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The application of three different categories such as swarm-based, physics-based, and evolutionary-based techniques to various optimization problems related to different fields gained importance due to accuracy, speed and least chance to fall in local minima. Although there are number of physics based optimization techniques available to solve the optimization problems, however, they suffer from their complexity and may require multiple runs to achieve the optimum value. This paper focuses on a simple physics based problem which outperforms few of the existing algorithms. This work investigates the physics-based Lens formula integration using a population-based approach. The contender for a population-level solution to picture obstructions created by a convex, concave, or combination of the two lenses is the item with multiple dimensional locations. The object's location is updated using the image position. The fundamental goals of population-based optimization algorithms are highlighted by the concave, convex, or combination of both lenses, which enhances the speed of exploration, exploitation, and local optimum avoidance of the search space. The focal length equation, controls how the object's picture is produced, may be altered by specifying a number of random and adaptive factors to highlight the exploitation and exploration of the search space. The capacity of the proposed algorithm for exploitation, exploration, utilisation of the search space, avoidance of local minima, and attainment of global maxima is validated using unimodal, multimodal, and composite benchmark functions. In addition, a variety of real-world engineering issues taken into account to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm. The observations compared with few fundamental optimization techniques of the same category and found the proposed solution better performing in some context than the existing ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyphase permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) model outstanding performance in comparison to three phase permanent magnet synchronous motors and this is possible because of the recent development in power electronics. Five phase permanent magnet synchronous motors have significant applications in aerospace and electric vehicles where highly accurate speed and torque control of the motor are a major requirement. This paper presents a detailed analysis of vector controlled five phase permanent magnet synchronous motors in terms of efficiency, power, speed and torque ripple analysis along with the power factor analysis at different speeds. The average torque, torque ripple, speed, speed ripple and power factor for same are calculated and analyzed. The analysis has been carried out through MATLAB Simulink Power Graphical User Interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Partial shading (PS) is a major challenge faced by photovoltaic (PV) arrays invoking mismatch loss (ML). In this paper, the effect of PS on PV array performance is analyzed through experimental results and MATLAB simulation. The effect of PS on PV characteristics is investigated in two conditions. In condition one, modules are not coupled with bypass diodes, and in condition two modules are equipped with bypass diodes. New mathematical equations have been derived to calculate ML for condition one, and for condition two; locations of power peaks are identified in the power-voltage (P-V) curve. For both the conditions, theoretical results are verified through experimental results. From the obtained results it is observed that the error in loss calculation for condition one is less than 2% and for condition two, power peaks are being identified analytically with less than 3% error. To reduce the effect of PS on PV array, different configurations of the PV array were considered in the earlier literature. Among all, Total Cross Tied (TCT) PV array configuration is popularly used for its improved performance. To curtail the cost of TCT, two-hybrid array configurations such as TCT with bridge link (TCT+BL) and TCT with honey-comb (TCT+HC) are proposed here. Performances of different array configurations are analyzed considering various parameters such as global maximum power point (GMPP), currents and voltages at GMPP, the number of local peaks, shading losses, and mismatch losses. It is observed that proposed array configurations outshine in performance by reducing the amount of ML and the number of local peaks in the P-V graph, mainly for the stochastic shading patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comparative analysis of power handling capability, harmonics, losses and cost of three phase, five phase and seven phase inverter which are the main criteria for selection of inverter applied to hybrid electric vehicle. The above performances of the multiphase inverter with different conduction angle are presented to trade off the best suited inverter for hybrid electric vehicle application. The 6th harmonic pulsating torque created due to 5th and 7th harmonic component and 12th harmonic pulsating torque created due to 11th and 13th harmonic which affect the smooth movement of the vehicle at the time of starting and braking condition. This paper gives a clear idea about the comparison of the above harmonic component for different conduction angle scenario of 3phase, 5phase and 7phase inverter. The equations of the performance criteria such output voltage, THD, power handling, losses, etc has been mathematically estimated and verified through Matlab Simulink Power Graphical User Interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm is proposed to estimate three unknown parameters of the PV module. • The proposed method is compared with another popular method named as particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. • Three different PV modules are successfully tested via single diode model. • Different statistical errors are calculated, and it is found the minimum for the proposed method. This paper proposes a novel parameter estimation technique for photovoltaic (PV) module considering grey wolf optimization (GWO). Manufacturer data sheet of PV module does not provide all essential parameters of PV module for modelling. Therefore for accurate modelling of PV module, an efficient parameter estimation technique is necessary to estimate the unknown parameters of the PV module. Since conventional estimation methods do not estimate PV parameters with high accuracy, therefore bio-inspired techniques have drawn considerable attention toward it. GWO is a new optimization technique which exhibits high efficiency for optimizing nonlinear equations. Therefore GWO technique is explored here for parameter estimation of PV module under changing weather conditions. The proposed GWO technique is employed for parameter estimation of different PV modules under different test conditions. GWO technique is compared with another popular optimization technique named as particle swarm optimization (PSO) and found having better fitness value compared to PSO. The proposed model is validated through experimental data under different weather conditions and found matching accurately with measured values. Considering different statistical errors, the discussed model has been compared with other well-known models found in the literature. The results show the superiority of the proposed model with a minimum error for both current-voltage and power-voltage characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel switch current stress reduction technique for a single switch boost-flyback high step up dc–dc converter. Coupled inductor-based converters do not have a sufficiently higher inductance value of their windings. This creates current surge during transient and steady state, which in turn increases current stress at main switch. To compensate this difficulty in coupled inductor-based boost flyback converter, an inductor–diode parallel combination has been connected in series with the switch. This technique increases the effective inductance of the coupled inductor primary winding during switch turn-on operation and helps to reduce current stress. Steady-state operating principle with the proposed technique is analyzed in continuous conduction mode. The current reduction technique is discussed with a proper mathematical derivation. To verify theoretical findings, simulation study is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink R2014b. Finally, a laboratory-based 40-W prototype converter is designed to show the effectiveness of the proposed switch current reduction technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, component values of analog active filters are selected based on the manufacturer's values of E series. The selection is based on optimization algorithms and here one is nature-inspired meta-heuristic optimization algorithm, called Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), and another one is the physics-based method called Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA), are used for active filter design. The capability of optimization of the above algorithms is evaluated by considering the two active filters of a 4th order Butterworth and State variable filter. The performances of each algorithm are analyzed by applying to above two different filter structures, where the component values are determined by making compatible with different E series manufacturer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this paper, a novel analysis of a single switch boost‐flyback integrated DC‐DC converter is accomplished under mixed CCM‐DCM mode operation. Because of the impact of reverse recovery during CCM‐DCM mode operation, a large voltage stress appears on the devices in comparison with CCM‐CCM operation. The devices are required to be saved from the attack of such stresses with a proper snubber design. Thus, a complete realization of the voltage stress on the devices, required for effective snubber parameter design, is carried out in this article. Further, the effect of voltage stress on the devices under different mode of operation with variation in duty ratio and/or variation in coupled inductor energy releasing period is analyzed. Validation of this study is carried out with a prototype of 50 W capacity, operated with light load conditions to attain CCM‐DCM mode effectively. In this paper, voltage stress on semiconductor devices of a coupled inductor based dc‐dc boost converter under mixed CCM‐DCM operation is carried out. The possibility of transition from CCM to DCM is quite practicable for solar photovoltaic‐based applications leading to failure in snubber protection if snubber parameters designed considering CCM operation only. This study enables the designers to estimate the snubber parameters to achieve efficient and reliable operation of the converter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In conventional design method, the parameters of an active filter cannot be selected based on manufactured parameters such as E series. However, this can be feasibly obtained using optimization technique through an exhaustive search on all possible combination of preferred values of E series by providing the coding system. The exhaustive search for low pass second order filter is carried out through Meta-heuristic optimization Algorithms. The cost function for error minimization including compatible to E series and gain adaptive are used here as objective function for finding out minima through well known algorithms. The inclusion of gain constrained concept eliminates the extra op-amp cascading to state variable filter circuit which reduces the noise and dimension of cost function; in addition, improves the stability of the system. The performances of Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) and Sine-Cosine Algorithm (SCA), nature and physics-inspired artificial intelligence techniques are evaluated for state variable filter design considering gain constrained. Each of above algorithms is applied to filter structure and performances of them are also evaluated when filter design is realized with components selected from different manufactured E series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The component value selection for active analogue filter design is an important issue to improve the performances and to make compatible with existing parameters value. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) are efficient intelligent evolutionary algorithms for solving optimization problems. Both techniques are used to minimize the total design error of a 4th order Butterworth low pass active filter. This would be realized with component values which are compatible with E12 series. In addition, stability of filter is guaranteed by minimization of gain sensitivity product. By considering the minimization of Gain Sensitivity Product (GSP), the sixteen variables of objective function are reduced to eight variables which speed up the iteration process. The simulation results prove the efficiency of algorithms for the design of analogue active filter by optimizing the component values based on E12 compatible with minimization of GSP by minimising the design error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a concise and an organized review of various maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms implemented in the photovoltaic (PV) generation system useable under partial shading condition. Various algorithms, PV modeling techniques, PV array configurations and controller topologies have been widely explored till date. But, every technique always has its advantages as well as disadvantages simultaneously; as a result, a proper literature review is essential while designing a PV generation system (PGS) under partial shading condition. In this paper, the detailed review of MPPT algorithms has been done. The review on MPPT techniques has been classified into mainly four essential groups. The first among them includes all the new MPPT optimization algorithms, the second group includes the hybrid MPPT algorithms, the third category includes new modeling approach, and the fourth category includes the various converter topologies. This paper provides an accessible reference to undertake mass research works in PV systems in the near future under partial shading condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few years, photovoltaic (PV) installations have experienced a surge in popularity, primarily driven by growing environmental concerns. However, the rise of large-scale PV installations has brought about challenges, such as the risk of overvoltage and grid overload. Instances of voltage violations notably escalate with increased PV penetration, often leading to inverter shutdowns. These occurrences cast a shadow over the viability of implementing high PV penetration. Moreover, integrating a substantial intermittent power source into an outdated power grid raises concerns about the reliability of the entire power network. Enhancing the power system to accommodate significant intermittent power poses a considerable challenge, and retrofitting the entire system would be prohibitively expensive. To address these issues without incurring exorbitant costs, the adoption of flexible power point tracking (FPPT) emerges as a crucial solution. FPPT effectively reduces ripple current stress, thereby extending the lifespan of critical components in a grid-connected PV system, including PV panels, DC link capacitors, and PV inverters. The significance of this research is underscored through an analytical study that scrutinizes various system entities, considering maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and FPPT separately. Furthermore, theoretical observations are substantiated by simulation results on the Matlab platform, illustrating the practical impact of FPPT compared to MPPT. Analytical findings highlight an overall improvement in the lifespan of system components when FPPT is employed as a substitute for MPPT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper highlights the study and implementation of various types of Fuzzy structures using rule based interfaces for steady state and transient analysis with Hardware in Loop validation. A mathematical modeling of Type III DFIG based modified wind turbine is designed to develop maximum efficiency during faults. The modified wind turbine is controlled by various controller s illustrated in this chapter. The Mode 1 and Mode 2 are basic controllers rather the mode 3 and mode 4 are proposed controllers using derivative and integral control to active power with PI and Fuzzy logic to reactive power. This control enhance the transient stability of the wind d turbine system. The active and reactive power can be controlled and faster response can be achieved under fault conditions. All the mode results are discussed and a comparison with proposed technique is highlighted in this work. The model is designed using MATLAB simulink and the case studies are explained by taking different wind speeds and fault conditions. The model is validated using TYPHOON hardware in Loop Real Time software to get comparative results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the selection of dc-dc converter and control variable required to track the maximum power of photovoltaic (PV) array, to optimize the utilization of solar power. To reduce the maintenance cost and to simplify the model, the battery has not been used in the proposed PV system mainly used for cooking and heating applications. Since the battery has not been used, selection of dc-dc converter is an important consideration of the PV system in standalone applications. In the proposed system converter is selected based on maximum power transfer theorem which is dependent on load resistance. Different load resistance is considered for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with different converter topologies, and it has been observed that buck-boost converter is suitable for any load resistance connected in the PV system. An effort has been taken to suitably choosing the control variable which is the output signal of the maximum power point (MPP) tracker. Control variable which is dependent on inputs of MPP tracker is decided based on the stability of the system. Two MPP trackers are designed based on neural-network (NN) controller and perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm. The tracking capabilities of both NN controller and the P&O algorithm is compared with the variation of irradiation and found that tracking capability of NN controller is better than P&O method. The system is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink environment, and the results show that NN controller tracks MPP at a faster rate with reduced oscillation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased power demand needs the installation of more power-generating units. Apart from conventional power generating stations based on fossil fuel combustion, recently solar power generating stations have attracted a large stake due to various advantages. However, the increased power generation also needs to be focused on various factors like stability, and reliability of the grid system leading to putting more emphasis on active power control techniques. This article reviews different active power control methods including conventional and flexible horizons. The focus of this article is to analyze the reliability factor while extracting power from solar plants. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a well-known strategy for the maximum utilization of solar energy. However, as the dependency on solar energy rises the conventional control strategy needs to be modified for active grid participation of the PV systems. This can be performed by incorporating Flexible Power Point Tracking (FPPT) control strategies instead of MPPT. In this article, a comparison of the two techniques has been performed to choose the best method based on the requirement. Further, the impact of both systems on the grid system has been briefed in this article. Also, benchmarking has been proposed from the analysis to switch over between the modes depending on the power availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the impact of leakage current and its dependency on common mode voltage in transformer less single-phase grid connected photovoltaic (PV) system. Further a new carrier-based PWM method is derived for H bridge single-phase grid-tied PV inverter to minimize leakage current. The proposed modulation strategy is compared with conventional techniques through simulation in MATLAB R2018a. The superiority of the proposed technique is validated in laboratory prototype of a 500 W single-phase grid-tied PV system. The hardware results validate the theoretical findings in appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Bootstrap capacitor in FET gate driver plays an important role in the transient performance of the half bridge configured synchronous buck DC‐DC converter especially in the top switch. In this paper, a new bootstrap capacitor based GaN‐FET driver is proposed. This new GaN‐FET driver is tested in a synchronous buck converter for performance verification like dvdt immunity, transient response, and voltage ringing. A comparison study with the existing LM5113 (Texas Instrument)–based driver for GaN‐FET and IR2110‐based Si‐MOSFET driver on a DC‐DC converter is carried out to show the performance improvement using the proposed GaN‐FET driver. The simulation study is performed on spice‐based NI‐Multisim 14.1. Finally, the designed GaN‐FET driver is tested on a 60‐W synchronous buck DC‐DC converter in open‐loop and closed‐loop configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]