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The present study aimed to identify fungal species, specifically Chaetomium bostrychodes and Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae, isolated from seeds of five wheat cultivars: Mahmoudia (MHD), Babil (BBL), Bohooth (BTH), Adena (ADN), and Wefia (WAF). Phenotypic identification of both fungi was conducted based on morphological and microscopic characteristics. Molecular diagnosis, employing internal transcribed spacer primers (ITS1 and ITS4), was utilized to ascertain the species' identity. The morphometric and microscopic results for both fungi demonstrated a consistent agreement with previously published findings related to fungal features. Molecular sequences further confirmed the identity of these species, with a sequence similarity percentage of 90% for C. bostrychodes (KP216865.1 deposited at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/) and 98% for N. novaehollandiae (MT397136.1). Notably, this study marks the first documentation of C. bostrychodes and N. novaehollandiae as wheat seed-borne fungi in Iraq. The molecular confirmation adds a robust layer to the identification process, providing a comprehensive understanding of the fungal species present in the examined wheat cultivars. This novel report contributes valuable insights into the fungal diversity associated with wheat seeds in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Harran Journal of Agricultural & Food Science is the property of Harran University, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, a clearly defined plant pathogenic fungus of the family Botryosphaeriaceae. The pathogen affects a wide range of woody perennial crops and ornamental plants causing symptoms such as leaf spot, shoot blight, branch dieback, canker, pre‐ and post‐harvest fruit rot, gummosis and root rot. The pathogen is present in Africa, Asia, North and South America, and Oceania. It has also been reported from Greece, Cyprus and Italy, with a restricted distribution. Nevertheless, there is a key uncertainty on the geographical distribution of N. dimidiatum worldwide and in the EU, because in the past, when molecular tools were not available, the two synanamorphs of the pathogen (Fusicoccum‐like and Scytalidium‐like) might have been misidentified based only on morphology and pathogenicity tests. N. dimidiatum is not included in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. Because of the wide host range of the pathogen, this pest categorisation focuses on those hosts for which there is robust evidence that the pathogen was formally identified by a combination of morphology, pathogenicity and multilocus sequence analysis. Plants for planting, fresh fruits and bark and wood of host plants as well as soil and other plant growing media are the main pathways for the further entry of the pathogen into the EU. Host availability and climate suitability factors occurring in parts of the EU are favourable for the further establishment of the pathogen. In the areas of its present distribution, including Italy, the pathogen has a direct impact on cultivated hosts. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent the further introduction and spread of the pathogen into the EU. N. dimidiatum satisfies the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as potential Union quarantine pest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, a clearly defined plant pathogenic fungus of the family Botryosphaeriaceae. The pathogen affects a wide range of woody perennial crops and ornamental plants causing symptoms such as leaf spot, shoot blight, branch dieback, canker, pre‐ and post‐harvest fruit rot, gummosis and root rot. The pathogen is present in Africa, Asia, North and South America, and Oceania. It has also been reported from Greece, Cyprus and Italy, with a restricted distribution. Nevertheless, there is a key uncertainty on the geographical distribution of N. dimidiatum worldwide and in the EU, because in the past, when molecular tools were not available, the two synanamorphs of the pathogen (Fusicoccum‐like and Scytalidium‐like) might have been misidentified based only on morphology and pathogenicity tests. N. dimidiatum is not included in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. Because of the wide host range of the pathogen, this pest categorisation focuses on those hosts for which there is robust evidence that the pathogen was formally identified by a combination of morphology, pathogenicity and multilocus sequence analysis. Plants for planting, fresh fruits and bark and wood of host plants as well as soil and other plant growing media are the main pathways for the further entry of the pathogen into the EU. Host availability and climate suitability factors occurring in parts of the EU are favourable for the further establishment of the pathogen. In the areas of its present distribution, including Italy, the pathogen has a direct impact on cultivated hosts. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent the further introduction and spread of the pathogen into the EU. N. dimidiatum satisfies the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as potential Union quarantine pest.

Turkey is one of noteworthy countries for both fruit genetic resources and amount of fruit production in the world. Mulberry is cultivated throughout Turkey, most commonly in Central, Northeast and Southeast Anatolia. Mulberry has a great market potential thanks to its fresh consumption and usage of processed food products. In June 2019, a disease was observed causing deaths in shoots and branches on mulberry trees in Malatya province of Turkey. The causative agent of the disease was identified as Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae according to morphological characteristics and sequencing of TEF 1-α gene (Accession no. MT362602 and MT362603), ITS (Accession no. MT195554 and MT195555) and LSU (Accession no. MT195552 and MT195553). Based on the concatenated sequences of the ITS, TEF 1-α, and LSU, a phylogenetic tree was built using Bayesian analysis. Reactions of nine mulberry cultivars against the disease (‘Ulukale’, ‘Ayaş’, ‘Ichinose’, ‘Poser’, ‘Kenmochi’, ‘Arapgir’, ‘Sarı aşı’, ‘Horum’ and ‘Istanbul’) inoculated with Malatya isolate of N. novaehollandiae were evaluated under growth chamber conditions. All-mulberry cultivars artificially inoculated with N. novaehollandiae isolate exhibited severe necrosis symptoms on woody tissues of tested plants. It was confirmed that N. novaehollandiae is a fungal pathogen associated with dieback and canker on mulberry trees in Turkey for the first time. New mulberry plantations could be endangered by this emerging new disease.

Copyright of Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences (YYU J Agr Sci) is the property of Yuzuncu Yil University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Harran Journal of Agricultural & Food Science is the property of Harran University, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In June 2020, many plants exhibited symptoms of root rot and foliar blight in the experimental field of common sage in Şanlıurfa province, Turkey. The pathogen was identified as Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of partial sequence of the transcription elongation factor 1-α gene and the internal transcribed spacer of rDNA. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by successful re-isolation of the pathogen from inoculated plants in the pathogenicity assay. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of N. novaehollandiae causing root rot and foliar blight of common sage worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One isolate from bark beetle galleries was identified and characterized using morphological and molecular methodology, and described and illustrated based on these data. These results identified a new species distribution record in China for Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae. Species morphology and micrographs are provided in this paper. The specimens are stored in Northeast Forestry University. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Onychomycosis is considered a fungal nail infection caused mainly by dermatophytes, yeasts and non-dermatophyte molds including dematiaceous fungi. Onychomycosis caused by non-dermatophyte molds is a health problem in the medical environment as the patients frequently return to outpatient clinics seeking new therapeutic modalities. Here, we report the first case of onychomycosis caused by a black fungus, Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae, in the right hand finger nail of a 52-year-old Iranian female with no history of immunodeficiency and underlying disease. The pattern of nail involvement was recognized as total dystrophic onychomycosis. Examination of nail scrapings with potassium hydroxide revealed brown, septate and branching sub-hyaline to dark-colored hyphae. The black fungus isolated in culture was identified as Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae by molecular analysis. The patient received oral terbinafine plus ciclopirox nail lacquer twice a week and began responding to the treatment three months after initial antifungal therapy. Additional four weeks' use of terbinafine plus ciclopirox nail lacquer completely resolved the clinical manifestations of onychomycosis. After four months, both microscopy and culture were negative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Onychomycosis is considered a fungal nail infection caused mainly by dermatophytes, yeasts and non-dermatophyte molds including dematiaceous fungi. Onychomycosis caused by non-dermatophyte molds is a health problem in the medical environment as the patients frequently return to outpatient clinics seeking new therapeutic modalities. Here, we report the first case of onychomycosis caused by a black fungus, Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae, in the right hand finger nail of a 52-year-old Iranian female with no history of immunodeficiency and underlying disease. The pattern of nail involvement was recognized as total dystrophic onychomycosis. Examination of nail scrapings with potassium hydroxide revealed brown, septate and branching sub-hyaline to dark-colored hyphae. The black fungus isolated in culture was identified as Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae by molecular analysis. The patient received oral terbinafine plus ciclopirox nail lacquer twice a week and began responding to the treatment three months after initial antifungal therapy. Additional four weeks' use of terbinafine plus ciclopirox nail lacquer completely resolved the clinical manifestations of onychomycosis. After four months, both microscopy and culture were negative., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)