir alone. Conclusion: Acyclovir-clobetasol combinations accelerated recovery times compared to acyclovir alone. Additionally, nanofiber formulations demonstrated enhanced healing efficacy over cream formulations. Trial registration: This trial was retrospectively registered by Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) at 14/11/2023. Trial Registration number: IRCT20230926059521N1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technology is one of the nanotechnologies which attracted a great deal of consideration because of features like the speed of the circuit, low-power utilization and small size. In digital electronics, the comparator plays a vital role, due to its vast area of applications like state machine design, digital testing and fault tolerance, digital control systems, etc. This paper proposes a 4-bit/8-bit/16-bit comparator in QCA technology using the XOR Gate. The proposed method is an efficient method, which has two stages: finding whether the inputs are equal or not in stage 1 and less than or greater than in stage 2 using an XOR gate. The proposed comparator circuits have less area and cost with less delay as compared to the previous works. The proposed energy calculations are carried out with the QCA DesignerE tool, and it is observed that the proposed structures are energy efficient. In addition, the proposed comparators are simulated and synthesized with Vivado design suite 2021.1 and implemented on the Virtex UltraScale VCU129-PP FPGA board. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractWith the size reduction of structures into micro/nanoscale, the size-dependent effect arises in mechanical properties. For micro/nanostructures working in transient thermal environment, the thermal relaxation needs to be considered in heat conduction. Functionally graded carbon nanotubes/graphene platelets reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC/GPLRC) materials as new generation of advanced materials have attracted much attention due to their excellent mechanical or thermoelastic performance. Though the mechanical or non-coupled thermoelastic behaviors of beam, plate and shell made of FG-CNTRC/GPLRC materials have been extensively studied, there lacks of investigations on the coupled thermoelastic behaviors of micro/nanostructures of FG-CNTRC/GPLRC in the context of generalized thermoelasticity where both the elastic nonlocality and thermal relaxation need to be considered. To fill this gap, in this work, the Lord–Shulman (L-S) type generalized thermoelasticity incorporating the fractional-order nonlocal theory is applied to investigating the thermoelastic bending wave propagation characteristics of a nanocomposite microbeam reinforced by GPLs and CNTs simultaneously for the first time. The Halpin–Tsai micromechanical model is used to assess the effective elastic modulus and the other properties are evaluated by the rule of mixture. Then, the governing equations are formulated based on the Euler–Bernoulli beam model. By assuming the wave-type solutions, the governing equations are solved and the dispersion relation between frequency and wave number and the relation between phase velocity and wave number are determined, respectively. In calculation, the effects of the thermal relaxation time, the elastic nonlocal parameter, the fractional order parameter and the mass fractions of GPLs and CNTs on the dimensionless frequency and phase velocity are analyzed and discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on high‐surface‐area supports and synergic promoters has been made, however, there is still much room for improvement on the catalytic‐particles morphology and interaction with the support. A first approach for designing nanoplate supports to improve CDM catalysts was made. Amorphous aluminosilicates nanoplates (a‐AS.np) with an average particle size of 23.4 nm and an average height of 2.8 nm, and α‐Ni(OH)2 nanoplates (Ni.np) with an average particle size of 23.2 nm and an average thickness of 8.4 nm, were successfully synthesized, using a two‐dimensional reactor in amphiphilic phases (TRAP). Nickel loaded in a‐AS materials with different morphologies and promotion effects of lantana (La3+) & chromium (Cr3+) species were studied. La‐Cr promoted a‐AS support showed an average increase of 13% on H2 yield in severe conditions due to improved crystallization of Ni particles on mesoporous support and the electron promotion of La to Ni species. Furthermore, we evaluate the Ni.np as novel morphology support for La3+ & copper (Cu2+) species in the methane decomposition reaction. La‐Cu Ni.np showed outstanding performance and stability, a max H2 yield of 15.9% (at 700 °C), and more than 400 min of H2 generation (at 550 °C) compared to its a‐AS support counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objectives This study aims to compare the therapeutic effects of acyclovir nanofiber and acyclovir-clobetasol nanofiber formulations with their non-nano formulations (cream formulation) on recurrent labial herpes. Materials and methods Eighty patients with labial herpes lesions were divided into four groups, each receiving one of the following treatments: acyclovir-clobetasol nano patch, acyclovir-clobetasol cream, acyclovir nano patch, or acyclovir cream. Pain levels and recovery times were assessed. The Wilcoxon test compared pain levels, while the log-rank test compared healing and scabbing times. Results Acyclovir-clobetasol nanofiber and cream, along with acyclovir nanofiber, significantly reduced symptoms compared to the acyclovir cream. The recovery and scabbing times were shorter in patients who received acyclovir-clobetasol formulations compared to those receiving acyclovir alone. Conclusion Acyclovir-clobetasol combinations accelerated recovery times compared to acyclovir alone. Additionally, nanofiber formulations demonstrated enhanced healing efficacy over cream formulations. Trial registration This trial was retrospectively registered by Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) at 14/11/2023. Trial Registration number: IRCT20230926059521N1.

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is based on traditional cellular automata models in which each cell has one of the finite distinct states at any given time. Cellular automata refer to the use of Coulombic contact rather than wires to connect cells. The discrete character of cellular automata and quantum mechanics have been exploited to develop nano-scale devices that can conduct computations with high switching frequency and low power dissipation. QCA has been utilized in many categories for fault-tolerant and reversible logic computing. On the other hand, the morphology algorithm is an area of image processing that provides a unified methodology and strong tools for image/video processing applications. This work proposes a unique fault-tolerant approach based on QCA to execute the morphological operations in image processing. Two fault-tolerant 5-input majority gates are employed in the implemented QCA architecture, and a control line is used to accomplish dilation and erosion. To assess the capabilities of the proposed fault-tolerant circuit for morphological procedures, its performance is analyzed and confirmed. The proposed design is compared to earlier results, which significantly improve fault-tolerant ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incorporating nano phase change materials (NPCMs) into the basin material helps improve the productivity and the evaporation rate in a solar still. Setting heat extraction rate as a standard, a comparative study was made with the yield of a single basin solar still by a phase change material (PCM) and NPCM. To counteract the low thermal conductivity of paraffin wax, metallic nanoparticles of cobalt oxide (CoO) were added. These CoO nanoparticles were found to be attractive for mixing with PCM to increase thermal conductivity. The impact of heat flux, flow rate and metal oxide particles on the flow and heat transfer behaviour of slurries was investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the predominant peak (200) of CoO at 42.3°, with an average CoO nanoparticle size of 6 nm. The FESEM analysis revealed homogeneously aggregated spherical/platelet-shaped CoO nanoparticles ranging within 5–30 nm in size. Solar radiation increases linearly with time, reaching its maximum between 12:00 and 2:00 p.m. The use of NPCM increases the efficiency (12–25%) of the basin material due to its thermal properties and also the water output with an average yield rate of 3.5 L. Finally, the results indicate that the incorporation of CoO nanoparticles into paraffin wax increases the performance of the solar still and improves the water quality parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tungsten disulfide (WS2) is a promising material with excellent electrical, magnetic, optical, and mechanical properties. It is regarded as a key candidate for the development of optoelectronic devices due to its high carrier mobility, high absorption coefficient, large exciton binding energy, polarized light emission, high surface-to-volume ratio, and tunable band gap. These properties contribute to its excellent photoluminescence and high anisotropy. These characteristics render WS2 an advantageous material for applications in light-emitting devices, memristors, and numerous other devices. This article primarily reviews the most recent advancements in the field of optoelectronic devices based on two-dimensional (2D) nano-WS2. A variety of advanced devices have been considered, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs), sensors, field-effect transistors (FETs), photodetectors, field emission devices, and non-volatile memory. This review provides a guide for improving the application of 2D WS2 through improved methods, such as introducing defects and doping processes. Moreover, it is of great significance for the development of transition-metal oxides in optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides information on the integration of nanochemistry into secondary education curricula in Lower Saxony, Germany. It discusses the Nan_OS school laboratory setting, which aims to teach students about the properties, applications, opportunities, and risks of nanochemistry. The article also presents three innovative experiments that can be used in secondary education to introduce students to the synthesis and applications of nanoparticles. It emphasizes the importance of adapting school curricula to reflect current research and developments in nanotechnology and highlights the need for further development of experiments in the field of nanochemistry to support teachers in creating research-based lesson plans. [Extracted from the article]

The research involved the extraction of cellulose (C) from agricultural waste such as rice husk and the creation of nano-cellulose (NC) using Acid hydrolysis and Ultrasound method. Subsequently, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and carboxymethyl Nano Cellulose (NCMC) were prepared using Alkalization and Etherification method. The team analyzed several properties of the compounds, which included the natural polymers' size measured using a Size Analyzer, resulting in 35865.7 nm for CMC. The percentage of nanopolymers yield was also calculated and noted a decline, from 37.36% for CMC to 26.48% for NCMC. FT-IR spectroscopy device was used to identify the functional groups, indicating a higher degree of substitution for NCMC (0.630%) than for natural polymers CMC (0.573%). The structure and size of polymer nanoparticles were examined using AFM, and FESEM, devices, and the diameters ranged from 30.90-49.65 nm for NCMC. The study also analyzed physical properties such as viscosity, which was observed to decrease for nanopolymers compared to natural-sized polymers (80.33 and 52.23 for CMC and NCMC, respectively), and water binding capacity, which decreased for nanopolymers compared to natural-sized polymers (725.42% and 540.76% for CMC and NCMC, respectively). Fat binding capacity was also studied, and it was found to be 511.35% and 230.25% for CMC and NCMC, respectively. The study concluded that NCMC was non-toxic at concentrations ranging from 100-1000 µg/ml. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Aspergillus parasiticus isolates often infect agricultural products in the fields and warehouses in tropical areas. In recent years, the study of plant compounds to reduce the growth of toxin-producing microorganisms has increased. Loading the effective substances of medicinal plants such as marjoram in lipid nanocarriers can reduce the reaction of the active substances of the plants with the surrounding environment, such as water and oxygen, as well as the intensity of transfer or evaporation of the external environment. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to assess the antifungal effect of a carvacrol-nanoemulsion on the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus. METHODS: In this experimental study, using the microdilution method and in accordance with the latest version of the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute standard (modified M38-A2 protocol), the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for different concentrations of carvacrol and nanocarvacrol were determined against the Aspergillus parasiticus strain. Physicochemical indicators and structural characteristics of nanoparticles were determined in terms of surface morphology by the Scanning electron microscope (SEM) method. Data were analyzed in SPSS v.21 software using two-way analysis of variance. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Nano-carvacrol has more antifungal effect against Aspergillus parasiticus than pure carvacrol. Based on this, the MIC was 0.97 µg/ml for nano-carvacrol and 97 µg/ml for pure carvacrol. Also, the MFC was 3.9 µg/ml for nano-carvacrol and 390 µg/ml for carvacrol, indicating that nano-carvacrol has a higher antifungal effect compared to pure carvacrol. The SEM images showed the spherical shape of the nanoparticles, and their average size was about 80 nm. CONCLUSIONS: The carvacrol-nanoemulsion showed acceptable growth inhibition against Aspergillus parasiticus fungus, which can make it a promising agent with high antifungal effects and low side effects. However, further studies are recommended on this nano compound in order to understand its' activity against other mycotoxigenic fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this study, nanocrystalline ZnO were synthesized onto glass substrates by using sol-gel method. Structural characterizations were performed by XRD, SEM and AFM techniques. Potential application of nanocrystal ZnO as chloroform sensor was investigated. Response of the fabricated thin films of the ZnO nanocrystals towards chloroform vapor was investigated depending on gas concentration (750-15000 ppm) between the temperatures of 22-150 ºC in nitrogen ambient. Gas flow rates were controlled by using flow controller and flow meters. All the measurement system was computerized. XRD results revealed that thin film of the ZnO nanocrystals on the glass substrate was in crystal form and can be characterized by 036-1451 JCPDS number. Crystallite sizes of the ZnO nanocrystals were determined both by SEM images and the Scherrer equation. The crystallite sizes were calculated between 27.9 - 50.4 nm using the Scherrer equation. The sensors showed reversible response towards the chloroform vapor in the measured temperature and gas concentration range. Response time and sensitivity values of the sensors towards the chloroform vapor were also calculated. The increase in temperature caused to increase in sensitivity values. The best sensitivity values were obtained at 150 oC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundCancer is recognized as a major public health problem worldwide, which brings a large number of deaths and serious economic burden. Traditional cancer treatments generally have problems such as limited application, large side effects, and drug resistance. With the rise of nanomedicine technology, its unique advantages in precision drug delivery, imaging sensitivity, assisted drug release, and enhanced drug properties have brought new hope to cancer patients. These therapies, including photothermal therapy, drug delivery, and immunotherapy, use various nanoparticles such as gold and iron-oxide to improve targeted treatment and reduce side effects. The increasing interest in sustainable NP production and safety concerns has driven new research into biocompatible and eco-friendly methods. This study aims to analyze the current research status and global trends in cancer therapy using nanoparticles through a bibliometric analysis.MethodsThe Web of Science Core Collection database was searched for publications related to NP-based cancer therapies from January 1995 to December 2023. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using using Bibliometrix Online Analysis Platform, HistCite Pro 2.1, VOSviewer version 1.6.20 and RStudio version 4.3.1, covering metrics like the number of publications, citations, countries, institutions, journals, authors, references, and keywords.ResultsA total of 452 articles published in 233 journals. The number of publications on clinical cancer therapy with metal Nanomaterials has shown consistent annual growth. China and Chinese Academy of Sciences were the leading country and institution contributing to this field, respectively. The most prolific author was Zangeneh Mohammad Mahdi, and Biomaterials was the most prolific journal. Key research hotspots identified include keywords such as “gold nanoparticles”, “delivery”, “drug delivery,” “green synthesis,” and “cytotoxicity.”ConclusionThis is one of the first studies to perform a bibliometric analysis and visualization of publications onclinical cancer therapy with metal Nanomaterials, offering valuable insights for researchers. Future studies should focus on enhancing the efficacy, biocompatibility, and sustainable synthesis of nanoparticles, with an emphasis on their use in personalized medicine and photodynamic therapy.

Research on high‐surface‐area supports and synergic promoters has been made, however, there is still much room for improvement on the catalytic‐particles morphology and interaction with the support. A first approach for designing nanoplate supports to improve CDM catalysts was made. Amorphous aluminosilicates nanoplates (a‐AS.np) with an average particle size of 23.4 nm and an average height of 2.8 nm, and α‐Ni(OH)2 nanoplates (Ni.np) with an average particle size of 23.2 nm and an average thickness of 8.4 nm, were successfully synthesized, using a two‐dimensional reactor in amphiphilic phases (TRAP). Nickel loaded in a‐AS materials with different morphologies and promotion effects of lantana (La3+) & chromium (Cr3+) species were studied. La‐Cr promoted a‐AS support showed an average increase of 13% on H2 yield in severe conditions due to improved crystallization of Ni particles on mesoporous support and the electron promotion of La to Ni species. Furthermore, we evaluate the Ni.np as novel morphology support for La3+ & copper (Cu2+) species in the methane decomposition reaction. La‐Cu Ni.np showed outstanding performance and stability, a max H2 yield of 15.9% (at 700 °C), and more than 400 min of H2 generation (at 550 °C) compared to its a‐AS support counterparts.

ObjectiveTo explore the potential strategies and mechanisms for enhancing the bioavailability of Rhodiola rosea.Methods36 Sprague–Dawley rats (8-weeks-old) were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 6 per group). Groups I and II received nano-dose forms of R. rosea, groups III and IV received normal dose form of R. rosea, and groups V and VI served as distilled water control groups. Groups II, IV, and VI were combined with moderate -intensity treadmill exercise. Each group received a daily gavage with 0.5 mL of nano -R. rosea solution (0.01 mg/mL), normal R. rosea solution, and distilled water. All rats were subjected to exhaustive swimming after 4 weeks. Outcome measures include GSH-px activity, T-AOC activity, MDA content, hepatic glycogen content, and T-SOD activity.ResultsFor plasma MDA content, group I was lower than group III (p

The gambir plant can serve as a raw material for botanical insecticides. Plant-based insecticides are made in nanoemulsion form to overcome the insecticide particle size problem. This study aims to obtain a gambir waste form that has the potential to be used as a botanical insecticide using nanotechnology. The laboratory experiments include preliminary and follow-up tests. The preliminary test involves testing each extract (liquid, solid, and raw gambir waste) at three concentrations using a completely randomized design with four replications. The follow-up test uses the residue method on leaves to test insecticidal activity. Creating nanoemulsion from gambir waste involves mixing organic and liquid phases through spontaneous emulsification. The insecticidal effectiveness of this nanoemulsion is tested on Croccidolomia pavonana. The results show that solid and liquid gambir waste has the potential to be used as alternative insecticides, which can influence the mortality of C. pavonana with an LC50 concentration of 0.22 (solid waste) and 0. 29 (liquid waste), while LC95 is 2.44 (solid waste) and 2.52 (liquid waste). The research promotes utilizing natural resources and innovative technologies, advancing environmentally conscious pest control methods, and fostering sustainable agricultural systems.

High efficiency and stability are two crucial factors in piezocatalysis reactions. In this research, the efficiency of Fe2O3 piezo catalysts significantly increased by coupling it with Na2WO4. Results indicate that Fe2O3 and Na2WO4 have a synergetic effect on the degradation of Amoxicillin (AMX), with Fe2O3/Na2WO4 degrading 88 % of AMX in the same conditions that pure Fe2O3 and Na2WO4 degrade only 42 % and 20.6 %, respectively. The degradation efficiency of Fe2O3 was improved by 114 % when it was coupled with Na2WO4. Fe2O3/Na2WO4 piezo catalyst was successfully used in 8 cycles while it keeps almost 85 % of its efficiency which indicates the stability of prepared piezo catalysts. Studying the mechanism of degradation by Fe2O3/Na2WO4 revealed that superoxide free radicals have a critical function in the decomposition of AMX. The kinetic study also indicates that at lower temperatures, the reaction follows a first-order reaction.

ABSTRACTSelenium is a chemical element from the chalcogenide group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium and Tellurium), which has been defined as a critical element by the American Physical Society and the Materials Research Society. Indeed, selenium is used abundantly in nanotechnologies but its scarcity on Earth put its sustainability at risk. This review highlights the properties of selenium at the nanoscale and illustrates some of its most important applications in medicine, agriculture, catalysis, opto-electronics, photovoltaics, piezo-electrics and quantum electronics.

The gambir plant can serve as a raw material for botanical insecticides. Plant-based insecticides are made in nanoemulsion form to overcome the insecticide particle size problem. This study aims to obtain a gambir waste form that has the potential to be used as a botanical insecticide using nanotechnology. The laboratory experiments include preliminary and follow-up tests. The preliminary test involves testing each extract (liquid, solid, and raw gambir waste) at three concentrations using a completely randomized design with four replications. The follow-up test uses the residue method on leaves to test insecticidal activity. Creating nanoemulsion from gambir waste involves mixing organic and liquid phases through spontaneous emulsification. The insecticidal effectiveness of this nanoemulsion is tested on Croccidolomia pavonana. The results show that solid and liquid gambir waste has the potential to be used as alternative insecticides, which can influence the mortality of C. pavonana with an LC50 concentration of 0.22 (solid waste) and 0. 29 (liquid waste), while LC95 is 2.44 (solid waste) and 2.52 (liquid waste). The research promotes utilizing natural resources and innovative technologies, advancing environmentally conscious pest control methods, and fostering sustainable agricultural systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current research work, AA7050 a marine aluminium alloy was reinforced with the nano-graphite particles, processed through the stir casting technique. The scanning electron microstructure reveals, that the nanoparticles were uniformly distributed over the matrix material and the hardness of the composites increased with a rise in the weight percentage of Gr particles owing to the Hall patch effect. The wear experiments were conducted by varying reinforcement, load, velocity, distance, and temperature, and the experimental runs were designed using the L25 orthogonal array, in which wear, coefficient of friction and worn surface hardness were recorded as a response. The wear resistance of the composites increases with a rise in the graphite content attributed to the formation of a mechanically mixed layer, the wear rate transfers from mild to severe, when there is shift in temperature from 100°C to 150°C. The worn surface hardness of the composites was higher than those of as-cast composites owing to the presence of Fe on the surface confirmed through the EDAX mapping. The composites were optimized using the modified PROMETHEE optimization technique and the results revealed that AA7050 reinforced with 8% Gr particles showed the best result and was recommended for the marine sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salinity stress is a major factor affecting the nutritional and metabolic profiles of crops, thus hindering optimal yield and productivity. Recent advances in nanotechnology propose an avenue for the use of nano-fertilizers as a potential solution for better nutrient management and stress mitigation. This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of conventional and nano-fertilizers (nano-Zn/nano-Si) on maize and subcellular level changes in its ionomic and metabolic profiles under salt stress conditions. Zinc and silicon were applied both in conventional and nano-fertilizer-using farms under stress (100 mM NaCl) and normal conditions. Different ions, sugars, and organic acids (OAs) were determined using ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The results revealed significant improvements in different ions, sugars, OAs, and other metabolic profiles of maize. Nanoparticles boosted sugar metabolism, as evidenced by increased glucose, fructose, and sucrose concentrations, and improved nutrient uptake, indicated by higher nitrate, sulfate, and phosphate levels. Particularly, nano-fertilizers effectively limited Na accumulation under saline conditions and enhanced maize's salt stress tolerance. Furthermore, nano-treatments optimized the potassium-to-sodium ratio, a critical factor in maintaining ionic homeostasis under stress conditions. With the growing threat of salinity stress on global food security, these findings highlight the urgent need for further development and implementation of effective solutions like the application of nano-fertilizers in mitigating the negative impact of salinity on plant growth and productivity. However, this controlled environment limits the direct applicability to field conditions and needs future research, particularly long-term field trials, to confirm such results of nano-fertilizers against salinity stress and their economic viability towards sustainable agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shrimp aquaculture is the fastest-growing animal food-producing sector in the world due to its high demand in developed countries. The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), a double-stranded virus, is primarily associated with high mortalities in the shrimp population, causing an imbalance in the aquaculture industry. Nanotechnology is advantageous due to its high surface area to volume ratio, targeted drug load and alteration of the charge of nanoparticle surface area, and prevention of adverse effects associated with commercial drug treatment. This review discusses the antiviral activity of chitosan triphosphate (CS/TPP)-coated nanoparticles encapsulating WSSV Viral protein 28 (VP28), innate immunity stimulation using polyamine-coated carbon quantum dots, and the investigation of silver nanoparticle designed Argovit-4 with or without PVP responsible for inhibiting viral activity. Nanotechnology-driven techniques have improved the stability of RNA-induced vaccines, paving the way for an effective cure for white spot syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In recent years, the application of nanoparticles has been used successfully in plant tissue culture, which has a tremendous impact on the removal of microbial contamination of the explant through the use of these materials and also the positive role of these materials in callus formation, organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, somaclonal variation and production of secondary metabolites. Proline is a proteogenic amino acid that accumulates as a useful solvent in plants under both stress and non-stress conditions. Recent discoveries indicate that proline plays an important role in plant growth and differentiation throughout the life cycle. Chitosan was found to enhance secondary metabolite production in cell suspensions and calli of various species applied in micropropagation, chitosan could improve plantlet quality in vitro, in consequence facilitating the subsequent acclimatization of plantlets to ex vitro conditions. The aim of this work was to investigate whether the in vitro application of nanocomposite and moderate salinity can improve microtuberization. Materials and Methods: After the cultivation, the jars containing the explants were transferred to the growth chamber under absolute darkness and at a temperature of 18±2°C. The cultures were kept in these conditions for 4 months without sub culturing the samples for this purpose. MS medium containing 80 g of sucrose, containing proline at concentrations of 20 and 40 mg L-1, chitosan at a concentration of 240 mg L-1, proline 20 and chitosan 240 mg L-1, proline 40 and chitosan 240 mg L-1, 120 mg L-1, proline nanocomposite coated with chitosan 120 and 240 mg L-1 and control treatment, as well as non-salinity treatments with the same compounds and concentrations mentioned for salinity were cultured. Factorial experiment was conducted base on a completely randomized design with three replications on single nude explants of mentioned cultivar. Results and Discussion: The results of this study show that moderate salinity has a significant effect on the first, second, third and last month of microtuberization. (in 1% level). The results of the comparison of mean microtuber yield showed that the highest yield was obtained when 240 mg of chitosan was treated with 20 mg / l of proline at moderate salinity with an average weight of 210 mg. Moreover, a concentration of 20 mg / l proline alone in moderate salinity was not sufficient to stimulate microtubers., but a concentration of 40 mg L-1 proline in mild salinity was satisfactory. According to the results of this study, it can be suggested that the use of chitosan compounds with proline and the use proline nanocomposite coated with chitosan with moderate salinity can be used to produce suitable microtuberization in the in vitro conditions of potatoes. In order to prove our results with the results of previous researchers, the results of chitosan application experiment on the growth and yield of miniature showed that application of 500 mg L-1 chitosan produced minituber weighing more than 1.5 g per seedling. Chitosan increased other traits including number of minituber per seedling, number of leaves per seedling and seedling length (Asghari-Zakaria et al., 2009). In the study of the effect of cobalt nanoparticles on the morphological characteristics of Santana cultivar in vitro, it was observed that the presence of cobalt nanoparticles caused the formation of microtubers faster, also the maximum size and function of microtubers from the combination of 2.5 mg. Cobalt nanoparticles with 80 g L-1 sucrose were obtained (Hamza, 2019). Conclusions: In this experiment, proline nanocomposite coated with chitosan was successfully synthesized and according to the obtained results, it can be used in plant tissue culture and in vitro microtuberization. In the field of potato microtuberization, the use of nanocomposite showed a significant increase in the number of microtubers compared to the control, which showed a significant effect in the late stages of microtuberization. Also, the use of moderate salinity with treatment nanocomposite is effective for stimulating microtuberization, which increases microtubers yield. Based on the results of this experiment, a concentration of 120 mg L-1 proline nanocomposite coated with chitosan is a more suitable concentration for potato microtuberization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glasses based on the basic composition of lithium disilicate (Li2O.2SiO2) together with derived samples containing increasing CeO2 replacing Li2O (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 Mol %) were prepared by melting – annealing method, samples from the prepared parent glasses were thermally heat treated through two-step regime (450° C /10 h – followed by 650° C / 6 h) to convert them to their glass – ceramics derivatives. The main purpose of this study is to find out the main properties of the prepared glass – ceramics to be applied as dental candidates. The optical, FTIR, and thermal expansion properties of the parent glasses were examined to identify the main structural groups which are defined as tetrahedral stronger SiO2 building groups. The detailed separated crystalline phases within the prepared glass–ceramics were identified together with their textural features. The Vickers microhardness data for both the parent glasses and their glass -ceramics derivatives were evaluated. SEM and EDAX measurements indicate the ability of the prepared samples to form hydroxyapatite upon immersion in SBF solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the function of Al2O3 nanofiller in liquid silicone rubber (LSR) for the purpose of outdoor insulation. Several characteristics, including structural (Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), physical (density), mechanical (tensile, tear, percentage elongation at break, and shore A hardness), thermal (thermal conductivity, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA)), electrical (dielectric constant, dielectric breakdown strength, DC volume resistivity, arc resistance, and recovery of hydrophobicity), although chemical (immersion of samples for 72 h in NaCl, HCl, and H2SO4 solutions and measurement of sample weight and PH of the solution before and after immersion) were investigated after the addition of Al2O3 nanofiller with different compositions, such as 5, 10, and 15 weight percentages. In comparison to pure LSR, it was discovered that the inclusion of nano Al2O3 particles enhanced the material's density by 11%, thermal conductivity by 12%, dielectric constant by 24%, DC volume resistivity by 2%, arc resistance by significantly 1205%, dielectric breakdown strength by 54%, and hydrophobicity. Other improvements include a 7% rise in tensile strength, a 23% rise in tear strength, a 17% rise in hardness, and an 18% reduction in percentage elongation at break when compared to pure LSR for the composite samples. Mechanical qualities are affected by the curing process duration. More specifically, we discovered there is a proportionality relationship between the tensile strength and the elastic modulus. Findings of the chemical examination revealed that the composites have corrosion resistance in the form of negligible weight change in the sample when exposed to salt and acid solutions. The combination of these exceptional qualities makes Al2O3 composites appealing within an insulating materials realm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This animal study sought to evaluate two novel nanomaterials for pulpotomy of primary teeth and assess the short-term pulpal response and hard tissue formation in dogs. The results were compared with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Methods: This in vivo animal study on dogs evaluated 48 primary premolar teeth of 4 mongrel female dogs the age of 6–8 weeks, randomly divided into four groups (n = 12). The teeth underwent complete pulpotomy under general anesthesia. The pulp tissue was capped with MCM-48, MCM-48/Hydroxyapatite (HA), MTA (positive control), and gutta-percha (negative control), and the teeth were restored with intermediate restorative material (IRM) paste and amalgam. After 4–6 weeks, the teeth were extracted and histologically analyzed to assess the pulpal response to the pulpotomy agent. Results: The data were analyzed using the Kruskal‒Wallis, Fisher's exact, Spearman's, and Mann‒Whitney tests. The four groups were not significantly different regarding the severity of inflammation (P = 0.53), extent of inflammation (P = 0.72), necrosis (P = 0.361), severity of edema (P = 0.52), extent of edema (P = 0.06), or connective tissue formation (P = 0.064). A significant correlation was noted between the severity and extent of inflammation (r = 0.954, P < 0.001). The four groups were significantly different regarding the frequency of bone formation (P = 0.012), extent of connective tissue formation (P = 0.047), severity of congestion (P = 0.02), and extent of congestion (P = 0.01). No bone formation was noted in the gutta-percha group. The type of newly formed bone was not significantly different among the three experimental groups (P = 0.320). Conclusion: MCM-48 and MCM-48/HA are bioactive nanomaterials that may serve as alternatives for pulpotomy of primary teeth due to their ability to induce hard tissue formation. The MCM-48 and MCM-48/HA mesoporous silica nanomaterials have the potential to induce osteogenesis and tertiary (reparative) dentin formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the construction of metal matrix composite materials was to combine the desirable properties of metals and ceramics. Metal matrix composites can be considered as advanced materials that have low weight, high strength, high modulus of elasticity, low coefficient of thermal expansion and suitable abrasion resistance. However, one of the problems with making these composites is the unsuitable wettability of the reinforcing particles in aluminum melt, which creates limitations in the construction of these composites. At first, using the ANFISPSO compound, suitable conditions for casting were investigated and then, using the results, the conditions of the composite in terms of dimensions and weight percent of SiC nano particle, the preheating temperature of the mold and powder, the melt stirring time, the rotation velocity of the impeller and the casting temperature for achieving the desirable properties for casting parts, were determined. According to the results, it can be seen that the use of the Gaussian membership function causes the least error in the training time. Also, the comparison of this model with the experimental results shows the efficiency of this model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Halide perovskite materials have attracted worldwide attention in the photovoltaic area due to the rapid improvement in efficiency, from less than 4% in 2009 to 26.1% in 2023 with only a nanometer lever photo-active layer. Meanwhile, this nova star found applications in many other areas, such as light emitting, sensor, etc. This review started with the fundamentals of physics and chemistry behind the excellent performance of halide perovskite materials for photovoltaic/light emitting and the methods for preparing them. Then, it described the basic principles for solar cells and light emitting devices. It summarized the strategies including nanotechnology to improve the performance and the application of halide perovskite materials in these two areas: from structure–property relation to how each component in the devices affects the overall performance. Moreover, this review listed the challenges for the future applications of halide perovskite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of industrial field lubrication management, the main gear box of large-scale mechanical equipment mainly has the pollution problem of nano-particles and micron particles, which often causes severe wear on the tooth surface. Therefore, it is of great value to study the effects of nano and micron SiO2 particles on the tribological properties of industrial gear oil and the actual wear of gear boxes. In this paper, five typical sizes of nano and micron SiO2 particles were selected, and then they were added to new industrial gear oil according to 6 concentrations. Thereafter, the kinematic viscosity, load-carrying capacity, and friction coefficient of oil samples were tested. And the wear scar diameter, wear scar micromorphology, and wear scar surface element of the steel balls were also tested. The specific effects of particle size and concentration on the tribological performance of industrial gear oil were obtained by comparing the test results of SiO2 particle oil samples with the new gear oil. Finally, the lubrication mechanisms of SiO2 particles in four-ball friction pairs and gear friction pairs were derived. The research proves that nano and micron SiO2 particles can affect the establishment of oil film or the formation of chemical film in the friction pair, thus aggravating the actual wear of industrial gear boxes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Petroleum Research & Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural, Environmental & Veterinary Sciences is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Burns are the consequence of tissue harm caused by extended exposure to extreme heat, sunlight radiation, other types of radiation, chemicals, or electricity. Burns can vary from minor to life-threatening, and the appropriate treatment depends on the seriousness and location of the burn. Severe and extensive burns necessitate immediate medical attention, and some individuals may need specialized care centers and ongoing medical check-ups for several months. Electric burns occur when the skin is exposed to a weak or strong electric shock, and they can be categorized as mild or severe depending on the length and intensity of the shock. In this case study, we present the treatment of a severe electric burn on a 10-year-old boy's right leg using nano-zinc bandages. The use of these bandages proved to be highly effective in healing the child's injured leg. This case study discusses the treatment of a severe electric burn in a 10-year-old boy using zinc nanoparticles. The authors observed positive outcomes in terms of skin healing after the application of nano-zinc bandages. Zinc nanoparticles have attracted attention due to their antimicrobial properties and ability to aid wound healing. The main significant clinical output is that the case suggests the potential of zinc nanoparticles in aiding wound healing for burns and emphasizing the need for further research on their effectiveness and safety on a larger scale. However, it is important to note that this is a single case study for burning treatments and further research is required to determine the effectiveness and safety of zinc nanoparticles in burn treatment. Resumen: Las quemaduras son la consecuencia del daño en los tejidos causado por la exposición prolongada al calor extremo, la radiación solar, otros tipos de radiación, productos químicos o electricidad. Las quemaduras pueden variar desde leves hasta potencialmente mortales, y el tratamiento adecuado depende de la gravedad y ubicación de la quemadura. Las quemaduras severas y extensas requieren atención médica inmediata, y algunas personas pueden necesitar centros de atención especializada y controles médicos continuos durante varios meses. Las quemaduras eléctricas ocurren cuando la piel se expone a una descarga eléctrica débil o fuerte, y pueden ser clasificadas como leves o severas según la duración e intensidad de la descarga. En este estudio de caso, presentamos el tratamiento de una grave quemadura eléctrica en la pierna derecha de un niño de 10 años utilizando vendajes de nano-zinc. El uso de estos vendajes demostró ser altamente efectivo en la curación de la pierna lesionada del niño. Este estudio de caso discute el tratamiento de una severa quemadura eléctrica en un niño de 10 años utilizando nanopartículas de zinc. Los autores observaron resultados positivos en términos de curación de la piel tras la aplicación de los vendajes de nano-zinc. Las nanopartículas de zinc han llamado la atención debido a sus propiedades antimicrobianas y capacidad para ayudar en la curación de heridas. El principal resultado clínico significativo es que se sugiere el potencial de las nanopartículas de zinc para ayudar en la curación de quemaduras y se destaca la necesidad de más investigaciones sobre su efectividad y seguridad a mayor escala. Sin embargo, es importante tener en cuenta que este es un solo estudio de caso sobre tratamientos para quemaduras y se requiere más investigación para determinar la efectividad y seguridad de las nanopartículas de zinc en el tratamiento de quemaduras.

Abstract A field experiment was carried out during the agricultural season 2021-2022 in two locations within the administrative borders of Nineveh Governorate, the first location in the Gleokhan area within the borders of Mosul Center and the second location within the administrative borders of Namrod district, which is 45 km from the center of Mosul district, in order to know the effect of the balanced NPK 20:20:20 compound fertilizer nano the growth and yield of four varieties of bread wheat. The global experiment was carried out, which consisted of two factors, a randomized complete block design, and three replications. The first factor was fertilizer levels with four levels (1, 2, and 3 gm.L-1) added in two phases. The first is in the tillers stage (Z 2-1) and the second stage is at the beginning of the boating stage (Z 4-0) on the Zadoks scale, in addition to the comparison treatment, which was the traditional farmer’s method of fertilization (adding urea and dab fertilizer according to the times and quantities recommended by the Ministry Iraqi Agriculture), the second factor, four varieties of local bread wheat (Bhoth 22, Abu Ghraib, Rashid and Jihan), the following characteristics were studied: plant height, number of tillers, flag leaf area, total chlorophyll content of flag leaf, number of days up to 50% flowering, number of spikes, spike length, number of grains per spike, grain yield, weight of 1000 grains. The most important results of the study were as follows: The comparison treatment (the traditional farmer's method) excelled in the total chlorophyll content of the Gleokhan site and in the number of spikes and weight of 1000 grains in the Namrod site, with values of (28.41 Spad, 267.75 spikes.m-2, and 44.91 g), respectively. The 1 g spray treatment excelled in the characteristics of the number of tillers, number of spikes, length of spike, grain yield, and weight of 1000 grains at the Gleokhan site, and in the two characteristics of leaf area and spike length at the Namrod site, with averages of (178.17 tiller.m-2, 100.08 spikes.m-2, 8.58 cm , 128.83 g.m-2, 35.20 g, 34.46 cm2 and 10.85 cm) in the aforementioned order. The 3 g spray treatment was superior in the characteristics of plant height for both sites, the number of days up to 50% flowering, and grain yield of the Namrod site, with rates of (54.42 cm, 80.77 cm, 135.83 days, and 332.17 g.m-2), respectively. No significant differences were recorded between the levels of fertilizer in terms of flag leaf area and number of days up to 50% flowering for Gleokhan site and number of grains per spike for both sites. The cultivar Bhoth 22 excelled in terms of total chlorophyll content and the weight of 1000 grains at the Gleokhan site, and for the characteristics of the number of tillers, number of days up to 50% flowering, number of spikes, and grain yield of the Namrod site, as averages were recorded (27.29 Spad, 34.23 g, 302.75 tiller.m-2, 134.92 days, 290.17 spike.m-2 and 405.42 g m-2) respectively. The Abu Ghraib cultivar achieved superiority in the number of grains per spike at Al-Namrod site, with an average of (46.43 grains.spike-1). The cultivar Rashid excelled in the characteristics of the number of tillers, number of spikes, and spike length at the Gleokhan site, and for the two characteristics of the flag leaf area and spike length at the Namrod site, where the rates were recorded (169.08 tiller.m-2, 104.58 spike.m-2, 8.56 cm, 34.55 cm2 and 12.98 cm), respectively. The cultivar Jihan achieved superiority in the two characteristics of the number of days up to 50% flowering and grain yield at Gleokhan site, with values of (131 days and 108.08 g.m-2), respectively. No significant differences were recorded between the cultivars included in the study in the characteristics of plant height, flag leaf area, number of grains per spike for Gleokhan site, and for the two characteristics of total chlorophyll content and weight of 1000 grains for Namrod site. The interaction of 1 g spray treatment with Jihan cultivar recorded the highest average grain yield at Gleokhan site, and the 3 g spray treatment with Bhoth 22 cultivar had the highest average grain yield at Namrod site with values of (301 and 487.67 g.m-2), respectively.

Nanostructured hybrid functional perovskite materials are an exciting domain of electroceramic materials and have created attention among researchers due to the coexistence of multiple properties like piezo and ferroelectricity. It offers a broad range of applications in optics and electronics technology. One of its kinds, bismuth sodium titanate (Bi0·5Na0·5TiO3-BNT) nanomaterials, possesses an integral and significant role in advanced electronic industries. This article aims to systemize the deliberation related to the development of bismuth sodium titanate-based nanomaterials, including the study of nanomaterial morphology mechanism, fabrication methods, crystal structure, and its role in many other novel applications. This work focuses on analyzing behavior based on synthesis methods, the proposed approaches for optimizing morphology, and current challenges. Challenges and opportunities connected with the BNT nanomaterials are elaborated. This study could motivate young researchers to study and develop novel BNT-based nanomaterials so that we could get the best out of the research.

Boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT) is a promising therapeutic method for malignant tumors and has entered the clinical trials. As a binary cellular accurate therapy, BNCT relies on tumor-targeting boron delivery. It is intriguing for boron delivery design that selective recognization, target, and accumulation are based on specific or differential expression receptors on the tumor cell surface. Several delivery strategies targeting other subcellular organelles have also emerged. Here, we summarized the selection, challenges, and improvement of boron targeting delivery methods in small molecule boron drugs and boron-containing nanoparticles. In the future, new technologies, new methods, and new ideas include target receptors finding via omics, ligands optimization via machine learning, and establishment of modular boron cores based on receptors and ligands libraries, thereby provide great convenience for the development of molecular-targeted boron drugs and multi-targeted boron drugs.

Recently, there has been a significant increase in the use of deep learning and low-computing edge devices for analysis of video-based systems, particularly in the field of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). One promising application of computer vision techniques in ITS is in the development of lowcomputing and accurate vehicle counting systems that can be used to eliminate dependence on external cloud computing resources. This paper proposes a compact, reliable and real-time vehicle counting solution which can be deployed on low-computational requirement edge computing devices. The system makes use of a custom-built vehicle detection algorithm based on the you only look once version 8 nano (YOLOv8n), combined with a deep association metric (DeepSORT) object tracking algorithm and an efficient vehicle counting method for accurate counting of vehicles in highway scenes. The system is trained to detect, track and count four distinct vehicle classeses, namely: car, motorcycle, bus, and truck. The proposed system was able to achieve an average vehicle detection mean average precision (mAP) score of 97.5%, a vehicle counting accuracy score of 96.8% and an average speed of 19.4 frames per second (FPS), all while being deployed on a compact Nvidia Jetson Nano edge-computing device. The proposed system outperforms other previously proposed tools in terms of both accuracy and speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Photothermal materials are materials that have strong absorption in the near-infrared region (760-1500 nm) and can convert the absorbed near-infrared light energy into heat, which have potential applications in the fields of energy conversion, photothermal imaging, bacterial infections, and photothermal treatment of tumors. However, the current preparation process of inorganic nano-photothermal materials has the problems of high cost, cumbersome synthesis process with long cycle time, and biocompatibility and cytotoxicity which bring some difficulties for clinical applications. In this paper, we propose to prepare near-infrared inorganic nanomaterials from pyritum (FeS2), a mineral drug included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, which has low cost, simple preparation process, abundant raw material sources, and excellent biocompatibility. Pyritum has the efficacy of dispersing blood stasis, relieving pain, renewing tendons and bones, and is mostly used for the treatment of bruises and injuries, tendon and bone fractures, bruises and pain, and it is one of the commonly used medicines in Chinese medicine for injuries in all the editions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, which was firstly contained in Leigong Baozhi Lun in North and South Dynasties period, and has been used for more than 1,000 years, and there has not yet been any report on the preparation of nano-pyrophotothermal nanomaterials from the Chinese traditional Chinese medicine pyritum. [Methods] In this paper, the pyritum was calcined and then quenched in vinegar solution, after which it was finely ground into powder, which was mixed with surfactant F127 solution and put into ball mill for ball milling, and after ball milling, the powder was subjected to magnetic separation of impurities, and freeze-drying, which resulted in the desired photothermal nanomaterials of the mineral medicine pyritum. [Results] The prepared calcined pyritum nanoparticles are Fe7S8-dominated physical phase with Fe content of 60.62% at the calcination temperature of 800 °C, and have excellent light absorption properties in the wavelength range of 300 nm-800 nm,The pyritumprocessed product formed by roasting and vinegar quenching at 800 °C has many honeycomb and bubble-like protrusions and faults by acetic acid erosion, and is more easily crushed than the raw product. After ball milling for 6 h, the nanoparticles showed a hydrodynamic size of about 374.99 nm, an irregular spherical-like structure, and still in the physical phase of Fe7S8. Under the irradiation condition of near-infrared 808 nm wavelength light with a power of 0.39 W/cm², the temperature of the surface of the nanomaterials could be increased to 130.0 °C in 5 min, so they have an excellent photothermal effect. In the near-infrared five-cycle photothermal conversion experiments, the temperature of the 1st laser irradiated powder increased from 33.5 °C to 51.4 °C after 5 min; the temperature of the powder could be increased to -51 °C or so after 5 min of laser irradiation from the 2nd to the 5th time, which indicated that the photothermal performance of the concoction nanoparticles prepared by the pyritun fire calcination and vinegar quenching and ball milling and magnetic separation was stable. [Conclusion] This low-cost, simple preparation and synthesis process, good biocompatibility and excellent photothermal conversion ability of pyritum nanophotothermal materials have great potential for future applications in the biomedical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthetic nano-calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) is widely known for its ability to act as crystal nuclei in ordinary portland cement. Material performance is largely influenced by its microstructure. Here, nano-CSH was prepared by different siliceous raw materials (Na2SiO3 or Na2SiO3·5H2O). It was found that nano-CSH can be obtained from Na2SiO3 or Na2SiO3·5H2O in the presence of Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and NaOH solution and were labeled as CSH-0 and CSH-5, respectively. The average particle size of CSH-0 and CSH-5 was about 80 nm, and the polymerization degrees of silicon and oxygen atoms in CSH-0 and CSH-5 were different. CSH-0 and CSH-5 can increase the rate of hydration and significantly enhance the early strength of portland cement. Further, CSH-0 and CSH-5 can provide nucleation sites for CSH hydration product; however, CSH-0 and CSH-5 can also react with the calcium ions in the cement paste and produce calcium silicate hydrate with a high Ca/Si ratio. Compared with CSH-5, CSH-0 with a lower Ca/Si ratio can consume more calcium ions in the cement paste. CSH-0 promoted cement hydration better, decreased the volume fractions of macropores, and increased compressive strength more significantly due to the synergistic effect of the nanocrystal nucleus and reactivity with calcium ions in solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology, with its gigantic nature, has broken the boundaries of different branches of science and provided the basis for using the results and possibilities in many areas to improve the quality of life. This approach will help you systematically investigate the impact of volume percentage and aspect ratio on the thermal conductivity coefficient of carbon nanotube nanoparticles within a Representative Volume Elements (RVE) using Monte Carlo simulations in MATLAB. The aim of this study was to model the thermal conductivity of polyethylene-based composite reinforced with helical carbon nanotubes using the finite element method. It shows that the heat conduction coefficient value increases with the increase in the volume percentage, aspect ratio, and radius of helical nanoparticles, and this increase is the most effective factor for the volume percentage between 0.73% and 9.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]