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The recent shift in the global landscape towards a digital economy and decentralized finance has paved the way for the use of cryptocurrencies in financial markets. The use of a cryptocurrency as a means of payment, as a property right in digital assets, and exchanges to move capital volumes without the need for a controlling body, such as banking entities or government institutions; in this context, the problem of its regulation in the Ecuadorian territory arises. It is at that moment that we question what its legal treatment is within the national legal framework. Being virtual money managed in the cloud, there is still no clarity regarding the applicable tax legal regime, making it necessary for States to establish mechanisms to regulate taxes on the profits reported by this type of assets. This work carries out a bibliographic research in indexed databases and other doctrinal contributions with which it is intended to characterize cryptocurrencies, their use as currency or value asset, and the regulations that the Ecuadorian legislation has developed in this regard. The results detail the main regulatory needs to start the country”s adaptation process to this new financial era.

We present a transcription of the instructions that the clergy of Charcas prepared in 1584 for the procurator of the appeals to the Third Limense Council, a position held by Domingo de Almeida between 1585 and 1591. The corpus is composed of: 1) "Instrucción general del clero de Charcas", agreed in La Paz; 2) "Instrucción del clero del vicariato de la Villa de Potosí"; 3) "Instrucción de lo que ha de hacer y proponer el señor bachiller Baltasar de Torres en Chuquiavo con los demás procuradores", elaborated by the prebendaries of the cathedral of La Plata; and 4) "Instrucción de Potosí" to "moderar los capítulos de la instrucción". Along with this, a historical study is provided to understand the context in which they were generated and an approach to the content of the manuscripts., Hacemos entrega de una transcripción de las instrucciones que elaboró el clero de Charcas en 1584 para el procurador de las apelaciones al Tercer Concilio Limense, cargo que ocupó Domingo de Almeida entre 1585 y 1591. El corpus se compone de: 1) “Instrucción general del clero de Charcas”, acordada en La Paz; 2) “Instrucción del clero del vicariato de la Villa de Potosí”; 3) “Instrucción de lo que ha de hacer y proponer el señor bachiller Baltasar de Torres en Chuquiavo con los demás procuradores”, elaborada por los prebendados de la catedral de La Plata; y 4) “Instrucción de Potosí” para “moderar los capítulos de la instrucción”. Junto a esto se entrega un estudio histórico para comprender el contexto en que se generan y un acercamiento al contenido de los manuscritos.

The absence of a physical preparation process in the field of dance is one of the greatest deficiencies that occur in dancers. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a floor gymnastics and physical training program on physical abilities (strength and flexibility) in hip-hop dancers from the Danzare school. The research design was experimental, and the sample consisted of 30 dancers between the ages of 10 and 18, from the Danzare dance school in the city of Cuenca. In the first phase, strength and flexibility levels were measured, focusing on upper extremities, lower extremities and trunk. Subsequently, a second intervention phase was carried out consisting of a) a physical conditioning process for two weeks, and b) a gymnastics program for 6 weeks. Finally, in the third phase, the levels of strength and flexibility are measured again, to observe if there were changes in their capacities, and a correct execution of the gymnastic elements. The results obtained were favorable, since a great difference was obtained in the strength and flexibility capabilities, between the pre-test and post-test, which was assessed by analyzing the data from the physical tests performed. In all test data, a bilateral significance level of 0.000 (p < 0.001) was obtained, which means that the applied gymnastics program had a positive effect. Finally, the execution of the gymnastic elements was evaluated through a checklist, verifying who could perform them. It was obtained that over 20 participants managed to execute all the techniques correctly.

© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Hand, K., Phillips, C., Murray, A., Garvin, J., Maize, E., Gibbs, R., Reeves, G., San Martin, A., Tan-Wang, G., Krajewski, J., Hurst, K., Crum, R., Kennedy, B., McElrath, T., Gallon, J., Sabahi, D., Thurman, S., Goldstein, B., Estabrook, P., Lee, S. W., Dooley, J. A., Brinckerhoff, W. B., Edgett, K. S., German, C. R., Hoehler, T. M., Hörst, S. M., Lunine, J. I., Paranicas, C., Nealson, K., Smith, D. E., Templeton, A. S., Russell, M. J., Schmidt, B., Christner, B., Ehlmann, B., Hayes, A., Rhoden, A., Willis, P., Yingst, R. A., Craft, K., Cameron, M. E., Nordheim, T., Pitesky, J., Scully, J., Hofgartner, J., Sell, S. W., Barltrop, K. J., Izraelevitz, J., Brandon, E. J., Seong, J., Jones, J.-P., Pasalic, J., Billings, K. J., Ruiz, J. P., Bugga, R. V., Graham, D., Arenas, L. A., Takeyama, D., Drummond, M., Aghazarian, H., Andersen, A. J., Andersen, K. B., Anderson, E. W., Babuscia, A., Backes, P. G., Bailey, E. S., Balentine, D., Ballard, C. G., Berisford, D. F., Bhandari, P., Blackwood, K., Bolotin, G. S., Bovre, E. A., Bowkett, J., Boykins, K. T., Bramble, M. S., Brice, T. M., Briggs, P., Brinkman, A. P., Brooks, S. M., Buffington, B. B., Burns, B., Cable, M. L., Campagnola, S., Cangahuala, L. A., Carr, G. A., Casani, J. R., Chahat, N. E., Chamberlain-Simon, B. K., Cheng, Y., Chien, S. A., Cook, B. T., Cooper, M., DiNicola, M., Clement, B., Dean, Z., Cullimore, E. A., Curtis, A. G., Croix, J-P. de la, Pasquale, P. Di, Dodd, E. M., Dubord, L. A., Edlund, J. A., Ellyin, R., Emanuel, B., Foster, J. T., Ganino, A. J., Garner, G. J., Gibson, M. T., Gildner, M., Glazebrook, K. J., Greco, M. E., Green, W. M., Hatch, S. J., Hetzel, M. M., Hoey, W. A., Hofmann, A. E., Ionasescu, R., Jain, A., Jasper, J. D., Johannesen, J. R., Johnson, G. K., Jun, I., Katake, A. B., Kim-Castet, S. Y., Kim, D. I., Kim, W., Klonicki, E. F., Kobeis, Europa is a premier target for advancing both planetary science and astrobiology, as well as for opening a new window into the burgeoning field of comparative oceanography. The potentially habitable subsurface ocean of Europa may harbor life, and the globally young and comparatively thin ice shell of Europa may contain biosignatures that are readily accessible to a surface lander. Europa's icy shell also offers the opportunity to study tectonics and geologic cycles across a range of mechanisms and compositions. Here we detail the goals and mission architecture of the Europa Lander mission concept, as developed from 2015 through 2020. The science was developed by the 2016 Europa Lander Science Definition Team (SDT), and the mission architecture was developed by the preproject engineering team, in close collaboration with the SDT. In 2017 and 2018, the mission concept passed its mission concept review and delta-mission concept review, respectively. Since that time, the preproject has been advancing the technologies, and developing the hardware and software, needed to retire risks associated with technology, science, cost, and schedule., K.P.H., C.B.P., E.M., and all authors affiliated with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory carried out this research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant No. 80NM0018D0004). J.I.L. was the David Baltimore Distinguished Visiting Scientist during the preparation of the SDT report. JPL/Caltech2021.

Este trabajo de grado se centra en estudiar cómo ha sido la evolución de la arquitectura industrial a lo largo de su tiempo y de su historia y así mismo los exponentes que han sido influentes en la arquitectura industrial. Se busca también entender cómo es su relación con la arquitectura que lo rodea ya que puede ser diferente o incluso un entorno natural o rural, dentro de este se discutirán nociones como el progreso de la industria en entornos rurales, y como se puede desarrollar un objeto arquitectónico que cumpla con todas las funciones presentando un balance tanto en su parte compositiva como en su parte funcional. Se buscará conectar conceptos o características como Función y estética en un objeto que presente un balance entre ambas evitando una desarticulación entre ambos conceptos como lo menciona, Aris (1993) Sus características son: la función, la estética y la forma, profundizando en la desarticulación entre dichos elementos dentro del objeto arquitectónico., This degree work focuses on studying the evolution of industrial architecture throughout its time and history and also the exponents that have been influential in industrial architecture. It also seeks to understand how its relationship is with the architecture that surrounds it since it can be different or even a natural or rural environment, within these notions such as the progress of the industry in rural environments, and how an object can be developed will be discussed. architectural that fulfills all the functions presenting a balance both in its compositional part and in its functional part. It will seek to connect concepts or characteristics such as Function and aesthetics in an object that presents a balance between both avoiding a disarticulation between both concepts as mentioned by Aris (1993) Its characteristics are: function, aesthetics and form, deepening the disarticulation between these elements within the architectural object.

This article explores the local repercussions of the Bishop of Charcas Alonso Granero de Ávalos during his rule between 1578 and 1585. Through the memorial of the clergyman Bartolomé Álvarez (1588), highlighting the economic activities of the prelate and the tax measures that he established on the diocesan clergy. This trend, in turn, impacted on indigenous parishes as a source of products and labor. From the denunciation and life of Álvarez, it is proposed how the prelate's government impacted on the trajectory of the clergy, the unleashed conflicts and the local responses., Este artículo explora las repercusiones locales del obispo de Charcas Alonso Granero de Ávalos durante su gobierno entre 1578 y 1585. A través del memorial del clérigo Bartolomé Álvarez (1588), se destacan las actividades económicas del prelado y las medidas tributarias que instauró sobre la clerecía diocesana. Esta tendencia, a su vez, impactó en las parroquias indígenas como fuente de productos y mano de obra. Se propone, desde la denuncia y vida de Álvarez, cómo el gobierno del prelado impactó en la trayectoria de los clérigos, los conflictos desencadenados y las respuestas locales.

El emprendimiento como la innovación ha cobrado importancia en los últimos años, dados los constantes problemas económicos que viven las sociedades; y que genera que los ciudadanos busquen independencia económica por medio de proyectos innovadores. Desde esta perspectiva el propósito del estudio es analizar el perfil emprendedor como catalizador de la innovación en los jóvenes del departamento de La Guajira. Fundamentado en Schumpeter (1947), Gámez (2009), Herrera (2012), entre otros. De tipo descriptivo, correlacional transeccional con un diseño no experimental de campo. Los resultados evidencian que aunque existe un gran potencial en el perfil de los emprendedores esto no garantiza el uso de la innovación como estrategia de crecimiento y desarrollo empresarial en la región. Finalmente, el estudio permitió visualizar que el emprendimiento y la innovación hacen parte de la nueva tecnología de la gerencia empresarial que acelera el surgimiento de nuevas iniciativas impulsando el desarrollo económico de los países.

El objetivo del artículo fue evaluar la calidad del servicio como posible inductor de valor económico en los establecimientos hoteleros del Municipio de Riohacha, La Guajira, en el período 2009-2013. La investigación se fundamentó en el análisis descriptivo de diversos enfoques teóricos, diseño no experimental. Para el método, se consideró el uso de técnicas a través de un estudio correlacional. Se aplicó un cuestionario con escala ordinal tipo Likert a 95 turistas. Los resultados demuestran que existe una correlación positiva entre las variables calidad del servicio y generación de valor en el sector de estudio. Se concluye, que esta variable es fundamental en toda la cadena de prestación del servicio. Con respecto de las inversiones que los gerentes realizan en los hoteles, se determina que estas redundan en la generación de valor económico.