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Gun violence in schools has had a destructive ripple effect in many communities across the United States, invoking activism from both parents and the actual survivors of gun violence. By creating a new and comprehensive archival research database that analyzes 30 years of gun violence that has occurred on U.S. school properties, the current study examines the commonly accepted conclusions about school shootings; the issue of underage and illegal gun access; how schools are being protected on a daily basis; and how communities and law enforcement can join together to develop more customized solutions to disrupt the juvenile/social patterns that actually lead to school gun violence. Keywords: At-risk students, conflict de-escalation, conflict resolution, crime prevention, data collection, school death, emotional mastery, firearms, gun violence, school safety, school shootings., Introduction Over the last three decades, from January 1, 1990--January 1, 2020, the number of gun violence incidents occurring on U.S. school properties where at least one person was killed [...]

Objective To respond to the World Health Assembly call for dissemination of lessons learnt from countries that have begun implementing the International Health Regulations, 2005 revision; IHR (2005). Methods In November 2015, we conducted a systematic search of the following online databases and sources: PubMed[R], Embase[R], Global Health, Scopus, World Health Organization (WHO) Global Index Medicus, WHO Bulletin on IHR Implementation and the International Society for Disease Surveillance. We included identified studies and reports summarizing national experience in implementing any of the IHR (2005) core capacities or their components. We excluded studies that were theoretical or referred to IHR (1969). Qualitative systematic review methodology, including meta-ethnography, was used for qualitative synthesis. Findings We analysed 51 articles from 77 countries representing all WHO Regions. The meta-syntheses identified a total of 44 lessons learnt across the eight core capacities of IHR (2005). Major themes included the need to mobilize and sustain political commitment; to adapt global requirements based on local sociocultural, epidemiological, health system and economic contexts; and to conduct baseline and follow-up assessments to monitor the status of IHR (2005) implementation. Conclusion Although experiences of IHR (2005) implementation covered a wide global range, more documentation from Africa and Eastern Europe is needed. We did not find specific areas of weakness In monitoring IHR (2005); sustained monitoring of all core capacities is required to ensure effective systems. These lessons learnt could be adapted by countries In the process of meeting IHR (2005) requirements. Objetivo Responder a la convocatoria de la Asamblea de la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud para difundir las lecciones aprendidas de los paises que han empezado a aplicar el Reglamento Sanitario Internacional, revision de 2005; RSI (2005). Metodos En noviembre de 2015, se realizo una busqueda sistematica de las siguientes fuentes y bases de datos en linea: PubMed[R], Embase[R], Global Health, Scopus, Global Index Medicus de la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud (OMS), el Boletin de la OMS sobre la implementacion del RSI y la Sociedad Internacional para la Vigilancia de Enfermedades. Se incluyeron estudios e informes identificados que resumen la experiencia nacional de la implementacion de cualquiera de las capacidades basicas del RSI (2005) o sus componentes. Se excluyeron los estudios teoricos o que hicieran referencia al RSI (1969). Se uso una metodologia cualitativa de revision sistematica, incluida la metaetnografia, para la sintesis cualitativa. Resultados Se analizaron 51 articulos de 77 paises que representan a todas las Regiones de la OMS. Las metasintesis identificaron un total de 44 lecciones aprendidas en las ocho capacidades basicas del RSI (2005). Los temas principales incluyeron la necesidad de movilizar y mantener el compromiso politico; de adaptar los requisitos globales en funcion de los contextos socioculturales, epidemiologicos, del sistema de salud y economicos locales; y de realizar evaluaciones iniciales y de seguimiento para supervisar el estado de la implementacion del RSI (2005). Conclusion Aunque las experiencias de la implementacion del RSI (2005) cubrieron un amplio rango global, hace falta mas documentacion de Africa y Europa del Este. No se hallaron areas especificas de debilidad en la supervision del RSI (2005). Es necesaria una supervision sostenida de todas las capacidades basicas para asegurar unos sistemas efectivos. Estas lecciones aprendidas podrian ser adaptadas por los paises en proceso de cumplir con los requisitos del RSI (2005). Objectif Repondre a la demande de l'Assemblee mondiale de la Sante de diffuser les lecons tirees par les pays qui ont commence a mettre en oeuvre le Reglement sanitaire international, tel que revise en 2005 --RSI (2005). Methodes En novembre 2015, nous avons effectue une recherche systematique dans les bases de donnees et sources en ligne suivantes: PubMed[R], Embase[R], Global Health, Scopus, l'Index Medicus mondial de l'Organisation mondiale de la Sante (OMS), le bulletin de l'OMS sur la mise en oeuvre du RSI et l'International Society for Disease Surveillance. Nous avons inclus des etudes et des rapports resumant une experience nationale de mise en oeuvre de l'une des principales capacites du RSI (2005) ou de ses composants. Nous avons exclu les etudes theoriques ou qui se referaient a l'edition du RSI de 1969. Nous avons utilise une methodologie qualitative de la revue systematique, et notamment une meta-ethnographie, pour realiser une synthese qualitative. Resultats Nous avons analyse 51 articles qui provenaient de 77 pays representant toutes les regions de l'OMS. Les meta-syntheses ont mis en evidence 44 lecons tirees des huit principales capacites du RSI (2005). Les themes centraux refletalent la necessite de susciter et maintenlr l'engagement politique; d'adapter les exigences mondiales en fonction du contexte socioculturel, epidemiologique, du systeme de sante et economique local; et de realiser des evaluations de reference et de suivi pour surveiller l'avancee de la mise en oeuvre du RSI (2005). Conclusion S'il est vrai que les experiences de mise en oeuvre du RSI (2005) ont couvert une vaste zone geographique, une plus ampie documentation provenant d'Afrique et d'Europe de l'Est est necessaire. Nous n'avons pas trouve de points faibles specifiques lors du suivi du RSI (2005); un suivi permanent de l'ensemble des principales capacites est indispensable pour garantir l'efficacite des systemes. Ces lecons tirees pourraient etre adaptees par les pays engages dans un processus de respect des exigences du RSI (2005)., Introduction While bi- and multilateral communication and collaboration are the foundation for global control of infectious disease epidemics, they are strengthened by the International Health Regulations (IHR). First introduced in [...]

Artificial intelligence has changed our day to day life in multitude ways. AI technology is rearing itself as a driving force to be reckoned with in the largest industries in the world. AI has already engulfed our educational system, our businesses and our financial establishments. The future is definite that machines with artificial intelligence will soon be captivating over trained manual work that now is mostly cared by humans. Machines can carry out human-like tasks by new inputs as artificial intelligence makes it possible for machines to learn from experience. AI data from web of science database from 2008 to 2017 have been mapped to depict the average growth rate, relative growth rate, contribution made by authors in the view of research productivity, authorship pattern and collaboration of AI literature. The Lotka's law on authorship productivity of AI literature has been tested to confirm the applicability of the law to the present data set. A K-S test was applied to measure the degree of agreement between the distribution of the observed set of data against the inverse general power relationship and the theoretical value of [alpha] = 2. It is found that the inverse square law of Lotka follow as such. Keywords: Scientometrics, Collaborative Index (CI), Degree of Collaboration (DC), Co-authorship Index (CAT), Collaborative Co-efficient (CC), Modified Collaborative Co-efficient (MCC), Lotka's Law, Lotka's Exponent value, Kolmogorov-Smimov Test (K-S Test), Artificial Intelligence Literature., Introduction The term 'Scientometrics' is a field which consists of the quantitative methods applied to the study of science as an information process, unlike the behavioural sciences and mainstream philosophy [...]

Despite its great potential for being a valuable research tool for practitioners and academics dealing with European comparative law, CLAB Europa, the publicly accessible electronic database on unfair terms in consumer contracts, has largely been ignored to date. The database's wealth of data and its sophisticated query functions allow useful conclusions regarding the use of and the case law on standard terms in consumer contracts from both a national and a Community law perspective. This is illustrated by statistical analyses of parts of the CLAB data set. However, there are also shortcomings with regard to the quality and the presentation of the data which have to be overcome in order to make full use of the potential of CLAB.

Knowledge from millions of biological studies encoded into one network--that is Daniel Himmelstein's alluring description of Hetionet, a free online resource that melds data from 28 public sources on links [...]