27 results on '"Olivares, Patricia"'
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2. Disinfecting and Shaping Type I C-shaped Root Canals: A Correlative Micro–computed Tomographic and Molecular Microbiology Study
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Gazzaneo, Isbelia, Amoroso-Silva, Pablo, Pacheco-Yanes, Juan, Alves, Flávio R.F., Marceliano-Alves, Marilia, Olivares, Patricia, Meto, Aida, Mdala, Ibrahimu, Siqueira, José F., Jr., and Rôças, Isabela N.
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- 2021
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3. Morphological assessment of the isthmus in mesial root canals of first mandibular molars
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Guimarães, Thiago S, primary, Marceliano-Alvares, Marilia FV, additional, Provenzano, José C, additional, Olivares, Patricia P, additional, Limoeiro, Ana GS, additional, Alves, Flavio RF, additional, and Dias, Luciana A, additional
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- 2023
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4. <>. El problema de la propaganda turística en Chile entre 1929 y 1959
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Vidal Olivares, Patricia
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- 2019
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5. Debates transnacionales y panamericanos sobre el turismo. Los casos de Argentina y Chile, 1920-1950
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Vidal Olivares, Patricia, Yáñez Andrade, Juan Carlos, Vidal Olivares, Patricia, and Yáñez Andrade, Juan Carlos
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El objetivo central de este artículo es analizar los debates que se dieron sobre el turismo en distintas instancias de cooperación internacional y panamericana entre 1920 y 1950. Si bien las investigaciones históricas sobre el turismo han tenido un importante auge en algunos países de América Latina, muchas de ellas se centran en una mirada limitada a las fronteras nacionales, sin superar la perspectiva nacional del problema. Los resultados destacan el posicionamiento del turismo como una industria nacional hacia la década de 1920 y 1930, que permitió consolidar los destinos turísticos de algunos países de la región en el mercado mundial de viajeros. También el turismo posibilitó medidas de cooperación entre los países y de coordinación de los esfuerzos por aumentar el volumen de turistas, aunque en términos negativos dichos esfuerzos no avanzaron en estrategias de colaboración e integración regional efectivas en el tiempo. Se abordan como casos de estudio a Chile y Argentina., The central objective of this article is to analyze the debates about the tourism in different instances of international and Pan-American cooperation between 1920 and 1950. Although historical research on tourism is booming in some Latin American countries, many of them focus on a limited look at national borders without going beyond the national perspective of the problem. The results highlight the positioning of tourism as a national industry in the 1920s and 1930s, which made it possible to consolidate the tourist destinations of some countries in the region in the travel marketworldwide.Tourism also made possible measures of cooperation between countries and coordination of efforts to increase the number of tourists, although in negative terms, the efforts did not advance effective collaboration and regional integration strategies over time. Chile and Argentina as studied as case studies.
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- 2023
6. Determinación de las estrategias óptimas de carga mediante el análisis de procesos de carga rápida de baterías de vehículos eléctricos
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Mora Olivares, Patricia, Clar García, David, and Departamentos de la UMH::Ingeniería Mecánica y Energía
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6 - Ciencias aplicadas::62 - Ingeniería. Tecnología [CDU] ,carga rápida ,EV ,baterías ,estrategia de carga - Abstract
En el presente proyecto de investigación, impulsado por el laboratorio de vehículos de la Universidad Miguel Hernández, adscrito al departamento de ingeniería mecánica y energía, en el que se pretende analizar la carga rápida de los vehículos eléctricos con la finalidad de proponer estrategias de carga rápida a los conductores de dichos vehículos, de tal forma que el tiempo de carga y el tiempo de viaje sean óptimos. Para ello, será esencial conocer las curvas de carga de cada modelo de vehículo eléctrico y el consumo wltp (kwh/100 km), para obtener ecuaciones en función del tiempo de carga, y determinar una estrategia de carga óptima para cada vehículo.
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- 2022
7. Comentarios al proyecto de ley 'Muerte digna y cuidados paliativos'
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Valera,Luca, Ramos,Paulina, Pérez,Iván, Olivares,Patricia, Florenzano,Alejandra, Carrasco,María Alejandra, Barrientos,Marcelo, and Godoy F.,Jaime
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Death ,Euthanasia ,Right to Die ,Bioethics - Abstract
The Chilean House of Representatives is discussing the bill on “Dignified death and palliative care”, which regulates the so-called medical assistance in dying or euthanasia. This paper will critically analyze the different aspects of the bill, particularly concerning four main dimensions, namely, the patient's condition at the time of requesting euthanasia; the doctor-patient relationship and respect for the autonomy of both parties; the idea of medicine involved in it; and the possible therapeutic alternatives to euthanasia. This critical analysis raises the need to discuss in more depth a project that has to do with such important decisions about our lives and that implies a radical change in the way of thinking and practicing medicine.
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- 2021
8. Comentarios al proyecto de ley “Muerte digna y cuidados paliativos”
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Valera, Luca, primary, Ramos, Paulina, additional, Pérez, Iván, additional, Olivares, Patricia, additional, Florenzano, Alejandra, additional, Carrasco, María Alejandra, additional, Barrientos, Marcelo, additional, and Godoy F., Jaime, additional
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- 2021
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9. Ethical guidelines for medical decision-making during COVID-19 pandemic in Chile
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Valera, Luca, Carrasco, María Alejandra, López, Rodrigo, Ramos, Paulina, von Bernhardi, Rommy, Bedregal, Paula, Florenzano, Alejandra, Pérez, Iván, Olivares, Patricia, Vargas, Ivonne, González, Ximena, López, Paulo, Durán, Gloria, Richards, Constanza, and Castro, Ricardo
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Ethics, Clinical ,Health Planning Guidelines ,Resource Allocation - Abstract
The catastrophic emergency experienced by many countries with the COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the importance of bioethics for decision-making, both at the public health (equitable and effective policies) and at the clinical level. At the clinical level, the issues are the fulfillment of medical care demand with adequate health care teams, infrastructure, and supplies, and to cover critical care demands that surpass the available resources. Therefore, ethically correct approaches are required for the allocation of life sustaining resources. There are recommendations for the allocating life support during disasters based on multiple considerations, including ethical ones. However, the ethical criteria of existing guidelines are variable. Ethical principles usually considered are saving the greatest number of lives, saving the greatest number of years of life and the principle of the life cycle or the goal to give each individual equal opportunity to live through the various phases of life. However, the centrality of the human being and the search for the common good should be considered. Knowledge of public perspectives and moral benchmarks on these issues is essential. A successful assignment effort will require everyone's trust and cooperation. Decision making should be planned and discussed in advance, since in-depth deliberation will be extremely complex during the disaster. Our goal is to help the health care teams to wisely allocate resources in shortage periods.
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- 2020
10. SARS-COV-2 Transmission in México´s Dental Practice: Measures, Clinical Implications and Management
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Palma, José R., primary, Palma, Pedro J., additional, Olivares, Patricia N., additional, and Macías, Olivia, additional
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- 2020
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11. Empatía y cuidado profesional: esbozos de una relación problemática
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Olivares, Patricia Carolina, primary
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- 2020
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12. Orientaciones éticas para la toma de decisiones médicas en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Chile
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Valera, Luca, primary, Carrasco, María Alejandra, additional, López, Rodrigo, additional, Ramos, Paulina, additional, von Bernhardi, Rommy, additional, Bedregal, Paula, additional, Florenzano, Alejandra, additional, Pérez, Iván, additional, Olivares, Patricia, additional, Vargas, Ivonne, additional, González, Ximena, additional, López, Paulo, additional, Durán, Gloria, additional, Richards, Constanza, additional, and Castro, Ricardo, additional
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- 2020
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13. «Se nos desconoce y se nos ignora como país turístico». El problema de la propaganda turística en Chile entre 1929 y 1959
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Vidal Olivares, Patricia and Vidal Olivares, Patricia
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This article analyzes state promotion of the tourism industry in Chile between 1929 and 1959, a period when the state first took an interest in this issue. Through an analysis of the media, ministerial communications, and parliamentary discussions, this study reveals flaws in tourism propaganda aimed at foreign countries, and reviews the roles and tasks undertaken by consuls, who acted as middlemen in the promotion of tourism, as “propaganda commissioners” – actors that promoted national tourism at a time when there were no clear standards established by the government., El artículo analiza cómo funcionó la promoción estatal de la industria turística entre 1929 y 1959, momento en que el Estado se preocupó por primera vez de su organización. A través del análisis de medios de comunicación, oficios ministeriales y discusiones parlamentarias, aparecen las falencias que mostraba el sistema de propaganda del turismo nacional en el exterior, así como el rol y las tareas que debieron asumir tanto los cónsules, actuando como agentes bisagra en la promoción del turismo, como los comisionados de propaganda, actores que durante una década estuvieron presentes en la promoción del turismo nacional sin criterios claramente establecidos por la autoridad.
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- 2019
14. Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
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Nancy, Fullman, Jamal, Yearwood, Solomon, M, Abay, Cristiana, Abbafati, Foad, Abd-Allah, Jemal, Abdela, Ahmed, Abdelalim, Zegeye, Abebe, Teshome, Abuka, Abebo, Victor, Aboyans, Haftom, Niguse, Abraha, Daisy, M, X, Abreu, Laith, Abu-Raddad, J, Akilew, Awoke, Adane, Rufus, Adesoji, Adedoyin, Olatunji, Adetokunboh, Tara, Ballav, Adhikari, Mohsen, Afarideh, Ashkan, Afshin, Gina, Agarwal, Dominic, Agius, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Agrawal, Aliasghar, Ahmad, Kiadaliri, Miloud, Taki, Eddine, Aichour, Mohammed, Akibu, Rufus, Olusola, Akinyemi, Tomi, Akinyemiju, F, Nadia, Akseer, Faris, Hasan, Lami, Al, Fares, Alahdab, Ziyad, Al-Aly, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alam, Deena, Alasfoor, Mohammed, I, Albittar, Kefyalew, Addis, Alene, Ayman, Al-Eyadhy, Syed, Danish, Ali, Mehran, Alijanzadeh, Syed, M, Aljunid, Ala’A, Alkerwi, François, Alla, Peter, Allebeck, Christine, Allen, Mahmoud, A, Alomari, Rajaa, Al-Raddadi, Ubai, Alsharif, Khalid, A, Altirkawi, Nelson, Alvis-Guzman, Azmeraw, T, Amare, Kebede, Amenu, Walid, Ammar, Yaw, Ampem, Amoako, Nahla, Anber, Catalina, Liliana, Andrei, Sofia, Androudi, Carl, Abelardo, Antonio, T, Valdelaine, E, Araújo, M, Olatunde, Aremu, Johan, Ärnlöv, Artaman, Al, Krishna, Kumar, Aryal, Hamid, Asayesh, Ephrem, Tsegay, Asfaw, Solomon, Weldegebreal, Asgedom, Rana, Jawad, Asghar, Mengistu, Mitiku, Ashebir, Netsanet, Abera, Asseffa, Tesfay, Mehari, Atey, Sachin, R, Atre, Madhu, Atteraya, S, Leticia, Avila-Burgos, Euripide, Frinel, Arthur, G, Avokpaho, Ashish, Awasthi, Beatriz, Paulina, Ayala, Quintanilla, Animut, Alebel, Ayalew, Henok, Tadesse, Ayele, Rakesh, Ayer, Tambe, Betrand, Ayuk, Peter, Azzopardi, Natasha, Azzopardi-Muscat, Tesleem, Kayode, Babalola, Hamid, Badali, Alaa, Badawi, Maciej, Banach, Amitava, Banerjee, Amrit, Banstola, Ryan, M, Barber, Miguel, Barboza, A, Suzanne, L, Barker-Collo, Till, Bärnighausen, Simon, Barquera, Lope, H, Barrero, Quique, Bassat, Sanjay, Basu, Bernhard, T, Baune, Shahrzad, Bazargan-Hejazi, Neeraj, Bedi, Ettore, Beghi, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Behzadifar, Bayu, Begashaw, Bekele, Abate, Bekele, Belachew, Saba, Abraham, Belay, Yihalem, Abebe, Belay, Michelle, L, Bell, Aminu, Bello, K, Derrick, A, Bennett, James, Bennett, R, Isabela, M, Bensenor, Derbew, Fikadu, Berhe, Eduardo, Bernabé, Robert, Steven, Bernstein, Mircea, Beuran, Ashish, Bhalla, Paurvi, Bhatt, Soumyadeep, Bhaumik, Zulfiqar, A, Bhutta, Belete, Biadgo, Ali, Bijani, Boris, Bikbov, Charles, Birungi, Stan, Biryukov, Hailemichael, Bizuneh, Ian, W, Bolliger, Kaylin, Bolt, Ibrahim, R, Bou-Orm, Kayvan, Bozorgmehr, Oliver, Jerome, Brady, Alexandra, Brazinova, Nicholas, J, Breitborde, K, Hermann, Brenner, Gabrielle, Britton, Traolach, S, Brugha, Zahid, Butt, A, Lucero, Cahuana-Hurtado, Ismael, Ricardo, Campos-Nonato, Julio, Cesar, Campuzano, Josip, Car, Mate, Car, Rosario, Cárdenas, Juan, Jesus, Carrero, Felix, Carvalho, Carlos, A, Castañeda-Orjuela, Jacqueline, Castillo, Rivas, Ferrán, Catalá-López, Kelly, Cercy, Julian, Chalek, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chang, Aparajita, Chattopadhyay, Pankaj, Chaturvedi, Peggy, Pei-Chia, Chiang, Vesper, Hichilombwe, Chisumpa, Jee-Young, J, Choi, Hanne, Christensen, Devasahayam, Jesudas, Christopher, Sheng-Chia, Chung, Liliana, G, Ciobanu, Cirillo, Massimo, Danny, Colombara, Sara, Conti, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie, Cornaby, Paolo, Angelo, Cortesi, Monica, Cortinovis, Alexandre, Costa, Pereira, Ewerton, Cousin, Michael, H, Criqui, Elizabeth, Cromwell, A, Christopher, Stephen, Crowe, John, Crump, A, Alemneh, Kabeta, Daba, Berihun, Assefa, Dachew, Abel, Fekadu, Dadi, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dandona, Paul, I, Dargan, Ahmad, Daryani, Maryam, Daryani, Jai, Das, Siddharth, Kumar, Das, José, Das, Neves, Nicole, Davis, Weaver, Kairat, Davletov, Barbora, De, Courten, Diego, Leo, De, Jan-Walter, De, Neve, Robert, Dellavalle, P, Gebre, Demoz, Kebede, Deribe, Don, C, Des, Jarlais, Subhojit, Dey, Samath, D, Dharmaratne, Meghnath, Dhimal, Shirin, Djalalinia, David, Teye, Doku, Kate, Dolan, Ray, E, Dorsey, Kadine, Priscila, Bender, Dos, Santos, Kerrie, E, Doyle, Tim, Driscoll, R, Manisha, Dubey, Eleonora, Dubljanin, Bruce, Bartholow, Duncan, Michelle, Echko, Dumessa, Edessa, David, Edvardsson, Joshua, R, Ehrlich, Erika, Eldrenkamp, Ziad, El-Khatib, Matthias, Endres, Aman, Yesuf, Endries, Babak, Eshrati, Sharareh, Eskandarieh, Alireza, Esteghamati, Mahdi, Fakhar, Tamer, Farag, Mahbobeh, Faramarzi, Emerito, Jose, Aquino, Faraon, André, Faro, Farshad, Farzadfar, Adesegun, Fatusi, Mir, Sohail, Fazeli, Valery, Feigin, L, Andrea, B, Feigl, Netsanet, Fentahun, Seyed-Mohammad, Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda, Fernandes, João, C, Fernandes, Daniel, Obadare, Fijabi, Irina, Filip, Florian, Fischer, Christina, Fitzmaurice, Abraham, D, Flaxman, Luisa, Sorio, Flor, Nataliya, Foigt, Kyle, J, Foreman, Joseph, Frostad, J, Thomas, Fürst, Neal, D, Futran, Emmanuela, Gakidou, Silvano, Gallus, Ketevan, Gambashidze, Amiran, Gamkrelidze, Morsaleh, Ganji, Abadi, Kahsu, Gebre, Tsegaye, Tewelde, Gebrehiwot, Amanuel, Tesfay, Gebremedhin, Yalemzewod, Assefa, Gelaw, Johanna, M, Geleijnse, Demeke, Geremew, Peter, W, Gething, Reza, Ghadimi, Khalil, Ghasemi, Falavarjani, Maryam, Ghasemi-Kasman, Paramjit, Singh, Gill, Ababi, Zergaw, Giref, Maurice, Giroud, Melkamu, Dedefo, Gishu, Giorgia, Giussani, William, W, Godwin, Srinivas, Goli, Hector, Gomez-Dantes, Philimon, N, Gona, Amador, Goodridge, Sameer, Vali, Gopalani, Yevgeniy, Goryakin, Alessandra, Carvalho, Goulart, Ayman, Grada, Max, Griswold, Giuseppe, Grosso, Harish, Chander, Gugnani, Yuming, Guo, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gupta, Tarun, Gupta, Vipin, Gupta, Juanita, A, Haagsma, Vladimir, Hachinski, Nima, Hafezi-Nejad, Gessessew, Bugssa, Hailu, Randah, Ribhi, Hamadeh, Samer, Hamidi, Graeme, J, Hankey, Hilda, Harb, L, Heather, C, Harewood, Sivadasanpillai, Harikrishnan, Josep, Maria, Haro, Hamid, Yimam, Hassen, Rasmus, Havmoeller, Caitlin, Hawley, Simon, I, Hay, Jiawei, He, Stephen, J, Hearps, C, Mohamed, I, Hegazy, Behzad, Heibati, Mohsen, Heidari, Delia, Hendrie, Nathaniel, J, Henry, Victor, Hugo, Herrera, Ballesteros, Claudiu, Herteliu, Desalegn, Tsegaw, Hibstu, Molla, Kahssay, Hiluf, Hans, W, Hoek, Enayatollah, Homaie, Rad, Nobuyuki, Horita, Dean, H, Hosgood, Mostafa, Hosseini, Seyed, Reza, Hosseini, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hostiuc, Damian, G, Hoy, Mohamed, Hsairi, Aung, Soe, Htet, Guoqing, Hu, John, J, Huang, Kim, Moesgaard, Iburg, Fachmi, Idris, Ehimario, Uche, Igumbor, Chad, Ikeda, Bogdan, Vasile, Ileanu, Olayinka, Ilesanmi, S, Kaire, Innos, Seyed, Sina, Naghibi, Irvani, Caleb, M, Irvine, S, Farhad, Islami, Troy, A, Jacobs, Kathryn, Jacobsen, H, Nader, Jahanmehr, Rajesh, Jain, Sudhir, Kumar, Jain, Mihajlo, Jakovljevic, M, Moti, Tolera, Jalu, Amr, Jamal, A, Mehdi, Javanbakht, Achala, Upendra, Jayatilleke, Panniyammakal, Jeemon, Ravi, Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Jha, Jacek, Józwiak, Oommen, John, Sarah, Charlotte, Johnson, Jost, Jonas, B, Vasna, Joshua, Mikk, Jürisson, Zubair, Kabir, Rajendra, Kadel, Amaha, Kahsay, Rizwan, Kalani, Chittaranjan, Kar, Marina, Karanikolos, André, Karch, Corine, Kakizi, Karema, Seyed, Karimi, M, Amir, Kasaeian, Dessalegn, Haile, Kassa, Getachew, Mullu, Kassa, Tesfaye, Dessale, Kassa, Nicholas, Kassebaum, J, Srinivasa, Vittal, Katikireddi, Anil, Kaul, Norito, Kawakami, Konstantin, Kazanjan, Seifu, Kebede, Peter, Njenga, Keiyoro, Grant, Rodgers, Kemp, Andre, Pascal, Kengne, Maia, Kereselidze, Ezra, Belay, Ketema, Yousef, Saleh, Khader, Morteza, Abdullatif, Khafaie, Alireza, Khajavi, Ibrahim, A, Khalil, Ejaz, Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khan, Nuruzzaman, Md, Khan, Muhammad, Ali, Khan, Mukti, Nath, Khanal, Young-Ho, Khang, Mona, M, Khater, Abdullah, Tawfih, Abdullah, Khoja, Ardeshir, Khosravi, Jagdish, Khubchandani, Getiye, Dejenu, Kibret, Daniel, Ngari, Kiirithio, Daniel, Kim, Yun, Jin, Kim, Ruth, Kimokoti, W, Yohannes, Kinfu, Sanjay, Kinra, Adnan, Kisa, Niranjan, Kissoon, Sonali, Kochhar, Yoshihiro, Kokubo, Jacek, A, Kopec, Soewarta, Kosen, Parvaiz, A, Koul, Koyanagi, Ai, Michael, Kravchenko, Kewal, Krishan, Kristopher, J, Krohn, Barthelemy, Kuate, Defo, Anil, G, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kumar, Michael, Kutz, Igor, Kuzin, Hmwe, H, Kyu, Deepesh, Pravinkumar, Lad, Alessandra, Lafranconi, Dharmesh, Kumar, Lal, Ratilal, Lalloo, Hilton, Lam, Qing, Lan, Justin, J, Lang, Van, Lansingh, C, Sonia, Lansky, Anders, Larsson, Arman, Latifi, Jeffrey, Victor, Lazarus, Janet, Leasher, L, Paul, H, Lee, Yirga, Legesse, James, Leigh, Cheru, Tesema, Leshargie, Samson, Leta, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Leung, Miriam, Levi, Yongmei, Li, Juan, Liang, Misgan, Legesse, Liben, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen, S, Lim, Margaret, Lind, Shai, Linn, Stefan, Listl, Patrick, Y, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Rakesh, Lodha, Alan, D, Lopez, Scott, Lorch, A, Stefan, Lorkowski, Paulo, A, Lotufo, Timothy, C, D, Lucas, Raimundas, Lunevicius, Grégoire, Lurton, Ronan, A, Lyons, Fadi, Maalouf, Erlyn, Rachelle, King, Macarayan, Mark, T, Mackay, Emilie, Maddison, R, Fabiana, Madotto, Hassan, Magdy, Abd, El, Razek, Mohammed, Magdy, Abd, Razek, El, Marek, Majdan, Reza, Majdzadeh, Azeem, Majeed, Reza, Malekzadeh, Rajesh, Malhotra, Deborah, Carvalho, Malta, Abdullah, Mamun, A, Helena, Manguerra, Treh, Manhertz, Mohammad, Ali, Mansournia, Lorenzo, Mantovani, G, Tsegahun, Manyazewal, Chabila, C, Mapoma, Christopher, Margono, Jose, Martinez-Raga, Sheila, Cristina, Ouriques, Martins, Francisco, Rogerlândio, Martins-Melo, Ira, Martopullo, Winfried, März, Benjamin, Ballard, Massenburg, Manu, Raj, Mathur, Pallab, K, Maulik, Mohsen, Mazidi, Colm, Mcalinden, Mcgrath, Martin, Mckee, Suresh, Mehata, Ravi, Mehrotra, Kala, M, Mehta, Varshil, Mehta, Toni, Meier, Fabiola, Mejia-Rodriguez, Kidanu, Gebremariam, Meles, Mulugeta, Melku, Peter, Memiah, Ziad, A, Memish, Walter, Mendoza, Degu, Abate, Mengiste, Desalegn, Tadese, Mengistu, Bereket, Gebremichael, Menota, George, Mensah, A, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo, J, Meretoja, Haftay, Berhane, Mezgebe, Tomasz, Miazgowski, Renata, Micha, Robert, Milam, Anoushka, Millear, Ted, R, Miller, Mini, Gk, Shawn, Minnig, Andreea, Mirica, Erkin, M, Mirrakhimov, Awoke, Misganaw, Philip, B, Mitchell, Fitsum, Weldegebreal, Mlashu, Babak, Moazen, Karzan, Abdulmuhsin, Mohammad, Roghayeh, Mohammadibakhsh, Ebrahim, Mohammed, Mohammed, A, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohammed, Ali, H, Mokdad, Glen, Liddell, D, Mola, Mariam, Molokhia, Fatemeh, Momeniha, Lorenzo, Monasta, Julio, Cesar, Montañez, Hernandez, Mahmood, Moosazadeh, Maziar, Moradi-Lakeh, Paula, Moraga, Lidia, Morawska, Ilais, Moreno, Velasquez, Rintaro, Mori, Shane, D, Morrison, Mark, Moses, Seyyed, Meysam, Mousavi, Ulrich, Mueller, O, Manoj, Murhekar, Gudlavalleti, Venkata, Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Murthy, Jonah, Musa, Kamarul, Imran, Musa, Ghulam, Mustafa, Saravanan, Muthupandian, Chie, Nagata, Gabriele, Nagel, Mohsen, Naghavi, Aliya, Naheed, Gurudatta, A, Naik, Nitish, Naik, Farid, Najafi, Luigi, Naldi, Vinay, Nangia, Jobert, Richie, Njingang, Nansseu, K, M, Venkat, Narayan, Bruno, Ramos, Nascimento, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra, Irina, Negoi, Charles, Newton, R, Josephine, Wanjiku, Ngunjiri, Grant, Nguyen, Long, Nguyen, Trang, Huyen, Nguyen, Emma, Nichols, Dina, Nur, Anggraini, Ningrum, Ellen, Nolte, Vuong, Minh, Nong, Ole, Norheim, F, Norrving, Bo, Jean, Jacques, Noubiap, N, Alypio, Nyandwi, Carla, Makhlouf, Obermeyer, Richard, Ofori-Asenso, Felix, Akpojene, Ogbo, In-Hwan, Oh, Olanrewaju, Oladimeji, Andrew, Toyin, Olagunju, Tinuke, Oluwasefunmi, Olagunju, Pedro, R, Olivares, Patricia, Pereira, Vasconcelos, Oliveira, De, Helen, E, Olsen, Bolajoko, Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob, Olusegun, Olusanya, Kanyin, Ong, John, Nelson, Opio, Eyal, Oren, Doris, V, Ortega-Altamirano, Alberto, Ortiz, Raziye, Ozdemir, Mahesh, Pa, Amanda, W, Pain, Marcos, Roberto, Tovani, Palone, Adrian, Pana, Songhomitra, Panda-Jonas, Jeyaraj, D, Pandian, Eun-Kee, Park, Hadi, Parsian, Tejas, Patel, Sanghamitra, Pati, Snehal, T, Patil, Ajay, Patle, George, C, Patton, Vishnupriya, Rao, Paturi, Deepak, Paudel, Marcel, De, Moares, Pedroso, Sandra, P, Pedroza, David, Pereira, M, Norberto, Perico, Hannah, Peterson, Max, Petzold, Niloofar, Peykari, Michael, Robert, Phillips, Frédéric, Piel, B, David, M, Pigott, Julian, David, Pillay, Michael, A, Piradov, Suzanne, Polinder, Constance, D, Pond, Maarten, Postma, J, Farshad, Pourmalek, Swayam, Prakash, Prakash, V, Narayan, Prasad, Noela, Marie, Prasad, Caroline, Purcell, Mostafa, Qorbani, Hedley, Knewjen, Quintana, Amir, Radfar, Anwar, Rafay, Alireza, Rafiei, Kazem, Rahimi, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahimi-Movaghar, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Muhammad, Aziz, Rahman, Sajjad, Rahman, Ur, Rajesh, Kumar, Rai, Sree, Bhushan, Raju, Usha, Ram, Saleem, M, Rana, Zane, Rankin, Davide, Rasella, David, Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawaf, Sarah, E, Ray, Christian, Aspacia, Razo-García, Priscilla, Reddy, Robert, C, Reiner, Cesar, Reis, Marissa, B, Reitsma, Giuseppe, Remuzzi, Andre, M, Renzaho, N, Serge, Resnikoff, Satar, Rezaei, Mohammad, Sadegh, Rezai, Antonio, Ribeiro, L, Maria, Jesus, Rios, 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Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayalew, Animut Alebel, Ayele, Henok Tadesse, Ayer, Rakesh, Ayuk, Tambe Betrand, Azzopardi, Peter, Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Amitava, Banstola, Amrit, Barber, Ryan M., Barboza, Miguel A., Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Bärnighausen, Till, Barquera, Simon, Barrero, Lope H., Bassat, Quique, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T., Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Belay, Saba Abraham, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, Bell, Michelle L., Bello, Aminu K., Bennett, Derrick A., Bennett, James R., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhe, Derbew Fikadu, Bernabé, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert Steven, Beuran, Mircea, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhatt, Paurvi, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Bori, Birungi, Charle, Biryukov, Stan, Bizuneh, Hailemichael, Bolliger, Ian W., Bolt, Kaylin, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R., Bozorgmehr, Kayvan, Brady, Oliver Jerome, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J.K., Brenner, Hermann, Britton, Gabrielle, Brugha, Traolach S., Butt, Zahid A., Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Car, Josip, Car, Mate, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesu, Carvalho, Felix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cercy, Kelly, Chalek, Julian, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chattopadhyay, Aparajita, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young J., Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesuda, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Colombara, Danny, Conti, Sara, Cooper, Cyru, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Cortinovis, Monica, Costa Pereira, Alexandre, Cousin, Ewerton, Criqui, Michael H., Cromwell, Elizabeth A., Crowe, Christopher Stephen, Crump, John A., Daba, Alemneh Kabeta, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I., Daryani, Ahmad, Daryani, Maryam, Das, Jai, Das, Siddharth Kumar, Das Neves, José, Davis Weaver, Nicole, Davletov, Kairat, De Courten, Barbora, De Leo, Diego, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Dellavalle, Robert P., Demoz, Gebre, Deribe, Kebede, Des Jarlais, Don C., Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dhimal, Meghnath, Djalalinia, Shirin, Doku, David Teye, Dolan, Kate, Dorsey, E. Ray, Dos Santos, Kadine Priscila Bender, Doyle, Kerrie E., Driscoll, Tim R., Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Echko, Michelle, Edessa, Dumessa, Edvardsson, David, Ehrlich, Joshua R., Eldrenkamp, Erika, El-Khatib, Ziad, Endres, Matthia, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fakhar, Mahdi, Farag, Tamer, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Faro, André, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fatusi, Adesegun, Fazeli, Mir Sohail, Feigin, Valery L., Feigl, Andrea B., Fentahun, Netsanet, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fernandes, João C., Fijabi, Daniel Obadare, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Flaxman, Abraham D., Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J., Frostad, Joseph J., Fürst, Thoma, Futran, Neal D., Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gallus, Silvano, Gambashidze, Ketevan, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Ganji, Morsaleh, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Geremew, Demeke, Gething, Peter W., Ghadimi, Reza, Ghasemi Falavarjani, Khalil, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Giussani, Giorgia, Godwin, William W., Goli, Sriniva, Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon N., Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goryakin, Yevgeniy, Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho, Grada, Ayman, Griswold, Max, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gupta, Tarun, Gupta, Vipin, Haagsma, Juanita A., Hachinski, Vladimir, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hankey, Graeme J., Harb, Hilda L., Harewood, Heather C., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmu, Hawley, Caitlin, Hay, Simon I., He, Jiawei, Hearps, Stephen J.C., Hegazy, Mohamed I., Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Mohsen, Hendrie, Delia, Henry, Nathaniel J., Herrera Ballesteros, Victor Hugo, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw, Hiluf, Molla Kahssay, Hoek, Hans W., Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseini, Seyed Reza, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J., Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idris, Fachmi, Igumbor, Ehimario Uche, Ikeda, Chad, Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, Ilesanmi, Olayinka S., Innos, Kaire, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb M.S., Islami, Farhad, Jacobs, Troy A., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jain, Rajesh, Jain, Sudhir Kumar, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo M., Jalu, Moti Tolera, Jamal, Amr A., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Józwiak, Jacek, John, Oommen, Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, Jonas, Jost B., Joshua, Vasna, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalani, Rizwan, Kar, Chittaranjan, Karanikolos, Marina, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimi, Seyed M., Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Dessalegn Haile, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Kebede, Seifu, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Grant Rodger, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kereselidze, Maia, Ketema, Ezra Belay, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khajavi, Alireza, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khan, Muhammad Ali, Khanal, Mukti Nath, Khang, Young-Ho, Khater, Mona M., Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, Kiirithio, Daniel Ngari, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinfu, Yohanne, Kinra, Sanjay, Kisa, Adnan, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kochhar, Sonali, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kopec, Jacek A., Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kristopher J., Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kumar, G. Anil, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kutz, Michael, Kuzin, Igor, Kyu, Hmwe H., Lad, Deepesh Pravinkumar, Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Lang, Justin J., Lansingh, Van C., Lansky, Sonia, Larsson, Ander, Latifi, Arman, Lazarus, Jeffrey Victor, Leasher, Janet L., Lee, Paul H., Legesse, Yirga, Leigh, Jame, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Leta, Samson, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Juan, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen S., Lind, Margaret, Linn, Shai, Listl, Stefan, Liu, Patrick Y., Liu, Shiwei, Lodha, Rakesh, Lopez, Alan D., Lorch, Scott A., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lucas, Timothy C.D., Lunevicius, Raimunda, Lurton, Grégoire, Lyons, Ronan A., Maalouf, Fadi, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Mackay, Mark T., Maddison, Emilie R., Madotto, Fabiana, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manguerra, Helena, Manhertz, Treh, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo G., Manyazewal, Tsegahun, Mapoma, Chabila C., Margono, Christopher, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins, Sheila Cristina Ourique, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Martopullo, Ira, März, Winfried, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mathur, Manu Raj, Maulik, Pallab K., Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Mehata, Suresh, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehta, Kala M., Mehta, Varshil, Meier, Toni, Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, Melku, Mulugeta, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mengiste, Degu Abate, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Menota, Bereket Gebremichael, Mensah, George A., Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Micha, Renata, Milam, Robert, Millear, Anoushka, Miller, Ted R., Mini, G.K., Minnig, Shawn, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Misganaw, Awoke, Mitchell, Philip B., Mlashu, Fitsum Weldegebreal, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh, Mohammed, Ebrahim, Mohammed, Mohammed A., Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H., Mola, Glen Liddell D., Molokhia, Mariam, Momeniha, Fatemeh, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montañez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Moreno Velasquez, Ilai, Mori, Rintaro, Morrison, Shane D., Moses, Mark, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mueller, Ulrich O., Murhekar, Manoj, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Sriniva, Musa, Jonah, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nagata, Chie, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Naik, Gurudatta A., Naik, Nitish, Najafi, Farid, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie Njingang, Narayan, K.M. Venkat, Nascimento, Bruno Ramo, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Newton, Charles R., Ngunjiri, Josephine Wanjiku, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Long, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nolte, Ellen, Nong, Vuong Minh, Norheim, Ole F., Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N., Nyandwi, Alypio, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi, Olivares, Pedro R., De Oliveira, Patricia Pereira Vasconcelo, Olsen, Helen E., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Kanyin, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V., Ortiz, Alberto, Ozdemir, Raziye, Pa, Mahesh, Pain, Amanda W., Palone, Marcos Roberto Tovani, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandian, Jeyaraj D., Park, Eun-Kee, Parsian, Hadi, Patel, Teja, Pati, Sanghamitra, Patil, Snehal T., Patle, Ajay, Patton, George C., Paturi, Vishnupriya Rao, Paudel, Deepak, De Moares Pedroso, Marcel, Pedroza, Sandra P., Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Peterson, Hannah, Petzold, Max, Peykari, Niloofar, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frédéric B., Pigott, David M., Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A., Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D., Postma, Maarten J., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prakash, Swayam, Prakash, V., Prasad, Narayan, Prasad, Noela Marie, Purcell, Caroline, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quintana, Hedley Knewjen, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Raju, Sree Bhushan, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M., Rankin, Zane, Rasella, Davide, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Ray, Sarah E., Razo-García, Christian Aspacia, Reddy, Priscilla, Reiner, Robert C., Reis, Cesar, Reitsma, Marissa B., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M.N., Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Rios Blancas, 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Sd, Aljunid, Sm, Alomari, Ma, Altirkawi, Ka, Amare, At, Amoako, Ya, Andrei, Cl, Antonio, Cat, Araújo, Vem, Aryal, Kk, Asfaw, Et, Asgedom, Sw, Asghar, Rj, Ashebir, Mm, Asseffa, Na, Atey, Tm, Atre, Sr, Avokpaho, Efga, Ayala Quintanilla, Bp, Ayalew, Aa, Ayele, Ht, Ayuk, Tb, Babalola, Tk, Barber, Rm, Barboza, Ma, Barker-Collo, Sl, Barrero, Lh, Baune, Bt, Bekele, Bb, Belachew, Ab, Belay, Sa, Belay, Ya, Bell, Ml, Bello, Ak, Bennett, Da, Bennett, Jr, Bensenor, Im, Berhe, Df, Bhutta, Za, Bolliger, Iw, Bou-Orm, Ir, Brady, Oj, Breitborde, Njk, Butt, Za, Campos-Nonato, Ir, Campuzano, Jc, Carrero, Jj, Castañeda-Orjuela, Ca, Chang, Hy, Chang, Jc, Chiang, Pp, Chisumpa, Vh, Choi, Jj, Christopher, Dj, Chung, Sc, Ciobanu, Lg, Cortesi, Pa, Criqui, Mh, Cromwell, Ea, Crump, Ja, Daba, Ak, Dachew, Ba, Dadi, Af, Dargan, Pi, Das, Sk, De Neve, Jw, Dellavalle, Rp, Des Jarlais, Dc, Dharmaratne, Sd, Doku, Dt, Dorsey, Er, Dos Santos, Kpb, Doyle, Ke, Driscoll, Tr, Duncan, Bb, Ehrlich, Jr, El-Khatib, Zz, Endries, Ay, Faraon, Eja, Feigin, Vl, Feigl, Ab, Fereshtehnejad, Sm, Fernandes, Jc, Fijabi, Do, Flaxman, Ad, Foreman, Kj, Frostad, Jj, Futran, Nd, Gebre, Ak, Gebrehiwot, Tt, Gebremedhin, At, Gelaw, Ya, Geleijnse, Jm, Gething, Pw, Giref, Az, Gishu, Md, Godwin, Ww, Gona, Pn, Gopalani, Sv, Goulart, Ac, Gugnani, Hc, Haagsma, Ja, Hailu, Gb, Hamadeh, Rr, Hankey, Gj, Harb, Hl, Harewood, Hc, Haro, Jm, Hassen, Hy, Hay, Si, Hearps, Sjc, Hegazy, Mi, Henry, Nj, Herrera Ballesteros, Vh, Hibstu, Dt, Hiluf, Mk, Hoek, Hw, Hosgood, Hd, Hosseini, Sr, Hoy, Dg, Huang, Jj, Iburg, Km, Igumbor, Eu, Ileanu, Bv, Irvani, Ssn, Irvine, Cm, Jacobs, Ta, Jacobsen, Kh, Jain, Sk, Jakovljevic, Mb, Jalu, Mt, Jamal, Aa, Jayatilleke, Au, Jha, Rp, Johnson, Sc, Jonas, Jb, Karema, Ck, Karimi, Sm, Kassa, Dh, Kassa, Gm, Kassa, Td, Kassebaum, Nj, Katikireddi, Sv, Keiyoro, Pn, Kemp, Gr, Kengne, Ap, Ketema, Eb, Khafaie, Ma, Khalil, Ia, Khan, Ea, Khan, Mn, Khan, Ma, Khanal, Mn, Khang, Yh, Khater, Mm, Khoja, Ata, Kibret, Gd, Kiirithio, Dn, Kim, Yj, Kimokoti, Rw, Kopec, Ja, Koul, Pa, Krohn, Kj, Kumar, Ga, Kyu, Hh, Lad, Dp, Lal, Dk, Lang, Jj, Lansingh, Vc, Lazarus, Jv, Leasher, Jl, Lee, Ph, Leshargie, Ct, Liben, Ml, Lim, Ll, Lopez, Ad, Lorch, Sa, Lotufo, Pa, Lucas, Tcd, Lyons, Ra, Macarayan, Erk, Mackay, Mt, Maddison, Er, Malta, Dc, Mamun, Aa, Mansournia, Ma, Mantovani, Lg, Mapoma, Cc, Martins, Sco, Martins-Melo, Fr, Massenburg, Bb, Mathur, Mr, Maulik, Pk, Mcgrath, Jj, Mehta, Km, Meles, Kg, Memish, Za, Mengiste, Da, Mengistu, Dt, Menota, Bg, Mensah, Ga, Meretoja, Tj, Mezgebe, Hb, Miller, Tr, Mini, Gk, Mirrakhimov, Em, Mitchell, Pb, Mlashu, Fw, Mohammad, Ka, Mohammed, Ma, Mokdad, Ah, Mola, Gl, Montañez Hernandez, Jc, Morrison, Sd, Mousavi, Sm, Mueller, Uo, Murthy, Gv, Musa, Ki, Naik, Ga, Nansseu, Jrn, Narayan, Kv, Nascimento, Br, Negoi, Ri, Newton, Cr, Ngunjiri, Jw, Nguyen, Th, Ningrum, Dna, Nong, Vm, Norheim, Of, Noubiap, Jjn, Obermeyer, Cm, Ogbo, Fa, Oh, Ih, Olagunju, At, Olagunju, To, Olivares, Pr, Oliveira, Ppv, Olsen, He, Olusanya, Bo, Olusanya, Jo, Opio, Jn, Ortega-Altamirano, Dv, Pain, Aw, Palone, Mrt, Pandian, Jd, Park, Ek, Patil, St, Patton, Gc, Paturi, Vr, Pedroso, Mm, Pedroza, Sp, Pereira, Dm, Phillips, Mr, Piel, Fb, Pigott, Dm, Pillay, Jd, Piradov, Ma, Pond, Cd, Postma, Mj, Prasad, Nm, Quintana, Hk, Rahman, Ma, Rahman, Su, Rai, Rk, Raju, Sb, Rana, Sm, Rawaf, Dl, Ray, Se, Razo-García, Ca, Reiner, Rc, Reitsma, Mb, Renzaho, Amn, Ribeiro, Al, Rios Blancas, Mj, Rivera, Ja, Roth, Ga, Ruhago, Gm, Sabde, Yd, Sahraian, Ma, Saldanha, Rf, Salomon, Ja, Samy, Am, Sanabria, Jr, Sancheti, Pk, Sanchez-Niño, Md, Santric Milicevic, Mm, Sarker, Ar, Saylan, Mi, Schmidt, Mi, Schneider, Ijc, Schumacher, Ae, Schutte, Ae, Schwebel, Dc, Sepanlou, Sg, Servan-Mori, Ee, Shaikh, Ma, Shariful Islam, Sm, Shfare, Mt, Shrime, Mg, Shukla, Sr, Sigfusdottir, Id, Silberberg, Dh, Silva, Da, Silva, Jp, Silveira, Dga, Singh, Ja, Singh, Np, Sinha, Dn, Sinke, Ah, Soares Filho, Am, Sobaih, Bha, Sorensen, Rjd, Soriano, Jb, Soyiri, In, Sposato, La, Sreeramareddy, Ct, Stanaway, Jd, Stein, Dj, Stokes, Ma, Sufiyan, Mb, Suliankatchi, Ra, Sunguya, Bf, Sur, Pj, Sykes, Bl, Sylaja, Pn, Tadakamadla, Sk, Tadesse, Ah, Taffere, Gr, Tariku, At, Temsah, Mh, Tesema, Ag, Tesfaye, Dj, Thompson, Mj, To, Qg, Tran, Bx, Tran, Kb, Tripathy, Sp, Tuem, Kb, Ukwaja, Kn, Uthman, Oa, Uzochukwu, Bsc, Valdez, Pr, van Boven, Jfm, Vladimirov, Sk, Vlassov, Vv, Vollset, Se, Wallin, Mt, Walson, Jl, Wang, Yp, Wassie, Mm, Weaver, Mr, Weintraub, Rg, Weldegwergs, Kg, West, Te, White, Rg, Whiteford, Ha, Wolfe, Cd, Wondimkun, Ya, Wyper, Gma, Yan, Ll, Yimer, Nb, Yirsaw, Bd, Yoon, Sj, Younis, Mz, Zaki, Me, Zaman, Sb, Zenebe, Zm, Zimsen, Srm, Zuhlke, Lj, Murray, Cjl, and Lozano, R.
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Peformance ,Coverage ,Dánartíðni ,Lífslíkur ,Life expectancy ,GBD ,Background A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016. Methods Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best) ,universal health coverage ,Article ,access quality health care ,health care access and quality index ,Nations ,Healthcare Acce ,Cause-specific mortality ,Psychology ,Healthcare Access and Quality Index ,Mælitæki ,States ,Medicine (all) ,Health care ,Þjóðir ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology ,Quality ,Heilbrigðisþjónusta ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,Sálfræði ,Indicator ,Amenable mortality ,Transition ,we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0–100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary measure of overall development. As derived from the broader GBD study and other data sources, we examined relationships between national HAQ Index scores and potential correlates of performance, such as total health spending per capita. Findings In 2016, HAQ Index performance spanned from a high of 97·1 (95% UI 95·8–98·1) in Iceland, followed by 96·6 (94·9–97·9) in Norway and 96·1 (94·5–97·3) in the Netherlands, to values as low as 18·6 (13·1–24·4) in the Central African Republic, 19·0 (14·3–23·7) in Somalia, and 23·4 (20·2–26·8) in Guinea-Bissau. The pace of progress achieved between 1990 and 2016 varied, with markedly faster improvements occurring between 2000 and 2016 for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia, whereas several countries in Latin America and elsewhere saw progress stagnate after experiencing considerable advances in the HAQ Index between 1990 and 2000. Striking subnational disparities emerged in personal health-care access and quality, with China and India having particularly large gaps between locations with the highest and lowest scores in 2016. In China, performance ranged from 91·5 (89·1–93·6) in Beijing to 48·0 (43·4–53·2) in Tibet (a 43·5-point difference), while India saw a 30·8-point disparity, from 64·8 (59·6–68·8) in Goa to 34·0 (30·3–38·1) in Assam. Japan recorded the smallest range in subnational HAQ performance in 2016 (a 4·8-point difference), whereas differences between subnational locations with the highest and lowest HAQ Index values were more than two times as high for the USA and three times as high for England. State-level gaps in the HAQ Index in Mexico somewhat narrowed from 1990 to 2016 (from a 20·9-point to 17·0-point difference), whereas in Brazil, disparities slightly increased across states during this time (a 17·2-point to 20·4-point difference). Performance on the HAQ Index showed strong linkages to overall development, with high and high-middle SDI countries generally having higher scores and faster gains for non-communicable diseases. Nonetheless, countries across the development spectrum saw substantial gains in some key health service areas from 2000 to 2016, most notably vaccine-preventable diseases. Overall, national performance on the HAQ Index was positively associated with higher levels of total health spending per capita, as well as health systems inputs, but these relationships were quite heterogeneous, particularly among low-to-middle SDI countries. Interpretation GBD 2016 provides a more detailed understanding of past success and current challenges in improving personal health-care access and quality worldwide. Despite substantial gains since 2000, many low-SDI and middle-SDI countries face considerable challenges unless heightened policy action and investments focus on advancing access to and quality of health care across key health services, especially non-communicable diseases. Stagnating or minimal improvements experienced by several low-middle to high-middle SDI countries could reflect the complexities of re-orienting both primary and secondary health-care services beyond the more limited foci of the Millennium Development Goals. Alongside initiatives to strengthen public health programmes, the pursuit of universal health coverage hinges upon improving both access and quality worldwide, and thus requires adopting a more comprehensive view—and subsequent provision—of quality health care for all populations ,Trends ,Inequalities - Abstract
Background A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016. Methods Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best); we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0-100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary measure of overall development. As derived from the broader GBD study and other data sources, we examined relationships between national HAQ Index scores and potential correlates of performance, such as total health spending per capita. Findings In 2016, HAQ Index performance spanned from a high of 97.1 (95% UI 95.8-98.1) in Iceland, followed by 96.6 (94.9-97.9) in Norway and 96.1 (94.5-97.3) in the Netherlands, to values as low as 18.6 (13.1-24.4) in the Central African Republic, 19.0 (14.3-23.7) in Somalia, and 23.4 (20.2-26.8) in Guinea-Bissau. The pace of progress achieved between 1990 and 2016 varied, with markedly faster improvements occurring between 2000 and 2016 for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia, whereas several countries in Latin America and elsewhere saw progress stagnate after experiencing considerable advances in the HAQ Index between 1990 and 2000. Striking subnational disparities emerged in personal health-care access and quality, with China and India having particularly large gaps between locations with the highest and lowest scores in 2016. In China, performance ranged from 91.5 (89.1-936) in Beijing to 48.0 (43.4-53.2) in Tibet (a 43.5-point difference), while India saw a 30.8-point disparity, from 64.8 (59.6-68.8) in Goa to 34.0 (30.3-38.1) in Assam. Japan recorded the smallest range in subnational HAQ performance in 2016 (a 4.8-point difference), whereas differences between subnational locations with the highest and lowest HAQ Index values were more than two times as high for the USA and three times as high for England. State-level gaps in the HAQ Index in Mexico somewhat narrowed from 1990 to 2016 (from a 20.9-point to 17.0-point difference), whereas in Brazil, disparities slightly increased across states during this time (a 17.2-point to 20.4-point difference). Performance on the HAQ Index showed strong linkages to overall development, with high and high-middle SDI countries generally having higher scores and faster gains for non-communicable diseases. Nonetheless, countries across the development spectrum saw substantial gains in some key health service areas from 2000 to 2016, most notably vaccine-preventable diseases. Overall, national performance on the HAQ Index was positively associated with higher levels of total health spending per capita, as well as health systems inputs, but these relationships were quite heterogeneous, particularly among low-to-middle SDI countries. Interpretation GBD 2016 provides a more detailed understanding of past success and current challenges in improving personal health-care access and quality worldwide. Despite substantial gains since 2000, many low-SDI and middle-SDI countries face considerable challenges unless heightened policy action and investments focus on advancing access to and quality of health care across key health services, especially non-communicable diseases. Stagnating or minimal improvements experienced by several low-middle to high-middle SDI countries could reflect the complexities of re-orienting both primary and secondary health-care services beyond the more limited foci of the Millennium Development Goals. Alongside initiatives to strengthen public health programmes, the pursuit of universal health coverage upon improving both access and quality worldwide, and thus requires adopting a more comprehensive view and subsequent provision of quality health care for all populations., Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Barbora de Courten is supported by a National Heart Foundation Future Leader Fellowship (100864). Ai Koyanagi’s work is supported by the Miguel Servet contract financed by the CP13/00150 and PI15/00862 projects, integrated into the National R + D + I and funded by the ISCIII —General Branch Evaluation and Promotion of Health Research—and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF-FEDER). Alberto Ortiz was supported by Spanish Government (Instituto de Salud Carlos III RETIC REDINREN RD16/0019 FEDER funds). Ashish Awasthi acknowledges funding support from Department of Science and Technology, Government of India through INSPIRE Faculty scheme Boris Bikbov has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 703226. Boris Bikbov acknowledges that work related to this paper has been done on the behalf of the GBD Genitourinary Disease Expert Group. Panniyammakal Jeemon acknowledges support from the clinical and public health intermediate fellowship from the Wellcome Trust and Department of Biotechnology, India Alliance (2015–20). Job F M van Boven was supported by the Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology of the University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Netherlands. Olanrewaju Oladimeji is an African Research Fellow hosted by Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), South Africa and he also has honorary affiliations with Walter Sisulu University (WSU), Eastern Cape, South Africa and School of Public Health, University of Namibia (UNAM), Namibia. He is indeed grateful for support from HSRC, WSU and UNAM. EUI is supported in part by the South African National Research Foundation (NRF UID: 86003). Ulrich Mueller acknowledges funding by the German National Cohort Study grant No 01ER1511/D, Gabrielle B Britton is supported by Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación and Sistema Nacional de Investigación de Panamá. Giuseppe Remuzzi acknowledges that the work related to this paper has been done on behalf of the GBD Genitourinary Disease Expert Group. Behzad Heibati would like to acknowledge Air pollution Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran. Syed Aljunid acknowledges the National University of Malaysia for providing the approval to participate in this GBD Project. Azeem Majeed and Imperial College London are grateful for support from the Northwest London National Insititute of Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research & Care. Tambe Ayuk acknowledges the Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies for office space provided. José das Neves was supported in his contribution to this work by a Fellowship from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal (SFRH/BPD/92934/2013). João Fernandes gratefully acknowledges funding from FCT–Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (grant number UID/Multi/50016/2013). Jan-Walter De Neve was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Kebede Deribe is funded by a Wellcome Trust Intermediate Fellowship in Public Health and Tropical Medicine (201900). Kazem Rahimi was supported by grants from the Oxford Martin School, the NIHR Oxford BRC and the RCUK Global Challenges Research Fund. Laith J Abu-Raddad acknowledges the support of Qatar National Research Fund (NPRP 9-040-3-008) who provided the main funding for generating the data provided to the GBD-IHME effort. Liesl Zuhlke is funded by the national research foundation of South Africa and the Medical Research Council of South Africa. Monica Cortinovis acknowledges that work related to this paper has been done on the behalf of the GBD Genitourinary Disease Expert Group. Chuanhua Yu acknowleges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 81773552 and grant number 81273179) Norberto Perico acknowledges that work related to this paper has been done on behalf of the GBD Genitourinary Disease Expert Group. Charles Shey Wiysonge’s work is supported by the South African Medical Research Council and the National Research Foundation of South Africa (grant numbers 106035 and 108571). John J McGrath is supported by grant APP1056929 from the John Cade Fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council and the Danish National Research Foundation (Niels Bohr Professorship). Quique Bassat is an ICREA (Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies) research professor at ISGlobal. Richard G White is funded by the UK MRC and the UK Department for International Development (DFID) under the MRC/DFID Concordat agreement that is also part of the EDCTP2 programme supported by the European Union (MR/P002404/1), the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (TB Modelling and Analysis Consortium: OPP1084276/OPP1135288, CORTIS: OPP1137034/OPP1151915, Vaccines: OPP1160830), and UNITAID (4214-LSHTM-Sept15; PO 8477-0-600). Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos was supported in part by grant number PROMETEOII/2015/021 from Generalitat Valenciana and the national grant PI17/00719 from ISCIII-FEDER. Mihajlo Jakovljevic acknowleges contribution from the Serbian Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (grant OI 175 014). Shariful Islam is funded by a Senior Fellowship from Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University and received career transition grants from High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia. Sonia Saxena is funded by various grants from the NIHR. Stefanos Tyrovolas was supported by the Foundation for Education and European Culture, the Sara Borrell postdoctoral program (reference number CD15/00019 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII–Spain) and the Fondos Europeo de Desarrollo Regional. Stefanos was awarded with a 6 months visiting fellowship funding at IHME from M-AES (reference no. MV16/00035 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III). S Vittal Katikreddi was funded by a NHS Research Scotland Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02), the MRC (MC_UU_12017/13 & MC_ UU_12017/15) and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU13 & SPHSU15). Traolach S Brugha has received funding from NHS Digital UK to collect data used in this study. The work of Hamid Badali was financially supported by Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. The work of Stefan Lorkowski is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (nutriCARD, Grant agreement number 01EA1411A). Mariam Molokhia’s research was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. We also thank the countless individuals who have contributed to GBD 2016 in various capacities.
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- 2018
15. «Se nos desconoce y se nos ignora como país turístico». El problema de la propaganda turística en Chile entre 1929 y 1959
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Vidal Olivares, Patricia, primary
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- 2019
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16. Equipo técnico del juzgado de menores : memoria de prácticas
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Ortells Olivares, Patricia, Universitat Jaume I. Departament de Psicologia Evolutiva, Educativa, Social i Metodologia, and Villanueva Badenes, Lidón
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Justícia de menors ,Menores infractores ,Tribunals de menors ,Màster Universitari en Intervenció i Mediació Familiar ,Máster Universitario en Intervención y Mediación Familiar ,Master's Degree in Family Intervention and Mediation ,Tribunal de menores - Abstract
Treball Final de Màster Universitari en Intervenció i Mediació Familiar (Pla de 2014). Codi: SBD016. Curs: 2013/2014 En el presente trabajo se describe cómo trabaja el Equipo Técnico del Juzgado de Menores, qué funciones tiene y se profundiza sobre la conciliación que se lleva a cabo como medida extrajudicial en jóvenes infractores.
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- 2014
17. Inhibición del SGLT-2 en el riñón: bases biológicas y evidencia clínica de los nuevos fármacos antidiabéticos.
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Vélez, Bagner, Soto, Paola, Chafla, María Augusta, Venegas, Karen, Bautista, Enrique, Olivar, Luis, Olivares, Patricia, and González, Robys
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- 2018
18. Efectos pleiotrópicos de los inhibidores del SGLT-2 en la salud cardiometabólica de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
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Ortiz, Rina, Garcés Ortega, Juan Pablo, Narváez Pillco, Viviana Faviola, Rodríguez Torres, Diego Andrés, Maldonado Piña, Jery Estefano, Carlos Olivar, Luis, Olivares, Patricia, and Castro Flores, Maria Cristina
- Abstract
Copyright of Síndrome Cardiometabólico is the property of Sindrome Cardiometabolico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2018
19. Frecuencia y pesquisa de síntomas en pacientes crónicos en fases avanzadas en un hospital clínico: ¿Existe concordancia entre pacientes y médicos?
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Palma, Alejandra, del Río, Ignacia, Bonati, Pilar, Tupper, Laura, Villarroel, Luis, Olivares, Patricia, and Nervi, Flavio
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Depression ,Delirium ,Anxiety ,Chronic disease - Abstract
Physicians tend to over or underestimate symptoms reported by patients. Therefore standardized symptom scoring systems have been proposed to overcome this drawback. Aim: To estimate the prevalence and the diagnostic accuracy of physical and psychological symptoms and delirium in patients admitted to an internal medicine service at a university hospital. Material and Methods: We studied 58 patients, 45 with metastasic cancer and 13 with other advanced chronic diseases. The following scales were used: the Confusion Assessment Method for the diagnosis of delirium; the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) for pain and other physical symptoms; the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to assess anxiety and depression. The ESAS was simultaneously applied to patients without delirium and their doctors to assess the level of diagnostic concordance. Results: Twenty two percent of patients had delirium. Among the 45 patients without delirium, 11 (25%) had at least eight symptoms and 39 (88.6%) had four symptoms. The prevalence of symptoms was very high, ranging from 22 to 78%. Pain, restlesness, anorexia and sleep disorders were the most common. The concordance between symptoms reported by patients and those recorded by doctor was very low, with a Kappa index between 0.001 and 0.334. Conclusions: In our sample of chronic patients, there is a very high frequency of psychological and physical symptoms that are insufficiently recorded by the medical team
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- 2008
20. Salinas Olivares, Patricia Jytte
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Salinas Olivares, Patricia Jytte and Salinas Olivares, Patricia Jytte
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- 2012
21. ¿Están preparados los residentes e internos para enseñar?: Percepción de estudiantes de medicina de pre y postgrado
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REYES, CARLOS, primary, ZÚÑIGA, DENISSE, additional, WRIGHT, ANA CECILIA, additional, OLIVARES, PATRICIA, additional, TORO, LUIS, additional, ARAVENA, CARLOS, additional, and VERGARA, LUIS, additional
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- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Frecuencia y pesquisa de síntomas en pacientes crónicos en fases avanzadas en un hospital clínico: ¿Existe concordancia entre pacientes y médicos?
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Palma, Alejandra, primary, del Río, Ignacia, additional, Bonati, Pilar, additional, Tupper, Laura, additional, Villarroel, Luis, additional, Olivares, Patricia, additional, and Nervi, Flavio, additional
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- 2008
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23. [Dying during the pandemic: Experiences of relatives of patients who died during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile].
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Olivares P, Lermanda V, Bedregal P, Neumann I, Lavín Á, Márquez J, and Muñoz S
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- Humans, Chile epidemiology, Male, Female, SARS-CoV-2, Attitude to Death, Adult, Pandemics, Middle Aged, Grief, Interviews as Topic, Aged, Communication, COVID-19 psychology, COVID-19 epidemiology, Qualitative Research, Family psychology, Terminal Care psychology
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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic marked a milestone in the history of medicine worldwide. Together with the humanitarian drama it represented, the problems that arose are promoting lines of research in multiple fields. One of these fields is the aspects related to medical communication and end-of-life care. This paper reports the experiences and perceptions of relatives of patients who died during the pandemic with a psychospiritual support intervention in a public hospital in the Metropolitan Region, Chile, called "farewell"., Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with a phenomenological approach based on in-depth interviews. From this, categories were derived that allowed a systematization of the observation of the experiences., Results: Among the results, the impact of the circumstances and the communication provided by the medical team on grief should be highlighted. The use of the word "farewell" emerges as a useful, albeit ambiguous, communicative tool when it comes to adequately framing an end-of-life process., Conclusions: It is argued that the end of life is an area that requires physical and psychospiritual spaces, and adequate training at all levels to do justice to a highly relevant moment in the care of people.
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- 2024
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24. [Remarks on the "Dignified death and palliative care" bill].
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Valera L, Ramos P, Pérez I, Olivares P, Florenzano A, Carrasco MA, Barrientos M, and Godoy F J
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- Chile, Humans, Physician-Patient Relations, Euthanasia, Palliative Care
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The Chilean House of Representatives is discussing the bill on "Dignified death and palliative care", which regulates the so-called medical assistance in dying or euthanasia. This paper will critically analyze the different aspects of the bill, particularly concerning four main dimensions, namely, the patient's condition at the time of requesting euthanasia; the doctor-patient relationship and respect for the autonomy of both parties; the idea of medicine involved in it; and the possible therapeutic alternatives to euthanasia. This critical analysis raises the need to discuss in more depth a project that has to do with such important decisions about our lives and that implies a radical change in the way of thinking and practicing medicine.
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- 2021
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25. [Ethical guidelines for medical decision-making during COVID-19 pandemic in Chile].
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Valera L, Carrasco MA, López R, Ramos P, von Bernhardi R, Bedregal P, Florenzano A, Pérez I, Olivares P, Vargas I, González X, López P, Durán G, Richards C, and Castro R
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- COVID-19, Chile epidemiology, Humans, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Clinical Decision-Making ethics, Coronavirus Infections epidemiology, Coronavirus Infections therapy, Health Care Rationing ethics, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral epidemiology, Pneumonia, Viral therapy
- Abstract
The catastrophic emergency experienced by many countries with the COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the importance of bioethics for decision-making, both at the public health (equitable and effective policies) and at the clinical level. At the clinical level, the issues are the fulfillment of medical care demand with adequate health care teams, infrastructure, and supplies, and to cover critical care demands that surpass the available resources. Therefore, ethically correct approaches are required for the allocation of life sustaining resources. There are recommendations for the allocating life support during disasters based on multiple considerations, including ethical ones. However, the ethical criteria of existing guidelines are variable. Ethical principles usually considered are saving the greatest number of lives, saving the greatest number of years of life and the principle of the life cycle or the goal to give each individual equal opportunity to live through the various phases of life. However, the centrality of the human being and the search for the common good should be considered. Knowledge of public perspectives and moral benchmarks on these issues is essential. A successful assignment effort will require everyone's trust and cooperation. Decision making should be planned and discussed in advance, since in-depth deliberation will be extremely complex during the disaster. Our goal is to help the health care teams to wisely allocate resources in shortage periods.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. [Are residents and interns prepared for teaching? Perceptions of undergraduate and graduate medical students].
- Author
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Reyes C, Zúñiga D, Wright AC, Olivares P, Toro L, Aravena C, and Vergara L
- Subjects
- Adult, Chile, Clinical Competence, Female, Focus Groups, Humans, Male, Perception, Surveys and Questionnaires, Internship and Residency standards, Students, Medical psychology, Teaching standards
- Abstract
Background: Every doctor is expected to be competent in teaching. There are few initiatives to prepare medical students for this role., Aim: To explore residents (graduate students) and interns (final year undergraduate students) perceptions of the importance of acquiring teaching skills and how prepared they feel to meet this role. To determine the importance that undergraduate students give to such teaching., Material and Methods: Residents and interns participated in focus groups, and completed the Medical Education Readiness Questionnaire (METRQ), 5th year medical students were also invited to complete it., Results: Three hundred and seventy seven subjects answered the questionnaire. The perceived importance of having teaching skills was 6.1 +/-1.2 among residents and 5.7 +/- 1.6 among interns, in a scale 1 to 7. Their perception of their own preparation for teaching was 4.3 +/- 1.6 for both groups in the same scale. Students evaluated the preparation of the residents for teaching as 5.2 +/- 1.6 and that of the interns as 4.4 +/-1.7. Seventy-eight percent of 5th year medical students reported to learn more than two. 5 hours a week from residents. Fifty-nine percent of residents and 66% of interns reported to teach up to 2.5 hours per week to the same students. Focus groups participants agreed that teaching is an important role for a physician, and that to do it properly requires personal characteristics, along with teaching skills. They also found that the best opportunities to learn how to teach are during practical training. CONCLUSIONS. Our study contributes to the recognition of the teaching role of physicians and the need for teaching training among medical students.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. [Frequency and assessment of symptoms in hospitalized patient with advanced chronic diseases: is there concordance among patients and doctors?].
- Author
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Palma A, Del Río I, Bonati P, Tupper L, Villarroel L, Olivares P, and Nervi F
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety Disorders diagnosis, Chronic Disease, Depressive Disorder diagnosis, Female, Hospitals, University, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms psychology, Pain Management, Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Sickness Impact Profile, Delirium diagnosis, Hospitalization, Pain diagnosis, Palliative Care statistics & numerical data, Terminally Ill psychology
- Abstract
Background: Physicians tend to over or underestimate symptoms reported by patients. Therefore standardized symptom scoring systems have been proposed to overcome this drawback., Aim: To estimate the prevalence and the diagnostic accuracy of physical and psychological symptoms and delirium in patients admitted to an internal medicine service at a university hospital., Material and Methods: We studied 58 patients, 45 with metastasic cancer and 13 with other advanced chronic diseases. The following scales were used: the Confusion Assessment Method for the diagnosis of delirium; the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) for pain and other physical symptoms; the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to assess anxiety and depression. The ESAS was simultaneously applied to patients without delirium and their doctors to assess the level of diagnostic concordance., Results: Twenty two percent of patients had delirium. Among the 45 patients without delirium, 11 (25%) had at least eight symptoms and 39 (88.6%) had four symptoms. The prevalence of symptoms was very high, ranging from 22 to 78%. Pain, restlessness, anorexia and sleep disorders were the most common. The concordance between symptoms reported by patients and those recorded by doctor was very low, with a Kappa index between 0.001 and 0.334., Conclusions: In our sample of chronic patients, there is a very high frequency of psychological and physical symptoms that are insufficiently recorded by the medical team.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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