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Objective: To analyze the evidence available in the literature on the use of essential oils for healing and/or preventing infection in surgical wounds. Method: Systematic review according to the JBI model and PRISMA statement. The search was carried out in November/2020 and updated in December/2021, using descriptors and keywords, in the CINAHL, LILACS, CENTRAL, EMBASE, PUBMED, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal tool for randomized controlled trials. Results: Five publications were included. Three studies evaluated healing and the presence of infection after episiotomy using the Redness-Edema-Ecchymosis-Discharge-Approximation (REEDA) scale; one study evaluated healing after periodontal surgery using the plaque index and Modified Gingival Index; the other four studies considered the presence of infection after episiotomy. Most studies used lavender oil, associated or not with other oils (80%). Two studies showed an improvement in healing. The infection outcome, although mentioned by 60% of studies, was not assessed as a primary outcome. Conclusion: The promising efficacy of essential oils, especially lavender, was verified in the healing of surgical wounds, especially in episiotomies. RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia en la literatura sobre el uso de aceites esenciales para la cicatrización y/o prevención de infecciones en heridas quirúrgicas. Método: Revisión sistemática de acuerdo con el modelo JBI y el PRISMA. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos CINAHL, LILACS, CENTRAL, EMBASE, PUBMED, Scopus y Web of Science, en el periodo de noviembre/2020, con actualizaciones en diciembre/2021, utilizando descriptores y palabras clave. La calidad de la evidencia se evaluó por la herramienta JBI critical appraisal para ensayos controlados aleatorizados. Resultados: Se incluyeron cinco publicaciones. Tres estudios evaluaron la curación y la presencia de infección tras episiotomía mediante la escala REEDA (Redness-Edema-Ecchimosis-Discharge-Approximation); uno evaluó la curación después de cirugía periodontal utilizando el índice de placa y el índice gingival modificado; y los demás consideraron la presencia de infección posterior a la episiotomía. La mayoría de los estudios utilizaron aceite de lavanda, asociado a otros aceites o no (80%). Dos estudios demostraron mejorar la cicatrización. El resultado infección, aunque mencionado por el 60% de los estudios, no se evaluó como resultado primario. Conclusión: Se verificó la prometedora eficacia de los aceites esenciales, especialmente el de lavanda, en la cicatrización de heridas quirúrgicas, especialmente en episiotomías. RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre o uso de óleos essenciais para a cicatrização e/ou prevenção de infecção em feridas cirúrgicas. Método: Revisão sistemática segundo modelo JBI e declaração PRISMA. Busca realizada em novembro/2020 e atualizada em dezembro/2021, utilizando-se descritores e palavras-chave, nas bases CINAHL, LILACS, CENTRAL, EMBASE, PUBMED, Scopus e Web of Science. A qualidade das evidências foi avaliada usando a ferramenta JBI critical appraisal para ensaios clínicos randomizados. Resultados: Cinco publicações foram incluídas. Três estudos avaliaram a cicatrização e presença de infecção após episiotomia por meio da escala REEDA (Redness-Edema-Ecchymosis-Discharge-Approximation); um avaliou cicatrização após cirurgia periodontal por meio do índice de placa e Índice Gengival Modificado; o restante considerou a presença de infecção após episiotomia. A maioria dos estudos utilizou o óleo de lavanda, associado ou não a outros óleos (80%). Em dois estudos houve melhora da cicatrização. O desfecho infecção, embora mencionado por 60% estudos, não foi avaliado como primário. Conclusão: Verificou-se a eficácia promissora de óleos essenciais, sobretudo do de lavanda, na cicatrização de feridas cirúrgicas, especialmente em episiotomias.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:40:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 This study aimed to compare the microbiological potential and gustatory perception of essential oils (EO) mouthrinses containing and not containing alcohol. Methods: Twenty healthy adult volunteers rinsed with 10mL of the following test solutions: EO with alcohol, EO without alcohol, or a control solution (saline solution with mint essence). A washout period of at least seven days was adopted after a single-use protocol of the respective solution. All participants used all three tested substances. Antimicrobial potential was assessed by counting salivary total viable bacteria both before and after each rinse. Gustatory perception was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Multiple comparisons were performed with the Wilcoxon test, using Bonferroni correction. Results: Both EO solutions presented a higher antimicrobial potential in comparison to the control solution (p

Submitted by Raquel Souza Marques (raquel1995.marques@hotmail.com) on 2020-03-24T16:53:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO REPOSITÓRIO ANA 24.03.docx: 7604098 bytes, checksum: f6febf13648eae0f24800da6a5d29a3b (MD5) Rejected by Marley Cristina Chiusoli Montagnoli (marley@foar.unesp.br), reason: Antes de submeter novamente faça as seguintes correções: a) Os números de páginas das Seções indicadas no Sumário não correspondem com as páginas que estão no texto b) Está faltando iincluir no Sumário as seções 3.3.2.1, 3.3.2.2, 4.6.2.1, 4.6.2.2 e Referência on 2020-03-26T02:43:49Z (GMT) Submitted by Raquel Souza Marques (raquel1995.marques@hotmail.com) on 2020-03-26T20:25:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO REPOSITÓRIO ANA 24.03.docx: 7604098 bytes, checksum: f6febf13648eae0f24800da6a5d29a3b (MD5) Rejected by Marley Cristina Chiusoli Montagnoli (marley@foar.unesp.br), reason: Antes de submeter novamente faça as seguintes correções que já foram solicitadas na rejeição anterior: a) TODAS as seções e subseções devem constar do SUMÁRIO, no seu sumário está faltando itens 3.3.2.1 , 3.3.2.2, 4.6.2.1, 4.6.2.2 e Referências. 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No. of bitstreams: 1 marques_rs_me_arafor.par.pdf: 757536 bytes, checksum: 905e58dfda042b6331fbc74eb12ab8fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-03-05 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) A clorexidina destaca-se por sua eficácia no combate à diversos micro-organismos de interesse cariogênico. No entanto, sua forma de utilização mais conhecida é o enxaguatório bucal, que não possui aplicação universal para pacientes com necessidades especiais. Desse modo, um desafio para a indústria farmacêutica é o desenvolvimento de um sistema para substituir os enxaguatórios bucais. O objetivo desse estudo foi incorporar digluconato de clorexidina, óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus ou a associação dessas substâncias a um sistema precursor de cristal líquido mucoadesivo, realizar a caracterização físico-química desse sistema e avaliar in vitro seu potencial antimicrobiano em biofilmes polimicrobianos. As formulações foram caracterizadas por meio de microscopia de luz polarizada, análises reológicas, mucoadesão e perfil de liberação. Posteriormente, foi avaliada a capacidade de redução da acidogenicidade, composição microbiana e dosagem de polissacarídeos extracelulares insolúveis em água dos biofilmes formados a partir da saliva de um doador. Os dados da seleção do doador de saliva, dos testes de CIM e CBM do óleo essencial de C. citratus e do digluconato de clorexidina, as análises reológicas do sistema e o perfil de liberação in vitro foram analisados descritivamente. Enquanto, para os testes de mucoadesão, contagem de micro-organismos do biofilme, pH, peso seco dos biofilmes e dosagem de polissacarídeos extracelulares insolúveis em água, dependendo da normalidade e homocedasticidade dos dados, foram aplicados os testes ANOVA ou Kruskal-Wallis, complementados por testes de comparações múltiplas. O nível de significância estabelecido foi de 5%. Os testes de caracterização evidenciaram que todas as formulações têm potencial mucoadesivo e agiram como SPCL, pois formaram cristais líquidos quando foi adicionada saliva artificial. As formulações liberaram entre 13,19 e 15,45% da clorexidina e entre 9,48 e 10,73% do óleo essencial de C. citratus em 24 horas, agindo como sistema de liberação controlada. As formulações apresentaram ação antimicrobiana independente da substância incorporada, e foram capazes de manter o pH próximo a neutralidade por 48 h. Além disso, determinaram redução significativa da dosagem de polissacarídeos extracelulares insolúveis em água. Sendo assim, o sistema avaliado se apresentou como uma alternativa para tratamento de doenças microbianas da cavidade bucal, devido as suas características mucodesivas e de liberação controlada. Chlorhexidine stands out for its effectiveness in combating several microorganisms of cariogenic interest. However, its best-known form of use is the mouthwash, which has no universal application for patients with special needs. Thus, a challenge for pharmaceutical industry is the development of a system to replace mouthwashes. The objective of this study was to incorporate chlorhexidine digluconate, essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus or the association of these substances with a mucoadhesive liquid crystal precursor system, to carry out the physico-chemical characterization of this system and to evaluate in vitro its antimicrobial potential in polymicrobial biofilms. The evaluated formulations were characterized by means of polarized light microscopy, rheological analysis, mucoadhesion and release profile. Subsequently, the formulations were evaluated for their ability to reduce acidogenicity, microbial composition and dosage of water-insoluble extracellular polysaccharides from the biofilms formed from the saliva of a donor. The data from the selection of the saliva donor, the MIC and MBC tests of the essential oil of C. citratus and the chlorhexidine digluconate, the rheological analyzes of the formulations and the in vitro release profile were analyzed descriptively. While, for mucoadhesion, biofilm microorganisms count, pH, dry weight of biofilms and dosage of water-insoluble extracellular polysaccharides, depending on the normality and homoscedasticity of the data, ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis, complemented by the corresponding multiple comparisons tests were applied. The level of significance was set at 5%. Characterization tests showed that all formulations have mucoadhesive potential and behave like liquid crystal precursors, since they formed liquid crystals when artificial saliva was added. The formulations released between 13.19 and 15.45% of chlorhexidine and between 9.48 and 10.73% of the essential oil of C. citratus in 24 hours, acting as controlled releasing system. Formulations showed antimicrobial action independent of the incorporated substance, and were able to maintain the pH close to neutrality for 48 hours. In addition, they determined a significant reduction in the dosage of extracellular water-insoluble polysaccharides. Therefore, the system is presented as an alternative for the treatment of microbial diseases of the oral cavity, due to their mucoadhesive and controlled release characteristics. CNPq: 133127/2018-4

Eterična ulja su smjese hlapljivih, lipofilnih tvari izoliranih iz cijelih biljaka ili njihovih dijelova. Lako su pokretljive tekućine koje lome svjetlo, bezbojne su ili svijetložute boje i najčešće su intenzivnog mirisa koji ovisi o kemijskom sastavu ulja. Koriste se zbog antibakterijskog, antivirusnog, antimikotičkog, antiparazitskog, spazmolitičkog, protuupalnog i antikancerogenog djelovanja, pogotovo u farmaceutskoj, kozmetičkoj, poljoprivrednoj i prehrambenoj industriji. Hidrolati su vodene otopine zasićene sastavnicama eteričnog ulja koje mogu nastati kao nusprodukt destilacije hlapljivih ulja ili destilacije biljnog materijala koji ne sadrži hlapljiva ulja. Blagi su, neiritativni i neškodljivi u usporedbi s eteričnim uljima. Upotrebljavaju se u kozmetici kao tonici za kožu te vodene faze krema i maski, a u terapiji u obliku obloga, kapi za nos, za oralnu upotrebu i primjenu na sluznice te u nekim zemljama kao pića, arome ili u fitomedicini. Određena količina sakupljenog suhog biljnog materijala se koristila za vodenu destilaciju uz pomoć aparature po Clevengeru da bi se izolirala eterična ulja i hidrolati. Zatim je odrađena GC-MS i GC-FID analiza da bi se dobio točan sastav eteričnih ulja i hidrolata. Iz tih rezultata se može vidjeti da su eterična ulja izrazito nepolarna i lipofilna, za razliku od hidrolata koji su polarniji, tako da se i njihov međusobni sastav razlikovao, iako smo našli zajedničke spojeve u visokim udjelima (heksadekanska kiselina, heksahidrofarnezil aceton, fitol i heptakosan)., Essential oils are mixtures of volatile, lipophilic substances isolated from whole plants or their parts. They are easily moving liquids that refract light, are colorless or light yellow in color and are most often of intense odor, which depends on the chemical composition of the oil. They have been used for antibacterial, antiviral, antimycotic, antiparasitic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, especially in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agricultural and food industries. Hydrosols are aqueous solutions saturated with constituents of essential oil that can be produced as a by-product of the distillation of volatile oils or the distillation of a plant material that does not contain volatile oils. They are mild, non-irritating and harmless compared to the essential oils. They are used in cosmetics as skin tonics and the aqueous phases of creams and masks, and in therapy in the form of dressings, nasal drops, oral and mucosal applications, and in some countries as beverages, flavors or in phytomedicine. A certain amount of dried plant material was used for aqueous distillation using a Clevenger apparatus to isolate essential oils and hydrosols. Then, GC-MS and GC-FID analysis were performed to obtain the correct composition of essential oils and hydrosols. From these results it can be seen that the essential oils are highly non-polar and lipophilic, unlike the more hydrosols, which are more polar, so that their mutual composition differed, although we found common compounds in high proportions (hexadecanoic acid, hexahydrofarnasyl acetone, phytol and heptacosane).

Maslina (Olea europaea L.) je jedna od glavnih poljoprivrednih kultura mediteranskog područja. Otkriveno je da su osim ulja i listovi masline bogat izvor komponenti s farmakološkim učinkom. U ovom radu analiziran je sastav eteričnog ulja i hidrolata u različitim razvojnim fazama masline. Vodenom destilacijom u aparaturi po Clevengeru iz nekoliko uzoraka listova masline izolirana su eterična ulja i hidrolati te identificirani GC/MS analizom. U prvom uzorku eteričnog ulja najzastupljeniji spoj bio je ß-ionon (20.4%), u drugom germakren D (31.2%), u trećem endo-fenhil acetat (12.7%), u četvrtom dokosan (40.1%), u petom n-dodekanol (30.6%) i u šestom kariofilen oksid (17.1%). U uzorcima hidrolata najzastupljeniji spoj u većini uzoraka bio je ß-ionon: u prvom uzorku u količini od 15.9%, u drugom uzorku u količini od 40.3%, u trećem uzorku u količini od 42.8%; u četvrtom uzorku najzastupljeniji spoj bio je biciklogermakren (39.5%), u petom ß-ionon (25.3%) i u šestom najzastupljeniji je bio miristicin (35%). Spojevi koji su izolirani u svim uzorcima listova, ili u eteričnom ulju ili hidrolatu su: α-pinen, ß-kariofilen, α-humulen, allo-aromadendren, ß-ionon, miristicin, palmitinska kiselina, oleinska kiselina te dokosan, trikosan i tetrakosan., Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the main agricultural crops of the Mediterranean area. It has been discovered that apart from oil, olive leaves are also a rich source of components with pharmacological effect. In this paper the composition of essential oils and hydrolates was observed in different life stages of olive. By aqueous distillation in Clevenger's apparatus, essential oils and hydrolates were isolated from several olive leaf samples and identified by GC/MS analysis. In the first sample of essential oil the most common compound was β-ionone (20.4%), in second germacrene D (31.2%), in third endo-fenchyl acetate (12.7%), in fourth docosane (40.1%), in fifth n-dodecanol (30.6 %) and in sixth caryophyllene oxide (17.1%). In hydrolates the most common compound in most of the samples was β-ionone: in first sample in the amount of 15.9%, in second sample in the amount of 40.3%, in third sample in the amount of 42.8%; in fourth sample the most common component was bicyclogermacrene (39.5%), in fifth ß-ionone (25.3%) and in sixth myristicin (35%). The compounds that were isolated from all of the samples, either from essential oil or hydrolate, were: α-pinene, ß-caryophyllene, α-humulene, allo-aromadendrene, ß-ionone, myristicin, palmitic acid, oleic acid and docosane, tricosane and tetracosane.

Eterična ulja nastaju kao specijalizirani metaboliti aromatičnih biljaka. Najčešće se dobivaju postupkom destilacije zbog svojstva hlapljivosti. To su uglavnom bistre i bezbojne tekućine. Gustoća im je najčešće manja od gustoće vode. Eterična ulja se danas najviše primjenjuju u kozmetologiji, za proizvodnju dermatokozmetičkih pripravaka i parfema, a zbog svog repelentnog djelovanja koriste se u različitim pripravcima za zaštitu od kukaca. Određena eterična ulja se primjenjuju u farmakologiji. Hidrolati su nusprodukti destilacije biljnog materijala pri ekstrakciji eteričnih ulja. Hidrolati se koriste u kozmetičke svrhe kao prirodni tonici ili kao vodena faza u izradi krema, gelova, emulzija i maski. Rod Salvia pripada porodici Lamiaceae koja ima veliki farmaceutsko–ekonomski značaj. Iz biljnog materijala vrsta Salvia officinalis L., Salvia sclarea L., Salvia bertolonii Vis. i Salvia verticillata L. izolirana su eterična ulja vodenom destilacijom u aparaturi po Clevenger – u. Dobiveni uzorci eteričnih ulja i hidrolata analizirani su sustavom plinske kromatografije – masene spektrometrije i plinske kromatografije – plameno-ionizacijske kromatografije. Rezultati su pokazali da postoje razlike u kvalitativnom i kvantitativnom sastavu eteričnih ulja istraživanih vrsta roda Salvia, te razlike u sastavu eteričnih ulja i hidrolata iste vrste., Essential oils are the specialized metabolites of aromatic herbs. The most common way of isolation is by the distillation process because of their volatility properties. They are generally clear and colorless liquids. Their density is usually smaller than the water density. Essential oils are mostly used in cosmetic industry, for the preparation of dermatocosmetics and perfumes, and are often used in the various insect protection formulations because of their repellent activity. Some essential oils are being used in pharmacology. Hydrosols are by-products of the distillation of herb material while extracting essential oils. They are used in cosmetic industry as natural tonics, or as a waters phase while preparing creams, gels, emulsions and masks. Genus Salvia belongs to the Lamiaceae family which has pharmaceutical-economic significance. From the herb material of Salvia officinalis L., Salvia sclarea L., Salvia bertolonii Vis. and Salvia verticillata L.., essential oils are isolated by the distillation in Clevenger apparatus. Samples of the essential oils and hydrosols are analysed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry and gas chromatography - flame ionization chromatography. The results showed that there are differences in qualitative and quantitative composition of the essential oils from Salvia species and differences in composition of the essential oils and hydrosols from the same species.

Cilj istraživanja: Razvoj i vrednovanje metode za kvalitativno i kvantitativno određivanje limonena u komercijalnim eteričnim uljima mandarine, grejpa, slatke naranče i limuna plinskom kromatografijom, s ciljem smanjenja trajanja analize radi uštede vremena i plinova. Materijali i metode: U istraživanju su korišteni uzorci Pranarom eteričnih ulja, koja su otopljena u pentanu i metanolu, te standardne otopine limonena otopljenog u metanolu s rasponom masenih koncentracija od 10 do 5×10-3 mg/mL. Brzina porasta temperature peći u kojoj se nalazi kolona se mijenjala, dok su ostali radni uvjeti održavani konstantnim. Za analizu je korišten split/splitless injektor, zagrijan na 250 ºC, sa split omjerom 100:1, dok je kao pokretna faza korišten helij s brzinom protoka 1,000 mL/min. U istraživanju je korištena kapilarna kolona s tekućom, nepolarnom nepokretnom fazom. Za sagorijevanje analita u plamenoionizacijskom detektoru korišteni su zrak i vodik, dok je dušik korišten kao "makeup" plin. Rezultati: Na dobivenim kromatogramima vidi se kako unatoč korištenju različite brzine porasta temperature peći, dolazi do dobrog odjeljivanja komponenti uzorka. Svim komponentama je potrebno oko 15 min za eluiranje s kolone, stoga je kao optimalna metoda odabrana metoda s dvije različite brzine porasta temperature peći. Kao što je i očekivano, povećanjem brzine porasta temperature peći, vrijeme zadržavanja limonena se skratilo, ali je ponovljivo korištenjem iste metode. Nema značajne razlike u rezultatima uporabom metanola kao otapala, u usporedbi s pentanom, stoga je kao otapalo izbora odabran metanol radi lakšeg rukovanja. Zaključci: Primjenom veće brzine porasta temperature peći vrijeme analize se značajno smanjuje - s 90 minuta prvom metodom na 23 minute i 51 sekundu zadnjom metodom. Bez obzira na brzinu, zadržana je kvaliteta rezultata, odnosno dobro odjeljivanje komponenti te ponovljivo vrijeme zadržavanja limonena. Primjenom optimizirane metode smanjuju se i troškovi analize zbog manje potrošnje plinova., Objectives: Development and validation of the method for qualitative and quantitative determination of limonene in tangerine, grapefruit, sweet orange and lemon commercial essential oils, using gas chromatography, with the aim of reducing the analysis duration in order to save time and gasses. Material and Methods: Samples of Pranarom essential oils were used in the research, dissolved in pentane and methanol, and standard solution of limonene dissolved in methanol with mass concentrations ranging from 10 to 5×10-3 mg/mL. Column oven temperature rate was altered, while other operating conditions were kept constant. A split/splitless injector, heated to 250 ºC and with a 100:1 split ratio, was used for the analysis, with helium at constant flow rate of 1,000 mL/min as mobile phase. A capillary column with liquid, non-polar stationary phase was used. Oxygen and hydrogen were used as a fuel in the flame ionization detector, whereas nitrogen was used as makeup gas. Results: The obtained chromatograms show a good separation of sample components despite the variety of oven program rates applied. All the components take about 15 minutes to elute from the column, which is why the method involving two different oven program rates was selected as optimal. As expected, an increase in the oven temperature rate resulted in reduced retention time of limonene, but was reproducible by using the same method. It was demonstrated that there is no significant difference in results obtained by the use of methanol as solvent as opposed to the use of pentane, which is why methanol, due to the fact it is easier to handle, was selected as the solvent of choice. Conclusions: An increase in the oven program rates was shown to lead to a significant reduction of the duration of analysis - from 90 minutes in the first method down to 23 minutes and 51 seconds in the last. Regardless of the program rate, the quality of the results was kept, i.e. good separation of components and reproducible limonene retention time. Due to reduced gas consumption, the application of the optimal method results in a decrease of analysis costs.

Eterična ulja su više ili manje složene smjese prirodnih spojeva, produkti metabolizma biljaka. Hlapljiva su te se zbog toga najčešće izdvajaju procesom destilacije. Ispitivanja kvalitete eteričnih ulja i zahtjevi za kakvoću pojedinog ulja, navedena su u monografijama Farmakopeje ili AFNOR/ ISO normama. Eterično ulje sadrži veliki broj spojeva. U kemijskom sastavu obično dominiraju dvije ili više komponenti, dok su ostale prisutne u tragovima. U kemijski sastav ulaze terpeni (mono- ili seskvi-terpeni), fenilpropanski derivati i ostali spojevi. Biološka aktivnost eteričnih ulja ovisi o njihovom kemijskom sastavu. Zbog svoje lipofilnosti eterična ulja lako prolaze fosfolipidni dvosloj stanične membrane mnogih bakterija i gljivica te ostvaruju antimikrobno djelovanje. Na više načina eterična ulja djeluju citotoksično na stanice. Mogu mijenjati propusnost stanične membrane za ione, ometati rad ATP crpke i dovoditi do energetskog deficita, mijenjati sastav membrane ili povećavajati njezinu fluidnost. Neka eterična ulja su potencijalno toksična. Eterično ulje bergamota sadrži molekulu psoralen koja se uslijed izlaganja sunčevoj energiji aktivira u oblike koji dovode do oštećenja stanice. Mnogim eteričnim uljima, tj. njihovim glavnim komponentama (npr. bergapten, safrol) ispituje se utjecaj na genetski materijal i stvaranje mutacija, odnosno njihova mutagenost i kancerogenost. S druge strane, eterično ulje kamilice ili često korišten začin cimet pokazuju svojstva ''dezmutagena'' koji štite od mutageneze. Eterična ulja s terpenoidima i fenolima poput kaduljinog ili origanovog, štite stanice od oksidacijskog stresa. Zbog svog antivirusnog djelovanja 1,8-cineol vrlo je popularan u liječenju infekcija dišnih puteva kao i druga eterična ulja s aldehidima koji su odgovorni za antivirusni učinak. Eterično ulje lavande djeluje anksiolitički i spazmolitički. Kao analgetici stoljećima se primjenjuju klinčić (eugenol je djelatna komponenta) i paparena metvice ((-)mentol je djelatna komponenta). Eterična ulja bogata 1,8-cineolom, eterično ulje eukaliptusa globulusa, ružmarin, anis i komorač našli su primjenu u liječnju kašlja jer djeluju kao ekspektoransi i mukolitici. Eterično ulje kima poznato je po svom učinku u probavnom sustavu i ublažavanju nadutosti. Eterična ulja citronele koriste se zbog svog repelentnog djelovanja. Mnoga eterična ulja imaju primjenu u kozmetici, pospješuju regeneraciju kože, uklanjaju ožiljke, daju specifične note parfemima. Osim u kozmetologiji, danas su eterična ulja popularna i kao začini i konzervansi u prehrambenoj industriji. Zbog mnogih navedenih poznatih učinaka, eterična ulja i njihove glavne komponente postaju značajni predmeti znanstvenih istraživanja i primjene u svakodnevnom životu., Essential oils are more or less complex mixtures of natural compounds, products of plant metabolism. They are volatile and are therefore most often isolated by the distillation process. Tests of quality essential oils and requirements for the quality of individual oils are listed in the monographs Pharmacopoeia or AFNOR / ISO norms. Essential oils contain a large number of compounds. The chemical composition is usually dominated by two or more components, while others are traceable. The chemical composition includes terpenes (mono- or sesquiterpene), phenylpropane derivatives, and other compounds. Biological activity of the essential oils depends on their chemical composition. Because of their lipophilicity they easily pass the phospholipid bilayer cell membranes of many bacteria and fungi and exhibit antimicrobial activity. In many ways the essential oils act cytotoxic to the cells. They can change ion band membrane permeability, interfere with ATP pump operation, and lead to energy deficit, change membrane composition, or increase its fluid flow. Some essential oils are potentially toxic. Bergamot oil contains a psoralen molecule which, due to the exposure to sunlight, activates into forms that cause cell damage. Many essential oils, or their major components (ex. bergapten, safrol) are investigating the effect on genetic material and the formation of mutations (mutagenicity and carcinogenicity). On the other hand, camomile oil or frequently used cinnamon oil exhibit "mutagenesis-deficient" dismutase properties. Essential oils with terpenoids and phenols such as sage or oregano, protect the cells from oxidative stress. Because of its antiviral activity, 1,8-cineole is very popular in the treatment of respiratory infections as well as other essential oils with aldehydes that are responsible for the antiviral effect. Lavender oil acts anxiolytically and spasmolytically. As analgesics for centuries are used centipedes (eugenol is an active component) and peppermint ((-) menthol is an active component). Essential oils rich in 1,8-cinneol like oils of the eucalyptus globulus, rosemary, anise, and fennel are used in the treatment of cough because of the action of the expectorants and mucositis. Cumin oil is known for its effect on the digestive system and the suppression of the overgrowth. Essential oils of citruses are used because of their repulsive activity. Many essential oils have application in cosmetics, improve regeneration of the skin, remove scars, give special note to perfumes. Except for cosmetology, today's essential oils are popular as spices and preservatives in the food industry. Due to many of known effects, essential oils and their major ingredients become important subjects of scientific research and application in everyday life.

Cilj: Ispitati antimikrobni i antioksidacijski učinak te sposobnost inhibicije biofilma eteričnog ulja (EU) smilja [Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don (H. italicum)] prema netuberkuloznim mikobakterijama M. avium i M. intracellulare. Materijali i metode: Za određivanje minimalne inhibicijske koncentracije (MIK) i minimalne baktericidne koncentracije (MBK) EU H. italicum prema M. avium i M. intracellulare korištena je metoda mikrodilucije u bujonu. Preživljavanje mikobakterija u Middlebrook 7H9 bujonu pod utjecajem EU smilja praćeno je subkultivacijom suspenzija 0, 1, 4 i 8 dan. Za određivanje inhibicije stvaranja biofilma u vodi primjenjena je metoda bojenja biofilma s kristal violetom. Antioksidacijski učinak MIK koncentracije EU određen je DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikril-hidrazil) metodom. Rezultati: MIK i MBK vrijednost EU smilja iznosila je 3,2 mg/ml. Koncentracija ½ MIK vrijednosti dovela je nakon prvog dana do redukcije vijabilnosti M. avium za približno 2 log10 odnosno 2,5 log10 za M. intracellulare, dok je četvrti dan zabilježena potpuna inhibicija porasta obje vrste mikobakterija. M. avium je pokazao veću tendenciju stvaranja biofilma. Koncentracija od ¼ i ½ MIK vrijednosti dovela je do statistički značajne inhibicije stvaranja biofilma ispitivanih mikobakterija. MIK koncentracija EU H. italicum je nakon 60 minuta inhibirala 38,2 % DPPH radikala. Zaključak: Subinhibitorne koncentracije EU smilja značajno reduciraju vijabilnost M. avium i M. intracellulare i dovode do značajne inhibicije stvaranja biofilma ispitivanih mikobakterija u vodi što bi omogućilo primjenu niskih efektivnih koncentracija ovog EU, koje nemaju citotoksični učinak, kao prirodnog dezinficijensa u vodi., Objective: To investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidative effect of the essential oil (EO) of immortelle [Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don (H. italicum)] and its ability to inhibit biofilm of nontuberculous mycobacteria, M. avium and M. intracellulare. Materials and methods: a broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of the H. italicum EO. Survival of mycobacteria in Middlebrook 7H9 broth under the influence of H. italicum EO was monitored by subcultivation of suspension of 0, 1, 4 and 8 days. For determination of the inhibition of biofilm formation in water, the biofilm coloring method with crystal violet was applied. The antioxidant effect of MIC concentrations of H. italicum EO was determined by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil) method. Results: MIC and MBC value of immortelle EO was 3.2 mg/ml. Treatment of mycobacteria with H. italicum EO at one half times the MIC resulted in approximately 2 log10 reduction of M. avium and 2.5 log10 M. intracellulare respectively over 24 h, and complete reduction of both mycobacteria on the fourth day. M. avium showed a greater tendency to form biofilms. The concentration of one-quarter and one-half of the MIC values resulted in statistically significant inhibition of biofilm production of the tested mycobacteria. MIC concentrations of H. italicum EU after 60 minutes inhibited 38.2% of DPPH radicals. Conclusion: The subinhibitory concentrations of H. italicum EO significantly reduce the viability of M. avium and M. intracellulare and result in substantial inhibition of biofilm production of the tested mycobacteria in water, which would allow the application of low effective concentrations of this EO that do not have a cytotoxic effect as a natural disinfectant in water.

Submitted by Patrícia Conde Vital (patriciac.vital@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-10T17:16:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Patricia FINAL (04-05-18).pdf: 1171193 bytes, checksum: b027c43bf68ab4e11ec8da6ff8e021bf (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ceres Maria Carvalho Galvão de Freitas null (ceres@foar.unesp.br) on 2018-05-11T20:48:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 conde_pv_me_arafo_par.pdf: 438739 bytes, checksum: c2647a57727ed8510b623c9747f68b20 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-11T20:48:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 conde_pv_me_arafo_par.pdf: 438739 bytes, checksum: c2647a57727ed8510b623c9747f68b20 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-28 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Micro-organismos resistentes dificultam a atuação de medicações intracanal à base de hidróxido de cálcio. Óleos essenciais podem ser usados para aumentar a atividade antimicrobiana. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o pH e atividade antimicrobiana/antibiofilme de medicações intracanal à base de hidróxido de cálcio (HC) associadas aos óleos essenciais, Lemongrass e Thyme, em comparação às associações com clorexidina (CLX) e paramonoclorofenol canforado (PMCC). As medicações intracanal (MICs) avaliadas foram: Calen® + Lemongrass (HC-LE), Calen® + Thyme (HC-TH), Calen® (HC), Calen PMCC® (HC-PMCC) e Calen® + CLX (HC-CLX.) O estudo foi dividido em duas publicações. Publicação 1- avaliou o pH e a atividade antibacteriana sobre Enterococcus faecalis. O pH foi avaliado nos períodos de 12 h, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias. A efetividade antibacteriana foi avaliada após contaminação por 21 dias dos canais radiculares de dentes humanos extraídos. Foram realizadas 3 coletas para a contagem de UFC mL-1 : C1- após contaminação, C2- após 7 dias com MICs e C3- após 7 dias da remoção das MICs. Os dados foram submetidos aos testes estatisticos de ANOVA e Tukey ou Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn (α=0,05). Maior pH ocorreu nos períodos iniciais (12 h - 7 dias). Todas as MICs promoveram pH alcalino sem diferença entre elas (p0,05). Todas as MICs promoveram diminuição da contagem bacteriana sobre biofilme de E. faecalis em comparação ao controle positivo, com destaque para as associações com LE e TH que mostraram maior redução (p0.05). All IMs were able to decrease the bacterial count on E. faecalis biofilm (p>0.05) compared to positive control, with emphasis on LE and TH associations (p

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are natural inhabitants of natural waters, drinking water distribution systems and soils. Because of their ubiquitous distribution, people are surrounded by these opportunistic pathogens. The hydrophobicity of NTM greatly contributes to aerosolization, favors surface adhesion, biofilm formation, as well as, disinfectant and antibiotic resistance. Therefore, there is a need to extract substances with antituberculous activity from natural sources such as plants. Antimycobacterial activity of the essential oil (EO) of Juniperus communis (J. communis) and Thuja occidentalis (T. occidentalis) against Mycobacterium avium ssp. avium (serotype 2) ATCC 25291 (M. avium), Mycobacterium intracellulare ATCC 13950 (M. intracellulare) and Mycobacterium gordonae ATCC 14470 (M. gordonae) strains was investigated. To determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) the broth microdilution method in Middlebrook 7H9 broth was used. The EO combinations were tested by checkerboard synergy method. The initial concentration of J. communis and T. occidentalis EO in synergy method was 3.2 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml respectively. The MICs and MBCs for J. communis EO were 1.6 mg/ml against all of the tested strains. For T. occidentalis EO MIC and MBC were 6.4 mg/ml against M. avium and M. intracellulare and 12.8 mg/ml against M. gordonae. The lowest concentrations of EOs in checkerboard synergy method with effect on different Mycobacteria were for J. communis EO four times lower (0.1 mg/ml) and for T. occidentalis EO twice lower (1.56 mg/ml and 3.125 mg/ml) than MIC and MBC. To conclude, the investigated EOs showed a synergistic antimycobacterial effect in subinhibitory concentrations which opens the possibility of its use as an alternative natural disinfectant.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-11T20:58:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004 A análise da atividade antibacteriana de óleos essenciais de ervas medicinais (Ocimum gratissimum, L., Cybopogum citratus (DC) Stapf. e Salvia officinalis, L.) foi verificada frente a 100 cepas de bactérias isoladas de indivíduos da comunidade com diagnóstico de infecção urinária. Os microrganismos foram semeados em ágar Muller Hinton e os extratos aplicados com replicador de Steers e incubados a 37°C por 24 horas. Verificou-se que Salvia officinalis, L. apresentou ação inibitória superior às outras ervas, tendo eficácia de 100% quando testadas em espécies de Klebsiella e Enterobacter, 96% em Escherichia coli, 83% contra Proteus mirabilis e 75% contra Morganella morganii. The antibacterial activity of essential oils extracted from medicinal plants (Ocimum gratissimum, L., Cybopogum citratus (DC) Stapf., and Salvia officinalis, L.) was assessed on bacterial strains derived from 100 urine samples. Samples were taken from subjects diagnosed with urinary tract infection living in the community. Microorganisms were plated on Müller Hinton agar. Plant extracts were applied using a Steers replicator and petri dishes were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Salvia officinalis, L. showed enhanced inhibitory activity compared to the other two herbs, with 100% efficiency against Klebsiella and Enterobacter species, 96% against Escherichia coli, 83% against Proteus mirabilis, and 75% against Morganella morganii. [Furlan, Marcos Roberto] Universidade de Taubaté, Brazil Jorge, Antonio Olavo Cardoso] Universidade de Taubaté, Brazil Pereira, Rogério Santos; Sumita, Tânia Cristina] Universidade de Taubaté, Brazil Ueno, Mariko] Universidade de Taubaté, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-06T16:12:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-06T16:43:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ISSN1519-0501-2013-13-04-343-349.pdf: 794998 bytes, checksum: 75ab99a216c90093fe30306e91f20962 (MD5) Objetivo: Comparar a eficácia dos enxaguatórios bucais: clorexidina 0,12%, Listerine e óleo de Melaleuca Alternifolia 0,5% e 2% sobre os níveis salivares de Streptococcus mutans e microrganismos totais. Métodos: O estudo foi um ensaio clínico, controlado, duplo cego e emparelhado. Para tanto foram selecionados 26 voluntários com idade entre 21 - 35 anos. Foi coletada de cada participante, no baseline, a quantidade de 1 mL de saliva não estimulada, 1 e 15 min após os bochechos com as seguintes soluções: água destilada estéril, digluconato de clorexidina 0,12%, Listerine (©Johnson & Johnson do Brasil), Melaleuca Alternifolia (Sigma-Aldrich St Louis, MO, USA) nas concentrações de 0,5% e 2%. Os participantes fizeram uso de todos os enxaguatórios bucais pesquisados, com intervalo de 15 dias entre cada solução. Imediatamente após o bochecho, foi coletada a saliva e realizadas as diluições seriadas, seguidas de plaqueamento em meio de cultura Agar sangue para o crescimento de microrganismos totais e SB- 20 (Agar Sacarose Bacitracina) para S. mutans, mantidos por 48h a 37°C em microaerofilia. Após o período de incubação, as colônias foram contadas e transformadas em unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC/mL). Resultados: A clorexidina mostrou ação antimicrobiana na redução dos microrganismos totais e S. mutans, enquanto a ação do óleo Melaleuca Alternifolia 0.5% foi semelhante à água destilada. O listerine e o óleo Melaleuca Alternifolia 2% apresentaram redução microbiana, respectivamente, de 11% e 9% para microrganismos totais, entretanto para S. mutans o listerine reduziu os níveis em 20% e o óleo Melaleuca Alternifolia 2% em 11%. Conclusão: O bochecho único com clorexidina 0,12% é eficaz na redução de níveis de microrganismos totais e S. mutans presentes na saliva. Ao comparar a clorexidina com o listerine e óleo Melaleuca Alternifolia 0,5% e 2% nas mesmas condições a eficácia da ação destas soluções é diminuída. Objective: To compare the efficacy of the mouthwashes 0.12% chlorhexidine, Listerine, and 0.5% and 2% Melaleuca Alternifolia oil against the salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans and total microorganisms. Methods: This study was double-blind controlled and paired clinical assay. Twenty-six volunteers aged 21 to 35 years old were enrolled. At baseline, 1 mL of unstimulated saliva was collected from each subject, 1 and 15 min after mouthrinsing with the following solutions: sterile distilled water, 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate, Listerine (©Johnson & Johnson do Brasil), 0.5% and 2% concentrations of Melaleuca Alternifolia (Sigma-Aldrich). The volunteers used all the evaluated mouthrinses with a 15-day interval between the solutions. Immediately after rinsing, saliva was collected and serial dilutions were performed, followed by plating in blood agar culture medium for growth of total microorganisms and SB-20 (Sucrose-Bacitracin agar) for growth of S. mutans, and incubation at 37 °C for 48 h in microaerophilia. After incubation, the number of colonies was counted and expressed as colony forming units (UFC/mL). Results: Chlorhexidine showed antimicrobial action by reducing total microorganisms and S. mutans, while the action of 0.5% Melaleuca Alternifolia was similar to that of distilled water. Listerine and 2% Melaleuca Alternifolia oil reduced total microbial counts by 11% and 9% respectively, and S. mutans by 20% and 11%. Conclusion: A single rinse with 0.12% chlorhexidine is effective in reducing the levels of total microorganisms and S. mutans present in saliva. Under the same testing conditions, Listerine and 0.5% and 2% Melaleuca Alternifolia oil presented lower efficacy than chlorhexidine. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Centro, CEP 14801903, SP, Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Centro, CEP 14801903, SP, Brasil

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:21:53Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:43:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-34047201911.pdf: 48616 bytes, checksum: a85645ba6556dd11d3d4ac4603de3ca3 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:21:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-06-01 The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators in biomass production and essential oil yield content in lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf), in different seasons. The experiment was conducted on São Manuel Experimental Farm, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP - Botucatu. Which plants were randomly assigned into blocks to treatments with three repetitions. The treatments consisted of GA3 (50 and 100 mg L-1); Ethrel (100 and 200 mg L-1); CCC (500 and 1000 mg L-1); Alar 85 (1000 and 2000 mg L-1); Accel (20 and 40 mg 0L-1) and control. Four applications of plant growth regulators were realized every three months. After 40 days of each foliar spray, the plants were cut to determine the fresh weight and essential oil yield. The application of plant growth regulators did not increase the biomass production, showing difference among collect periods when the major production was detected at the fourth collect (summer). The greatest essential oil yield was found at the second collect (winter). In the present study, the used concentrations of plant growth regulators did not increase biomass neither essential oil yield. Departamento de Produção Vegetal - Setor Horticultura F C A - UNESP, C.P. 237, Botucatu - SP, CEP 18603-970 Departamento de Botânica - IB - UNESP, C.P. 510, Botucatu - SP, CEP 18618-000 Departamento de Produção Vegetal - Setor Horticultura F C A - UNESP, C.P. 237, Botucatu - SP, CEP 18603-970 Departamento de Botânica - IB - UNESP, C.P. 510, Botucatu - SP, CEP 18618-000

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:21:38Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:45:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-32144461898.pdf: 31697 bytes, checksum: 73dca47a20a03014aa05b225ebdb7b6a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:21:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-10-01 The essential oils are found in a great number of Lamiaceae family species, but few researches were carried out on this subject. This work had as a goal to identify the Leonurus sibiricus L. (rubim) essential oil composition. Rubim leaves and flowers in infusion are able to avoid vomit, diarrhea, and are also indicated in cold, cough, bronchitis and rheumatisms cases. In order to know what are the phytochemical compositions involved, it was used the gas chromatography techniques with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as methodology. The results showed 70% volatility compound by trans-cariophylene, alpha-humulene and germacrene-D. Other substances like gamacadinene, beta-bourborene and alpha-copaene were found like compounds of this essential oil species. Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências UNESP, Caixa Postal 510, 18.618-000-Botucatu-SP Secção de Fitoquímica Centro de Recursos Genéticos Vegetais IAC, Campinas Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências UNESP, Caixa Postal 510, 18.618-000-Botucatu-SP

A análise da atividade antibacteriana de óleos essenciais de ervas medicinais (Ocimum gratissimum, L., Cybopogum citratus (DC) Stapf. e Salvia officinalis, L.) foi verificada frente a 100 cepas de bactérias isoladas de indivíduos da comunidade com diagnóstico de infecção urinária. Os microrganismos foram semeados em ágar Muller Hinton e os extratos aplicados com replicador de Steers e incubados a 37°C por 24 horas. Verificou-se que Salvia officinalis, L. apresentou ação inibitória superior às outras ervas, tendo eficácia de 100% quando testadas em espécies de Klebsiella e Enterobacter, 96% em Escherichia coli, 83% contra Proteus mirabilis e 75% contra Morganella morganii. The antibacterial activity of essential oils extracted from medicinal plants (Ocimum gratissimum, L., Cybopogum citratus (DC) Stapf., and Salvia officinalis, L.) was assessed on bacterial strains derived from 100 urine samples. Samples were taken from subjects diagnosed with urinary tract infection living in the community. Microorganisms were plated on Müller Hinton agar. Plant extracts were applied using a Steers replicator and petri dishes were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Salvia officinalis, L. showed enhanced inhibitory activity compared to the other two herbs, with 100% efficiency against Klebsiella and Enterobacter species, 96% against Escherichia coli, 83% against Proteus mirabilis, and 75% against Morganella morganii.