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Background: Firmiana danxiaensis is a critically endangered and ecologically important tree currently only found in four locations in Danxia or Karst habitats in northern Guangdong Province, China. The specialized habitat preference makes it an ideal model species for study of adaptive evolution. Meanwhile, the phylogenetic relationships of F. danxiaensis in four locations under two landforms are unclear. Therefore, we sequenced its complete chloroplast (cp.) genomes and conducted comprehensive interspecific and intrageneric plastome studies. Results: The F. danxiaensis plastomes in four locations showed a typical quadripartite and circular structure that ranged from 160,832 to 161,206 bp in size, with 112 unique genes encoded. Comparative genomics showed that the plastomes of F. danxiaensis were relatively conserved with high similarity of genome organization, gene number, GC content and SSRs. While the genomes revealed higher biased codon preferences in Karst habitat than those in Danxia habitats. Eighteen and 11 divergent hotpots were identified at interspecific and intrageneric levels for species identification and further phylogenetic studies. Seven genes (clpP, accD, ccsA, ndhH, rpl20, rpoC2, and rps4) were under positive selection and may be related to adaptation. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that F. danxiaensis is sister to F. major and F. simplex. However, the interspecific relationships are not consistent with the habitat types. Conclusions: The characteristics and interspecific relationship of F. danxiaensis plastomes provide new insights into further integration of geographical factors, environmental factors, and genetic variations on the genomic study of F. danxiaensis. Together, our study will contribute to the study of species identification, population genetics, and conservation biology of F. danxiaensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The survival, motility and capacitation of sperm in the female reproductive tract are important prerequisites for fertilization. The uterus is the main location for sperm capacitation. One of the most important physiological functions of the endometrial epithelium is to create a suitable uterine environment under the regulation of ovarian hormones, to ensure sperm capacitation. The composition of uterine fluid directly affects sperm capacitation. Fructose is an important component of semen that supports sperm viability and motility. Aldose reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the polyol pathway, metabolizes sorbitol and fructose, thereby supplying cells with necessary energy for functional activities. Existing studies have reported the presence aldose reductase in the endometrium, leading us to hypothesize that its expression in endometrial epithelium might promote sperm capacitation by maintaining the uterine environment. Yet, the mechanism of regulation has not been clarified. In this study, we investigated the expression of aldose reductase in mouse endometrial epithelium and its potential role in sperm capacitation. We initially investigated the periodic characteristics of glucose, fructose and sorbitol in uterine fluid. We then studied the temporal and spatial characteristics of aldose reductase in the endometrial epithelium. Next, we examined the effect of aldose reductase on glucose, fructose and sorbitol in uterine fluid. Finally, we explored the effect of aldose reductase on sperm capacitation and fertilization. The results showed that glucose and fructose content in uterine fluid and the expression of aldose reductase fluctuated periodically during physiological periods. Inhibition of aldose reductase in the endometrial epithelium interfered with sperm capacitation and fertilization by reducing the fructose levels in the uterine fluid. To conclude, the aldose reductase-mediated polyol pathway in endometrial epithelial cells is essential to maintain an appropriate fructose environment in the uterine fluid for sperm capacitation and fertilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mobile health (mHealth) services can not give full play to their value if only it is used in the short term, and their continuous usage can achieve better effects in health management. This study aims to explore the factors that affect continuous usage intentions of mHealth services and their mechanism of action. Methods: First, considering the uniqueness of health services and social environmental factors, this study constructed an extended Expectation Confirmation Model of Information System Continuance (ECM-ISC) to investigate factors that may influence the intention of continuous usage of mHealth services based on three dimensions, namely individual characteristics, technology and environment. Second, the survey method was used to validate the research model. The questionnaire items were derived from validated instruments and discussed by experts and data were collected both online and offline. The structural equation model was used for data analysis. Results: There were 334 avidity questionnaires through cross-sectional data and these participants had used mHealth services ever. The reliability and validity of the test model were good, in which Cronbach's Alpha values of 9 variables exceeded 0.9, composite reliability 0.8, the average variance extracted value 0.5, and the factor loading 0.8. The modified model had a good fitting effect and strong explanatory power. It accounted for 89% of the variance in expectation confirmation, 74% of the variance in perceived usefulness, 92% of the variance in customer satisfaction, and 84% of the variance in continuous usage intention. Compared with the initial model hypotheses, perceived system quality was deleted according to the heterotrait-monotrait ratio, so paths related to it were deleted; perceived usefulness wasn't positively associated with customer satisfaction, and its path was also deleted. Other paths were consistent with the initial hypothesis. The two new added paths were that subjective norm was positively associated with perceived service quality (β = 0.704, P < 0.001), and perceived information quality (β = 0.606, P < 0.001). Electronic health literacy (E-health literacy) was positively associated with perceived usefulness (β = 0.379, P < 0.001), perceived service quality (β = 0.200, P < 0.001), and perceived information quality (β = 0.320, P < 0.001). Continuous usage intention was influenced by perceived usefulness (β = 0.191, P < 0.001), customer satisfaction (β = 0.453, P < 0.001), and subjective norm (β = 0.372, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The study constructed a new theoretical model including E-health literacy, subjective norm and technology qualities to clarify continuous usage intention of mHealth services, and empirically validated the model. Attention should be paid to E-health literacy, subjective norm, perceived information quality, and perceived service quality to improve continuous usage intention of users and self–management by mHealth Apps managers and governments. This research provides solid evidence for the validity of the expanded model of ECM-ISC in the mHealth field, which can be a theoretical and practical basis for mHealth operators' product research and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mobile health (mHealth) services can not give full play to their value if only it is used in the short term, and their continuous usage can achieve better effects in health management. This study aims to explore the factors that affect continuous usage intentions of mHealth services and their mechanism of action. Methods: First, considering the uniqueness of health services and social environmental factors, this study constructed an extended Expectation Confirmation Model of Information System Continuance (ECM-ISC) to investigate factors that may influence the intention of continuous usage of mHealth services based on three dimensions, namely individual characteristics, technology and environment. Second, the survey method was used to validate the research model. The questionnaire items were derived from validated instruments and discussed by experts and data were collected both online and offline. The structural equation model was used for data analysis. Results: There were 334 avidity questionnaires through cross-sectional data and these participants had used mHealth services ever. The reliability and validity of the test model were good, in which Cronbach's Alpha values of 9 variables exceeded 0.9, composite reliability 0.8, the average variance extracted value 0.5, and the factor loading 0.8. The modified model had a good fitting effect and strong explanatory power. It accounted for 89% of the variance in expectation confirmation, 74% of the variance in perceived usefulness, 92% of the variance in customer satisfaction, and 84% of the variance in continuous usage intention. Compared with the initial model hypotheses, perceived system quality was deleted according to the heterotrait-monotrait ratio, so paths related to it were deleted; perceived usefulness wasn't positively associated with customer satisfaction, and its path was also deleted. Other paths were consistent with the initial hypothesis. The two new added paths were that subjective norm was positively associated with perceived service quality (β = 0.704, P < 0.001), and perceived information quality (β = 0.606, P < 0.001). Electronic health literacy (E-health literacy) was positively associated with perceived usefulness (β = 0.379, P < 0.001), perceived service quality (β = 0.200, P < 0.001), and perceived information quality (β = 0.320, P < 0.001). Continuous usage intention was influenced by perceived usefulness (β = 0.191, P < 0.001), customer satisfaction (β = 0.453, P < 0.001), and subjective norm (β = 0.372, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The study constructed a new theoretical model including E-health literacy, subjective norm and technology qualities to clarify continuous usage intention of mHealth services, and empirically validated the model. Attention should be paid to E-health literacy, subjective norm, perceived information quality, and perceived service quality to improve continuous usage intention of users and self–management by mHealth Apps managers and governments. This research provides solid evidence for the validity of the expanded model of ECM-ISC in the mHealth field, which can be a theoretical and practical basis for mHealth operators' product research and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mobile health (mHealth) services can not give full play to their value if only it is used in the short term, and their continuous usage can achieve better effects in health management. This study aims to explore the factors that affect continuous usage intentions of mHealth services and their mechanism of action. Methods: First, considering the uniqueness of health services and social environmental factors, this study constructed an extended Expectation Confirmation Model of Information System Continuance (ECM-ISC) to investigate factors that may influence the intention of continuous usage of mHealth services based on three dimensions, namely individual characteristics, technology and environment. Second, the survey method was used to validate the research model. The questionnaire items were derived from validated instruments and discussed by experts and data were collected both online and offline. The structural equation model was used for data analysis. Results: There were 334 avidity questionnaires through cross-sectional data and these participants had used mHealth services ever. The reliability and validity of the test model were good, in which Cronbach's Alpha values of 9 variables exceeded 0.9, composite reliability 0.8, the average variance extracted value 0.5, and the factor loading 0.8. The modified model had a good fitting effect and strong explanatory power. It accounted for 89% of the variance in expectation confirmation, 74% of the variance in perceived usefulness, 92% of the variance in customer satisfaction, and 84% of the variance in continuous usage intention. Compared with the initial model hypotheses, perceived system quality was deleted according to the heterotrait-monotrait ratio, so paths related to it were deleted; perceived usefulness wasn't positively associated with customer satisfaction, and its path was also deleted. Other paths were consistent with the initial hypothesis. The two new added paths were that subjective norm was positively associated with perceived service quality (β = 0.704, P < 0.001), and perceived information quality (β = 0.606, P < 0.001). Electronic health literacy (E-health literacy) was positively associated with perceived usefulness (β = 0.379, P < 0.001), perceived service quality (β = 0.200, P < 0.001), and perceived information quality (β = 0.320, P < 0.001). Continuous usage intention was influenced by perceived usefulness (β = 0.191, P < 0.001), customer satisfaction (β = 0.453, P < 0.001), and subjective norm (β = 0.372, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The study constructed a new theoretical model including E-health literacy, subjective norm and technology qualities to clarify continuous usage intention of mHealth services, and empirically validated the model. Attention should be paid to E-health literacy, subjective norm, perceived information quality, and perceived service quality to improve continuous usage intention of users and self–management by mHealth Apps managers and governments. This research provides solid evidence for the validity of the expanded model of ECM-ISC in the mHealth field, which can be a theoretical and practical basis for mHealth operators' product research and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mobile health (mHealth) services can not give full play to their value if only it is used in the short term, and their continuous usage can achieve better effects in health management. This study aims to explore the factors that affect continuous usage intentions of mHealth services and their mechanism of action. Methods: First, considering the uniqueness of health services and social environmental factors, this study constructed an extended Expectation Confirmation Model of Information System Continuance (ECM-ISC) to investigate factors that may influence the intention of continuous usage of mHealth services based on three dimensions, namely individual characteristics, technology and environment. Second, the survey method was used to validate the research model. The questionnaire items were derived from validated instruments and discussed by experts and data were collected both online and offline. The structural equation model was used for data analysis. Results: There were 334 avidity questionnaires through cross-sectional data and these participants had used mHealth services ever. The reliability and validity of the test model were good, in which Cronbach's Alpha values of 9 variables exceeded 0.9, composite reliability 0.8, the average variance extracted value 0.5, and the factor loading 0.8. The modified model had a good fitting effect and strong explanatory power. It accounted for 89% of the variance in expectation confirmation, 74% of the variance in perceived usefulness, 92% of the variance in customer satisfaction, and 84% of the variance in continuous usage intention. Compared with the initial model hypotheses, perceived system quality was deleted according to the heterotrait-monotrait ratio, so paths related to it were deleted; perceived usefulness wasn't positively associated with customer satisfaction, and its path was also deleted. Other paths were consistent with the initial hypothesis. The two new added paths were that subjective norm was positively associated with perceived service quality (β = 0.704, P < 0.001), and perceived information quality (β = 0.606, P < 0.001). Electronic health literacy (E-health literacy) was positively associated with perceived usefulness (β = 0.379, P < 0.001), perceived service quality (β = 0.200, P < 0.001), and perceived information quality (β = 0.320, P < 0.001). Continuous usage intention was influenced by perceived usefulness (β = 0.191, P < 0.001), customer satisfaction (β = 0.453, P < 0.001), and subjective norm (β = 0.372, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The study constructed a new theoretical model including E-health literacy, subjective norm and technology qualities to clarify continuous usage intention of mHealth services, and empirically validated the model. Attention should be paid to E-health literacy, subjective norm, perceived information quality, and perceived service quality to improve continuous usage intention of users and self–management by mHealth Apps managers and governments. This research provides solid evidence for the validity of the expanded model of ECM-ISC in the mHealth field, which can be a theoretical and practical basis for mHealth operators' product research and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mobile health (mHealth) services can not give full play to their value if only it is used in the short term, and their continuous usage can achieve better effects in health management. This study aims to explore the factors that affect continuous usage intentions of mHealth services and their mechanism of action. Methods: First, considering the uniqueness of health services and social environmental factors, this study constructed an extended Expectation Confirmation Model of Information System Continuance (ECM-ISC) to investigate factors that may influence the intention of continuous usage of mHealth services based on three dimensions, namely individual characteristics, technology and environment. Second, the survey method was used to validate the research model. The questionnaire items were derived from validated instruments and discussed by experts and data were collected both online and offline. The structural equation model was used for data analysis. Results: There were 334 avidity questionnaires through cross-sectional data and these participants had used mHealth services ever. The reliability and validity of the test model were good, in which Cronbach's Alpha values of 9 variables exceeded 0.9, composite reliability 0.8, the average variance extracted value 0.5, and the factor loading 0.8. The modified model had a good fitting effect and strong explanatory power. It accounted for 89% of the variance in expectation confirmation, 74% of the variance in perceived usefulness, 92% of the variance in customer satisfaction, and 84% of the variance in continuous usage intention. Compared with the initial model hypotheses, perceived system quality was deleted according to the heterotrait-monotrait ratio, so paths related to it were deleted; perceived usefulness wasn't positively associated with customer satisfaction, and its path was also deleted. Other paths were consistent with the initial hypothesis. The two new added paths were that subjective norm was positively associated with perceived service quality (β = 0.704, P < 0.001), and perceived information quality (β = 0.606, P < 0.001). Electronic health literacy (E-health literacy) was positively associated with perceived usefulness (β = 0.379, P < 0.001), perceived service quality (β = 0.200, P < 0.001), and perceived information quality (β = 0.320, P < 0.001). Continuous usage intention was influenced by perceived usefulness (β = 0.191, P < 0.001), customer satisfaction (β = 0.453, P < 0.001), and subjective norm (β = 0.372, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The study constructed a new theoretical model including E-health literacy, subjective norm and technology qualities to clarify continuous usage intention of mHealth services, and empirically validated the model. Attention should be paid to E-health literacy, subjective norm, perceived information quality, and perceived service quality to improve continuous usage intention of users and self–management by mHealth Apps managers and governments. This research provides solid evidence for the validity of the expanded model of ECM-ISC in the mHealth field, which can be a theoretical and practical basis for mHealth operators' product research and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mobile health (mHealth) services can not give full play to their value if only it is used in the short term, and their continuous usage can achieve better effects in health management. This study aims to explore the factors that affect continuous usage intentions of mHealth services and their mechanism of action. Methods: First, considering the uniqueness of health services and social environmental factors, this study constructed an extended Expectation Confirmation Model of Information System Continuance (ECM-ISC) to investigate factors that may influence the intention of continuous usage of mHealth services based on three dimensions, namely individual characteristics, technology and environment. Second, the survey method was used to validate the research model. The questionnaire items were derived from validated instruments and discussed by experts and data were collected both online and offline. The structural equation model was used for data analysis. Results: There were 334 avidity questionnaires through cross-sectional data and these participants had used mHealth services ever. The reliability and validity of the test model were good, in which Cronbach's Alpha values of 9 variables exceeded 0.9, composite reliability 0.8, the average variance extracted value 0.5, and the factor loading 0.8. The modified model had a good fitting effect and strong explanatory power. It accounted for 89% of the variance in expectation confirmation, 74% of the variance in perceived usefulness, 92% of the variance in customer satisfaction, and 84% of the variance in continuous usage intention. Compared with the initial model hypotheses, perceived system quality was deleted according to the heterotrait-monotrait ratio, so paths related to it were deleted; perceived usefulness wasn't positively associated with customer satisfaction, and its path was also deleted. Other paths were consistent with the initial hypothesis. The two new added paths were that subjective norm was positively associated with perceived service quality (β = 0.704, P < 0.001), and perceived information quality (β = 0.606, P < 0.001). Electronic health literacy (E-health literacy) was positively associated with perceived usefulness (β = 0.379, P < 0.001), perceived service quality (β = 0.200, P < 0.001), and perceived information quality (β = 0.320, P < 0.001). Continuous usage intention was influenced by perceived usefulness (β = 0.191, P < 0.001), customer satisfaction (β = 0.453, P < 0.001), and subjective norm (β = 0.372, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The study constructed a new theoretical model including E-health literacy, subjective norm and technology qualities to clarify continuous usage intention of mHealth services, and empirically validated the model. Attention should be paid to E-health literacy, subjective norm, perceived information quality, and perceived service quality to improve continuous usage intention of users and self–management by mHealth Apps managers and governments. This research provides solid evidence for the validity of the expanded model of ECM-ISC in the mHealth field, which can be a theoretical and practical basis for mHealth operators' product research and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A low-profile wideband tri-polarized multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna is proposed in this communication. Based on characteristic mode analysis (CMA) of a circular patch, four slots are etched symmetrically on the patch to transform the high-order monopole-like modes into broadside modes with lower resonant frequencies. Four sets of shorting pins are also applied to simultaneously adjust the resonant frequencies of the monopole-like modes and broadside fundamental modes of the patch. The effects of the slots and the shorting pins on these modes are analyzed in detail. Three dual-resonance ports with high isolation are achieved by exciting three pairs of orthogonal modes of the patch. The proposed antenna is wideband with respect to its profile (bandwidth/height = 216), as facilitated by the dual-resonance property of each port. Experimental results show that the proposed antenna features high port isolation (>35 dB) and high gain (>5.58 dB). The proposed low-profile wideband tri-port antenna can be applied in highly integrated MIMO systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the field test of a 600 MW supercritical circulating-fluidized bed boiler, this paper optimizes the secondary air pipe layout scheme of a 660 MW ultra-supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler with a similar furnace structure and carried out a numerical simulation on its air distribution uniformity. The secondary air box of the 660 MW ultra-supercritical circulating-fluidized bed boiler adopts a variable section design, and the secondary air branch pipe adopts a separate air inlet mode. The experimental results showed that the oxygen concentration was uniform near the rear wall, but all exhibited a "decrease–increase–decrease" profile along the horizontal line, which indicated that the trajectory of the secondary air jet was first in the shape of bending downward and then upward. To achieve a more uniform secondary air distribution for supercritical CFB boilers, further optimization of the layout of the bellows and branch pipes should be considered. Numerical results showed that the deviation rate of the internal and lower secondary air reached 17%, and there was optimization space for the secondary air branch pipe layout of the boiler. Its uniformity can be increased by adding valves and other measures. The velocity deviation of the secondary air of the 660 MW ultra-supercritical circulating-fluidized bed boiler can be within 3% by means of separate air supply and pipe diameter change, and better uniform air supply can be achieved to reduce the speed deviation by adding valves and adjusting the combustion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although statins are the cornerstone of lipid management, hardly any of the existing studies on statin treatment of dyslipidemia in nephrotic syndrome (NS) addressed patient‐centered outcomes of cardiovascular events. Objective: To evaluate whether statin treatment impacts the outcomes of cardiovascular events in patients with NS. Design: A single‐center, retrospective, nested case–control study analyzed data from the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University. Patients: Patients diagnosed with NS from January 1, 1999, to November 30, 2014, were selected and followed up for 5 years. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 2706 patients with NS were enrolled in this study cohort. Among these, 115 patients diagnosed with cardiovascular disease (CVD) at the end of the observational period and 235 CVD‐free controls enrolled by 1:2 matching with gender, age, and index time were included in the study. Propensity score matching was used to match (1:1) the baseline characteristics of the cases and controls. The chi‐square test was performed based on whether the patient used a statin as an exposure factor, and binary logistic regression analysis of the association between cardiovascular events and statin therapy duration was conducted. Subgroup analyses for relevant variables were also performed. The chi‐square test showed that statin therapy was significantly associated with a reduction in CVD risk in patients with NS (p = 0.002). Furthermore, the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with NS decreased as the length of statin treatment increased (OR = 0.82 [95% CI 0.73–0.89], p < 0.001). Conclusions: For NS patients with dyslipidemia, statin therapy may be used to decrease CVD risk, and extended treatment was associated with more significant risk reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) are nuclear receptors with distinct roles in energy metabolism and immunity. Although extensively studied in mammals, immunomodulatory roles of this molecule in teleost fish remain to be investigated. In this study, large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) PPARγ (LcPPARγ) sequence was cloned, which encodes a polypeptide of 541 amino acids that include signature domains belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. Phylogenetically, Lc PPARγ was most closely related to PPARγ derived from European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Quantitative analysis shown a ubiquitous expression of this molecule, with highest expression level detected in the intestine. The expression of LcPPARγ was decreased in the intestine, muscle, body kidney, spleen and head kidney-derived monocytes/macrophages (MO/MФs) over the course of Vibrio alginolyticus (V. alginolyticus) infection. In contrast, an up-regulation of LcPPARγ was observed in head kidney-derived MO/MФs following docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) treatment. This increase in LcPPARγ leads to an up-regulation of LcCD11b and LcCD18 and an enhancement of complement-mediated phagocytosis. Furthermore, cytokine secretions of V. alginolyticus -stimulated MO/MФs were modulated following Lc PPARγ activations that up-regulated the expression of LcIL-10 , while decreased the expression of LcIL-1β , LcTNF-α and LcTGF-β1. Overall, our results indicated that Lc PPARγ plays a role in regulating functions of MO/MФs and likely contribute to MO/MФs polarization. • LcPPARγ from large yellow croaker was structurally and functionally characterized. • LcPPARγ expression was down-regulated following Vibrio alginolyticus infection. • LcPPARγ likely contributed to polarizing macrophages into an anti-inflammatory phenotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel metal–organic compounds have been prepared via altering metal ions under the hydrothermal conditions, i.e. [Zn(HL)(4,4′-bipy)(H2O)2]n (1) and [Cd(HL)(4,4′-bipy)]n (2) (4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine and H3L = 5-(4-carboxyphenoxy)-isophthalic acid). Moreover, the luminescent performances and stabilities of the two compounds were also investigated. For the prevention and treatment evaluation of compounds 1 and 2 in this present research, serious of biological experiments were performed in this study. Firstly, the non-invasive blood pressure monitoring was used for blood pressure determination. In addition to this, the real time RT-PCR assay was conducted in this study for the assessment of the α receptor expression on the vascular endothelial cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a silicone tube miniature drainage device implanted under scleral flap for the surgical treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). This is a non-randomized prospective study. Patients with a minimum follow-up of 12 months were analyzed. Demographic information, preoperative and postoperative data including intraocular pressure (IOP), number of medications and complications were recorded. A total of 33 eyes of 33 patients were included in the analysis. Mean postoperative follow-up was 29.5 ± 6.9 months (range 18–50 months). The mean preoperative IOP was 25.8 ± 7.3 mmHg and decreased to 14.9 ± 4.3, 14.2 ± 3.4 and 14.9 ± 3.3 mmHg at 1 year, 2 years and last follow-up after surgery. The number of medications was decreased from 3.1 ± 1.3 preoperatively to 0.2 ± 0.7, 0.4 ± 0.9 and 0.4 ± 1.0 at 1 year, 2 years and last follow-up, respectively, after surgery. Only six (18.2%) patients used glaucoma medications at last visit. The complete success rates were 87.9% and 78.6%, respectively, at 1 and 2 years postoperatively. The operation-related complications were rare. The silicone tube miniature drainage device implanted under the scleral flap was found to be a relatively safe and effective surgery for the treatment of POAG. Longer follow-up periods and larger sample sizes are expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dozens of hybrids of natural alkaloid evodiamine/rutaecarpine and thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidinones were synthesized in a straightforward method by condensation of substituted 2H-thieno[2,3-d][1, 3]oxazine-2,4(1H)-diones or N-methyl-2H-thieno[2,3-d][1, 3]oxazine-2,4(1H)-dione with 3,4-dihydro-β-carbolines. In vitro cytotoxic assay discovered that compounds 9a, 10e, 11a, 11d, 11f, and 12a could induce antiproliferation against four different types of human cancer cells while compounds 10f and 12e were inactive. Notably, compound 11a displayed potent cell cytotoxicity for human non-small cell lung cancer cells A549, PC-9, human prostate cancer cells PC-3, and human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Furthermore, compound 11a exhibited strong colony formation inhibition to A549 cells. These results unfold potential anticancer therapeutic applications of hybrids of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidinones and quinazolinones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P (SAP) play essential roles in the phagocytic cell-mediated innate immune response of mammals. In-depth studies into CRP and SAP have been completed in mammals; however, such studies, particularly those relating to the functions of CRP and SAP, are rare in fish species. In this study, a homolog of CRP/SAP (BpCRP/SAP) was identified in mudskipper (Boleophthalmus pectinirostris), which had the typical characteristics of a fish short pentraxin protein. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that BpCRP/SAP was most closely related to mudskipper CRP/SAP-l3. BpCRP/SAP transcripts were detected in all tested tissues, with the highest level observed in the liver; transcripts in the immune tissues and protein expression in the serum were induced in response to Edwardsiella tarda infection. The active recombinant BpCRP/SAP (rBpCRP/SAP) was able to augment the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and attenuate the mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines in monocytes/macrophages (MO/MΦ). In addition, phagocytosis and bacterial killing of E. tarda by mudskipper MO/MΦ were boosted by rBpCRP/SAP stimulation. rBpCRP/SAP also promoted M1-type MO/MΦ polarization, but inhibited M2-type polarization. In conclusion, the present research describes the pro-inflammatory function of BpCRP/SAP in mudskipper against E. tarda infection. • We characterized a short-chain PTX (BpCRP/SAP) gene from mudskipper. • BpCRP/SAP is a positive APP in mudskipper responding to Edwardsiella tarda infection. • rBpCRP/SAP promotes pro-inflammatory function of mudskipper MO/MΦ. • rBpCRP/SAP induces M1 type polarization of mudskipper MO/MΦ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure and morphology of gas-sensitive materials were extremely important to performances of gas sensor. In this work, ZnO nano-crystalline (ZnO NCs) was synthesized on foam-like GaN (F-GaN) by sol-gel method as gas-sensitive materials of H 2 S gas sensor. When ZnO NCs/F-GaN composite structure was used as gas- sensitive materials for detection of H 2 S with the concentration of 50 ppm at 220 °C. Importantly, rapid response and recovery time was 78 and 31 s, respectively. Enhancement of the sensing response was mainly attributed to the combination between ZnO NCs and F-GaN. In addition, a multiphase catalytic mechanism was proposed to description the catalytic role of F-GaN in the gas sensing procedure. These results further broadened the application of as-prepared metal oxide semiconductor based GaN in the gas sensing field. • Perfect combination between ZnO NCs and F-GaN has achieved. • H 2 S Gas sensor with a response at 89.7. • Response time at 78 s and recovery time at 31 s has reached. • Multiphase catalytic mechanism was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two-port structure-shared planar ultrawideband (UWB) antenna with high isolation is presented in this communication. The proposed antenna consists of a planar monopole and two back-to-back tapered slots etched on the monopole. The monopole and the tapered slots are fed by the microstrip line and the differential feeding network, respectively. The differential feeding network of the tapered slots excites the modes, which are orthogonal to those of the monopole. Therefore, high isolation between the two ports can be achieved without additional decoupling structures. The measured results show that the proposed antenna can operate from 3 to 10 GHz with the reflection coefficient of the two ports lower than −10 dB and the isolation higher than 38 dB. The measured realized peak gains are above 2.6 dB, and the measured envelope correlation coefficients are less than $9 \times 10^{-5}$. The proposed UWB multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna can be applied in the MIMO communication systems, especially those requiring high isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Upon recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by pattern-recognition receptors, immune cells are recruited, and multiple antibacterial/viral signaling pathways are activated, leading to the production of immune-related cytokines, chemokines, and interferons along with further activation of the adaptive immune response. MicroRNAs (miRs) play essential roles in regulating such immune signaling pathways, as well as the biological activities of immune cells; however, knowledge regarding the roles of miRs in the immune-related function of monocytes/macrophages (MO/MΦ) remains limited in teleosts. In the present study, we addressed the effects of miR-155 on Vibrio anguillarum -infected MO/MΦ. Our results showed that miR-155 augmented MO/MΦ expression of proinflammatory cytokines and attenuated the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, the phagocytosis and bacteria-killing abilities of these cells were boosted by miR-155 administration, which also promoted M1-type polarization but inhibited M2-type polarization. Furthermore, the V. anguillarum -infection-induced apoptosis was also enhanced by miR-155 mimic transfection, which might have been due to excessive inflammation or the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. These results represent the first report providing a detailed account of the regulatory roles of miR-155 on MO/MΦ functions in teleosts and offer insight into the evolutionary history of miR-155-mediated regulation of host immune responses. Highlights • V. anguillarum infection enhances miR-155 expression in ayu MO/MΦ. • miR-155 promotes a pro-inflammatory response of V. anguillarum infected ayu MO/MΦ. • miR-155 enhances MO/MΦ phagocytosis, bactericidal effect, along with apoptosis. • miR-155 leads to M1-type macrophage polarization and inhibits M2-type polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a low-profile coplanar dual-polarized dual-band base station antenna array. A slotted patch antenna operating from 0.82 to 0.99 GHz with four shorting strips is proposed and analyzed. The four shorting strips are employed not only to improve the impedance matching in the lower band but also to remove the center part of the patch, thus making room for higher band dipoles operating from 1.68 to 2.86 GHz. The height of the proposed array is nearly half of the conventional base station array while other performances are guaranteed. The measured results show that the proposed antenna array has wide impedance bandwidths of 18.7% (0.82–0.99 GHz) and 57.9% (1.68–2.86 GHz) (VSWR < 2) with a low profile ($0.109\lambda _{0}$ at 820 MHz). The measured gains are 13.8±0.5 dB and 16.7 ± 1 dB in lower and upper bands. Large front-to-back ratio (>24.6 dB) and high isolations (>30 and >25 dB in lower and upper bands, respectively) are achieved. The proposed antenna can be easily built with printed circuit board fabrication technique and applied in low profile multiband base stations for 2G/3G/4G and the next-generation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report the synthesis of 48 novel 3-sulfonylamides containing a tricyclic thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one moiety, and their influence on melanin synthesis in murine B16 cells. All target sulfonylamides were synthesized through key intermediate 3-nitro-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones using three types of ipso-nitration reactions. In this case, we converted the pyrido[1,2-a]- fragment of the thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine moiety to pyrrolo[1,2-a]- and azepino[1,2-a]- side-rings in order to evaluate the bioactivities of the synthesized derivatives for a structure activity-relationships point of view. The obtained results suggest that some of the selected compounds revealed a promising influence on melanin synthesis in murine B16 cells and may serve as lead compounds for further drug discovery and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitosan composite superfine fibers with a diameter of 321 ± 99 nm were prepared by electrospinning with PEO as the co-spinning polymer and itaconic acid as the in situ cross-linking agent. Itaconic acid was homogeneously dispersed in chitosan fibers and the in situ cross-linking endowed the prepared chitosan composite fibers with improved solvent resistance, thermostability and mechanical strength. Palladium species immobilized on these annealed chitosan fibers can efficiently catalyze the reduction reaction of 4-nitrophenol as well as the Mizoroki–Heck reaction of aromatic iodides with n-butyl acrylate in an aqueous medium. Furthermore, the larger fiber structure can facilitate the recovery and reuse of the palladium catalyst. The remarkable catalytic performance and easy recovery make this novel fiber-supported palladium catalyst hold great potential applications in green chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) plays essential roles in phagocytic cell-mediated innate immune responses. However, studies regarding MARCO, especially its functions, are limited in teleost species. In this study, we identified a MARCO molecule (PaMARCO) from ayu ( Plecoglossus altivelis ). PaMARCO shared conserved functional domains with its mammalian counterparts. Sequence analysis showed that PaMARCO was most closely related to its rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) counterpart. PaMARCO expression was upregulated in all tested immune tissues and monocytes/macrophages (MO/MΦ) upon Vibrio anguillarum infection, and blocking its function significantly decreased the immune responses of MO/MΦ during infection. PaMARCO could bind to the tested gram-positive and -negative bacteria in a Ca 2+ -dependent manner in vitro . Furthermore, the phagocytosis and bacterial killing activities of MO/MΦ were significantly decreased upon PaMARCO blockade using anti-PaMARCO IgG. PaMARCO was also involved in the polarization processes of ayu MO/MΦ. The upregulated expression of representative cytokines in LPS-induced M1 type (TNF-α, IL-1β) or cAMP-induced M2 type (TGF-β, IL-10) were inhibited in the anti-PaMARCO IgG-treated group, indicating that PaMARCO may be involved in the regulation of both inflammation priming and inflammation resolution of MO/MΦ. In conclusion, our results implicate that PaMARCO has essential regulatory roles for bacterial binding, clearance, and the polarization processes of ayu MO/MΦ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of combined phacoemulsification with goniosynechialysis (GSL) under an ophthalmic endoscope for chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma and coexisting cataract. Methods. This is a retrospective study. The intraocular pressure (IOP), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and number of glaucoma medications at baseline and each postoperative follow-up visit were recorded. Other measurements included supraciliochoroidal fluid measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography, corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), and peripheral anterior synechia (PAS). All patients were followed for more than a year. Results. Thirty-eight eyes of 31 patients were included. The mean follow-up duration was 16.3 ± 3.9 months. The IOP decreased from 22.2 ± 9.3 mmHg at baseline to 15.4 ± 4.2 mmHg at the last follow-up (P<0.001). The mean number of glaucoma medications (0.1 ± 0.6) at the last follow-up was significantly lower than the preoperative number (2.3 ± 1.1) (P<0.001). All patients achieved improved or stable visual acuity after surgery. All patients achieved a complete opened angle after GSL. The postoperative complications included hyphema (7.9%), exudation (5.3%), transiently elevated IOP (55.3%), and supraciliochoroidal fluid (40%). Conclusions. Combined phacoemulsification and GSL under an endoscope can completely reopen PAS and is an effective and safe method for patients with chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma and coexisting cataract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phototherapy with psoralens as photosensitizers is the commonly used method for the treatment of vitiligo. Considering the structure similarity between psoralens and thieno[2,3- d]pyrimidinones, a series of novel sulfonamide derivatives containing tricyclic thieno[2,3- d]pyrimidinone were synthesized and evaluated for melanin synthesis in murine B16 cells. All new compounds were characterized by H NMR, C NMR, IR and HRMS (ESI). Among them, 6 compounds demonstrated excellent activity than positive control (8-methoxylpsoralen, 8-MOP) with more than 1.5-fold potency. Compound 11w with dichloro substitution at meta-positions in the benzenesulfonyl moiety was the most potent one (658.3 ± 8.7%), exhibiting 5.0-fold stronger activity than 8-MOP (130.9 ± 8.6%). The difluoro analog compound 11o increased melanin synthesis in murine B16 cells with a 4.35-fold potency as compared to 8-MOP. These compounds may serve as lead compounds for further drug discoveries for the treatment of vitiligo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2-Aminothiophenes are important five-membered heterocyclic building blocks in organic synthesis, and the chemistry of these small molecules is still developing based on the discovery of cyclization by Gewald. Another attractive feature of 2-aminothiophene scaffolds is their ability to act as synthons for the synthesis of biological active thiophene-containing heterocycles, conjugates and hybrids. Currently, the biological actions of 2-aminothiophenes or their 2- N -substituted analogues are still being investigated because of their various mechanisms of action ( e.g., pharmacophore and pharmacokinetic properties). Likewise, the 2-aminothiophene family is used as diverse promising selective inhibitors, receptors, and modulators in medicinal chemistry, and these compounds even exhibit effective pharmacological properties in the various clinical phases of appropriate diseases. In this review, major biological and pharmacological reports on 2-aminothiophenes and related compounds have been highlighted; most perspective drug-candidate hits were selected for discussion and described, along with additional synthetic pathways. In addition, we focused on the literature dedicated to 2-aminothiophenes and 2- N -substituted derivatives, which have been published from 2010 to 2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate that a seven-particle entangled state can be used to realize the deterministic asymmetric bidirectional controlled quantum information transmission by performing only Bell-state measurement and two-particle projective measurement and single-particle measurement. In our protocol, Alice can teleport an arbitrary unknown single-particle state to Bob and at the same time Bob can remotely prepare an arbitrary known two-particle state for Alice via the control of the supervisor Charlie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Progesterone (P4) is an important ovarian hormone that inhibits estrogen-dependent proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells (EECs). miR-152 has been reported to be a cell cycle regulator. In this study, we first demonstrated that P4 induced the expression of miR-152 in ovariectomized mice and Ishikawa cell. miR-152 was detected in the human endometrial cell lines that were stably transfected with P4 receptor. Results showed that P4 induced its expression through its receptor B subtype. Then, using the specific miRNA mimic and inhibitor, we proved that miR-152 impeded G1/S transition in the cell cycle of EECs and inhibited cellular proliferation via downregulating WNT-1 in mice and human endometrial cancer cell lines (Ishikawa, HEC-1-b, and KLE). miR-152 induced by P4 is an important inhibitor for the proliferation of EECs. miR-152 may be an important tumor suppressor microRNA in endometrial cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gut microbiota plays fundamental roles in protection against pathogen invasion. However, the mechanism and extent of responses of gut microbiota to pathogenic infection are poorly understood. This study investigated the gut bacterial communities and immune responses of ayu ( Plecoglossus altivelis ) upon exposure to Vibrio anguillarum . The succession of V. anguillarum infection was evidenced by increased expression of immune genes and bacterial loads in ayu tissues, which in turn altered the composition and predicted functions of gut bacterial community. The dynamics of gut bacterial diversity and evenness were temporally stable in control ayu but were reduced in infected subjects, particularly at the late stages of infection. Variations in the gut microbiota were significantly associated with the expression levels of TNF-α ( P = 0.019) and IL-1 β ( P = 0.013). The profiles of certain gut bacterial taxa were indicative of V. anguillarum infection. Compared with healthy controls, the ayu infected with V. anguillarum possessed less complex, fewer connected, and lower cooperative gut bacterial interspecies interaction, coinciding with significant shifts in keystone species. These findings imply that V. anguillarum infection substantially disrupted the compositions and interspecies interaction of ayu gut bacterial community, thereby altering gut microbial-mediated functions and inducing host immune responses. This study provides an integrated overview on the interaction between the gut microbiota and host immune responses to pathogen infection from an ecological perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, five novel cholinium-based organic magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) were synthesized. The carbon chain links to the nitrogen atom from cationic nucleus. The MILs were comprehensively identified by FT-IR, HPLC, UV–Vis, 1 H NMR and ESI-MS. The MILs have interesting performance to form aqueous two-phase system and can respond to the external magnetic field after the formation of aqueous two-phase system, which can assists magnetically phase separation. The magnetic susceptibility of the MILs was measured at 298 K. Other physical properties such as conductivities, acidity and density were measured in range of 278.15 K to 323.15 K for further application investigation. Satisfactory results were obtained after the data of physical properties were correlated. Based on the measurements and correlations above, some discussions were carried out, including the ion association and ion diffusion, the influences of MILs carbon chain and temperature on the molar conductivity, the influences of the cation size on the molar volume, acidity variation of the MILs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we have demonstrated that a six-qubit cluster state can be used to realize the deterministic controlled remote state preparation of an arbitrary two-qubit state by performing only the special two-qubit projective measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the influence of molecular structures on sensing performances, three hydrazone derivatives bearing different electron-withdrawing groups ( 3a , 3b and 3c ) were designed and synthesized. Their spectra responses to the common anions such as F − , Cl − , Br − , I − , CH 3 COO − , H 2 PO 4 − , HSO 4 − , NO 3 − and ClO 4 − were investigated in detail. The results showed that the response for anions was significantly affected by the molecular structures. In CH 3 CN, 3a did not react with any anion, 3b bearing an electron-withdrawing −NO 2 exhibited a highly selective colorimetric response toward F − , while 3c which bears two −NO 2 could react with F − , H 2 PO 4 − , and CH 3 COO − . In the presence of 1.5% H 2 O, however, 3c could selectively recognize F − with an improved sensitivity and a wide dynamic linear range. The response mechanism following a 1:1 binding stoichiometry was investigated in detail by means of UV–vis spectra and 1 H NMR titrations, Job plot, binding constant and theoretical calculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fish that are active foragers usually perform routine activities while digesting their food; thus, their postprandial swimming capacity and related behavior adjustments might be ecologically important. To test whether digestion affect swimming performance and the relationships of digestion with metabolism and behavior in an active forager, we investigated the postprandial metabolic response, spontaneous swimming activities, critical swimming speed (Ucrit), and fast-start escape performance of both fasted and digesting (3 h after feeding to satiation) juvenile rose bitterling ( Rhodeus ocellatus ). Feeding to satiation elicited a 50% increase in the oxygen consumption rate, which peaked at 3 h after feeding and returned to the prefeeding state after another 3 h. However, approximately 50% and 90% of individuals resumed feeding behavior at 2 and 3 h postfeeding, respectively, although the meal size varied substantially. Digestion showed no effect on either steady swimming performance as suggested by the Ucrit or unsteady swimming performance indicated by the maximum linear velocity in fast-start escape movement. However, digesting fish showed more spontaneous activity as indicated by the longer total distance traveled, mainly through an increased percentage of time spent moving (PTM). A further analysis found that fasting individuals with high swimming speed were more inclined to increase their PTM during digestive processes. The present study suggests that as an active forager With a small meal size and hence limited postprandial physiological and morphological changes, the swimming performance of rose bitterling is maintained during digestion, which might be crucial for its active foraging mode and anti -predation strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • 169 accessions representing ca. 68 (85% of total) species of Bolbitis are sampled. • Species of Bolbitis are resolved into four major clades. • Six well-supported subclades are identified in the most speciose Asian clade. • Evolution of six characters is analyzed and free venation evolved from anastomosing venation in Bolbitis. • Bolbitis originated from Africa and a dispersal from Asia resulted in continental disjunction between Africa and America. Bolbitis is a pantropical fern genus of Dryopteridaceae with ca. 80 species mainly in tropical Asia. Earlier studies confirmed the monophyly of Bolbitis when Mickelia is excluded and identified three major clades in Bolbitis. However, earlier studies are based on relatively small sampling and the majority of Asian species are not sampled. In this study, DNA sequences of three plastid markers of 169 accessions representing ca. 68 (85 % of total) species of Bolbitis in nine out of the 10 series recognized by Hennipman (1977), and 54 accessions representing the five remaining bolbitidoid genera are used to infer a global phylogeny with a focus on Asian species. The major results include: (1) Bolbitis is strongly supported as monophyletic; (2) species of Bolbitis are resolved into four major clades and their relationships are: the Malagasy/Mascarene clade is sister to the rest, followed by the African clade which is sister to the American clade + the Asian clade; (3) six well-supported subclades are identified in the most speciose Asian clade; (4) the free-veined Egenolfia is embedded in Bolbitis and is paraphyletic in relation to species with anastomosing venation; (5) three series sensu Hennipman (1977), B. ser. Alienae , B. ser. Egenolfianae , and B. ser. Heteroclitae , are paraphyletic or polyphyletic; (6) evolution of six morphological characters is analyzed and free venation is found to have evolved from anastomosing venation and reversed to free venation in Bolbitis ; and (7) biogeographical implications are drawn and it is shown that a single recent dispersal from Asia resulted in continental disjunction of closely related ferns of Bolbitis between Africa and America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new salt [H 2 DABCO][Pt(mnt) 2 ] 2 ( 1 ) (mnt 2- =maleonitriledithiolate and H 2 DABCO 2+ is diprotonated 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) has been synthesized; its crystal structure, magnetic and near-IR absorption properties have been investigated. Two different [Pt(mnt) 2 ] - anions form the strong π-dimers, labeled as Pt(1)-dimer and Pt(2)-dimer, with quite shorter Pt…Pt and S…S distances and molecular plane-to-plane distance (<3.5 Å) within a dimer. The [Pt(mnt) 2 ] 2 2- π-dimers are connected through the cations in the strong H-bond manner to form three-dimensional H-bond supramolecular crystal. The salt shows weak paramagnetism in 1.99–300 K and this is due to the existence of strong antiferromagnetic coupling within a π-dimer. In addition, a small thermal hysteresis loop is observed at ca. 120 K, indicating that a phase transition probably occurs that is further confirmed by variable-temperature IR spectra. Another fascinating functionality of 1 is the intense near-IR absorption in the region of 750–2500 nm, and this near-IR absorption feature makes it to be a promising optical material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a wide range of applications, including human healthcare-associated treatments and bioactive compound discovery. However, complex chemical systems present a significant challenge for chemical-material-based research and quality control. For instance, Banlangen (BLG) granules is a well-acknowledged TCM preparation widely used in clinical treatment of virus infection. However, its chemical basis of anti-influenza efficacy remains unclear. Aim of the study : In the present study, a systematic discovery strategy for identifying anti-influenza molecules based on biological activities and chemical analysis was established to contribute to the molecular elucidation of the anti-influenza material basis of Banlangen granules. Hemagglutinase inhibition (HAI) and neuraminidase inhibition (NAI) assays were used to compare the anti-influenza activities of different fractions of BLG granules against H1N1, H5N1 and H7N9 viruses. A comparative qualitative analysis of the chemical constituents in BLG granules and their fractions was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS), in which a multiple mass spectrometry database platform and three compound identification strategies were used. The association between anti-influenza activities and chemical constituent characteristics was analyzed using multiple stoichiometries and data comparison strategies. The results showed that the chromatography fractions F3 and F4 of the BLG granules had the highest anti-influenza activity. A total of 88 compounds were identified in the BLG granules, including 31 alkaloids, 16 organic acids, 10 nucleosides, 8 phenylpropanoids, 6 sulfur-containing compounds, 5 amino acids, 4 aromatic compounds, 3 aldehydes and ketones, 2 flavonoids, 1 alcohol, 1 carbohydrate, and 1 aliphatic compound. Out of these, 31 characteristic compounds were identified in fractions F3–F4 as candidate compounds with anti-influenza activity. Additionally, 6-methoxyquinoline and 4-guanidinobutanal were identified in BLG granules and its raw material (Isatidis Radix) for the first time. In this study, we proposed a systematic discovery strategy to thoroughly investigate the anti-influenza activity, chemical identification, and constituents-activity relationship of BLG granules. These data not only provided a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism of the activity of BLG granules, but also presented a basis for the discovery of potential novel drug candidates and quality evaluation and control of BLG granules. [Display omitted] • Chemical basis of the anti-influenza activity of Banlangen (BLG) granules is elucidated. • UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS combined with multiple database platforms was applied. • 31 out of 88 compounds in the BLG granules had potential anti-influenza activity. • The study presents a basis for the discovery of potential novel drug candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clinical and immunological characteristics of food allergies vary depending on geographic regions. Little is known about peanut allergy in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the peanut sensitization profile in China. Methods: Thirty-eight participants with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-positive responses to peanuts (peanut-sensitized) were included in our study, and clinical characteristics were evaluated. Total and specific IgE reactivity against peanuts, other plant-derived foods, pollens, and related allergen components were determined. Results: Eighteen patients were symptomatic when exposed to peanuts. The majority of them presented with systemic reactions. More than half of the peanut-sensitized subjects also suffered from mugwort pollinosis and peach allergy. In patients with both peanut and peach allergies, reactions to peanuts were the same as or severer than those to peaches. Positivity rates of IgE response to rAra h 1-3, 8, and 9 in the peanut allergy group were 5.6, 11.1, 5.6, 22.2, and 83.3%, respectively. 66.7% (12/18) of the peanut-allergic patients were monosensitized to rAra h 9. Anti-nArt v 3 [mugwort nonspecific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP)] IgE positivity in the peanut allergy group was significantly higher than that in the asymptomatic peanut- sensitized group. In Ara h 9 (peanut nsLTP)-sensitized patients with mugwort pollinosis, anti-nArt v 3 IgE levels were remarkably higher than anti-rAra h 9 (peanut nsLTP) IgE levels as well as anti-Pru p 3 (peach nsLTP) IgE levels. Conclusions: Ara h 9 was the major allergen of peanut, and Ara h 9 monosensitization was the most common peanut sensitization pattern in our population. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between peanut sensitization and mugwort pollinosis, as well as peach allergy, in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a scheme for asymmetric bidirectional controlled teleportation by using a six-qubit cluster state as quantum channel. In our scheme, Alice can transmit an arbitrary two-qubit entangled state to Bob and at the same time Bob can teleport an arbitrary single-qubit state to Alice under the control of the supervisor Charlie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of CXCR3 and IL-10 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). ALI was induced by LPS injection (10 mg/kg) via the tail vein in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were sacrificed after 2 or 12 h to examine the levels of inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and histopathologic assessments. At 12 h after LPS injection, mice exhibited more severe lung infiltration by CD8+ T cell and less infiltration by CD8+CD122+ regulatory T cells than at 2 h after LPS challenge or in the control (mice not exposed to LPS). At 12 h, IFN-γ, CXCR3, and CXCL10 were significantly higher in the lungs. IL-10 in the lungs was significantly lower. CXCR3 may help to recruit CD8+ T cells and promotes IFN-γ and CXCL10 release. Such effects could be inhibited by IL-10 secreted by CD8+CD122+ regulatory T cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, six kinds of different ionic liquid-modified silica were synthesized and characterized with infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, N 2 adsorption–desorption isotherms and particle size distribution. Then they were used as adsorbents for the preparative separation of water-soluble phenolic acids from Salvia militiorrhiza Bunge for the first time. The effects of various parameters including functional groups of adsorbents, adsorption time, initial concentration, solid–liquid ratio and temperature were investigated in detail. It was found that silica modified with N -methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (SiO 2 ·Im + ·PF 6 − ) had most excellent adsorption capacity for target compounds, which reached 99.81 mg/g under the conditions of adsorption time of 30 min, initial sample concentration of 350 mg/L and solid–liquid ratio of 1:1 (mg/mL). Studies showed that the equilibrium data fitted well with Langmuir model of adsorption and the adsorption kinetics was more accurately described by pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamics parameters including the change of enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy were also analyzed. Furthermore, the water-soluble phenolic acids of Salvia militiorrhiza Bunge were successfully preparatively separated on the normal pressure chromatographic column packed with the SiO 2 ·Im + ·PF 6 − particles to obtain protocatechuic aldehyde, sodium danshensu, rosmarinic acid, lithospermic acid and salvianolic acid B successively. The separation mechanism was investigated on the basis of experimental results and the reusability of the ionic liquid-modified silica gel was also explored. This study provides an useful reference for the preparation separation of natural products and indicates that the ionic liquid-modified silica can be applied in the separation of water-soluble phenolic acids with great prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a scheme for preparing a seven-atom maximally entangled state (Zha et al., J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 45, 255, ) in cavity QED, where the atoms interact simultaneously with the highly detuned single-mode cavity and the strong classical driving field. Thus our scheme is insensitive to both the cavity decay and thermal field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and selective specific high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for determination of isobavachalcone (IBC) in rat plasma was developed. Neobavaisoflavone was used as an internal standard (IS). After protein precipitation with acetonitrile (2:1, v/v), the analyte and IS were separated on a 2.6 μm Kinetex C 18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm i.d., Phenomenex) by isocratic elution with acetonitrile:water (60:40, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. An electrospray ionization (ESI) source was applied and operated in the negative ion mode; multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode was used for quantification, and the target fragment ions m / z 323.0 → 118.9 for IBC and m / z 321.1 → 265.0 for the IS were chosen. Good linearity was observed in the concentration range of 3.79–484.5 ng/mL for IBC in rat plasma. The recovery of IBC in plasma was in the range of 81.2–89.8%. Intra-day and inter-day precision were both lower than 10%. This method was suitable for pharmacokinetic studies after oral administration of 80 mg/kg IBC in rats. We also obtained pharmacokinetic parameters and concentration–time profiles for IBC after oral administration of IBC in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is a critical sensor for host recognition of RNA virus infection and initiation of antiviral signaling pathways in mammals. However, data on the occurrence and functions of this molecule in lower vertebrates are limited. In this study, we characterized an RIG-I homolog ( Dr RIG-I) from zebrafish. Structurally, this Dr RIG-I shares a number of conserved functional domains/motifs with its mammalian counterparts, namely, caspase activation and recruitment domain, DExD/H box, a helicase domain, and a C-terminal domain. Functionally, stimulation with Dr RIG-I CARD in zebrafish embryos significantly activated the NF-κB and IFN signaling pathways, leading to the expression of TNF-α, IL-8 and IFN-induced Mx, ISG15, and viperin. However, knockdown of TRIM25 (a pivotal activator for RIG-I receptors) significantly suppressed the induced activation of IFN signaling. Results suggested the functional conservation of RIG-I receptors in the NF-κB and IFN signaling pathways between teleosts and mammals, providing a perspective into the evolutionary history of RIG-I-mediated antiviral innate immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a seven-ion entangled channel that can be used to realize the deterministic controlled teleportation of an arbitrary three-ion state in ion-trap systems. We describe the construction of this channel and explicitly demonstrate how the protocol works. In our scheme, it does not involve Bell-state measurement and only needs to perform the single-ion measurements and single ion unitary operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the flexible Job-Shop scheduling problem (FJSP), this paper proposed the improved biogeography-based optimization algorithm (BBO), modified the migration operator and mutation operator. In the initial stage of the algorithm, it adopted hybrid initialization approach to improve the quality of the initialization population. Then it used different methods of migration operator and mutation operator to improve the ability of global search and to accelerate the convergence speed. By programming and simulation to solve the benchmark problem of FJSP, it compared results with the other results in the literature. Computational results show that the proposed BBO algorithm is an effective and efficient approach and can also be used for other shop scheduling problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] We thoroughly characterised the role of teleost SOCS-1 in IFN signaling pathway. [•] We demonstrated the negative role of teleost SOCS-1 is conserved across species. [•] We identified a natural variant that lacks inhibitory activity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] β-Type Zr–Mo–Ti alloys are developed based on biocompatible elements. [•] Ti element refines the microstructure. [•] Solid solution of Mo and Ti determines the mechanical properties. [•] Zr–12Mo–xTi alloys exhibit good combination of biomechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To minimize the number of solutions in 3D resistivity inversion, an inherent problem in inversion, the amount of data considered have to be large and prior constraints need to be applied. Geological and geophysical data regarding the extent of a geological anomaly are important prior information. We propose the use of shape constraints in 3D electrical resistivity inversion. Three weighted orthogonal vectors (a normal and two tangent vectors) were used to control the resistivity differences at the boundaries of the anomaly. The spatial shape of the anomaly and the constraints on the boundaries of the anomaly are thus established. We incorporated the spatial shape constraints in the objective function of the 3D resistivity inversion and constructed the 3D resistivity inversion equation with spatial shape constraints. Subsequently, we used numerical modeling based on prior spatial shape data to constrain the direction vectors and weights of the 3D resistivity inversion. We established a reasonable range between the direction vectors and weights, and verified the feasibility and effectiveness of using spatial shape prior constraints in reducing excessive structures and the number of solutions. We applied the prior spatially shape-constrained inversion method to locate the aquifer at the Guangzhou subway. The spatial shape constraints were taken from ground penetrating radar data. The inversion results for the location and shape of the aquifer agree well with drilling data, and the number of inversion solutions is significantly reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In order to develop new biomaterials for hard tissue replacements, the Zr-4Cu-xNb (x =0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9) biomedical alloys with required properties were designed and prepared using vacuum arc melting method for the first time. Phase analysis and microstructure observation showed that all the as-cast Zr-4Cu-xNb samples consisted of α-Zr and Zr3Cu. In addition, the lamellar eutectoid is found near the grain boundary. These alloys exhibited moderate compressive strength (1150–1300MPa), yield stress (750–1000MPa), favorable plastic strain (19%–27%), high elastic energy (11MJ/m3–16MJ/m3) and low Young's modulus (25GPa–31GPa). This good combination of mechanical properties indicates them potential biomedical materials for biological hard tissue replacements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]