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The application of partial nitritation-anammox (PN/A) under mainstream conditions can enable substantial cost savings at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), but how process conditions and cell physiology affect anammox performance at psychrophilic temperatures below 15 °C remains poorly understood. We tested 14 anammox communities, including 8 from globally-installed PN/A processes, for (i) specific activity at 10–30 °C, (ii) composition of membrane lipids, and (iii) microbial community structure. We observed that membrane composition and cultivation temperature were closely related to the activity of anammox biomasses. The size of ladderane lipids and the content of bacteriohopanoids were key physiological components related to anammox performance at low temperatures. We also indicate that the adaptation of mesophilic cultures to psychrophilic regime necessitates months, but in some cases can take up to 5 years. Interestingly, biomass enriched in the marine genus “Candidatus Scalindua” displayed outstanding potential for nitrogen removal from cold streams. Collectively, our comprehensive study provides essential knowledge of cold adaptation mechanism, will enable more accurate modelling and suggests highly promising target anammox genera for inoculation and set-up of anammox reactors, in particular for mainstream WWTPs., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Sanitary Engineering, BT/Environmental Biotechnology

The adaptation of bacteria involved in anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) to low temperatures will enable more efficient removal of nitrogen from sewage across seasons. At lower temperatures, bacteria typically tune the synthesis of their membrane lipids to promote membrane fluidity. However, such adaptation of anammox bacteria lipids, including unique ladderane phospholipids and especially shorter ladderanes with absent phosphatidyl headgroup, is yet to be described in detail. We investigated the membrane lipids composition (UPLC–HRMS/MS) and dominant anammox populations (16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, Fluorescence in situ hybridization) in 14 anammox enrichments cultivated at 10–37 °C. “Candidatus Brocadia” appeared to be the dominant organism in all but two laboratory enrichments of “Ca. Scalindua” and “Ca. Kuenenia”. At lower temperatures, the membranes of all anammox populations were composed of shorter [5]-ladderane ester (reduced chain length demonstrated by decreased fraction of C20/(C18 + C20)). This confirmed the previous preliminary evidence on the prominent role of this ladderane fatty acid in low-temperature adaptation. “Ca. Scalindua” and “Ca. Kuenenia” had distinct profile of ladderane lipids compared to “Ca. Brocadia” biomasses with potential implications for adaptability to low temperatures. “Ca. Brocadia” membranes contained a much lower amount of C18 [5]-ladderane esters than reported in the literature for “Ca. Scalindua” at similar temperature and measured here, suggesting that this could be one of the reasons for the dominance of “Ca. Scalindua” in cold marine environments. Furthermore, we propose additional and yet unreported mechanisms for low-temperature adaptation of anammox bacteria, one of which involves ladderanes with absent phosphatidyl headgroup. In sum, we deepen the understanding of cold anammox physiology by providing for the first time a consistent comparison of anammox-based communities across multiple environments., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Sanitary Engineering, BT/Environmental Biotechnology

Práce je věnována poměrně novému odvětví na českém trhu, které se začalo rozvíjet po r.1989 -biozemědělství, ale přesto je do určité míry stále na začátku. To potvrzuje i chování větších zahraničních firem, které váhají se vstupem na český trh. Všechny tyto skutečnosti se odrážejí i na úrovni marketingových komunikací. Situace v prodeji se ale neustále vyvíjí. Určitá změna v chování a přístupu k bioproduktům u velkých supermarketů naznačuje, že biopotraviny jsou atraktivní komoditou na trhu potravin. Ve své práci se zaměřuji na Zahradnictví Luční údolí Velehrad, které působí v oboru více než 10 let a analyzuji jeho situaci na trhu a dosavadní marketingové komunikace. Na základě této analýzy v závěru práce navrhuji další možnosti a směry v marketingových komunikacích pro tuto biofarmu., The bachelor's thesis represents relatively new economic field of the Czech market which has begun to grow since 1989, but anyhow is still at the beginning in some ways - bioagriculture. This bears relation to abroad corporations and their lingering about entry to the Czech market. All these facts reflect a situation on the level of marketing communications. The retail situation is still in progress anyway. Positive change in behavior and approach to bioproducts on the part of large hypermarkets implies that bioproducts are attractive food market commodity. I am focusing on bio-farm Zahradnictví Luční údolí Velehrad which works on the Czech market for more than 10 years, and analyzing its market position and present marketing communications. Based on the analysis at the end of my bachelor's thesis, I propose further possibilities and directions for their marketing communications., Ústav marketingových komunikací, obhájeno