Author: "Norwegian University of Life Sciences ( NMBU )" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Norwegian University of Life Sciences ( NMBU )"' showing total 1,068 results

Start Over Author "Norwegian University of Life Sciences ( NMBU )"

1,068 results on '"Norwegian University of Life Sciences ( NMBU )"'

1. From Guns to Roses: Understanding Community-Oriented Policing in Afghanistan

Author: EU Horizon 2020, Nyborg, Ingrid L.P.; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway, Ganapathy, Jaishankar; Norwegian Police University College, Olso, Norway, Nimruzi, Ajmal; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway, EU Horizon 2020, Nyborg, Ingrid L.P.; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway, Ganapathy, Jaishankar; Norwegian Police University College, Olso, Norway, and Nimruzi, Ajmal; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
Abstract: In Afghanistan, police reform is an important focus of international efforts. After over a decade of assistance, however, there are still daunting challenges of public trust and police effectiveness. From a civilian perspective, the role of the police is a crucial one—and very different from that of the military. Communities, being at the very heart of security challenges, are well positioned to understand the intricacies of security and development. A police service able to work closely with communities plays an important role in managing conflict in the long run. Recognizing this, Afghanistan’s Ministry of Interior Affairs (MoIA) has steadily increased its efforts in community-oriented policing (COP), despite a deteriorating security situation since the withdrawal of US troops in 2014. This paper explores how COP in Afghanistan links with local communities and institutions to ensure both peoples’ security and trust. It begins by considering police-community relations through a broad lens of human security, which comprises the social, economic, political, cultural and legal aspects of their everyday lives. We then examine international assistance to police reform, how the Afghan police have developed their COP philosophy, and how this has played out in re-defining police-community relations. Using field data from Nimruz Province, we then look at the role of local institutions of chowkidari and shura in addressing people’s insecurities, and opportunities for linking these with COP efforts of the police. We conclude that there is a real potential for COP in Afghanistan that his locally owned and sustainable, if enough attention is given to inclusive processes and developing creative and flexible trust-building relationships with local institutions and organizations.
Published: 2019

2. Fragile Future: Youth Insecurities and Their Relations with Police in Afghanistan and Pakistan

Author: This article is a product of work as part of the Community based Policing and Post-conflict Police Reform research project(ICT4COP), and is funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under the grant agreement, Ganapathy, Jaishankar; Department of Post Graduate Studies, Norwegian Police University College, Oslo, Norway, Nimruzi, Ajmal; Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås. Norway, Dawar, Shakirullah; Department of Development Studies COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan, This article is a product of work as part of the Community based Policing and Post-conflict Police Reform research project(ICT4COP), and is funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under the grant agreement, Ganapathy, Jaishankar; Department of Post Graduate Studies, Norwegian Police University College, Oslo, Norway, Nimruzi, Ajmal; Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås. Norway, and Dawar, Shakirullah; Department of Development Studies COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
Abstract: Youth are the backbone of any nation, and they are decisive in its development or destruction. A considerable portion of the population in both Afghanistan and Pakistan consists of youth. This paper discusses the impacts of unemployment, poverty, drug abuse, corruption, conflicts, and extremism on the experiences of young people in these countries. Vulnerabilities can become risk factors that, in turn, can increase the likelihood of youth being involved with the police. Although vulnerability and insecurity are common to both young women and men, girls and young women face additional challenges that increase their vulnerability to insecurities, such as gender-based violence. This article details how livelihood and personal insecurities are closely intertwined and further considers how these insecurities involve the police in one way or another. It argues that local community-oriented police initiatives and civil society organisation contributions can increase cooperation between youth and law enforcement agencies in addressing these challenges in a collaborative and trustful manner.
Published: 2020

3. Police, Policing, and the Community: Community Policing in Theory and Practice in Gulu, Uganda

Author: EU Horizon 2020, ICT4COP, Divon, Shai Andre; Department of International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway, EU Horizon 2020, ICT4COP, and Divon, Shai Andre; Department of International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
Abstract: In 2017 the Uganda Police Force (UPF) issued a Strategy for Community Policing (COP). The aim of the strategy is to provide a framework for the operationalisation of COP in the country. COP in Uganda is viewed both as a philosophy and an organisational strategy aiming at promoting new partnerships between the police and the community. This research examines how the UPF applies the COP strategy in Gulu Uganda to create new partnerships between the police and the community as part of the preparation for transforming Gulu into a city in Uganda. Anchored in qualitative research conducted in 2018–2019 in Gulu municipality, we examined COP in theory and practice. We fleshed out the different COP interventions installed by the police, observed how these applications of COP are perceived by the community and local leadership, and evaluated the extent to which these applications and perceptions contribute to creating new partnerships between the police and the public, as well as how these constitute an operationalisation of the UPF strategy for COP. There are several interventions labelled as COP in Gulu, including joint patrols, Mayumba Kumi, sensitisation activities, and partnerships with NGOs. Most of these applications are ‘old wine in new bottles’ and do not qualify as attempts to create new partnerships between the police and the public. In linkage to the mode of governance exercised by the Government of Uganda, the data collected indicates that the public at large still views the police as a corrupt, unpredictable, and a violent force that serves the interests of elites rather than a public service. As long as the police is viewed in such a way, it is difficult to create meaningful partnerships between the police and the public, and subsequently it becomes difficult to successfully apply the UPF COP strategy.
Published: 2020

4. Aguu: From Acholi Post War Street Youth and Children to ‘Criminal Gangs’ in Modern Day Gulu City, Uganda

Author: EU Horizon 2020, ICT4COP, Divon, Shai André; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway, Owor, Arthur; Centre for African Research, Gulu City, Uganda, EU Horizon 2020, ICT4COP, Divon, Shai André; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway, and Owor, Arthur; Centre for African Research, Gulu City, Uganda
Abstract: This paper analyses the origin and evolution of the Aguu, a group of street youth/children labelled as a criminal gang operating in the streets of Gulu, Uganda. Based on a series of interviews, focus group discussions, participant observations, archival work and literature review, the paper traces the origin of the Aguu to the conflict in Northern Uganda, and describes the transformation of the Aguu from street youth/children linked to war and displacement to their present day labelling as ‘criminal gang’. Anchored in an analysis based on Assemblage Theory, this paper demonstrates the complexity, multiplicity and fluidity of the Aguu identity as a group whose inception and evolution, both internal and external, occurs through a process of relationship between social, political, economic and infrastructural changes linked to war, culture, aid and politics, affecting present day security discourses in Gulu, Uganda.
Published: 2020

5. The Narrative of Militancy: A Case Study of Swat, Pakistan

Author: Shah, Qasim Ali; Department of Development Studies, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan, Nawab, Bahadar; Department of Development Studies, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan, Nyborg, Ingrid; Department of International Environment and Development Studies-Noragric, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Norway, Elahi, Noor; Department of Development Studies, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan, Shah, Qasim Ali; Department of Development Studies, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan, Nawab, Bahadar; Department of Development Studies, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan, Nyborg, Ingrid; Department of International Environment and Development Studies-Noragric, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Norway, and Elahi, Noor; Department of Development Studies, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
Abstract: Unlike other faith-based conflicts, the militancy in Swat seems unique, as militants used religion for promoting their agenda and giving voices to the grievances of the poor people through a popular narrative likely without knowing narratology. Using narratives and narratology as a theoretical framework, this qualitative study is an effort to understand the essence of militants' narrative in Swat and the mechanism through which they steered it up until the time it gained verisimilitude. Conducting 73 semi-structured interviews, the study finds that it was a planned strategy of the militants that popularized them in Swat, while they later lost this support due to their atrocities against general populace. The militants used the socially and culturally constructed narrative through FM radio and motivated the masses to follow their ideology and brand of Islamic Sharia. The study concludes that the formulation and popularization of social narratives play vital roles in social movements and conflicts to muster popular support for promoting vested interests that can be used against the state and general public.
Published: 2020

6. Pushing on a String? An Argument for Civil Society-driven Community Policing as Alternative to Ministry-centric Approach in Conflict-affected States

Author: ICT4COP, Coyne, A. Heather; Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary General for Yemen, United Nations, Amman, Jordan, Nyborg, Ingrid; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway, ICT4COP, Coyne, A. Heather; Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary General for Yemen, United Nations, Amman, Jordan, and Nyborg, Ingrid; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
Abstract: Most international support for community policing focuses primarily if not exclusively on capacity building of the government, namely Ministries of Interior and police forces. For structural reasons, these organizations—in and of themselves—are often not the most appropriate partners to launch or sustain community-oriented policing initiatives, especially in the early phases of police reform. This paper presents an alternative to the ministry-centric approach in the form of civil society-driven programming for police reform. Using the case of police reform in Afghanistan in the late 2000s, we argue that a focus on community engagement, accountability, and responsiveness to the needs of the population can lead to improved human security even in post-conflict countries. Although a grassroots approach may seem daunting international actors more familiar with strategic advising at the ministerial level, we find that it provides an opportunity for more sustainable and effective engagement than ministry-centric efforts alone. Our experience from the Afghanistan case also shows, however, that a civil society approach is not a standalone—it needs to be complemented by ministerial initiatives as government has the central role in directing police reform. Adding a civil society component can make the official efforts more likely to succeed.
Published: 2020

7. Striving for the Impossible? Policing and Territoriality in the Age of the War on Terror

Author: H2020 EU, Hansen, Stig Jarle; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway, H2020 EU, and Hansen, Stig Jarle; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
Abstract: This article asks how variations of state territorial control have influenced police missions in the recent past, and illustrate how recent police reforms were based on the structure of a ‘western’ type state with clearly identifiable formal state institutions enjoying autonomy, that strive for a form of territorial monopoly over violence. The article argues for moving beyond such assumptions by adopting scenarios based on how territory is controlled, developing four scenarios that can enable foreign-backed police missions to adapt to local circumstances. The article draws upon the typology of territorial control developed by Hansen in 2017/2019, amending this model to be adapted for policing. It argues that each of these scenarios require different strategies and compromises in order to create functioning police forces.
Published: 2020

8. The Gendered Nature of Security in El Salvador: Challenges for Community-Oriented Policing

Author: Norwegian University of Life Sciences, ICT4COP Project, Rojas Ospina, Erika Julieta; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, ICT4COP Project, and Rojas Ospina, Erika Julieta; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
Abstract: With the purge of the Military Forces and the creation of a new National Civilian Police (PNC) as mandated by the 1992 Peace Accords, El Salvador set the stage for the construction of a less state-oriented security approach. However, a failure to question issues of security and a lack of consideration of gender in the Peace negotiations and the Security Reform resulted in an overly gendered understanding of security, were the State remained as its subject and the practice privileged a militarized masculinity that has hindered the implementation of democratic policing. In this context, 25 years after the Peace Accords, the police have been unable to consolidate a democratic policing practice as oppressive policing strategies remain deeply embedded in the institution, side-by-side with heavy-handed measures that use repression to control social violence. From a feminist critical security approach, the article questions the gendered nature of security in El Salvador, and investigates the implication of the introduction of militaries into the work of the police, in terms of its symbolic influence in the gendered expectations of police men and women, and the practical impact it has on their work, e.g., the difficulty of consolidating Community-Oriented Policing. The argument is based on interviews and focus groups with police men and women, as well as with feminist organizations. The information was gathered during fieldwork in 2018 and 2019, and through extensive literature review.
Published: 2019

9. Community-Oriented Policing: Political, Institutional and Technical Reforms in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Police

Author: ICT4COP project funded by EU, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway, Bahadar, Nawab; COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan, Ullah, Shakir; COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan, Nyborg, Ingrid; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway, Maqsood, Tahir; COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan, ICT4COP project funded by EU, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway, Bahadar, Nawab; COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan, Ullah, Shakir; COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan, Nyborg, Ingrid; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway, and Maqsood, Tahir; COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
Abstract: Community-police relations in Pakistan are often intricate, as are their reforms. Mistrust, political intervention, meager financial resources, lack of educated/trained human resources, over-expectations and miscommunication are some of the factors contributing to weak policing and poor community-police relations. The police as a service-oriented public institution has been a demand of the public and the dream of consecutive governments. In this study, we explore the political, institutional and technical reforms taken by the government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and the police department to improve their police and policing. The Police Act 2017 and Community-Oriented Policing, Dispute Resolution Councils (DRCs), and Information and Communications Technology (ICT) initiatives are critically analyzed in terms of their intentions and contribution to improved police-community relations. Politicians, police, civil society organizations and community members from KP were interviewed for their perceptions of police reforms and community-police relations. The study finds strong political will to empower and depoliticize police, and to shift its focus from purely crime fighting into community service provision, including pro-active engagement of police with the community. The study also finds that most of the new initiatives of the government of KP are in the spirit of community--oriented policing, and community members see visible improvement in policing and community-police relations.
Published: 2019

10. Role of ICT in Community-Oriented Policing in South Asia: Challenges and Opportunities

Author: ICT4COP, NMBU, Maqsood, Tahir; COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan, Madani, Sajjad A.; COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan, Nawab, Bahadar; COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan, Ullah, Shakir; COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan, Nyborg, Ingrid; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway, ICT4COP, NMBU, Maqsood, Tahir; COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan, Madani, Sajjad A.; COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan, Nawab, Bahadar; COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan, Ullah, Shakir; COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan, and Nyborg, Ingrid; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
Abstract: Community-oriented policing (COP) as a model has found widespread acceptance throughout the world both in developed and developing countries. Similarly, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have been embraced by many developed countries to augment COP initiatives. However, very little is known about the application of ICTs in COP in developing countries, particularly South Asia. In this article, we review the current ICT-based COP initiatives by focusing on some of the selected projects from developed countries and South Asia. The paper has used COP in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan as a case. While meaningful insights can be derived through learning from the experiences of developed countries, we highlight some major issues and challenges that are likely to be faced while implementing ICT based COP in South Asia. Moreover, we provide an overview of some exciting opportunities that arise as a result of embracing ICTs to enhance COP efforts for building trusting community-police relations and hence improving human security in the region.
Published: 2019

11. Community-Based Policing in Nicaragua: Do the Claims of Communitarian, Proactive and Preventative Hold True?

Author: Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, ICT4COP Project, EU Horizon 2020, McNeish, John-Andrew; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway, Martinez Prado, Skarlleth; Nicaraguan Institute of Strategic Study and Public Policy (IEEPP), Managua, Nicaragua, Frühling Ehrlich, Hugo; Institute of Public Policy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile, Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, ICT4COP Project, EU Horizon 2020, McNeish, John-Andrew; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway, Martinez Prado, Skarlleth; Nicaraguan Institute of Strategic Study and Public Policy (IEEPP), Managua, Nicaragua, and Frühling Ehrlich, Hugo; Institute of Public Policy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
Abstract: Until the wave of political violence in 2018, the Nicaraguan model for community-based policing (COP) was viewed by many as the means by which the country had avoided the crime and insecurity reported elsewhere in Central America. Paralleling these positive claims, the Nicaraguan National Police have emphasized particular characteristics of the COP model as the basis of this success. The Nicaraguan COP model is founded on three ethical pillars i.e. that it is communitarian, proactive and preventative. In this article, we detail the development of the Nicaraguan community-policing model and evaluate its historical and persisting significance as the guarantor of law and order through a critical evaluation of these claims and characteristics. The article demonstrates the abiding significance of the Nicaraguan COP model, and the distinctive nature of its operation. In contrast to prevailing regional trends there is much to learn from policing that emphasizes dialogue with the community over a reliance on technological or strong-arm solutions. However, the article also observes severe challenges regarding its current capacities and its erosion as a result of the pressures of presidential authoritarianism, political corruption and securitization. This erosion of the COP model has negatively affected the conditions of human security in Nicaragua and is a significant factor explaining the character of recent violence.
Published: 2019

12. French Consumers’ Attitudes and Preferences toward Wild and Farmed Fish

Author: Kyrre Rickertsen, Géraldine Enderli, Jason F. Shogren, Pierre Combris, Frode Alfnes, Sylvie Issanchou, Norwegian University of Life Sciences ( NMBU ), Alimentation et sciences sociales ( ALISS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Departement of Economics and Finance, University of Wyoming, University of Wyoming ( UW ), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Alimentation et sciences sociales (ALISS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), University of Wyoming (UW), The Research Council of Norway, grants 178300/110 and 199564/110 and Codfarmers provided financial support for this research., and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, animal diseases, media_common.quotation_subject, Fish farming, hedonic scores, Geography, Planning and Development, attributes, Survey result, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, choice experiment, Oceanography, ecolabeled seafood, Willingness to pay, 0502 economics and business, Economics, 14. Life underwater, Demand growth, media_common, Becker-DeGroot-Marschak, biology, 05 social sciences, Pangasius, demand-growth, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, farmed and wild fish, Fishery, uk supermarkets, consumer attitudes, conjoint-analysis, atlantic salmon, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, %22">Fish , France, sensory characteristics, private labels, 050202 agricultural economics & policy, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, willingness to pay, Welfare
Abstract: Projet EuroCod; International audience; We investigated consumer preferences for wild and farmed fish in an experiment with 276 participants in France. The experiment consisted of three rounds each round included a survey, sensory trials, and bidding. The survey results indicate consumers (1) perceive wild fish best for safety and health and farmed fish best for environmental sustainability and fish welfare; (2) rank salmon the highest on many attributes; and (3) prefer wild fish originating from the North Atlantic to farmed fish from France and northern Europe, and they rank farmed fish originating from developing countries lowest. In the sensory trials, salmon received the highest hedonic scores, followed by monkfish and cod, while pangasius scored significantly lower. Willingness to pay for salmon was almost as high as for monkfish and higher than for cod, while WTP for pangasius was substantially lower.
Published: 2017

13. Identification of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec in Staphylococcus aureus and non-aureus staphylococci from dairy cattle in Belgium: Comparison of multiplex PCR and whole genome sequencing

Author: Tchamba, Cyrille Ngassam, Touzain, Fabrice, Fergestad, Marte, de Visscher, Anneleen, l'Abee-Lund, Trine, De Vliegher, Sarne, Wasteson, Yngvild, Blanchard, Yannick, Argudín, Maria, Mainil, Jacques, Thiry, Damien, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire [Liège], Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort [ANSES], Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Research group of Comparative Physiology (EXCOPHYSIO), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - Faculteit Diergeneeskunde [UGhent, Belgium], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT)-Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc [Bruxelles], This research was part of the ERA-Net ANIHWA (ANImal Health and WelfAre) project 'MRSA_BACTERIOPHAGE' (Bacteriophages as alternative to antimicrobial treatments of bovine mastitis caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococci, with emphasis on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). The project was funded by the Federal Public Service – Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment (University of Liège), the Research Fund Flanders (FWO, University of Ghent), the Research Council of Norway (University of Life Sciences, Oslo) and the French National Research Agency (ANSES, Ploufragan)., ANR-15-ANWA-0005,MRSA_BACTERIOPHAGES,Bacteriophages as alternative to antimicrobial treatments of bovine mastitis caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococci -MRS-, with emphasis on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus -MRSA-(2015), and European Project: 291815,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-ERANET-2011-RTD,ANIHWA(2012)
Subjects: General Veterinary, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Staphylococcal Infections, MESH: Staphylococcus, Methicillin resistance, Multiplex PCR, Staphylococcal cassette chromosome SCCmec, MESH: Belgium, Whole genome sequencing, MESH: Staphylococcus aureus, MESH: Cattle Diseases, Dairy cattle, MESH: Cefoxitin, MESH: Whole Genome Sequencing
Abstract: International audience; The present study compared multiplex PCR (mPCR) and Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) using the SCCmecFinder database to identify the Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome (SCC) mec in five Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and nine non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) isolated from dairy cattle. mPCR identified an SCCmecIV in four SA and one NAS, but could not differentiate between SCCmecII and IV in the fifth SA, that all harbored the mecA gene and were phenotypically resistant to cefoxitin. SCCmecFinder confirmed the presence of an SCCmecIVc(2B) in four SA and of the SCCmecIVa(2B) in the fifth SA and the one NAS. Both methods also detected one untypeable SCCmec in another cefoxitin-resistant NAS harboring the mecA gene and a pseudo SCCmec in one cefoxitin-sensitive NAS harboring one mecC-related gene. No SCCmec elements were identified either in one cefoxitin-sensitive NAS harboring the mecA2 gene, or in five NAS (one resistant and four sensitive to cefoxitin) harboring the mecA1 gene. SCCmecFinder could even not identify the presence of any mecA1 gene in these five NAS, whose presence was nevertheless confirmed by ResFinder. The conclusions of this study are: (i) mPCR and WGS sequencing using SCCmecFinder are complementary methodologies to identify SCCmec; (ii) SCCmecFinder and ResFinder to a lesser extent cannot identify all mec gene allotypes; (iii) a specific classification of the SCCmec in NAS would be epidemiologically helpful; (iv) presence of a mecA gene and a complete SCCmec is linked to cefoxitin resistance, whereas presence of other mec genes and of pseudo or no SCCmec is not.
Published: 2023

14. Feeding a concentrate rich in rapeseed oil improves fatty acid composition and flavor in Norwegian goat milk

Author: Gerd E. Vegarud, R.A. Inglingstad, T.G. Devold, M. Eknæs, Yves Chilliard, Siv Borghild Skeie, Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences ( NMBU ), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian Research Council (NFR, Lysaker, Norway), TINE BA (Oslo, Norway), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Rapeseed, huile de palme, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], composition en acide gras, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Palmitic acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, norvège, goat milk, Lactation, Food science, Globules of fat, acide gras libre, Flavor, 2. Zero hunger, Lipoprotein lipase, palm oil, biology, Goats, Fatty Acids, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Norwegian goat, medicine.anatomical_structure, Milk, Taste, Composition (visual arts), Female, free fatty acid, biology.animal_breed, lait de chèvre, rapeseed oil, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Glycoproteins, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], huile de colza, 0402 animal and dairy science, Lipid Droplets, 040201 dairy & animal science, Diet, Lipoprotein Lipase, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Animal Science and Zoology, Glycolipids, Food Science
Abstract: Impaired quality due to a high content of free fatty acids (FFA) and off-flavors has caused challenges in the development of Norwegian goat milk products. The present study aimed to examine the effect of lipid-supplemented concentrates on milk fat content, fatty acid composition, FFA, lipoprotein lipase activity, sensory properties, and size of milk fat globules of goat milk. Thirty goats assigned to 3 experimental groups were fed different concentrates from 60 d in milk (DIM) until late lactation (230 DIM). The diets were (1) control concentrate (no added fat); (2) control concentrate with 8% (added on air-dry basis) hydrogenated palm oil enriched with palmitic acid (POFA); and (3) control concentrate with 8% (added on air-dry basis) rapeseed oil (RSO). The POFA group produced milk with the highest fat content, and fat content was positively correlated with the mean size of milk fat globules. Goats in the RSO group had a higher content of long-chain and unsaturated fatty acids, whereas milk from goats in the POFA group had a higher content of palmitic and palmitoleic acids (C16:0 and C16:1 cis). The control group produced milk with a higher content of short-, medium-, odd-, and branched-chain fatty acids compared with the 2 other groups. The content of FFA in milk was low in early and late lactation and peaked in mid lactation (90 DIM). A high content of FFA was correlated with poor sensory properties (tart/rancid flavor). The RSO group produced milk with lower content of FFA and off-flavors in mid lactation and a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, replacement of palm oil with rapeseed oil as a lipid source in dairy goat feed would be favorable.
Published: 2017

15. Feeding of palm oil fatty acids or rapeseed oil throughout lactation: Effects on energy status, body composition, and milk production in Norwegian dairy goats

Author: Knut Hove, H. Volden, Laurence Bernard, R.A. Inglingstad, Yves Chilliard, M. Eknæs, Faculty of Bioscience, University of Tromsø ( UiT ), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Faculty Chemical Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences ( NMBU ), Norwegian Research Council (NFR, Lysaker, Norway), TINE BA (Oslo, Norway), University of Tromsø (UiT), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Rapeseed, huile de palme, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, energetic state, tissu adipeux, Palmitic acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Lactation, Food science, Lactose, 2. Zero hunger, palm oil, energy status, acide gras, Goats, Fatty Acids, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Breed, adipose tissue, goat milk production, medicine.anatomical_structure, Milk, Female, adipose tissue mobilization, Silage, Dietary lipid, lactation, Biology, rapeseed oil, 03 medical and health sciences, état énergétique, Genetics, medicine, Animals, production de lait, Animal fat, body composition, chèvre laitière, composition corporelle, huile de colza, 0402 animal and dairy science, 040201 dairy & animal science, Diet, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Dietary Supplements, Animal Science and Zoology, fatty acid, Energy Metabolism, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Food Science
Abstract: The objective of this experiment was to examine how supplements of rapeseed oil or palm oil fatty acids would affect milk production and composition, body lipid stores, and energy balance in 30 multiparous goats of Norwegian dairy goat breed. The experiment lasted 230 d, with 1 to 120 d in milk (DIM) for indoor feeding (P1), 120 to 200 DIM for mountain grazing (P2), and 200 to 230 DIM for indoor feeding (P3). Grass silage was fed according to appetite during indoor feeding periods. After an adjustment period (1-60 DIM) when the control diet was given to the goats, the animals were subdivided into 3 groups of 10 goats. Treatments (60-230 DIM) were (1) basal concentrate (control; no added fat); (2) control concentrate with 8% (added on air-dry basis) hydrogenated palm oil enriched with palmitic acid (POFA); and (3) control concentrate with 8% (added on air-dry basis) rapeseed oil (RSO). Individual energy balances based on energy intake and milk production were estimated on 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, 200, and 230 DIM. At the same times, body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), body mass index, and body tissue stores using computed tomography were monitored. Silage intake was depressed by POFA throughout the experimental period. Reduced BW and body mass index were observed in the POFA and RSO groups, whereas no effect on BCS or body composition was observed throughout lactation. Generally, a minor decrease in BW was observed from 10 to 120 DIM (only 0.6 kg on average) and the total amount of body lipid was reduced by 4.4 kg. During the mountain grazing period, a further reduction in body lipid stores (2.7 kg) was observed, and BW was reduced by 3.9 kg in the same period. The goats mobilized, on average, 72% of their fat reserves during the first 200 DIM. In this period, dietary fat supplementation did not reduce the mobilization of adipose tissue but resulted in greater milk fat yield (2 kg more, on average, compared with the control group). Milk yield was not affected by POFA or RSO supplementation. Milk fat content was higher in the POFA group than in the control and RSO groups. Milk protein and lactose contents were not affected by lipid supplements. In late lactation, a rapid accumulation of fat deposits followed the intense mobilization during the grazing period. Dietary lipid supplements had no effect on milk fat yield at this stage. Milk production depends heavily on the ability to mobilize body lipid stores, and neither POFA nor RSO supplements at rates used in our study affected this mobilization.
Published: 2017

16. Development of food literacy in children and adolescents: implications for the design of strategies to promote healthier and more sustainable diets

Author: Ares, Gastón, de Rosso, Sofia, Mueller, Carina, Philippe, Kaat, Pickard, Abigail, Nicklaus, Sophie, van Kleef, Ellen, Varela, Paula, Universidad de la República , Pando, Canelones, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Paul Bocuse, Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Apprentissage et du Développement [Dijon] (LEAD), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aston University [Birmingham], Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Norwegian Institute of Food,Fisheries and Aquaculture Research (NOFIMA), The European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement 764985., and European Project: 764985,EDULIA
Subjects: [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, food skills, nutrition education, adolescence, food literacy, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, childhood
Abstract: Revue.; International audience; Food literacy has emerged as a key individual trait to promote the transformation of food systems toward healthy and sustainable diets. Childhood and adolescence are key periods for establishing the foundations of eating habits. Different food literacy competencies are acquired as children develop different cognitive abilities, skills, and experiences, contributing to the development of critical tools that allow them to navigate a complex food system. Thus, the design and implementation of programs to support the development of food literacy from early childhood can contribute to healthier and more sustainable eating habits. In this context, the aim of the present narrative review is to provide an in-depth description of how different food literacy competencies are developed in childhood and adolescence, integrating the extensive body of evidence on cognitive, social, and food-related development. Implications for the development of multisectoral strategies to target the multidimensional nature of food literacy and promote the development of the 3 types of competencies (relational, functional, and critical) are discussed.
Published: 2023

17. Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) for radiation-induced reproductive effects in environmental species: state of science and identification of a consensus AOP network

Author: Knut Erik Tollefsen, Frédéric Alonzo, Nicholas A. Beresford, Dag Anders Brede, Elizabeth Dufourcq-Sekatcheff, Rodolphe Gilbin, Nele Horemans, Selma Hurem, Patrick Laloi, Erica Maremonti, Deborah Oughton, Olivier Simon, You Song, Michael D. Wood, Li Xie, Sandrine Frelon, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie des radionucléides (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO), Service de recherche sur les transferts et les effets des radionucléides sur les écosystèmes (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, University of Salford, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire (SCK-CEN), Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Research Council of Norway (RCN) [RCN Project no. 223268], Research Council ofNorway (RCN) [RCN Project no. 60016], and European Project: 900009,RadoNorm
Subjects: Consensus, Adverse Outcome Pathways, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, wildlife, risk assessment, Ecology and Environment, non-human biota, reproduction, hazard assessment, Radiation Protection, Adverse outcome pathway, radiosensitivity, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, ionizing radiation
Abstract: International audience; Background: Reproductive effects of ionizing radiation in organisms have been observed under laboratory and field conditions. Such assessments often rely on associations between exposure and effects, and thus lacking a detailed mechanistic understanding of causality between effects occurring at different levels of biological organization. The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP), a conceptual knowledge framework to capture, organize, evaluate and visualize the scientific knowledge of relevant toxicological effects, has the potential to evaluate the causal relationships between molecular, cellular, individual, and population effects. This paper presents the first development of a set of consensus AOPs for reproductive effects of ionizing radiation in wildlife. This work was performed by a group of experts formed during a workshop organized jointly by the Multidisciplinary European Low Dose Initiative (MELODI) and the European Radioecology Alliance(ALLIANCE) associations to present the AOP approach and tools. The work presents a series of taxon-specific case studies that were used to identify relevant empirical evidence, identify common AOP components and propose a set of consensus AOPs that could be organized into an AOP network with broader taxonomic applicability.Conclusion: Expert consultation led to the identification of key biological events and description of causal linkages between ionizing radiation, reproductive impairment and reduction in population fitness. The study characterized the knowledge domain of taxon-specific AOPs, identified knowledge gaps pertinent to reproductive-relevant AOP development and reflected on how AOPs could assist applications in radiation (radioecological) research, environmental health assessment, and radiological protection. Future advancement and consolidation of the AOPs is planned to include structured weight of evidence considerations, formalized review and critical assessment of the empirical evidence prior to formal submission and review by the OECD sponsored AOP development program.
Published: 2022

18. The new international reference system for pure α- and pure β-emitting radionuclides and some electron capture decaying radionuclides by liquid scintillation counting

Author: Coulon, Romain, Broda, Ryszard, Cassette, Philippe, Courte, Sammy, Dupire, Aldo, Gressier, Vincent, Jerome, Simon, Judge, Steven, Kossert, Karsten, Liu, Haoran, Michotte, Carine, Nonis, Manuel, Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope, Centre POLATOM, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt [Braunschweig] (PTB), and National Institute of Metrology [Beijing]
Subjects: Liquid scintillation, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Metrology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Pollution, Key comparisons, alpha-rays, Analytical Chemistry, TDCR, ESIR, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, radioactivity, triple to double coincidence, beta-rays, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], ionizing radiation, nuclear instrumentation, Spectroscopy, liquid scintillation counter
Abstract: International audience; The Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) is developing with the support of national metrology institutes an extension to the existing international reference system of radionuclide metrology to address pure alpha-, pure beta-emitting and some electron capture-decaying radionuclides. The new service is based on a liquid scintillation counter and the triple to double coincidence (TDCR) technique. A dedicated facility to prepare liquid scintillation sources and a TDCR system have been set up at the BIPM. The TDCR system was conceived and commissioned in order to ensure the long-term reproducibility of the reference it produces. The metrology is based on a dedicated approach which uses the TDCR value as a parameter to stabilize the output quantities of the system against changes in detection efficiency or asymmetry that could appear in a long-term period of operation. The quality assurance based on periodic controls of toluene-based liquid scintillation sources of H-3 and C-14 has permitted to demonstrate the reproducibility of the system for a 20-month period.
Published: 2022

19. Biochemical and molecular characterization of sialylated cervical mucins in sheep

Author: Laura Abril-Parreño, Jack Morgan, Anette Krogenæs, Xavier Druart, Paul Cormican, Mary E Gallagher, Colm Reid, Kieran Meade, Radka Saldova, Sean Fair, University of Limerick (UL), Teagasc - The Agriculture and Food Development Authority (Teagasc), The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), ANR-16-SUSN-0001,SusSheP,Sustainable Sheep Production(2016), and European Project: 696231,H2020,H2020-ISIB-2015-1,SusAn(2016)
Subjects: Male, fertility, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Sheep, Pregnancy Rate, cervical mucus, sperm transport, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, Cell Biology, General Medicine, N-Acetylneuraminic Acid, Reproductive Medicine, Pregnancy, Semen, sialic acid, ewe breed, Animals, Female, estrus cycle, Insemination, Artificial, Semen Preservation
Abstract: Sialic acid occupies terminal positions on O-glycans of cervical mucins, where they contribute to the increased viscosity of mucin thereby regulating sperm transport. This study characterized the sialylated cervical mucins from follicular phase mucus of six European ewe breeds with known differences in pregnancy rates following cervical artificial insemination (AI) using frozen–thawed semen at both synchronized and natural estrus cycles. These were Suffolk (low fertility) and Belclare (medium fertility) in Ireland, Ile de France and Romanov (both with medium fertility) in France, and Norwegian White Sheep (NWS) and Fur (both with high fertility) in Norway. Expression of mucin and sialic acid related genes was quantified using RNA-sequencing in cervical tissue from Suffolk, Belclare, Fur, and NWS only. Cervical tissue was also assessed for the percentage of cervical epithelial populated by mucin secreting goblet cells in the same four ewe breeds. Biochemical analysis showed that there was an effect of ewe breed on sialic acid species, which was represented by Suffolk having higher levels of Neu5,9Ac2 compared with NWS (P
Published: 2022

20. Genome structures resolve the early diversification of teleost fishes

Author: Elise Parey, Alexandra Louis, Jerome Montfort, Olivier Bouchez, Céline Roques, Carole Iampietro, Jerome Lluch, Adrien Castinel, Cécile Donnadieu, Thomas Desvignes, Christabel Floi Bucao, Elodie Jouanno, Ming Wen, Sahar Mejri, Ron Dirks, Hans Jansen, Christiaan Henkel, Wei-Jen Chen, Margot Zahm, Cédric Cabau, Christophe Klopp, Andrew W. Thompson, Marc Robinson-Rechavi, Ingo Braasch, Guillaume Lecointre, Julien Bobe, John H. Postlethwait, Camille Berthelot, Hugues Roest Crollius, Yann Guiguen, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génome et Transcriptome - Plateforme Génomique ( GeT-PlaGe), Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Oregon [Eugene], Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Hunan Normal University (HNU), Florida Atlantic University [Boca Raton], Future Genomics Technologies, Universiteit Leiden, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), National Taiwan University [Taiwan] (NTU), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Système d'Information des GENomes des Animaux d'Elevage (SIGENAE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRAE), Western Michigan University [Kalamazoo], Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Génomique fonctionnelle comparative - Comparative functional genomics, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), This work was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, France (ANR) on the GenoFish project, 2016–2021 (grant No. ANR-16-CE12-003) to H.R.C., C.B., J.B., J.H.P., M.R.C., and Y.G., and by France Génomique National infrastructure, funded as part of 'Investissement d’avenir' program managed by ANR (grant No. ANR-10-INBS-09) to C.D. Part of the fellowship to E.P. was supported by funds from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No 817923 (AQUA-FAANG). M.R.-R. was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation grant 31003A_173048. J.H.P and I.B were supported by the National Institutes of Health under grant agreement No. R01OD011116. W.J.C. was supported by MOST grants No. 111-2611-M-002-025, 110-2611-M-002-013, and 108-2611-M-002-012-MY2., ANR-16-CE12-0035,GenoFish,Evolution des génes et des génomes après duplication compléte(2016), ANR-10-INBS-0009,France-Génomique,Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique(2010), European Project: 817923,H2020,H2020-EU.3.2.1.1., H2020-EU.3.2.3.1.,AQUA-FAANG(2019), DYnamique et Organisation des GENomes - Equipe de l'IBENS (DYOGEN), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Institute of Oceanography [Taipei], Plateforme Bio-Informatique - Génotoul, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRAE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-BioInfOmics, Génétique des génomes - Genetics of Genomes (UMR 3525), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Swiss National Science Foundation grant 31003A_173048, National Institute of Health under grant agreement No R01OD011116, and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)
Subjects: Animals, Zebrafish/genetics, Fishes/genetics, Eels/genetics, Biological Evolution, Phylogeny, Genome, Evolution, Molecular, Multidisciplinary, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity
Abstract: Accurate species phylogenies are a prerequisite for evolutionary research. Teleosts are by far the largest and the most diversified group of extant vertebrates, but relationships among the three oldest lineages of extant teleosts remain unresolved. Based on seven high-quality new genome assemblies in Elopomorpha (tarpons, eels), we revisited the topology of the deepest branches of the teleost phylogeny using independent gene sequence and chromosomal rearrangement phylogenomic approaches. These analyses converged to a single scenario that unambiguously places the Elopomorpha and Osteoglossomorpha (bony-tongues) in a monophyletic group sister to all other teleosts, i.e., the Clupeocephala lineage. This finding resolves over 50 years of controversy on the evolutionary relationships of these lineages and highlights the power of combining different levels of genome-wide information to solve complex phylogenies.One-Sentence SummaryWhole-genome analyses place Elopomorpha (tarpons, eels) and Osteoglossomorpha (bony-tongues) as sister groups at the deepest branching of crown teleosts.
Published: 2023

21. Development of agroecology in Austria and Germany [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]

Author: Brumer, Anna, Wezel, Alexander, Dauber, Jens, Breland, Tor Arvid, Grard, Baptiste, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Agroécologie et Environnement (AGE), Isara, Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], This research was financially supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme project no 101000478 (Agroecology for Europe [AE4EU])., and European Project: AE4EU
Subjects: [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics
Abstract: International audience; Background: Transforming food systems is necessary to address the global issues of severe biodiversity loss, hunger, and malnutrition as well as the consequences of the rapidly advancing climate change. Agroecology as a systemic approach has been recognised as a promising path of change exemplified in various case studies strengthening this transformation. The aim of this study is to get insight specifically for Austria and Germany in providing an overview of the advancement in agroecology in both countries and identify agroecology-related initiatives. Methods: 21 interviews with experts were conducted to determine the recognition, understanding, and development of agroecology in Austria and Germany in terms of movement, practice, policies, education, and research. In addition, information about agroecology-related initiatives was collected from interviews with 24 representatives of initiatives and literature analysis. Data was analysed according to five activity categories under which agroecology manifest: movement, practice, living lab, science and research infrastructure, and training and education. Results: Results show that the term agroecology is not commonly used in Austria and Germany, where the concept is mainly associated to a scientific discipline. Practices considered agroecological are implemented primarily through organic agriculture, which is very developed in Austria and to a lesser extent in Germany. Many networks, food policy councils, associations, and scientific projects related to agroecology exist, each with specific purposes and ambitions to change farming and food systems. While most selected initiatives do not explicitly refer to agroecology, all follow certain agroecological principles and aim at contributing to accelerate the agroecological transition. Conclusions: Clarifying the concept of agroecology, overcoming economic and political barriers as well as fostering participation of a multitude of stakeholders in the transition is essential for the future development of agroecology in Austria and Germany.
Published: 2023

22. Drivers of Perceived Nuisance Growth by Aquatic Plants

Author: Kirstine Thiemer, Bart Immerzeel, Susanne Schneider, Keneilwe Sebola, Julie Coetzee, Mathieu Baldo, Gabrielle Thiebaut, Sabine Hilt, Jan Köhler, Sarah Faye Harpenslager, Jan E. Vermaat, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), We gratefully acknowledge the Research Council of Norway (297202/E10), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (033WU005), the French Agence National de Recherche (N° ANR-18-IC4W-0004-06) and the South African Water Research Commission (K5/2951) for funding of MadMacs (Mass development of aquatic macrophytes—causes and consequences of macrophyte removal for ecosystem structure, function, and services) in the frame of the collaborative international consortium of the 2017 call of the Water Challenges for a Changing World Joint Programme Initiative (Water JPI). Additional funding is provided by Krypsiv på Sørlandet, NIVA and the Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management at NMBU. Open Access funding provided by Norwegian Institute For Water Research., and ANR-18-IC4W-0004,MadMacs,Mass development of aquatic macrophytes – causes and consequences of macrophyte removal for ecosystem structure, function, and services(2018)
Subjects: Macrophytes, Global and Planetary Change, Bayesian networks, Ecology, problematic growth, mass development, Aquatic Ecology, survey, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ecosystem services, Pollution
Abstract: Mass developments of macrophytes occur frequently worldwide and are often considered a nuisance when interfering with human activities. It is crucial to understand the drivers of this perception if we are to develop effective management strategies for ecosystems with macrophyte mass developments. Using a comprehensive survey spanning five sites with different macrophyte species in four countries (Norway, France, Germany and South Africa), we quantified the perception of macrophyte growth as a nuisance among residents and visitors, and for different recreational activities (swimming, boating, angling, appreciation of biodiversity, appreciation of landscape and birdwatching). We then used a Bayesian network approach to integrate the perception of nuisance with the consequences of plant removal. From the 1234 responses collected from the five sites, a range of 73–93% of the respondents across the sites considered macrophyte growth a nuisance at each site. Residents perceived macrophytes up to 23% more problematic than visitors. Environmental mindedness of respondents did not influence the perception of nuisance. Perceived nuisance of macrophytes was relatively similar for different recreational activities that were possible in each case study site, although we found some site-specific variation. Finally, we illustrate how Bayesian networks can be used to choose the best management option by balancing people’s perception of macrophyte growth with the potential consequences of macrophyte removal.
Published: 2023

23. A species-level trait dataset of bats in Europe and beyond

Author: Jérémy S. P. Froidevaux, Nia Toshkova, Luc Barbaro, Ana Benítez-López, Christian Kerbiriou, Isabelle Le Viol, Michela Pacifici, Luca Santini, Clare Stawski, Danilo Russo, Jasja Dekker, Antton Alberdi, Francisco Amorim, Leonardo Ancillotto, Kévin Barré, Yves Bas, Lisette Cantú-Salazar, Dina K. N. Dechmann, Tiphaine Devaux, Katrine Eldegard, Sasan Fereidouni, Joanna Furmankiewicz, Daniela Hamidovic, Davina L. Hill, Carlos Ibáñez, Jean-François Julien, Javier Juste, Peter Kaňuch, Carmi Korine, Alexis Laforge, Gaëlle Legras, Camille Leroux, Grzegorz Lesiński, Léa Mariton, Julie Marmet, Vanessa A. Mata, Clare M. Mifsud, Victoria Nistreanu, Roberto Novella-Fernandez, Hugo Rebelo, Niamh Roche, Charlotte Roemer, Ireneusz Ruczyński, Rune Sørås, Marcel Uhrin, Adriana Vella, Christian C. Voigt, Orly Razgour, University of Stirling, Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bristol [Bristol], National Museum of Natural History, Sofia, Bulgaria (NMNHS), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Dipartimento INFOCOM [Roma], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), University of the Sunshine Coast (USC), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Auteur indépendant, IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos [Vairao] (CIBIO), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, University of Konstanz, Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), University of Wrocław [Poland] (UWr), Croatian Biospeleological Society, University of Glasgow, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Station de Biologie Marine de Concarneau, Direction générale déléguée à la Recherche, à l’Expertise, à la Valorisation et à l’Enseignement-Formation (DGD.REVE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), University of Southampton, School of Biological Sciences, University of P. J. Safarik in Kosice, University of Malta [Malta], Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Leibniz Association, University of Exeter, and Jeremy Froidevaux was funded by the Région Bretagne (SAD grant number 19041) and the Leverhulme Trust (grant number: ECF-2020-571). Nia Toshkova was funded by the Bulgarian National Science Fund (CP-06-COST/15from 16.12.2020) and а PhD Fellowship from Karoll Knowledge Foundation.
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ddc:570, Library and Information Sciences, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Computer Science Applications, Education, Information Systems
Abstract: Knowledge of species’ functional traits is essential for understanding biodiversity patterns, predicting the impacts of global environmental changes, and assessing the efficiency of conservation measures. Bats are major components of mammalian diversity and occupy a variety of ecological niches and geographic distributions. However, an extensive compilation of their functional traits and ecological attributes is still missing. Here we present EuroBaTrait 1.0, the most comprehensive and up-to-date trait dataset covering 47 European bat species. The dataset includes data on 118 traits including genetic composition, physiology, morphology, acoustic signature, climatic associations, foraging habitat, roost type, diet, spatial behaviour, life history, pathogens, phenology, and distribution. We compiled the bat trait data obtained from three main sources: (i) a systematic literature and dataset search, (ii) unpublished data from European bat experts, and (iii) observations from large-scale monitoring programs. EuroBaTrait is designed to provide an important data source for comparative and trait-based analyses at the species or community level. The dataset also exposes knowledge gaps in species, geographic and trait coverage, highlighting priorities for future data collection.
Published: 2023

24. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their nitrated and oxygenated derivatives in the Arctic boundary layer: seasonal trends and local anthropogenic influence

Author: Alexandre Albinet, Alena Dekhtyareva, Tatiana Drotikova, Roland Kallenborn, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), University of Bergen (UiB), and Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Polar night, Physics, QC1-999, 010501 environmental sciences, Particulates, Environmental pollutants in the Arctic, 01 natural sciences, Midnight sun, The arctic, Ambient air, Chemistry, Boundary layer, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Middle latitudes, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Miljøgifter i Arktis, QD1-999, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: A total of 22 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 29 oxy-PAHs, and 35 nitro-PAHs (polycyclic aromatic compounds, PACs) were measured in gaseous and particulate phases in the ambient air of Longyearbyen, the most populated settlement in Svalbard, the European Arctic. The sampling campaign started in the polar night in November 2017 and lasted for 8 months until June 2018, when a light cycle reached a sunlit period with no night. The transport regimes of the near-surface, potentially polluted air masses from midlatitudes to the Arctic and the polar boundary layer meteorology were studied. The data analysis showed the observed winter PAC levels were mainly influenced by the lower-latitude sources in northwestern Eurasia, while local emissions dominated in spring and summer. The highest PAC concentrations observed in spring, with PAH concentrations a factor of 30 higher compared to the measurements at the closest background station in Svalbard (Zeppelin, 115 km distance from Longyearbyen), were attributed to local snowmobile-driving emissions. The lowest PAC concentrations were expected in summer due to enhanced photochemical degradation under the 24 h midnight sun conditions and inhibited long-range atmospheric transport. In contrast, the measured summer concentrations were notably higher than those in winter due to the harbour (ship) emissions.
Published: 2021

25. Flowering Phenology of Six Seasonal-Flowering Strawberry Cultivars in a Coordinated European Study

Author: Erika Krüger, Tomasz L. Woznicki, Ola M. Heide, Krzysztof Kusnierek, Rodmar Rivero, Agnieszka Masny, Iwona Sowik, Bastienne Brauksiepe, Klaus Eimert, Daniela Mott, Gianluca Savini, Marino Demene, Karine Guy, Aurélie Petit, Beatrice Denoyes, Anita Sønsteby, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Sant’Orsola Società Cooperativa Agricola, Invenio, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), This work was founded by the European Union's H2020 Programme (GoodBerry, grant number 679303). We acknowledge support from the Open Access Publishing Fund of Geisenheim University., and European Project: 679303,H2020,H2020-SFS-2015-2,GoodBerry(2016)
Subjects: global radiation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], temperature, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, climate, flower initiation, Fragaria x ananassa, photoperiod, Plant Science, Horticulture
Abstract: The flowering phenology of six genetically distant strawberry cultivars (‘Candonga®’ (ES), ‘Clery’ (IT), ‘Florence’ (UK), ‘Frida’ (NO), ‘Gariguette’ (FR), and ‘Sonata’ (NL)) was studied for 3 years in relation to climatic parameters in open-field cultivation at three locations (Norway, Poland, Germany) and in soil-less cultivation at two locations (Italy, and France), covering a distance of 16 degrees of latitude. This proved to be a useful approach for unravelling the climatic adaptation and plasticity of strawberry genotypes and their suitability both for profitable cultivation and as a breeding pedigree. Despite the intercorrelated character of the climatic variables, the observed results highlight the importance of global radiation as a powerful modifying phenological factor in strawberry. Generally, early flower initiation was associated with elevated temperature and global radiation. ‘Frida’ revealed the highest dependency on global radiation for flower initiation, while ‘Sonata’ was least affected by temperature and radiation. In general, temperature and global radiation in periods both preceding and following flower initiation had a stronger positive effect on the number of flowers than on crowns, especially under open-field conditions. The influence of these factors was highly variable across the cultivars: ‘Clery’, ‘Florence’, and ‘Gariguette’ were most affected, while ‘Frida’ was least influenced.
Published: 2022

26. Sewage sludge disposal strategies for sustainable development

Author: Singh, Bal [Department of Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Aas (Norway)]
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. Pesticide risk assessment and management in a globally changing world. Report from a European interdisciplinary workshop

Author: Laurent Lagadic, Nicolas Mazzella, Fabrice Martin-Laurent, Eric Vindimian, Nicolas Domange, Marianne Stenrød, E.W.M. Roex, Merete Grung, Véronique Gouy, Nikolai Friberg, Anna Barra Caracciolo, Marc Babut, Stefan Reichenberger, Benoit Real, Stéphane Pesce, Julien Tournebize, Nadia Carluer, Manfred Röttele, Kees Romijn, Françoise Vernier, Gertie Arts, Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre for Ecosystem studies, ALTERRA, National Research Council, Water Research Institute, aucun, Office national de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques (ONEMA), Ministère de l'écologie, du développement durable et de l'énergie-Ministère de l'écologie, du développement durable et de l'énergie, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Ecobiologie et qualité des hydrosystèmes continentaux (EQHC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Réseaux épuration et qualité des eaux (UR REBX), Service Agronomie Economie Environnement, ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Footways, DELTARES, Environmental Sciences, Bayer SAS, Better Decisions, Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Hydrosystèmes et bioprocédés (UR HBAN), Aménités et dynamiques des espaces ruraux (UR ADBX), Services généraux (SGMO), Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Deltares, Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés (UR HBAN), Irstea (Scientific and International Affairs Offices), Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions ( UR MALY ), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ), Office national de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques ( ONEMA ), Norwegian Institute for Water Research ( NIVA ), Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Ecobiologie et qualité des hydrosystèmes continentaux ( EQHC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Réseaux épuration et qualité des eaux ( UR REBX ), Norwegian University of Life Sciences ( NMBU ), Hydrosystèmes et bioprocédés ( UR HBAN ), Aménités et dynamiques des espaces ruraux ( UR ADBX ), and Services généraux ( SGMO )
Subjects: Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, AGRICULTURE, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, CLIMATE CHANGE, Water supply, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, PESTICIDES, 11. Sustainability, Sustainable agriculture, PESTICIDE, potential application, RISK ASSESSMENT, MONITORING, passive sampling devices, 2. Zero hunger, Intensive farming, Environmental resource management, Conference Report, General Medicine, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Environmental Policy, EVALUATION DES RISQUES, Europe, Water Framework Directive, in-situ, climate-change, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental Pollutants, IMPACT SUR L'ENVIRONNEMENT, RISK MANAGEMENT, Environmental Risk Assessment, surface-water, 12. Responsible consumption, semipermeable-membrane devices, SURVEILLANCE, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental planning, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, business.industry, environmental-protection, photosystem-ii inhibitors, Congresses as Topic, 15. Life on land, herbicide losses, Water resources, fresh-water, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE, Sustainability, climate change, agriculture, pesticide, Environmental Pollution, business
Abstract: Global change, in particular climate change, will affect agriculture worldwide in many ways: increased drought or flooding amplitude and frequency, variable temperature increases, loss of natural depuration of waters, soil erosion, loss of soil carbon content, invasion by alien species, increased pest events, changes in plant phenology, increased sensitivity of crops to stress and diseases etc. (Fisher et al. 2005; Howden et al. 2007). These anticipated or even already occurring stresses raise concerns about the sustainability of production and the ability of agriculture to feed human populations. All these changes could lead to an increased use of pesticides (Kattwinkel et al. 2011). Moreover, demographic pressure continues to rise, in particular in tropical and sub-tropical regions, where greater threats to agriculture and food sustainability are anticipated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (Easterling et al. 2007). These trends will certainly lead to mounting conflicts involving water uses (irrigation versus drinking water production or freshwater ecosystem maintenance, sanitation etc.) and food production. This appeals to an “ecologically intensive agriculture” (Griffon 2006), i.e. a sustainable agriculture providing ecosystem services more efficiently than today and causing fewer adverse impacts on the environment and water resources. With EU Directive 2009/128/EC (EC 2009a) enforcement, requesting Member States to adopt action plans aiming to reduce risks and impacts related to pesticide uses, there will be a focus in the public and political debates in Europe on achieving a more sustainable use of pesticides. This should consequently lead to a reduction of the risks or impacts of pesticides on the environment. In Europe, there is currently a strong focus on source (including dose) reduction. This approach may nevertheless be too restrictive if the goal is to reduce the agriculture footprint while maintaining or increasing yield. Depending on the chemical properties of pesticides as well as environmental factors, decreasing the amounts of pesticides applied to crops will not automatically produce a decrease in the risk to non-target species or water supply. How could society meet the challenge of the forthcoming climate change? What adaptations should be envisaged for agriculture/pesticide risk management (RM)? These changes will probably have a profound effect on agricultural systems (crop selection, farming practices etc.) and to a lesser extent influence the fate and effects of chemicals (Schiedek et al. 2007). These questions have been addressed by two European research networks, namely Euraqua (the European Network of Freshwater Research Organisations, http://www.euraqua.org/) and PEER (Partnership for European Environmental Research, http://www.peer.eu/), which organised a workshop aiming to identify research needs and strategies induced by these questions in October 2011 in Montpellier, France. The workshop's specific goals were to (1) discuss the pesticide risk assessment (RA) approach, its limitations (e.g. spatial scale and multi-stress situations), the connections between different policies (pesticide regulation and Water Framework Directive), the use of models, (2) review integrated practices and innovative technologies which could or are intended to reduce pesticides' environmental impacts and (3) contribute to the future research and development agenda. This review summarises the workshop discussions.
Published: 2013

28. Research priorities to reduce the impact of COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries

Author: Polasek, Ozren, Wazny, Kerri, Adeloye, Davies, Song, Peige, Chan, Kit Y, Bojude, Danladi A, Ali, Sajjad, Bastien, Sheri, Becerra-Posada, Francisco, Borrescio-Higa, Florencia, Cheema, Sohaila, Cipta, Darien A, Cvjetkovic, Smiljana, Castro, Lina D, Ebenso, Bassey, Femi-Ajao, Omolade, Ganesan, Balasankar, Glasnovic, Anton, He, Longtao, Heraud, Jean M, Igwesi-Chidobe, Chinonso, Iversen, Per O, Jadoon, Bismeen, Karim, Abdulkarim J, Khan, Johra, Biswas, Raaj K, Lanza, Giuseppe, Lee, Shaun WH, Li, You, Liang, Li-Lin, Lowe, Mat, Islam, Mohammad M, Marusic, Ana, Mshelia, Suleiman, Manyara, Anthony M, Htay, Mila NN, Parisi, Michelle, Peprah, Prince, Sacks, Emma, Akinyemi, Kabiru O, Shahraki-Sanavi, Fariba, Sharov, Konstantin, Rotarou, Elena S, Stankov, Srdjan, Supriyatiningsih, Wenang, Chan, Benjamin TY, Tremblay, Mark, Tsimpida, Dialechti, Vento, Sandro, Glasnovic, Josipa V, Wang, Liang, Wang, Xin, Ng, Zhi X, Zhang, Jianrong, Zhang, Yanfeng, Campbell, Harry, Chopra, Mickey, Cousens, Simon, Krstic, Goran, Macdonald, Calum, Mansoori, Parisa, Patel, Smruti, Sheikh, Aziz, Tomlinson, Mark, Tsai, Alexander C, Yoshida, Sachiyo, Rudan, Igor, ISoGH, Int Soc Global Hlth, University of Split, Algebra University College [Zagreb], Children’s Investment Fund Foundation [London] (CIFF), University of Edinburgh, Zhejiang University, Gombe State University [Nigeria] (GUS), Ziauddin University [Karachi, Pakistan], Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Public Health Development Organization [El Paso, Texas, USA], Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez [Santiago], Weill Cornell Medicine [Qatar], Universitas Pelita Harapan [Jakarta, Indonesia], University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Stellenbosch University, Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), and This study was supported by the International Society of Global Health (ISoGH).
Subjects: MESH: Pandemics, Pandemics / prevention & control, COVID-19 Vaccines, COVID-19 / epidemiology, covid, LMIC, priorities, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Child, Humans, MESH: COVID-19, Pandemics/prevention & control, Child, Pandemics, Developing Countries, MESH: Developing Countries, COVID-19/epidemiology, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, MESH: Humans, Health Policy, MESH: Research Design, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19 / prevention & control, COVID-19, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Research Design, MESH: COVID-19 Vaccines, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract: Background: \ud The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruptions to the functioning of societies and their health systems. Prior to the pandemic, health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) were particularly stretched and vulnerable. The International Society of Global Health (ISoGH) sought to systematically identify priorities for health research that would have the potential to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in LMICs.\ud \ud Methods: \ud The Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method was used to identify COVID-19-related research priorities. All ISoGH members were invited to participate. Seventy-nine experts in clinical, translational, and population research contributed 192 research questions for consideration. Fifty-two experts then scored those questions based on five pre-defined criteria that were selected for this exercise: 1) feasibility and answerability; 2) potential for burden reduction; 3) potential for a paradigm shift; 4) potential for translation and implementation; and 5) impact on equity.\ud \ud Results: \ud Among the top 10 research priorities, research questions related to vaccination were prominent: health care system access barriers to equitable uptake of COVID-19 vaccination (ranked 1st), determinants of vaccine hesitancy (4th), development and evaluation of effective interventions to decrease vaccine hesitancy (5th), and vaccination impacts on vulnerable population/s (6th). Health care delivery questions also ranked highly, including: effective strategies to manage COVID-19 globally and in LMICs (2nd) and integrating health care for COVID-19 with other essential health services in LMICs (3rd). Additionally, the assessment of COVID-19 patients’ needs in rural areas of LMICs was ranked 7th, and studying the leading socioeconomic determinants and consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in LMICs using multi-faceted approaches was ranked 8th. The remaining questions in the top 10 were: clarifying paediatric case-fatality rates (CFR) in LMICs and identifying effective strategies for community engagement against COVID-19 in different LMIC contexts.\ud \ud Interpretation: \ud Health policy and systems research to inform COVID-19 vaccine uptake and equitable access to care are urgently needed, especially for rural, vulnerable, and/or marginalised populations. This research should occur in parallel with studies that will identify approaches to minimise vaccine hesitancy and effectively integrate care for COVID-19 with other essential health services in LMICs. ISoGH calls on the funders of health research in LMICs to consider the urgency and priority of this research during the COVID-19 pandemic and support studies that could make a positive difference for the populations of LMICs.
Published: 2022

29. Genome assembly, structural variants, and genetic differentiation between lake whitefish young species pairs (Coregonus sp.) with long and short reads

Author: Claire Mérot, Kristina S. R. Stenløkk, Clare Venney, Martin Laporte, Michel Moser, Eric Normandeau, Mariann Árnyasi, Matthew Kent, Clément Rougeux, Jullien M. Flynn, Sigbjørn Lien, Louis Bernatchez, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Cornell University [New York], and This research was supported by a Discovery research grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) to L.B., the Canadian Research Chair in genomics and conservation of aquatic resources, as well as Ressources Aquatiques Québec (RAQ). C.M. was supported by a Banting Postdoctoral fellowship from the Government of Canada.
Subjects: whole genome sequencing, teleost, Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400 [VDP], Mathematics and natural scienses: 400 [VDP], population genomics, speciation, Bioinformatikk, Bioinformatics, Genetics, structural variants, transposable elements, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Nascent pairs of ecologically differentiated species offer an opportunity to get a better glimpse at the genetic architecture of speciation. Of particular interest is our recent ability to consider a wider range of genomic variants, not only single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), thanks to long-read sequencing technology. We can now identify structural variants (SVs) like insertions, deletions, and other rearrangements, allowing further insights into the genetic architecture of speciation and how different types of variants are involved in species differentiation. Here, we investigated genomic patterns of differentiation between sympatric species pairs (Dwarf and Normal) belonging to the Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) species complex. We assembled the first reference genomes for both C. clupeaformis sp. Normal and C. clupeaformis sp. Dwarf, annotated the transposable elements, and analysed the genomes in the light of related coregonid species. Next, we used a combination of long-read and short-read sequencing to characterize SVs and genotype them at population-scale using genome-graph approaches, showing that SVs cover five times more of the genome than SNPs. We then integrated both SNPs and SVs to investigate the genetic architecture of species differentiation in two different lakes and highlighted an excess of shared outliers of differentiation. In particular, a large fraction of SVs differentiating the two species correspond to insertions or deletions of transposable elements (TEs), suggesting that TE accumulation may represent a key component of genetic divergence between the Dwarf and Normal species. Altogether, our results suggest that SVs may play an important role in speciation and that, by combining second and third generation sequencing, we now have the ability to integrate SVs into speciation genomics.
Published: 2022

30. Mechanistic insights into consumption of the food additive xanthan gum by the human gut microbiota

Author: Matthew P. Ostrowski, Sabina Leanti La Rosa, Benoit J. Kunath, Andrew Robertson, Gabriel Pereira, Live H. Hagen, Neha J. Varghese, Ling Qiu, Tianming Yao, Gabrielle Flint, James Li, Sean P. McDonald, Duna Buttner, Nicholas A. Pudlo, Matthew K. Schnizlein, Vincent B. Young, Harry Brumer, Thomas M. Schmidt, Nicolas Terrapon, Vincent Lombard, Bernard Henrissat, Bruce Hamaker, Emiley A. Eloe-Fadrosh, Ashootosh Tripathi, Phillip B. Pope, Eric C. Martens, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Luxembourg Centre For Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg], US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek CA, USA, DOE Joint Genome Institute [Walnut Creek], Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, University of British Columbia (UBC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Dietary Fiber, Microbiology (medical), MESH: Humans, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Polysaccharides, Bacterial, Immunology, MESH: Food Additives, Cell Biology, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, MESH: Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Mice, MESH: Dietary Fiber, Genetics, Animals, Humans, Food Additives, MESH: Animals, MESH: Polysaccharides, Bacterial, MESH: Mice
Abstract: International audience; Processed foods often include food additives such as xanthan gum, a complex polysaccharide with unique rheological properties, that has established widespread use as a stabilizer and thickening agent. Xanthan gum's chemical structure is distinct from those of host and dietary polysaccharides that are more commonly expected to transit the gastrointestinal tract, and little is known about its direct interaction with the gut microbiota, which plays a central role in digestion of other dietary fibre polysaccharides. Here we show that the ability to digest xanthan gum is common in human gut microbiomes from industrialized countries and appears contingent on a single uncultured bacterium in the family Ruminococcaceae. Our data reveal that this primary degrader cleaves the xanthan gum backbone before processing the released oligosaccharides using additional enzymes. Some individuals harbour Bacteroides intestinalis that is incapable of consuming polymeric xanthan gum but grows on oligosaccharide products generated by the Ruminococcaceae. Feeding xanthan gum to germfree mice colonized with a human microbiota containing the uncultured Ruminococcaceae supports the idea that the additive xanthan gum can drive expansion of the primary degrader Ruminococcaceae, along with exogenously introduced B. intestinalis. Our work demonstrates the existence of a potential xanthan gum food chain involving at least two members of different phyla of gut bacteria and provides an initial framework for understanding how widespread consumption of a recently introduced food additive influences human microbiomes.
Published: 2022

31. Maternal Glycemic Dysregulation During Pregnancy and Neonatal Blood DNA Methylation: Meta-analyses of Epigenome-Wide Association Studies

Author: Elmar W. Tobi, Diana L. Juvinao-Quintero, Justiina Ronkainen, Raffael Ott, Rossella Alfano, Mickaël Canouil, Madelon L. Geurtsen, Amna Khamis, Leanne K. Küpers, Ives Y. Lim, Patrice Perron, Giancarlo Pesce, Johanna Tuhkanen, Anne P. Starling, Toby Andrew, Elisabeth Binder, Robert Caiazzo, Jerry K.Y. Chan, Romy Gaillard, Peter D. Gluckman, Elina Keikkala, Neerja Karnani, Sanna Mustaniemi, Tim S. Nawrot, François Pattou, Michelle Plusquin, Violeta Raverdy, Kok Hian Tan, Evangelia Tzala, Katri Raikkonen, Christiane Winkler, Anette-G. Ziegler, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Luigi Bouchard, Yap Seng Chong, Dana Dabelea, Janine F. Felix, Barbara Heude, Vincent W.V. Jaddoe, Jari Lahti, Brigitte Reimann, Marja Vääräsmäki, Amélie Bonnefond, Philippe Froguel, Sandra Hummel, Eero Kajantie, Marjo-Riita Jarvelin, Regine P.M. Steegers-Theunissen, Caitlin G. Howe, Marie-France Hivert, Sylvain Sebert, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, University of Oulu, Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Klinikums rechts der Isar, Hasselt University (UHasselt), Metabolic functional (epi)genomics and molecular mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes and related diseases - UMR 8199 - UMR 1283 (EGENODIA (GI3M)), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Generation R Study Group, Imperial College London, Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences [Singapour] (SICS), Agency for science, technology and research [Singapore] (A*STAR), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department [iPlesp] (EPAR), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), TKK Helsinki University of Technology (TKK), Colorado School of Public Health [Aurora, CO, USA] (CSPH), University of Colorado Anschutz [Aurora], Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Recherche translationnelle sur le diabète - U 1190 (RTD), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), KK Women's and Children's Hospital [Singapore], Duke-NUS Medical School [Singapore], Liggins Institute, University of Auckland [Auckland], Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki, Finland] (FIHW), Oulu University Hospital [Oulu], Bioinformatics Institute [Singapore], Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine [Singapore], Faculty of Medecine [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Institut Desbrest de santé publique (IDESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Brunel University London [Uxbridge], Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Salvy-Córdoba, Nathalie, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Pediatrics, Binder, Elisabeth, Küpers, Leanne K., Geurtsen, Madelon L., Raikkonen, Katri, Tuhkanen, Johanna, Felix, Janine F., ALFANO, Rossella, Winkler, Christiane, Ott, Raffael, Dabelea, Dana, Khamis, Amna, Bouchard, Luigi, Bonnefond, Amélie, Canouil, Mickaël, Karnani, Neerja, Hummel, Sandra, Tobi, Elmar W, Sebert, Sylvain, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riita, Keikkala, Elina, Heude, Barbara, Pesce, Giancarlo, Steegers-Theunissen, Regine P.M., Lim, Ives Y., REIMANN, Brigitte, Caiazzo, Robert, Hian Tan, Kok, Chan, Jerry K.Y., Ronkainen, Justiina, Ziegler, Anette-G., NAWROT, Tim, Froguel, Philippe, Gluckman, Peter D., Raverdy, Violeta, Starling, Anne P., Howe, Caitlin G., Lahti, Jari, Mustaniemi, Sanna, Hivert, Marie-France, Seng Chong, Yap, Jaddoe, Vincent W.V., Perron, Patrice, Pattou, François, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Juvinao-Quintero, Diana L., Gaillard, Romy, Vääräsmäki, Marja, Plusquin, Michelle, Andrew, Toby, Kajantie, Eero, and Tzala, Evangelia
Subjects: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, MESH: Epigenome, [SDV.MHEP.GEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, Epigenesis, Genetic, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Epigenome, MESH: DNA Methylation, MESH: Pregnancy, [SDV.MHEP.PED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, HYPERGLYCEMIA, Pregnancy, Internal Medicine, Humans, MESH: Fetal Blood, MESH: Epigenesis, Genetic, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, MESH: Diabetes, Gestational, [SDV.MHEP.EM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Science & Technology, MESH: Humans, MESH: Infant, Newborn, Infant, Newborn, DNA Methylation, [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, Fetal Blood, Diabetes, Gestational, [SDV.MHEP.GEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, MESH: Female, MESH: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Abstract: OBJECTIVE Maternal glycemic dysregulation during pregnancy increases the risk of adverse health outcomes in her offspring; a risk thought to be linearly related to maternal hyperglycemia. It is hypothesized that changes in offspring DNA methylation (DNAm) underline these associations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS To address this hypothesis, we conducted fixed-effect meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) results from eight birth cohorts investigating relationships between cord blood DNAm and fetal exposure to maternal glucose (Nmax= 3,503), insulin (Nmax= 2,062), and the area under the curve of glucose (AUCgluc) following oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT, Nmax= 1,505). We performed look-up analyses for identified CpG dinucleotides (CpGs) in independent observational cohorts to examine associations between DNAm and cardiometabolic traits as well as tissue-specific gene expression. RESULTS Greater maternal AUCgluc was associated with lower cord blood DNAm at neighboring CpGs cg26974062 (β= -0.013 [SE=2.1x10-3], PFDR= 5.1x10-3) and cg02988288 (β= -0.013 [SE=2.3x10-3], PFDR =0.031) in TXNIP. These associations were attenuated in women with GDM. Lower blood DNAm at these two CpGs near TXNIP was associated with multiple metabolic traits later in life, including type 2 diabetes. TXNIP DNAm in liver biopsies was associated with hepatic expression of TXNIP. We observed little evidence of associations between either maternal glucose or insulin and cord blood DNAm. CONCLUSION Maternal hyperglycemia, as reflected by AUCgluc, was associated with lower cord blood DNAm at TXNIP. Associations between DNAm at these CpGs and metabolic traits in subsequent look-up analyses suggest that these may be candidate loci to investigate in future causal and mediation analyses.
Published: 2022

32. Herbivory on the pedunculate oak along an urbanization gradient in Europe : Effects of impervious surface, local tree cover, and insect feeding guild

Author: Elena Valdés‐Correcher, Anna Popova, Andrea Galmán, Andreas Prinzing, Andrey V. Selikhovkin, Andy G. Howe, Anna Mrazova, Anne‐Maïmiti Dulaurent, Arndt Hampe, Ayco Jerome Michel Tack, Christophe Bouget, Daniela Lupaștean, Deborah Harvey, Dmitry L. Musolin, Gábor L. Lövei, Giada Centenaro, Inge Van Halder, Jonas Hagge, Jovan Dobrosavljević, Juha‐Matti Pitkänen, Julia Koricheva, Katerina Sam, Luc Barbaro, Manuela Branco, Marco Ferrante, Maria Faticov, Markéta Tahadlová, Martin Gossner, Maxime Cauchoix, Michał Bogdziewicz, Mihai‐Leonard Duduman, Mikhail V. Kozlov, Mona C. Bjoern, Nikita A. Mamaev, Pilar Fernandez‐Conradi, Rebecca L. Thomas, Ross Wetherbee, Samantha Green, Slobodan Milanović, Xoaquín Moreira, Yannick Mellerin, Yasmine Kadiri, Bastien Castagneyrol, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Saint Petersburg University (SPBU), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), University of South Bohemia, Agro-écologie, Hydrogéochimie, Milieux et Ressources (AGHYLE), UniLaSalle, Stockholm University, Groupement d'Interêt Public Ecosystèmes Forestiers GIP ECOFOR (GIP ECOFOR ), University Stefan cel Mare of Suceava (USU), Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), St Petersburg State University (SPbU), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), University of London [London], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Institut Fédéral de Recherches sur la Forêt, la Neige et le Paysage (WSL), Institut Fédéral de Recherches [Suisse], Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Turku, IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Coventry University, Mision Biologica de Galicia (MBG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), ANR‐10‐LABX‐45, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Fondation BNP Paribas, ANR-10-LABX-0045,COTE,COntinental To coastal Ecosystems: evolution, adaptability and governance(2010), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), BNP Paribas Foundation, Valdés-Correcher, Elena, Sam, Katerina, Ferrante, Marco, Bogdziewicz, Michał, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Research Centre for Ecological Change, and Department of Agricultural Sciences
Subjects: impervious surface, local canopy cover, insect herbivory, DIVERSITY, PLANT DEFENSES, HEAT, LEAF HERBIVORY, URBAN, Insect Herbivory, Leaf Miners, citizen science, Impervious Surface, Local Canopy Cover, leaf gallers, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Leaf Gallers, GLOBAL PATTERNS, Ecology, LANDSCAPE CONTEXT, Citizen Science, fungi, FOREST, Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, ABUNDANCE, leaf miners, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Quercus robur, TOP-DOWN
Abstract: 14 páginas, 3 figuras, Urbanization is an important driver of the diversity and abundance of tree-associated insect herbivores, but its consequences for insect herbivory are poorly understood. A likely source of variability among studies is the insufficient consideration of intra-urban variability in forest cover. With the help of citizen scientists, we investigated the independent and interactive effects of local canopy cover and percentage of impervious surface on insect herbivory in the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) throughout most of its geographic range in Europe. We found that the damage caused by chewing insect herbivores as well as the incidence of leaf-mining and gall-inducing herbivores consistently decreased with increasing impervious surface around focal oaks. Herbivory by chewing herbivores increased with increasing forest cover, regardless of impervious surface. In contrast, an increase in local canopy cover buffered the negative effect of impervious surface on leaf miners and strengthened its effect on gall inducers. These results show that-just like in non-urban areas-plant-herbivore interactions in cities are structured by a complex set of interacting factors. This highlights that local habitat characteristics within cities have the potential to attenuate or modify the effect of impervious surfaces on biotic interactions., This study was carried out with financial support from the French National Research Agency (ANR) in the frame of the Investments for the Future Programme, within the Cluster of Excellence COTE (Continental To coastal Ecosystems: evolution, adaptability, and governance) (ANR-10-LABX-45) and was further funded by the BNP Paribas Foundation as part of its Climate & Biodiversity Initiative the citizen science project Tree Bodyguards. The authors warmly thank all the young European citizens and their teachers who made this study possible. They also thank the professional scientists who kindly agreed to participate in this study: Alexander Kozel (Belarusian State Technological University and American Psychological Association), Andreas Schuldt (Forest Nature Conservation, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, German), Aurélien Sallé (Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE, Université d'Orléans), Chloe Mendiondo and Claire Colliaux (Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg Research Centre, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark), György Csóka (Department of Forest Protection, NARIC Forest Research Institute, Mátrafüred, Hungary), Lars Opgennoorth (Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Ecological Genetics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland), Laurent Augusto (INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Marija Popović (Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia), Mickael Pihain (Research Unit “Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution”, University of Rennes 1/CNRS, 35042 Rennes, France), Olivier Bouriaud (Applied Ecology Laboratory, Forestry Faculty, “Ștefan cel Mare, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania), Stefan K. Müller (Freie evangelische Schule Lörrach), Tomas Roslin (Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences), Valentin Queloz (Forest Entomology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL), and Vojtech Lanta (Institute of Botany CAS, Dukelská 135, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic). They also thank Michael Scherer-Lorenzen (Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg) for the help during the coordination of the research.
Published: 2022

33. Proteome specialization of anaerobic fungi during ruminal degradation of recalcitrant plant fiber

Author: Michelle A. O’Malley, Angela D. Norbeck, Live Heldal Hagen, Nancy G. Isern, Charles G. Brooke, Claire Shaw, Simon Roux, Bernard Henrissat, Anil K. Shukla, Ljiljana Paša-Tolić, Igor V. Grigoriev, Hailan Piao, Alex Copeland, Heather M. Olson, Magnus Ø. Arntzen, Matthias Hess, Roderick I. Mackie, Vincent Lombard, Phillip B. Pope, Susannah G. Tringe, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), University of California (UC), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Washington State University (WSU), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), King Abdulaziz University, University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System, Department of Earth Sciences [University of Southern California], University of Southern California (USC), United States Department of Energy (DOE) DE-AC02-05CH11231Research Council of Norway 250479, European Project: 336355,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-StG,MICRODE(2014), and University of California
Subjects: Technology, animal structures, Rumen, Glycoside Hydrolases, Proteome, Cellulosomes, Polysaccharide, Microbiology, Article, Cell wall, Microbial ecology, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, Glycoside hydrolase, Anaerobiosis, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, Fungi, food and beverages, Biological Sciences, biology.organism_classification, Biochemistry, chemistry, Fermentation, Cattle, Female, Microbiome, Digestion, Environmental Sciences, Bacteria, Archaea
Abstract: The rumen harbors a complex microbial mixture of archaea, bacteria, protozoa and fungi that efficiently breakdown plant biomass and its complex dietary carbohydrates into soluble sugars that can be fermented and subsequently converted into metabolites and nutrients utilized by the host animal. While rumen bacterial populations have been well documented, only a fraction of the rumen eukarya are taxonomically and functionally characterized, despite the recognition that they contribute to the cellulolytic phenotype of the rumen microbiota. To investigate how anaerobic fungi actively engage in digestion of recalcitrant fiber that is resistant to degradation, we resolved genome-centric metaproteome and metatranscriptome datasets generated from switchgrass samples incubated for 48 hours in nylon bags within the rumen of cannulated dairy cows. Across a gene catalogue covering anaerobic rumen bacteria, fungi and viruses, a significant portion of the detected proteins originated from fungal populations. Intriguingly, the carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) profile suggested a domain-specific functional specialization, with bacterial populations primarily engaged in the degradation of polysaccharides such as hemicellulose, whereas fungi were inferred to target recalcitrant cellulose structures via the detection of a number of endo- and exo-acting enzymes belonging to the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 5, 6, 8 and 48. Notably, members of the GH48 family were amongst the highest abundant CAZymes and detected representatives from this family also included dockerin domains that are associated with fungal cellulosomes. A eukaryote-selected metatranscriptome further reinforced the contribution of uncultured fungi in the ruminal degradation of recalcitrant fibers. These findings elucidate the intricate networks ofin siturecalcitrant fiber deconstruction, and importantly, suggests that the anaerobic rumen fungi contribute a specific set of CAZymes that complement the enzyme repertoire provided by the specialized plant cell wall degrading rumen bacteria.
Published: 2020

34. Development of an adverse outcome pathway for radiation-induced microcephaly via expert consultation and machine learning

Author: Thomas Jaylet, Roel Quintens, Mohamed Abderrafi Benotmane, Jukka Luukkonen, Ignacia Braga Tanaka, Chrystelle Ibanez, Christelle Durand, Magdalini Sachana, Omid Azimzadeh, Christelle Adam-Guillermin, Knut Erik Tollefsen, Olivier Laurent, Karine Audouze, Olivier Armant, Toxicité environnementale, cibles thérapeutiques, signalisation cellulaire (T3S - UMR_S 1124), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire (SCK-CEN), University of Eastern Finland, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Laboratoire de radiotoxicologie et radiobiologie expérimentale (IRSN/PSE-SANTE/SESANE/LRTOX), Service de recherche sur les effets biologiques et Sanitaires des rayonnements ionisants (IRSN/PSE-SANTE/SESANE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OCDE), Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz - Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Laboratoire de micro-irradiation, de métrologie et de dosimétrie neutrons (IRSN/PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LMDN), Service de dosimétrie (IRSN/PSE-SANTE/SDOS), Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Laboratoire d épidémiologie des rayonnements ionisants (IRSN/PSE-SANTE/SESANE/LEPID), Laboratoire d'écologie et d'écotoxicologie des radionucléides (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SERPEN/LECO), Service de Radioprotection des Populations et de l’Environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SERPEN), The Research Council of Norway (RCN) through its Centre for Excellence funding scheme (Project No. 223268 and projectNo. 268294‘MixRisk’) and NIVAS Computational ToxicologyProgram, NCTP (www.niva.no/nctp, RCN project No. 160016).1758T. JAYLET ET AL., and European Project: 900009,RadoNorm
Subjects: [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Adverse Outcome Pathways, brain, Risk Assessment, Machine Learning, Adverse outcome pathway, [SDV.BDD.EO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology/Embryology and Organogenesis, Animals, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], microcephaly, ionizing radiation, Referral and Consultation, AOP, development
Abstract: International audience; Background:Brain development during embryogenesis and in early postnatal life is particularlycomplex and involves the interplay of many cellular processes and molecular mechanisms, makingit extremely vulnerable to exogenous insults, including ionizing radiation (IR). Microcephaly is oneof the most frequent neurodevelopmental abnormalities that is characterized by small brain size,and is often associated with intellectual deficiency. Decades of research span from epidemiologicaldata onin uteroexposure of the A-bomb survivors, to studies on animal and cellular models thatallowed deciphering the most prominent molecular mechanisms leading to microcephaly. TheAdverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework is used to organize, evaluate and portray the scien-tific knowledge of toxicological effects spanning different biological levels of organizations, fromthe initial interaction with molecular targets to the occurrence of a disease or adversity. In the pre-sent study, the framework was used in an attempt to organize the current scientific knowledge onmicrocephaly progression in the context of ionizing radiation (IR) exposure. This work was per-formed by a group of experts formed during a recent workshop organized jointly by theMultidisciplinary European Low Dose Initiative (MELODI) and the European Radioecology Alliance(ALLIANCE) associations to present the AOP approach and tools. Here we report on the develop-ment of a putative AOP for congenital microcephaly resulting from IR exposure based on discus-sions of the working group and we emphasize the use of a novel machine-learning approach toassist in the screening of the available literature to develop AOPs.Conclusion:The expert consultation led to the identification of crucial biological events for theprogression of microcephaly upon exposure to IR, and highlighted current knowledge gaps. Themachine learning approach was successfully used to screen the existing knowledge and helped torapidly screen the body of evidence and in particular the epidemiological data. This systematicreview approach also ensured that the analysis was sufficiently comprehensive to identify themost relevant data and facilitate rapid and consistent AOP development. We anticipate that asmachine learning approaches become more user-friendly through easy-to-use web interface, thiswould allow AOP development to become more efficient and less time consuming
Published: 2022

35. Predicting field N2O emissions from crop residues based on their biochemical composition: A meta-analytical approach

Author: Diego Abalos, Tatiana F. Rittl, Sylvie Recous, Pascal Thiébeau, Cairistiona F.E. Topp, Kees Jan van Groenigen, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Rachel E. Thorman, Kate E. Smith, Ishita Ahuja, Jørgen E. Olesen, Marina A. Bleken, Robert M. Rees, Sissel Hansen, Department.of Agroecology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Norwegian Centre for Organic Agriculture (NORSOK), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Exeter University - Department of geography, University of Exeter, Institute of Meteoroly and Climate Research, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), ADAS, ADAS Boxworth, Cambridge UK, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), and Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)
Subjects: DECOMPOSITION, N2O emissions, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS, SEQUESTRATION, Air and water emissions, 01 natural sciences, Environmental Chemistry, FERTILIZER, AGRICULTURAL SOILS, PLANT, Waste Management and Disposal, METAANALYSIS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON, 2. Zero hunger, Cover crops, fungi, Biochemical composition, food and beverages, Crop maturity, DENITRIFICATION, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, equipment and supplies, Pollution, N O emissions, Production systems, FIBROUS FEEDS, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Plant species, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
Abstract: Crop residue incorporation is a common practice to increase or restore organic matter stocks in agricultural soils. However, this practice often increases emissions of the powerful greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Previous meta-analyses have linked various biochemical properties of crop residues to N2O emissions, but the relationships between these properties have been overlooked, hampering our ability to predict N2O emissions from specific residues. Here we combine comprehensive databases for N2O emissions from crop residues and crop residue biochemical characteristics with a random-meta-forest approach, to develop a predictive framework of crop residue effects on N2O emissions. On average, crop residue incorporation increased soil N2O emissions by 43% compared to residue removal, however crop residues led to both increases and reductions in N2O emissions. Crop residue effects on N2O emissions were best predicted by easily degradable fractions (i.e. water soluble carbon, soluble Van Soest fraction (NDS)), structural fractions and N returned with crop residues. The relationship between these biochemical properties and N2O emissions differed widely in terms of form and direction. However, due to the strong correlations among these properties, we were able to develop a simplified classification for crop residues based on the stage of physiological maturity of the plant at which the residue was generated. This maturity criteria provided the most robust and yet simple approach to categorize crop residues according to their potential to regulate N2O emissions. Immature residues (high water soluble carbon, soluble NDS and total N concentration, low relative cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin fractions, and low C:N ratio) strongly stimulated N2O emissions, whereas mature residues with opposite characteristics had marginal effects on N2O. The most important crop types belonging to the immature residue group – cover crops, grasslands and vegetables – are important for the delivery of multiple ecosystem services. Thus, these residues should be managed properly to avoid their potentially high N2O emissions.
Published: 2022

36. A European perspective on opportunities and demands for field-based crop phenotyping

Author: Juan Manuel Herrera, Alison R. Bentley, Emilie J. Millet, Peter Lootens, Merlijn Morisse, Michela Janni, Francesco Cellini, Onno Muller, Darren M. Wells, Morten Lillemo, Sven Fahrner, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Agenzia Lucana di Sviluppo e di Innovazione in Agricoltura (Alsia), Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Agroscope, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse [Palermo] (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo [Genova] (IMEM-CNR), the Foundation for Research Levy on Agricultural Products (FFL), the Agricultural Agreement Research Fund (JA) in Norway through NFR grant grants 267806 and 320090, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC 2070 – 390732324., European Project: 739514,EMPHASIS-PREP, European Project: 731013 ,EPPN2020(2017), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Phenotyping networks, IMPACT, Computer science, Soil Science, User requirements document, Wiskundige en Statistische Methoden - Biometris, 01 natural sciences, Field (computer science), Plant breeding, ISO-9000 CERTIFICATION, 03 medical and health sciences, Field based, PLANT, Mathematical and Statistical Methods - Biometris, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Food security, Perspective (graphical), Stakeholder, Biology and Life Sciences, 15. Life on land, Remote sensing, Plant phenotyping, Data science, [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, Software deployment, ddc:640, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The challenges of securing future food security will require deployment of innovative technologies to accelerate crop production. Plant phenotyping methods have advanced significantly, spanning low-cost hand-held devices to large-scale satellite imaging. Field-based phenotyping aims to capture plant response to the environment, generating data that can be used to inform breeding and selection requirements. This in turn requires access to multiple representative locations and capacities for collecting useful information. In this paper we identify the current challenges in access to field phenotyping in multiple locations in Europe based on stakeholder feedback. We present a map of current infrastructure and propose opportunities for greater integration of existing facilities for meeting different user requirements. We also review the currently available technology and data requirements for effective multi-location field phenotyping and provide recommendations for ensuring future access and coordination. Taken together we provide an overview of the current status of European field phenotyping capabilities and provides a roadmap for their future use to support crop improvement. This provides a wider framework for the analysis and planning of field phenotyping activities for crop improvement worldwide.
Published: 2022

37. Epidemiological profile of dengue in Champasak and Savannakhet provinces, Lao People's Democratic Republic, 2003-2020

Author: Zafar, Sumaira, Overgaard, Hans, Pongvongsa, Tiengkham, Vannavong, Nanthasane, Phommachanh, Sysavanh, Shipin, Oleg, Rocklöv, Joacim, Paul, Richard, Rahman, Md Siddikur, Mayxay, Mayfong, Asian Institute of Technology [Pathumthani] (AIT), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Khon Kaen University [Thailand] (KKU), Savannakhet Provincial Health Department [Lao People’s Democratic Republic], Savannakhet Province [Lao People’s Democratic Republic], Champasak Provincial Health Office [Pakse, Lao Democratic People’s Republic], University of Health Sciences [Vientiane, Laos] (UHS), Umeå University, Génétique fonctionnelle des maladies infectieuses - Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Begum Rokeya University [Rangpur, Bangladesh], Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Mahosot Hospital, University of Oxford, and This research was supported by the Research Council of Norway (DENCLIM project, grant number 281077).
Subjects: disease burden, seasonal variation, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Laos, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], epidemiology, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, epidemiologic surveillance, disease notification, dengue
Abstract: International audience; Dengue is a public health issue in tropical south-eastern Asia responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Information on dengue epidemiology is necessary for developing strategies to control infections effectively. In the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Champasak and Savannakhet provinces account for around 30% of the national dengue burden. In this study, the dengue epidemiological profile in these two southern provinces of Lao PDR was described by analysing seasonal and spatial dengue notification data from 2003–2020 using the long-term mean (LTM) method. Savannakhet had a higher LTM (132.0 cases/month, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 92.2–171.7) than Champasak (113.3 cases/month, 95% CI: 86.0–140.5), with peaks in dengue notifications following the rainy season in both provinces. The highest notification rates were observed in July to September; these months were also when the LTM was most frequently exceeded. Previously, dengue notifications were largely confined to the western districts of Savannakhet and the northern districts of Champasak, but more recently, notifications have increased in the eastern districts of Savannakhet and southern districts of Champasak. While the notification rate remained high in children and young adults (5–30 years), especially among students and farmers, a shift in the age structure of dengue cases was observed, with a greater proportion of notifications now occurring in those aged over 30 years. Community-based vector control and prevention programmes are needed to restrict the spread of dengue into new geographical areas in the southern provinces of Lao PDR.
Published: 2022

38. Short-term effects of macrophyte removal on aquatic biodiversity in rivers and lakes

Author: Benjamin Misteli, Alexandrine Pannard, Eirin Aasland, Sarah Faye Harpenslager, Samuel Motitsoe, Kirstine Thiemer, Stéphanie Llopis, Julie Coetzee, Sabine Hilt, Jan Köhler, Susanne C. Schneider, Christophe Piscart, Gabrielle Thiébaut, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, This work is part of the MadMacs (Mass development of aquatic macrophytes – causes and consequences of macrophyte removal for ecosystem structure, function, and services) project in the framework of the collaborative international consortium of the 2017 call of the Water Challenges for a Changing World Joint Programme Initiative (Water JPI). The MadMacs project is supported by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (N° ANR-18-IC4W-0004–06), the Research Council of Norway (297202/E10), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (02WGR005), the South African Water Research Commission (K5/2951), and the Fundação Araucária in Brazil (N° 186/2019). Additional funding was provided by Krypsiv på Sørlandet, NIVA and NMBU., and ANR-18-IC4W-0004,MadMacs,Mass development of aquatic macrophytes – causes and consequences of macrophyte removal for ecosystem structure, function, and services(2018)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, macroinvertebrates, Biodiversity, General Medicine, Plants, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Zooplankton, Lakes, Rivers, Phytoplankton, Animals, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Aquatic plants, Waste Management and Disposal, management, BACI, Ecosystem
Abstract: International audience; Mass development of macrophytes is an increasing problem in many aquatic systems worldwide. Dense mats of macrophytes can negatively affect activities like boating, fishing, or hydropower production and one of the management measures often applied is mechanical removal. In this study, we analyzed the effect of mechanical macrophyte removal on phytoplankton, zooplankton, and macroinvertebrate (pelagic and benthic samples) assemblages. Our study covered five sites in four countries in Europe and Africa with highly variable characteristics. In all sites, dense mats of different macrophyte species (Juncus bulbosus in a river in Norway; a mix of native macrophytes in a German river, Elodea nuttallii in a lake in Germany, Ludwigia spp. in a French lake and Pontederia crassipes in a South African lake) are problematic and mechanical removal was applied. In every country, we repeated the same BACI (Before-After-Control-Impact) design, including "before", "one week after", and "six weeks after" sampling in a control and an impact section. Repeating the same experimental design at all sites allowed us to disentangle common effects across all sites from site-specific effects. For each taxonomic group, we analyzed three structural and three functional parameters, which we combined in a scoring system. Overall, the removal of macrophytes negatively affected biodiversity, in particular, of zooplankton and macroinvertebrate assemblages. In contrast, plant removal had positive effects on the phytoplankton assemblages. Effects were more pronounced one week after removal than six weeks after. Consequently, we suggest a stronger consideration of the effect of plant removal on biodiversity to arrive at more sustainable management practices in the future.
Published: 2023

39. Unified Quantum Gravity Field Equation That Describe Everything from The Smallest to the Cosmological Scales of the Universe

Author: Haug, Espen Gaarder, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), and Haug, Espen Gaarder
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, [PHYS.GRQC] Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], quantum gravity, Friedmann equation, [PHYS.HIST]Physics [physics]/Physics archives, quantum mechanics, Haug universe equation, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], quantum gravity field equation, relativistic mass, [PHYS.QPHY] Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], [PHYS.HIST] Physics [physics]/Physics archives
Abstract: We introduce a new quantum gravity field equation that is derived from collision-space time. This field equation can be written on several di↵erent forms. Gravity at the deepest level is linked to change in gravitational energy over the Planck time. In our view this is again linked to the collision between two indivisible particles, and this collision last the Planck time. We also show how a new equation of the universe can be derived from the quantum gravity field equation. This equation gives a new explanation of cosmological red shift that do not seems to be related to expanding space or the big bang hypothesis. Also the 13.8 billion Hubble time do not at all seem to be related to the age of the universe, but to the collision time of the mass in the universe.
Published: 2021

40. Light-speed Acceleration Radius

Author: Haug, Espen Gaarder, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), and Haug, Espen Gaarder
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, maximum gravitational acceleration, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Haug radius, Schwarzschild Radius, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], radius, [PHYS] Physics [physics]
Abstract: Introduced and discussed is what is termed the light-speed acceleration radius. This is the radius of a spherical gravitational object at which an object (particle) at rest will accelerate to the speed of light in the Planck time. Because the Planck time is likely the shortest possible time interval and the speed of light is the maximum possible speed, this is the radius for the maximum gravitational field as measured by gravitational acceleration. This radius differs from the Schwarzschild radius except for so-called micro black holes.
Published: 2021

41. Conserved and breed-specific differences in the cervical transcriptome of sheep with divergent fertility at the follicular phase of a natural oestrus cycle

Author: Paul Cormican, Laura Abril-Parreño, Sean Fair, Kieran G. Meade, Anette Krogenæs, Xavier Druart, University of Limerick (UL), Teagasc - The Agriculture and Food Development Authority (Teagasc), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), and Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Male, medicine.medical_treatment, media_common.quotation_subject, RNA-sequencing, Fertility, Semen, Cervix Uteri, QH426-470, Biology, Cervix, Andrology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Follicular phase, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Insemination, Artificial, Sheep, Domestic, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Estrous cycle, 0303 health sciences, Sheep, Research, Artificial insemination, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, Sperm, Ovine, Breed, medicine.anatomical_structure, Follicular Phase, Female, Transcriptome, TP248.13-248.65, 030215 immunology, Biotechnology
Abstract: Background The outcome of cervical artificial insemination (AI) with frozen-thawed semen in sheep is limited by the inability of sperm to traverse the cervix of some ewe breeds. Previous research has demonstrated that cervical sperm transport is dependent on ewe breed, as sperm can traverse the cervix in greater numbers in some higher fertility ewe breeds. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ewe breed differences in sperm transport through the cervix remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to characterise the cervical transcriptome of four European ewe breeds with known differences in pregnancy rates following cervical AI using frozen-thawed semen at the follicular phase of a natural oestrous cycle. Cervical post mortem tissue samples were collected from two Irish ewe breeds (Belclare and Suffolk; medium and low fertility, respectively) and from two Norwegian ewe breeds (Norwegian White Sheep (NWS) and Fur; high fertility compared to both Irish breeds) at the follicular phase of a natural oestrous cycle (n = 8 to 10 ewes per breed). Results High-quality RNA extracted from biopsies of the mid-region of the cervix was analysed by RNA-sequencing and Gene Ontology (GO). After stringent filtering (P 1.5), a total of 11, 1539 and 748 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in Belclare, Fur and NWS compared to the low fertility Suffolk breed, respectively. Gene ontology analysis identified significantly enriched biological processes involved in muscle contraction, extracellular matrix (ECM) development and the immune response. Gene co-expression analysis revealed similar patterns in muscle contraction and ECM development modules in both Norwegian ewe breeds, which differed to the Irish ewe breeds. Conclusions These breed-specific biological processes may account for impaired cervical sperm transport through the cervix in sheep during the follicular phase of the reproductive cycle. This novel and comprehensive dataset provides a rich foundation for future targeted initiatives to improve cervical AI in sheep.
Published: 2021

42. Exploring protozoal function and their greater metabolic influence in the rumen microbiome using (meta)genome-resolved metaproteomics

Author: Thea Os, ANDERSEN, Popova, Milka, Hagen, Live Heldal, Arntzen, Magnus, Pope, Philippe B., Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Norwegian University of Sciences (Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway, INRAE, and Rowett Institute UK
Subjects: [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Session 3: New approaches to study the gut microbiome : Communication OL11, food and beverages
Abstract: International audience; The rumen constitutes a specialized ecosystem composed of a dense and complex mixture of anaerobic bacteria, archaea, protozoa, fungi and phages, that interact closely in the degradation and fermentation of complex plant material into volatile fatty acids (VFAs), utilized for host energy metabolism, and methane gas. The metabolic functions carried out by the rumen microbiome are of scientific and industrial interest, as it contributes to feed efficiency and production of an important human food source (meat and dairy), but additionally contributes significantly to global methane emissions. Therefore, extensive efforts are needed to mitigate enteric methane emissions from ruminant animals without compromising livestock production. While the protozoal populations in the rumen microbiome can comprise up to 50% of the microbial biomass, their biological and metabolic features remain largely unsettled. Advances in culture-independent “meta-omics” approaches continue to increase our understanding of microbiomes, and by integrating multiple culture-independent meta-omics techniques, we can obtain a detailed real-time and in situ molecular portrait of which organisms occupy specific metabolic niches. By resolving (meta)genome-centric metaproteome datasets from rumen fluid samples originating from dairy cows and goats fed diets supplemented with different lipid sources, we explore protozoal function in the rumen microbiome. We specifically leveraged these data to investigate their active metabolic genes and pathways that are responsible for polysaccharide digestion, generation of hydrogen and production of VFAs. Our results illustrate the significant metabolic influence these under-explored eukaryotic populations have in the rumen, towards both fiber and hydrogen metabolism.
Published: 2021

43. The Retreat of Mountain Glaciers since the Little Ice Age: A Spatially Explicit Database

Author: Marta, Silvio, Azzoni, Roberto, Fugazza, Davide, Tielidze, Levan, Chand, Pritam, Sieron, Katrin, Almond, Peter, Ambrosini, Roberto, Anthelme, Fabien, Alviz Gazitúa, Pablo, Bhambri, Rakesh, Bonin, Aurélie, Caccianiga, Marco, Cauvy-Fraunié, Sophie, Ceballos Lievano, Jorge, Clague, John, Cochachín Rapre, Justiniano, Dangles, Olivier, Deline, Philip, Eger, Andre, Cruz Encarnación, Rolando, Erokhin, Sergey, Franzetti, Andrea, Gielly, Ludovic, Gili, Fabrizio, Gobbi, Mauro, Guerrieri, Alessia, Hågvar, Sigmund, Khedim, Norine, Kinyanjui, Rahab, Messager, Erwan, Morales-Martínez, Marco, Peyre, Gwendolyn, Pittino, Francesca, Poulenard, Jerome, Seppi, Roberto, Chand Sharma, Milap, Urseitova, Nurai, Weissling, Blake, Yang, Yan, Zaginaev, Vitalii, Zimmer, Anaïs, Diolaiuti, Guglielmina, Rabatel, Antoine, Ficetola, Gentile, Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Victoria University of Wellington, University of Central Punjab, Universidad Veracruzana, Lincoln University, New Zealand, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidad de los Lagos (Chile), Heidelberg University, Riverly (Riverly), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), University of Pavia, National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Marta, S, Azzoni, R, Fugazza, D, Tielidze, L, Chand, P, Sieron, K, Almond, P, Ambrosini, R, Anthelme, F, Alviz Gazitua, P, Bhambri, R, Bonin, A, Caccianiga, M, Cauvy-Fraunie, S, Lievano, J, Clague, J, Rapre, J, Dangles, O, Deline, P, Eger, A, Encarnacion, R, Erokhin, S, Franzetti, A, Gielly, L, Gili, F, Gobbi, M, Guerrieri, A, Hagvar, S, Khedim, N, Kinyanjui, R, Messager, E, Morales-Martinez, M, Peyre, G, Pittino, F, Poulenard, J, Seppi, R, Sharma, M, Urseitova, N, Weissling, B, Yang, Y, Zaginaev, V, Zimmer, A, Diolaiuti, G, Rabatel, A, Ficetola, G, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes (RiverLy), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )
Subjects: climate change, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, global scale, little ice age, pre-satellite era, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Glacier retreat, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, glacier retreat, Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
Abstract: International audience; Most of the world’s mountain glaciers have been retreating for more than a century in response to climate change. Glacier retreat is evident on all continents, and the rate of retreat has accelerated during recent decades. Accurate, spatially explicit information on the position of glacier margins over time is useful for analyzing patterns of glacier retreat and measuring reductions in glacier surface area. This information is also essential for evaluating how mountain ecosystems are evolving due to climate warming and the attendant glacier retreat. Here, we present a non-comprehensive spatially explicit dataset showing multiple positions of glacier fronts since the Little Ice Age (LIA) maxima, including many data from the pre-satellite era. The dataset is based on multiple historical archival records including topographical maps; repeated photographs, paintings, and aerial or satellite images with a supplement of geochronology; and own field data. We provide ESRI shapefiles showing 728 past positions of 94 glacier fronts from all continents, except Antarctica, covering the period between the Little Ice Age maxima and the present. On average, the time series span the past 190 years. From 2 to 46 past positions per glacier are depicted (on average: 7.8)
Published: 2021

44. The mysterious white deer: anomalous coloring in different Neotropical deer

Author: Torbjørn Haugaasen, Frederico Gemesio Lemos, Wagner Rafael Lacerda, Giulius Cesare Magina, Fernanda Cavalcanti de Azevedo, Michelle Granato Guastalla, Carlos A. Peres, Clarice Augusta Carvalho Cardoso, Daniel Gomes da Rocha, Whaldener Endo, Alexandre Vogliotti, Instituto Federal Goiano-IFG, Universidade Federal de Catalão-UFCAT, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana-UNILA, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Muriqui Instituto de Biodiversidade, Technical Director at Ecologic-Centro de Avaliações e Perícias Ambientais, FURNAS Centrais Elétricas S.A., Biodiversity Research Centre-Universidade Federal de Roraima-CBio-UFRR, University of East Anglia-UEA, Norwegian University of Life Sciences-NMBU, University of California, and Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá
Subjects: Endogamy, Amazon rainforest, Melanism, Piebaldism, Wildlife, Zoology, Rainforest, Biology, medicine.disease, Animal ecology, Leucism, Mazama, Albinism, medicine, Animal Science and Zoology, Cetartiodactyla, Genetic disorders, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:41:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-10-01 Animal coloring serves several functions, including camouflage and thermoregulation. However, some individuals have anomalous coloring patterns due to excess (melanism) or deficiency (albinism, leucism, or piebaldism) in melanin production. Although these anomalies occur in several species, there are few cited cases. Here, we report the occurrence of color anomalies in three Neotropical deer species. Data were obtained from wildlife inventories, through direct observation, camera-traps, and/or deer carcasses, between 2011 and 2020, in three biomes—the Brazilian Savanna (Cerrado), and the Atlantic and Amazon Rain Forests. We registered 10 individuals with anomalous coloring from Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Amazonas and Rondônia states; seven Mazama gouazoubira (six piebalds and one leucistic), two piebald M. americana, and one piebald M. nemorivaga. Of the registered individuals, five were males, two females, and three of undetermined sex. To our knowledge, this is the largest set of anomalous coloring data for Neotropical deer. Even with the increasing reports of anomalous coloring, little is known about the factors that may cause this and how it influences the survival of individuals and consequently wild populations. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação dos Recursos Naturais do Cerrado Instituto Federal Goiano-IFG Programa de Conservação Mamíferos do Cerrado-PCMC Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Catalão-UFCAT, Campus II/sala 06, Rua Terezinha Margon Vaz, s/n-Residencial Barka II Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana-UNILA Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE)/São Paulo State University Muriqui Instituto de Biodiversidade Technical Director at Ecologic-Centro de Avaliações e Perícias Ambientais FURNAS Centrais Elétricas S.A. Biodiversity Research Centre-Universidade Federal de Roraima-CBio-UFRR University of East Anglia-UEA Norwegian University of Life Sciences-NMBU Department of Wildlife Fish and Conservation Biology Graduate Group in Ecology University of California Grupo de Ecologia e Conservação de Felinos na Amazônia Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE)/São Paulo State University
Published: 2021

45. The Return of Absolute Simultaneity and its Relationship to Einstein's Relativity of Simultaneity

Author: Haug, Espen Gaarder, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), and Haug, Espen Gaarder
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [PHYS] Physics [physics]
Abstract: In this paper we show how Einstein's relativity of simultaneity is fully consistent with anisotropic one-way speed of light. We get the same end result and observations as predicted by Einstein, but with a very diferent interpretation. We show that the relativity of simultaneity is an apparent e↵ect due to an Einstein clock synchronization error, which is rooted in assuming that the one-way speed of light is the same as the well-tested round-trip speed of light. Einstein's relativity of simultaneity leads to several bizarre paradoxes recently introduced by Haug (2016a,b). Still, relativity of simultaneity is indeed what one will observe with Einstein synchronized clocks, while absolute simultaneity is the deeper reality that can be observed when synchronizing clocks in a way that avoids the Einstein error. Relativity of simultaneity and absolute simultaneity exist at the same time.
Published: 2021

46. A Pulmonary Lactobacillus murinus Strain Induces Th17 and RORγt + Regulatory T Cells and Reduces Lung Inflammation in Tuberculosis

Author: Bernard-Raichon, Lucie, Colom, André, Monard, Sarah, Namouchi, Amine, Cescato, Margaux, Garnier, Hugo, Leon-Icaza, Stephen, Métais, Arnaud, Dumas, Alexia, Corral, Dan, Ghebrendrias, Natsinet, Guilloton, Pauline, Vérollet, Christel, Hudrisier, Denis, Remot, Aude, Langella, Philippe, Thomas, Muriel, Cougoule, Céline, Neyrolles, Olivier, Lugo-Villarino, Geanncarlo, Marín Franco, José Luis, Genoula, Melanie, Duette, Gabriel, Ferreyra, Malena, Maio, Mariano, Dolotowicz, María Belén, Aparicio-Trejo, Omar Emiliano, Patiño-Martínez, Eduardo, Charton, Alison, Fuentes, Federico, Soldan, Vanessa, Moraña, Eduardo José, Palmero, Domingo, Ostrowski, Matías, Schierloh, Pablo, Sánchez-Torres, Carmen, Hernández-Pando, Rogelio, Pedraza-Chaverri, José, Rombouts, Yoann, Layre, Emilie, Maridonneau-Parini, Isabelle, Sasiain, María del Carmen, Balboa, Luciana, Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CNRS, Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (DEQ2016 0334894, FDT201805005210), Fondation Bettencourt Schueller, ANR-15-CE15-0012,MMI-TB,Rôle du microbiome dans la réponse des macrophages à Mycobacterium tuberculosis: un programme de recherche intégrant le microbiote, le métabolisme et l'immunité(2015), ANR-18-CE15-0004,GENDER-TB,Bases immunologiques de la susceptibilité différentielle des genres à la tuberculose(2018), and European Project: 267196,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2010-COFUND,AGREENSKILLS(2012)
Subjects: Tuberculosis, Regulatory T cell, T cell, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Inflammation, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunity, RAR-related orphan receptor gamma, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Lung, biology, business.industry, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine.symptom, business, 030215 immunology
Abstract: The lungs harbor multiple resident microbial communities, otherwise known as the microbiota. There is an emerging interest in deciphering whether the pulmonary microbiota modulate local immunity, and whether this knowledge could shed light on mechanisms operating in the response to respiratory pathogens. In this study, we investigate the capacity of a pulmonary Lactobacillus strain to modulate the lung T cell compartment and assess its prophylactic potential upon infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis. In naive mice, we report that a Lactobacillus murinus (Lagilactobacillus murinus) strain (CNCM I-5314) increases the presence of lung Th17 cells and of a regulatory T cell (Treg) subset known as RORγt+ Tregs. In particular, intranasal but not intragastric administration of CNCM I-5314 increases the expansion of these lung leukocytes, suggesting a local rather than systemic effect. Resident Th17 and RORγt+ Tregs display an immunosuppressive phenotype that is accentuated by CNCM I-5314. Despite the well-known ability of M. tuberculosis to modulate lung immunity, the immunomodulatory effect by CNCM I-5314 is dominant, as Th17 and RORγt+ Tregs are still highly increased in the lung at 42-d postinfection. Importantly, CNCM I-5314 administration in M. tuberculosis–infected mice results in reduction of pulmonary inflammation, without increasing M. tuberculosis burden. Collectively, our findings provide evidence for an immunomodulatory capacity of CNCM I-5314 at steady state and in a model of chronic inflammation in which it can display a protective role, suggesting that L. murinus strains found in the lung may shape local T cells in mice and, perhaps, in humans.
Published: 2021

47. Deriving the Maximum Velocity of Matter from the Planck Length Limit on Length Contraction

Author: Haug, Espen Gaarder, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), and Haug, Espen Gaarder
Subjects: Compton wavelength, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], [PHYS.HIST]Physics [physics]/Physics archives, Maximum speed, [PHYS.QPHY] Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Planck length, [PHYS] Physics [physics], [PHYS.HIST] Physics [physics]/Physics archives
Abstract: Here we will assume that there is a Planck length [1] limit on the maximum length contraction that is related to the reduced Compton wavelength. Our focus will be on the maximum velocity of subatomic particles, which of a moving particle as measured from the laboratory frame (“rest” frame) cannot be shorter than the Planck length as measured with Einstein-Poincare synchronized clocks.
Published: 2021

48. The Fish Pathogen Aliivibrio salmonicida LFI1238 Can Degrade and Metabolize Chitin despite Gene Disruption in the Chitinolytic Pathway

Author: Sophanit Mekasha, Anna Skåne, Geir Mathiesen, Gustav Vaaje-Kolstad, Jennifer S. M. Loose, Magnus Ø. Arntzen, Bastien Bissaro, Giusi Minniti, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), European Project: 249865,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG,PLANTPEPTIDOMICS(2010), and European Project: 267196,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2010-COFUND,AGREENSKILLS(2012)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Chitin, Polysaccharide, Disaccharides, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Aliivibrio salmonicida, Microbiology, Acetylglucosamine, Mixed Function Oxygenases, chitinaselytic polysaccharide monooxygenase, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Aliivibrio, Animals, Enzymology and Protein Engineering, Pathogen, Glycoside hydrolase family 18, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, biology, Chitinases, Fishes, biology.organism_classification, PMO, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Vibrio, carbohydrates (lipids), chemistry, Chitinase, biology.protein, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Bacteria, Food Science, Biotechnology, Signal Transduction, pathogen
Abstract: The fish pathogen Aliivibrio (Vibrio) salmonicida LFI1238 is thought to be incapable of utilizing chitin as a nutrient source, since approximately half of the genes representing the chitinolytic pathway are disrupted by insertion sequences. In the present study, we combined a broad set of analytical methods to investigate this hypothesis. Cultivation studies revealed that A. salmonicida grew efficiently on N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and chitobiose [(GlcNAc)(2)], the primary soluble products resulting from enzymatic chitin hydrolysis. The bacterium was also able to grow on chitin particles, albeit at a lower rate than on the soluble substrates. The genome of the bacterium contains five disrupted chitinase genes (pseudogenes) and three intact genes encoding a glycoside hydrolase family 18 (GH18) chitinase and two auxiliary activity family 10 (AA10) lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs). Biochemical characterization showed that the chitinase and LPMOs were able to depolymerize both α- and β-chitin to (GlcNAc)(2) and oxidized chitooligosaccharides, respectively. Notably, the chitinase displayed up to 50-fold lower activity than other well-studied chitinases. Deletion of the genes encoding the intact chitinolytic enzymes showed that the chitinase was important for growth on β-chitin, whereas the LPMO gene deletion variants only showed minor growth defects on this substrate. Finally, proteomic analysis of A. salmonicida LFI1238 growth on β-chitin showed expression of all three chitinolytic enzymes and, intriguingly, also three of the disrupted chitinases. In conclusion, our results show that A. salmonicida LFI1238 can utilize chitin as a nutrient source and that the GH18 chitinase and the two LPMOs are needed for this ability. IMPORTANCE The ability to utilize chitin as a source of nutrients is important for the survival and spread of marine microbial pathogens in the environment. One such pathogen is Aliivibrio (Vibrio) salmonicida, the causative agent of cold water vibriosis. Due to extensive gene decay, many key enzymes in the chitinolytic pathway have been disrupted, putatively rendering this bacterium incapable of chitin degradation and utilization. In the present study, we demonstrate that A. salmonicida can degrade and metabolize chitin, the most abundant biopolymer in the ocean. Our findings shed new light on the environmental adaption of this fish pathogen.
Published: 2021

49. Wormholes Do Not Exist, They are Mathematical Artifacts from an Incomplete Gravitational Theory (?)

Author: Haug, Espen Gaarder and Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, wormholes, general relativity, quantum gravity, collision space-time, quantum gravity, [PHYS.HIST]Physics [physics]/Physics archives, general relativity, collision space-time, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], wormholes
Abstract: The Schwarzschild solution to the Einstein field equation leads to a solution that has been interpreted as wormholes. While many researchers have been sceptical about this interpretation, others have been positive about it. We show that wormholes are not mathematically allowed in the spherical metric of a newly-released unified quantum gravity theory known as collision space-time [1] [2] [3]. We, therefore, have reasons to believe that wormholes in general relativity theory are nothing more than a mathematical artefact due to an incomplete theory, but we are naturally open to discussions about this point. The premise that wormholes likely do not exist falls nicely into line with a series of other intuitive predictions from collision space-time where general relativity theory falls short, such as matching the full spectrum of the Planck scale for micro “black holes”. Wormholes Do Not Exist: They Are Mathematical Artifacts from an Incomplete Gravitational Theory
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

50. A Maximum Limit on Proper Velocity

Author: Haug, Espen Gaarder, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), and Haug, Espen Gaarder
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Proper velocity, maximum momentum per unit of rest mass, celerity, [PHYS.QPHY] Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], [PHYS] Physics [physics]
Abstract: Here we examine maximum proper velocity (sometimes referred to as celerity), based on the recently suggested maximum velocity for anything with rest mass, as given by Haug. Proper velocity, W = v p 1 v 2 /c 2 , is a quantity that has been suggested for use in a series of calculations in relativity theory. Current standard theory imposes no limit on how close to infinity the proper velocity for an object with mass can be. Under our extended theory, by contrast, there is a strict upper limit on the proper velocity for anything with rest mass, which again is directly related to our newly suggested maximum velocity for anything with rest mass.
Published: 2021

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Region

Database

Publisher

1,068 results on '"Norwegian University of Life Sciences ( NMBU )"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources