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Background: Oxidative damage is of great importance for patients with breast cancer. Thus, studies were performed to identify the relationship between breast cancer and oxidative stress biomarkers.

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Background The aim of the present study was to assess thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH) parameters and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels in children with Wilson Disease (WD) and to compare them to healthy controls. Methods: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, fifteen children with WD and twenty-nine healthy children were enrolled, and serum thiol/disulfide and IMA levels were compared between groups. Results: The mean values of native and total thiols were significantly lower in the WD group than in the control group. The mean value of disulfide was significantly higher in the WD group than in the control group. The mean percentages of disulfide/total thiol and native thiol/total thiol were higher in the WD group than in the control group. The IMA value was also higher in the WD group than in the control group. Conclusion: The present study demonstrating altered thiol/disulfide parameters indicates increased oxidative stress in children with WD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Vitamin A and its derivatives, are involved in several important cellular processes. They have anti‐oxidative properties and the ability to regulate gene expression. Vitamin E occurs naturally in the diet. It has several biological activities, including functioning as an antioxidant to scavenge toxic free radicals. In this project we aimed to invastigate the avarage levels of vitamin A and vitamin E in the patients admitted to our hospital. Material and Methods: Between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2016, patients who had both vitamin A, vitamin E parameters were screened retrospectively for patients who were admitted to Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital. IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 statistical program was used for the analysis. Results: The mean value of vitamin A is 708.27 mg/L and the mean value of Vitamin E is 11.89 mg/L. We also found a positive correlation between Vitamin A levels and Vitamin E levels (r = 0.114 , p = 0.045 ) Discussion: Vitamin E defincy effects on cell growth. Vitamin E modulates the activity of several signal transduction enzymes with consequent alterations of gene expression. Vitamin A effects on gene expression. They are both strong antioxidants and so important for human metabolism. In this study we also found a positive correlation between these parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Aging is a basic biological process. There are numerous irreversible changes in metabolism in the aging process. One of the most important of these is the accumulation of damage products caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed during metabolism. Oxidative stress occurs when the balance between antioxidants and ROS are disrupted. The human body contains various antioxidants, such as thiol, which serve to balance the effects of oxidants. Thiols are a class of organic compound that contain sulfhydryl (‐SH) group formed by combination of a hydrogen and a sulfur atom with a carbon atom. In this study, the effect of aging on thiol exchange was studied. Material and Method: The patients' thiol levels were screened retrospectively between for the last 4 months in laboratuary information system of Ataturk Training and Research Hospital. A total of 2568 patients were included in this study. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to their age. (Grup1: 1‐25, grup 2: 26‐50, grup 3: 51‐75, grup 4:76‐100). IBM SPSS 23.0 Statistical Program was used for the analysis. Results: The results showed a statistically significant difference between thiol levels and aging period in all grups (p <0.0001). Discussion: In recent years, research on aging has focused more on oxidative stress and has been suggested to play an important role in the aging process. In our study, the reduction of antioxidant capacity with aging was shown by the increase in age and the decrease in the amount of serum thiol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Oxidative stres is caused by an imbalance between production and detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are able to oxidize all macromolecular constituents of cells such as phospho‐lipids of membranes, proteins and DNA. Acidosis resulted from increased carbon dioxide (CO2) levels can cause production of ROS. Thiols contain sulfhydryl group (-SH) that plays an essential role against ROS at biological pathways. They are important to antioxidant cascade. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between thiol and CO2 levels. Material and Method: The CO2 and thiol levels were screened for the last 5 months period as retrospectively in laboratuary data system of Ataturk Training and Research Hospital. 172 patients were included in this study. The datas were analyzed in IBM SPSS 23.0 version. Results: Mean values of CO2 and thiols are 43.38 mmHg and 258.35 μmol/L. The results showed a significant negative correlation (r =‐0.266, p <0.0001) between thiol and CO2 level. Dıscussıon: The low pH values caused by the increase in CO2 affect the viability of cells and antioxidant enzyme activities. In our study, it was observed that thiol groups, which are part of the antioxidant system, decrease with increasing CO2 values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Gestational diabetes (GDM) is known as pregnancy diabetes. A twostage test is used in our hospital for the investigation of GDM. The first step is a 50 g glucose screening test. If serum glucose level is ≥140 mg/dl after 1 hour, we doubt diabetes. And the second step, 100 g glucose scan test. In this study, we were aimed to investigate that, what kind of changes might occur if the threshold value of 140 mg/dl is taken to 130 mg/dl in the GDM screening test performed in our hospital. Material and Methods: Patients screened for GDM between 01.01.2016 and 31.12.2016 were screened from the laboratory information system. GDM results of 784 patients were recorded. The mean age of the patients was 29.47(age; 17‐45). Results: 136 results were ≥140 mg/dl and in these patients the second stage was passed. 218 results ≥130 mg/dl and 82 results were found to be 130‐140 mg/dl. Discussion: If the limit was accepted as 140 mg/dl at first stage, 17.35% of the patients were found to be at risk. If the limit was accepted as 130 mg/dl, 27.80% of the pregnancies would be at risk. There is a high difference between the two limits. This may cause some GDM patients to be skipped. Therefore, lowering the limit to 130 mg/dL can be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Copper is essential for living organisms, in many metabolic enzymes it acts as a cofactor. Cancer progression is associated with increased cellular copper concentrations. Carbohydrate antigen 72‐4 is a serum marker and it is used for diagnosis and management of patients with gastric, overian and colorectal cancer. In this study we just aim to investagate the association between copper and Carbohydrate antigen 72‐4 in all kind of aplicants. Material and Methods: Between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2016, patients who had both copper and Carbohydrate antigen 72‐4 parameters were screened retrospectively. These were the patients who were admitted to Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital. IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 statistical program was used ort he analysis. Results: A statistically correlation wasn't observed between Carbohydrate antigen 72‐4 levels and copper levels. (r = 0.10, p = 0.907) Discussion: In some studies it was showed that cancer cells have increased copper levels. Carbohydrate antigen 72‐4 also increases in some kind of cancer disease so in this study we were expecting a positive correlation between these two groups. We think more studies must bu done about this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: High Density Lipipoprotein particles have an important role of antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic processes. Thiols are composed of a hydrogen and sulphur atom connected to a carbon atom. They play role for protecting tissues from reactive oxygen radicals. In this study we aim to invastigate the association between HDL and Thiol Homeostasis. Material and Methods: Between February 1, 2017 and April 5, 2017, patients who had both serum High Density Lipipoprotein and native thiol parameters were screened retrospectively for patients who were admitted to Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital. IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 statistical program was used for the analysis. Results: In our study a positive correlation was observed between native thiol levels and High Density Lipipoprotein levels. (r = 0.273, p < 0.0001) Discussion: As expected the positive correlation occurred between serum High Density Lipipoprotein levels and native thiol levels. Oxidized low density lipoprotein increases in cardiovascular diseases. High density lipoprotein can protect low density lipoprotein from oxidation. Apoptosis triggered in foam cells. High Density Lipipoprotein also inhibits this mechanism by its antioxidant activity. Thiols have protective mechanisms against oxidative cell damage. Thiols (RSH) can undergo oxidation reaction via oxidants. As both thiols and High Density Lipipoprotein have antioxidant activity a significant positive correlation occurred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cortisol is an important glucocorticoid hormone. It effects activity of antioxidant enzymes so it is thought to be associated with oxidative stress. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are formed during a variety of biological processes for all cells. Thiols contain a sulfhydryl group (‐SH) that plays an essential role against ROS, and they are important for the antioxidant cascade. In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between thiol levels and cortisol levels. Material and method: The patients' cortisol and native thiol levels were screened retrospectively between January 2017 and March 2017 in laboratuary information system of Ataturk Training and Research Hospital. A total of 59 patients were included in this study. All data were analyzed in SPSS 23.0 version. Results: Mean values of cortisol and thiols are 13.72 μg/dL and 285.1 μmol/L. The results showed a significant negative correlation (r= ‐ 0.465, p <0.0001) between thiol and cortisol level. Discussion: There are numerous known interactions between the endocrine system and metabolism. The present studies showed that cortisol increases in response to an acutely stressful event have the potential oxidative damage. Thiol groups are located on the antioxidant balance side in the defense mechanism of the body against this damage. As expected, there is a negative relationship between thiol and cortisol that is known as the stress hormone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Copper is essential for living organisms, in many metabolic enzymes it acts as a cofactor. Cancer progression is associated with increased cellular copper concentrations. Carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 is a serum marker and it is used for diagnosis and management of patients with pancreatic cancer. In this study we just aim to investagate the association between copper and Carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 in all kind of aplicants. Material and Methods: Between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2016, patients who had both copper and Carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 parameters were screened retrospectively. These were the patients who were admitted to Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital. IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 statistical program was used for the analysis. Results: A statistically correlation wasn't observed between copper levels and Carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 levels. (p = 0.544, r = ‐ 0.60) Discussion: In some studies it was showed that cancer cells have increased copper levels. Carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 also increases in some kind of cancer disease so in this study we were expecting a positive correlation between these two groups. We did not observe a positve corelation. We belive more studies must bu done about this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To histopathologically and biochemically evaluate the hypothesis that tadalafil increases the uptake of a second medication into the prostate tissue by increasing the blood supply in the prostate. Methods: Forty 12-week-old Sprague Dawley male rats were equally divided into 5 groups and were administered drugs orally as follows: Group 1 - no drugs, Group 2 - 10 days of finasteride, Group 3 - 10 days of finasteride + tadalafil, Group 4 - 30 days of finasteride, and Group 5 - 30 days of finasteride + tadalafil. At the end of 10 days of drug administration in Group1, 2, and 3, and at the end of 30 days of drug administration in Group 4 and 5, blood samples were collected from rats and analyzed for serum androgen levels. In addition, prostate tissues were removed for histological examination. Results: The mean DHT level as well as the minimum and maximum epithelial thicknesses in Group 3 were lower than those in Group 2. However, there was no statistical significant difference (P = 0.989, P = 0.176, and P = 0.070, respectively). The mean DHT level as well as the minimum and maximum epithelial thicknesses in Group 5 were lower than those in Group 4. However, there was no statistical significant difference (P = 0.984, P = 0.147, and P = 0.478, respectively). The mean minimum and maximum epithelial thicknesses in Group 3 and Group 4 were not statistically different (P = 0.488 and P = 0.996, respectively). Conclusion: The similarity of the mean minimum and maximum epithelial thickness in Group 3 and Group 4 may be indicate that the combination therapy provides an early histological effect. However, the fact that there was no statistical significant difference between Group 2 and Group 3, and between Group 4 and Group 5, in terms of the mean DHT level and minimum-maximum epithelial thicknesses suggests that longer term studies with more rats are necessary to test the validity of our hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Nesfatin-1 is a novel anorectic neuropeptide with potent metabolic regulatory effects. It regulates blood pressure, heart rate, cardiomyocyte metabolism and permeability. SYNTAX score, which is an angiographic scoring system, defines the grade and complexity of coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to evaluate the relationship between nesfatin-1 level and severity of CAD according to the SYNTAX score in patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)., Methods: A total of 109 subjects were enrolled into the study, of whom 80 underwent coronary angiography (CA) with the diagnosis of NSTEMI and 29 had normal coronary arteries detected in CA. NSTEMI patients were divided into 2 groups: low SYNTAX score (< 32) (45 patients) and high SYNTAX score (≥ 32) (35 patients)., Results: The NSTEMI patients with a high SYNTAX score (score ≥ 32) had a lower serum nesfatin-1 level (62 pg/ml; 39-98) compared to the NSTEMI patients with a low SYNTAX score (score < 32) (138 pg/ml; 65-286) and the control group (392 pg/ml; 178-1320). There was also a negative correlation between serum nesfatin-1 level and SYNTAX score (r = -0.594, p < 0.001). A lower serum level of nesfatin-1 (odds ratio = 0.116; 95% confidence interval: 0.138- 0.094; p < 0.001) was an independent predictor for high SYNTAX score in the NSTEMI patients after multiple linear regression analysis., Conclusions: Serum nesfatin-1 level was lower in the high SYNTAX group than in the low SYNTAX group in patients with NSTEMI. Nesfatin-1could have a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic burden in patients with NSTEMI.