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1. The genomic natural history of the aurochs

Author

Rossi, Conor, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S., Mullin, Victoria E., Scheu, Amelie, Erven, Jolijn A. M., Verdugo, Marta Pereira, Daly, Kevin G., Ciucani, Marta Maria, Mattiangeli, Valeria, Teasdale, Matthew D., Diquelou, Deborah, Manin, Aurélie, Bangsgaard, Pernille, Collins, Matthew, Lord, Tom C., Zeibert, Viktor, Zorzin, Roberto, Vinter, Michael, Timmons, Zena, Kitchener, Andrew C., Street, Martin, Haruda, Ashleigh F., Tabbada, Kristina, Larson, Greger, Frantz, Laurent A. F., Gehlen, Birgit, Alhaique, Francesca, Tagliacozzo, Antonio, Fornasiero, Mariagabriella, Pandolfi, Luca, Karastoyanova, Nadezhda, Sørensen, Lasse, Kiryushin, Kirill, Ekström, Jonas, Mostadius, Maria, Grandal-d’Anglade, Aurora, Vidal-Gorosquieta, Amalia, Benecke, Norbert, Kropp, Claus, Grushin, Sergei P., Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Merts, Ilja, Merts, Viktor, Outram, Alan K., Rosengren, Erika, Kosintsev, Pavel, Sablin, Mikhail, Tishkin, Alexey A., Makarewicz, Cheryl A., Burger, Joachim, and Bradley, Daniel G.

Published
2024
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2. Natural and human-driven selection of a single non-coding body size variant in ancient and modern canids

Author

Plassais, Jocelyn, vonHoldt, Bridgett M, Parker, Heidi G, Carmagnini, Alberto, Dubos, Nicolas, Papa, Ilenia, Bevant, Kevin, Derrien, Thomas, Hennelly, Lauren M, Whitaker, D Thad, Harris, Alex C, Hogan, Andrew N, Huson, Heather J, Zaibert, Victor F, Linderholm, Anna, Haile, James, Fest, Thierry, Habib, Bilal, Sacks, Benjamin N, Benecke, Norbert, Outram, Alan K, Sablin, Mikhail V, Germonpré, Mietje, Larson, Greger, Frantz, Laurent, and Ostrander, Elaine A

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Alleles, Animals, Body Size, Breeding, Canidae, Humans, Wolves, IGF1, ancient DNA, antisense lncRNA, body size, canid evolution, canine, dog, domestication, long non-coding RNA, wolf, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Developmental Biology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Psychology
Abstract

Domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) are the most variable-sized mammalian species on Earth, displaying a 40-fold size difference between breeds.1 Although dogs of variable size are found in the archeological record,2-4 the most dramatic shifts in body size are the result of selection over the last two centuries, as dog breeders selected and propagated phenotypic extremes within closed breeding populations.5 Analyses of over 200 domestic breeds have identified approximately 20 body size genes regulating insulin processing, fatty acid metabolism, TGFβ signaling, and skeletal formation.6-10 Of these, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) predominates, controlling approximately 15% of body size variation between breeds.8 The identification of a functional mutation associated with IGF1 has thus far proven elusive.6,10,11 Here, to identify and elucidate the role of an ancestral IGF1 allele in the propagation of modern canids, we analyzed 1,431 genome sequences from 13 species, including both ancient and modern canids, thus allowing us to define the evolutionary history of both ancestral and derived alleles at this locus. We identified a single variant in an antisense long non-coding RNA (IGF1-AS) that interacts with the IGF1 gene, creating a duplex. While the derived mutation predominates in both modern gray wolves and large domestic breeds, the ancestral allele, which predisposes to small size, was common in small-sized breeds and smaller wild canids. Our analyses demonstrate that this major regulator of canid body size nearly vanished in Pleistocene wolves, before its recent resurgence resulting from human-imposed selection for small-sized breed dogs.

Published
2022

3. Dairying, diseases and the evolution of lactase persistence in Europe

Author

Evershed, Richard P., Davey Smith, George, Roffet-Salque, Mélanie, Timpson, Adrian, Diekmann, Yoan, Lyon, Matthew S., Cramp, Lucy J. E., Casanova, Emmanuelle, Smyth, Jessica, Whelton, Helen L., Dunne, Julie, Brychova, Veronika, Šoberl, Lucija, Gerbault, Pascale, Gillis, Rosalind E., Heyd, Volker, Johnson, Emily, Kendall, Iain, Manning, Katie, Marciniak, Arkadiusz, Outram, Alan K., Vigne, Jean-Denis, Shennan, Stephen, Bevan, Andrew, Colledge, Sue, Allason-Jones, Lyndsay, Amkreutz, Luc, Anders, Alexandra, Arbogast, Rose-Marie, Bălăşescu, Adrian, Bánffy, Eszter, Barclay, Alistair, Behrens, Anja, Bogucki, Peter, Carrancho Alonso, Ángel, Carretero, José Miguel, Cavanagh, Nigel, Claßen, Erich, Collado Giraldo, Hipolito, Conrad, Matthias, Csengeri, Piroska, Czerniak, Lech, Dębiec, Maciej, Denaire, Anthony, Domboróczki, László, Donald, Christina, Ebert, Julia, Evans, Christopher, Francés-Negro, Marta, Gronenborn, Detlef, Haack, Fabian, Halle, Matthias, Hamon, Caroline, Hülshoff, Roman, Ilett, Michael, Iriarte, Eneko, Jakucs, János, Jeunesse, Christian, Johnson, Melanie, Jones, Andy M., Karul, Necmi, Kiosak, Dmytro, Kotova, Nadezhda, Krause, Rüdiger, Kretschmer, Saskia, Krüger, Marta, Lefranc, Philippe, Lelong, Olivia, Lenneis, Eva, Logvin, Andrey, Lüth, Friedrich, Marton, Tibor, Marley, Jane, Mortimer, Richard, Oosterbeek, Luiz, Oross, Krisztián, Pavúk, Juraj, Pechtl, Joachim, Pétrequin, Pierre, Pollard, Joshua, Pollard, Richard, Powlesland, Dominic, Pyzel, Joanna, Raczky, Pál, Richardson, Andrew, Rowe, Peter, Rowland, Stephen, Rowlandson, Ian, Saile, Thomas, Sebők, Katalin, Schier, Wolfram, Schmalfuß, Germo, Sharapova, Svetlana, Sharp, Helen, Sheridan, Alison, Shevnina, Irina, Sobkowiak-Tabaka, Iwona, Stadler, Peter, Stäuble, Harald, Stobbe, Astrid, Stojanovski, Darko, Tasić, Nenad, van Wijk, Ivo, Vostrovská, Ivana, Vuković, Jasna, Wolfram, Sabine, Zeeb-Lanz, Andrea, and Thomas, Mark G.

Published
2022
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4. The first horse herders and the impact of early Bronze Age steppe expansions into Asia

Author

de Barros Damgaard, Peter, Martiniano, Rui, Kamm, Jack, Moreno-Mayar, J Víctor, Kroonen, Guus, Peyrot, Michaël, Barjamovic, Gojko, Rasmussen, Simon, Zacho, Claus, Baimukhanov, Nurbol, Zaibert, Victor, Merz, Victor, Biddanda, Arjun, Merz, Ilja, Loman, Valeriy, Evdokimov, Valeriy, Usmanova, Emma, Hemphill, Brian, Seguin-Orlando, Andaine, Yediay, Fulya Eylem, Ullah, Inam, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Iversen, Katrine Højholt, Choin, Jeremy, de la Fuente, Constanza, Ilardo, Melissa, Schroeder, Hannes, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Gromov, Andrey, Polyakov, Andrei, Omura, Sachihiro, Senyurt, Süleyman Yücel, Ahmad, Habib, McKenzie, Catriona, Margaryan, Ashot, Hameed, Abdul, Samad, Abdul, Gul, Nazish, Khokhar, Muhammad Hassan, Goriunova, OI, Bazaliiskii, Vladimir I, Novembre, John, Weber, Andrzej W, Orlando, Ludovic, Allentoft, Morten E, Nielsen, Rasmus, Kristiansen, Kristian, Sikora, Martin, Outram, Alan K, Durbin, Richard, and Willerslev, Eske

Subjects
Genetics, Animals, Asia, Asian People, Chromosomes, Human, Y, DNA, Ancient, DNA, Mitochondrial, Domestication, Europe, Genetic Drift, Genome, Human, Grassland, History, Ancient, Horses, Human Migration, Humans, Language, Whole Genome Sequencing, General Science & Technology
Abstract

The Yamnaya expansions from the western steppe into Europe and Asia during the Early Bronze Age (~3000 BCE) are believed to have brought with them Indo-European languages and possibly horse husbandry. We analyzed 74 ancient whole-genome sequences from across Inner Asia and Anatolia and show that the Botai people associated with the earliest horse husbandry derived from a hunter-gatherer population deeply diverged from the Yamnaya. Our results also suggest distinct migrations bringing West Eurasian ancestry into South Asia before and after, but not at the time of, Yamnaya culture. We find no evidence of steppe ancestry in Bronze Age Anatolia from when Indo-European languages are attested there. Thus, in contrast to Europe, Early Bronze Age Yamnaya-related migrations had limited direct genetic impact in Asia.

Published
2018

7. Dairying enabled Early Bronze Age Yamnaya steppe expansions

Author

Wilkin, Shevan, Ventresca Miller, Alicia, Fernandes, Ricardo, Spengler, Robert, Taylor, William T.-T., Brown, Dorcas R., Reich, David, Kennett, Douglas J., Culleton, Brendan J., Kunz, Laura, Fortes, Claudia, Kitova, Aleksandra, Kuznetsov, Pavel, Epimakhov, Andrey, Zaibert, Victor F., Outram, Alan K., Kitov, Egor, Khokhlov, Aleksandr, Anthony, David, and Boivin, Nicole

Published
2021
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8. Tracking Five Millennia of Horse Management with Extensive Ancient Genome Time Series

Author

Fages, Antoine, Hanghøj, Kristian, Khan, Naveed, Gaunitz, Charleen, Seguin-Orlando, Andaine, Leonardi, Michela, McCrory Constantz, Christian, Gamba, Cristina, Al-Rasheid, Khaled A.S., Albizuri, Silvia, Alfarhan, Ahmed H., Allentoft, Morten, Alquraishi, Saleh, Anthony, David, Baimukhanov, Nurbol, Barrett, James H., Bayarsaikhan, Jamsranjav, Benecke, Norbert, Bernáldez-Sánchez, Eloísa, Berrocal-Rangel, Luis, Biglari, Fereidoun, Boessenkool, Sanne, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Brem, Gottfried, Brown, Dorcas, Burger, Joachim, Crubézy, Eric, Daugnora, Linas, Davoudi, Hossein, de Barros Damgaard, Peter, de los Ángeles de Chorro y de Villa-Ceballos, María, Deschler-Erb, Sabine, Detry, Cleia, Dill, Nadine, do Mar Oom, Maria, Dohr, Anna, Ellingvåg, Sturla, Erdenebaatar, Diimaajav, Fathi, Homa, Felkel, Sabine, Fernández-Rodríguez, Carlos, García-Viñas, Esteban, Germonpré, Mietje, Granado, José D., Hallsson, Jón H., Hemmer, Helmut, Hofreiter, Michael, Kasparov, Aleksei, Khasanov, Mutalib, Khazaeli, Roya, Kosintsev, Pavel, Kristiansen, Kristian, Kubatbek, Tabaldiev, Kuderna, Lukas, Kuznetsov, Pavel, Laleh, Haeedeh, Leonard, Jennifer A., Lhuillier, Johanna, Liesau von Lettow-Vorbeck, Corina, Logvin, Andrey, Lõugas, Lembi, Ludwig, Arne, Luis, Cristina, Arruda, Ana Margarida, Marques-Bonet, Tomas, Matoso Silva, Raquel, Merz, Victor, Mijiddorj, Enkhbayar, Miller, Bryan K., Monchalov, Oleg, Mohaseb, Fatemeh A., Morales, Arturo, Nieto-Espinet, Ariadna, Nistelberger, Heidi, Onar, Vedat, Pálsdóttir, Albína H., Pitulko, Vladimir, Pitskhelauri, Konstantin, Pruvost, Mélanie, Rajic Sikanjic, Petra, Rapan Papeša, Anita, Roslyakova, Natalia, Sardari, Alireza, Sauer, Eberhard, Schafberg, Renate, Scheu, Amelie, Schibler, Jörg, Schlumbaum, Angela, Serrand, Nathalie, Serres-Armero, Aitor, Shapiro, Beth, Sheikhi Seno, Shiva, Shevnina, Irina, Shidrang, Sonia, Southon, John, Star, Bastiaan, Sykes, Naomi, Taheri, Kamal, Taylor, William, Teegen, Wolf-Rüdiger, Trbojević Vukičević, Tajana, Trixl, Simon, Tumen, Dashzeveg, Undrakhbold, Sainbileg, Usmanova, Emma, Vahdati, Ali, Valenzuela-Lamas, Silvia, Viegas, Catarina, Wallner, Barbara, Weinstock, Jaco, Zaibert, Victor, Clavel, Benoit, Lepetz, Sébastien, Mashkour, Marjan, Helgason, Agnar, Stefánsson, Kári, Barrey, Eric, Willerslev, Eske, Outram, Alan K., Librado, Pablo, and Orlando, Ludovic

Published
2019
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9. Author Correction: Dairying, diseases and the evolution of lactase persistence in Europe

Author

Evershed, Richard P., Davey Smith, George, Roffet-Salque, Mélanie, Timpson, Adrian, Diekmann, Yoan, Lyon, Matthew S., Cramp, Lucy J. E., Casanova, Emmanuelle, Smyth, Jessica, Whelton, Helen L., Dunne, Julie, Brychova, Veronika, Šoberl, Lucija, Gerbault, Pascale, Gillis, Rosalind E., Heyd, Volker, Johnson, Emily, Kendall, Iain, Manning, Katie, Marciniak, Arkadiusz, Outram, Alan K., Vigne, Jean-Denis, Shennan, Stephen, Bevan, Andrew, Colledge, Sue, Allason-Jones, Lyndsay, Amkreutz, Luc, Anders, Alexandra, Arbogast, Rose-Marie, Bălăşescu, Adrian, Bánffy, Eszter, Barclay, Alistair, Behrens, Anja, Bogucki, Peter, Carrancho Alonso, Ángel, Carretero, José Miguel, Cavanagh, Nigel, Claßen, Erich, Collado Giraldo, Hipolito, Conrad, Matthias, Csengeri, Piroska, Czerniak, Lech, Dębiec, Maciej, Denaire, Anthony, Domboróczki, László, Donald, Christina, Ebert, Julia, Evans, Christopher, Francés-Negro, Marta, Gronenborn, Detlef, Haack, Fabian, Halle, Matthias, Hamon, Caroline, Hülshoff, Roman, Ilett, Michael, Iriarte, Eneko, Jakucs, János, Jeunesse, Christian, Johnson, Melanie, Jones, Andy M., Karul, Necmi, Kiosak, Dmytro, Kotova, Nadezhda, Krause, Rüdiger, Kretschmer, Saskia, Krüger, Marta, Lefranc, Philippe, Lelong, Olivia, Lenneis, Eva, Logvin, Andrey, Lüth, Friedrich, Marton, Tibor, Marley, Jane, Mortimer, Richard, Oosterbeek, Luiz, Oross, Krisztián, Pavúk, Juraj, Pechtl, Joachim, Pétrequin, Pierre, Pollard, Joshua, Pollard, Richard, Powlesland, Dominic, Pyzel, Joanna, Raczky, Pál, Richardson, Andrew, Rowe, Peter, Rowland, Stephen, Rowlandson, Ian, Saile, Thomas, Sebők, Katalin, Schier, Wolfram, Schmalfuß, Germo, Sharapova, Svetlana, Sharp, Helen, Sheridan, Alison, Shevnina, Irina, Sobkowiak-Tabaka, Iwona, Stadler, Peter, Stäuble, Harald, Stobbe, Astrid, Stojanovski, Darko, Tasić, Nenad, van Wijk, Ivo, Vostrovská, Ivana, Vuković, Jasna, Wolfram, Sabine, Zeeb-Lanz, Andrea, and Thomas, Mark G.

Published
2022
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11. Ancient genomes revisit the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski’s horses

Author

Gaunitz, Charleen, Fages, Antoine, Hanghøj, Kristian, Albrechtsen, Anders, Khan, Naveed, Schubert, Mikkel, Seguin-Orlando, Andaine, Owens, Ivy J., Felkel, Sabine, Bignon-Lau, Olivier, de Barros Damgaard, Peter, Mittnik, Alissa, Mohaseb, Azadeh F., Davoudi, Hossein, Alquraishi, Saleh, Alfarhan, Ahmed H., Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S., Crubézy, Eric, Benecke, Norbert, Olsen, Sandra, Brown, Dorcas, Anthony, David, Massy, Ken, Pitulko, Vladimir, Kasparov, Aleksei, Brem, Gottfried, Hofreiter, Michael, Mukhtarova, Gulmira, Baimukhanov, Nurbol, Lõugas, Lembi, Onar, Vedat, Stockhammer, Philipp W., Krause, Johannes, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Undrakhbold, Sainbileg, Erdenebaatar, Diimaajav, Lepetz, Sébastien, Mashkour, Marjan, Ludwig, Arne, Wallner, Barbara, Merz, Victor, Merz, Ilja, Zaibert, Viktor, Willerslev, Eske, Librado, Pablo, Outram, Alan K., and Orlando, Ludovic

Published
2018

14. The genetic history of admixture across inner Eurasia

Author

Jeong, Choongwon, Balanovsky, Oleg, Lukianova, Elena, Kahbatkyzy, Nurzhibek, Flegontov, Pavel, Zaporozhchenko, Valery, Immel, Alexander, Wang, Chuan-Chao, Ixan, Olzhas, Khussainova, Elmira, Bekmanov, Bakhytzhan, Zaibert, Victor, Lavryashina, Maria, Pocheshkhova, Elvira, Yusupov, Yuldash, Agdzhoyan, Anastasiya, Koshel, Sergey, Bukin, Andrei, Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn, Turdikulova, Shahlo, Dalimova, Dilbar, Churnosov, Mikhail, Skhalyakho, Roza, Daragan, Denis, Bogunov, Yuri, Bogunova, Anna, Shtrunov, Alexandr, Dubova, Nadezhda, Zhabagin, Maxat, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Churakov, Vladimir, Pislegin, Nikolay, Damba, Larissa, Saroyants, Ludmila, Dibirova, Khadizhat, Atramentova, Lubov, Utevska, Olga, Idrisov, Eldar, Kamenshchikova, Evgeniya, Evseeva, Irina, Metspalu, Mait, Outram, Alan K., Robbeets, Martine, Djansugurova, Leyla, Balanovska, Elena, Schiffels, Stephan, Haak, Wolfgang, Reich, David, and Krause, Johannes

Published
2019
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15. New light on the Warwick Shaffron: understanding horse and shaffron size through the collections of the Royal Armouries.

Author

Creighton, Oliver H., Outram, Alan K., and Wilkinson-Keys, Eleanor

Subjects
*HORSES, *COLLECTIONS, *HORSE breeds, *STATURE, *HEADLINES, *CAVALRY
Abstract

The Warwick Shaffron, held in the collections of the Royal Armouries (VI.446) is the earliest extant example of a European medieval shaffron on public display anywhere in the world. In addition to its early date, the shaffron is also considered exceptional because of its seemingly formidable size, coupled with apparent physical evidence of battle damage. This study sheds new light on the Warwick Shaffron through the application of an original measurement methodology developed through the AHRC-funded 'Warhorse Project' and applied to shaffrons in the collections of the Royal Armouries. Drawing upon the Warhorse Project's wider findings on medieval horse stature, this paper critically discusses what shaffrons can tell us about the size of the mounts that wore them. A headline finding is that the dimensions of the Warwick Shaffron are entirely compatible with what we know about the size range of medieval horses at the time of its manufacture, albeit towards the upper end of the range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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31. Ice Age megafauna rock art in the Colombian Amazon?

Author

Iriarte, José, primary, Ziegler, Michael J., additional, Outram, Alan K., additional, Robinson, Mark, additional, Roberts, Patrick, additional, Aceituno, Francisco J., additional, Morcote-Ríos, Gaspar, additional, and Keesey, T. Michael, additional

Published
2022
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32. Electronic Supplementary Material from Ice Age megafauna rock art in the Colombian Amazon?

Author

Iriarte, Jos��, Ziegler, Michael J., Outram, Alan K., Robinson, Mark, Roberts, Patrick, Aceituno, Francisco J., Morcote-R��os, Gaspar, and Keeseyr, T. Michael

Abstract

Megafauna paintings have accompanied the earliest archaeological contexts across the continents, revealing a fundamental inter-relationship between early humans and megafauna during the global human expansion as unfamiliar landscapes were humanized and identities built into new territories. However, the identification of extinct megafauna from rock art is controversial. Here, we examine potential megafauna depictions in the rock art of Serran��a de la Lindosa, Colombian Amazon, that includes a giant sloth, a gomphothere, a camelid, horses and three-toed ungulates with trunks. We argue that they are Ice Age rock art based on the (i) naturalistic appearance and diagnostic morphological features of the animal images, (ii) late Pleistocene archaeological dates from La Lindosa confirming the contemporaneity of humans and megafauna, (iii) recovery of ochre pigments in late Pleistocene archaeological strata, (iv) the presence of most megafauna identified in the region during the late Pleistocene as attested by archaeological and palaeontological records, and (v) widespread depiction of extinct megafauna in rock art across the Americas. Our findings contribute to the emerging picture of considerable geographical and stylistic variation of geometric and figurative rock art from early human occupations across South America. Lastly, we discuss the implications of our findings for understanding the early human history of tropical South America.This article is part of the theme issue ���Tropical forests in the deep human past���.

Published
2022
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35. Timing the horse

Author

Outram, Alan K.

Subjects
Kazakhstan -- History -- Discovery and exploration, Excavations (Archaeology) -- Methods -- Kazakhstan, Horses -- Natural history, Business
Abstract

It was at the end of the Ice Age that horses became extinct in the Americas. At that time, they could only be found living wild in Europe and Asia [...]

Published
2015

36. Widespread exploitation of the honeybee by early Neolithic farmers

Author

Roffet-Salque, Mélanie, Regert, Martine, Evershed, Richard P., Outram, Alan K., Cramp, Lucy J. E., Decavallas, Orestes, Dunne, Julie, Gerbault, Pascale, Mileto, Simona, Mirabaud, Sigrid, Pääkkönen, Mirva, Smyth, Jessica, Šoberl, Lucija, Whelton, Helen L., Alday-Ruiz, Alfonso, Asplund, Henrik, Bartkowiak, Marta, Bayer-Niemeier, Eva, Belhouchet, Lotfi, Bernardini, Federico, Budja, Mihael, Cooney, Gabriel, Cubas, Miriam, Danaher, Ed M., Diniz, Mariana, Domboróczki, László, Fabbri, Cristina, González-Urquijo, Jesus E., Guilaine, Jean, Hachi, Slimane, Hartwell, Barrie N., Hofmann, Daniela, Hohle, Isabel, Ibáñez, Juan J., Karul, Necmi, Kherbouche, Farid, Kiely, Jacinta, Kotsakis, Kostas, Lueth, Friedrich, Mallory, James P., Manen, Claire, Marciniak, Arkadiusz, Maurice-Chabard, Brigitte, Mc Gonigle, Martin A., Mulazzani, Simone, Özdoğan, Mehmet, Perić, Olga S., Perić, Slaviša R., Petrasch, Jörg, Pétrequin, Anne-Marie, Pétrequin, Pierre, Poensgen, Ulrike, Pollard, Joshua C., Poplin, François, Radi, Giovanna, Stadler, Peter, Stäuble, Harald, Tasić, Nenad, Urem-Kotsou, Dushka, Vuković, Jasna B., Walsh, Fintan, Whittle, Alasdair, Wolfram, Sabine, Zapata-Peña, Lydia, and Zoughlami, Jamel

Published
2015
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38. Performance and automation of ancient DNA capture with RNA hyRAD probes

Author

Suchan, Tomasz, primary, Kusliy, Mariya A., additional, Khan, Naveed, additional, Chauvey, Loreleï, additional, Tonasso‐Calvière, Laure, additional, Schiavinato, Stéphanie, additional, Southon, John, additional, Keller, Marcel, additional, Kitagawa, Keiko, additional, Krause, Johannes, additional, Bessudnov, Alexander N., additional, Bessudnov, Alexander A., additional, Graphodatsky, Alexander S., additional, Valenzuela‐Lamas, Silvia, additional, Wilczyński, Jarosław, additional, Pospuła, Sylwia, additional, Tunia, Krzysztof, additional, Nowak, Marek, additional, Moskal‐delHoyo, Magdalena, additional, Tishkin, Alexey A., additional, Pryor, Alexander J. E., additional, Outram, Alan K., additional, and Orlando, Ludovic, additional

Published
2021
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39. In search of the ‘great horse’: A zooarchaeological assessment of horses from England (AD 300–1650)

Author

Ameen, Carly, primary, Benkert, Helene, additional, Fraser, Tamsyn, additional, Gordon, Rebecca, additional, Holmes, Matilda, additional, Johnson, Will, additional, Lauritsen, Malene, additional, Maltby, Mark, additional, Rapp, Karina, additional, Townend, Tess, additional, Baker, Gary Paul, additional, Jones, Laura May, additional, Vo Van Qui, Camille, additional, Webley, Robert, additional, Liddiard, Robert, additional, Sykes, Naomi, additional, Creighton, Oliver H., additional, Thomas, Richard, additional, and Outram, Alan K., additional

Published
2021
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40. Horses for the dead: funerary foodways in Bronze Age Kazakhstan

Author

Outram, Alan K., Stear, Natalie A., Kasparov, Alexei, Usmanova, Emma, Varfolomeev, Victor, and Evershed, Richard P.

Subjects
Kazakhstan -- History, Horses -- Usage, Burial -- History -- Research, Anthropology/archeology/folklore
Abstract

The authors examine the role of horses as expressed in assemblages from settlement sites and cemeteries between the Eneolithic and the Bronze Age in Kazakhstan. In this land, known for its rich association with horses, the skeletal evidence appears to indicate a fading of ritual interest. But that's not the whole story, and once again micro-archaeology reveals the true balance. The horses are present at the funeral, but now as meat for the pot, detected in bone fragments and lipids in the pot walls. Keywords: Kazakhstan, Eneolithic, Bronze Age, Andronovo, horse, burial rites, faunal remains, lipids, Introduction From the Palaeolithic onwards, the archaeology and cultures of Kazakhstan were heavily influenced by people's changing relationships with one particular animal species, the horse. Horses shift from being a [...]

Published
2011

41. Direct 14C dating of equine products preserved in archaeological pottery vessels from Botai and Bestamak, Kazakhstan.

Author

Casanova, Emmanuelle, Knowles, Timothy D. J., Outram, Alan K., Stear, Natalie A., Roffet-Salque, Mélanie, Zaibert, Viktor, Logvin, Andrey, Shevnina, Irina, and Evershed, Richard P.

Abstract

Direct and accurate radiocarbon dating of lipid residues preserved in ceramics is a recently established method that allows direct dating of specific food products and their inception in human subsistence strategies. The method targets individual fatty acids originating from animal fats such as ruminant dairy, ruminant adipose, non-ruminant adipose and aquatic fats. Horse lipid residues found in Central Asian pottery vessels are also directly dateable using this new method. Here we present the identification of equine lipid residues preserved in two pottery assemblages from the Neolithic and Eneolithic in Kazakhstan and their direct 14C dating. The site of Botai, previously radiocarbon-dated to the 4th millennium BC, was used as a reference to evaluate the dates obtained directly on horse lipids. The direct dating of equine products extracted from Botai potsherds are shown to be compatible with previous 14C dates at the site. The site of Bestamak, lacking previous14C measurements, had been relatively dated to the Neolithic based on pottery typologies. The direct dating of equine residues made it possible to anchor the pottery assemblage of Bestamak in the 6th millennium BC confirming their Neolithic attribution. These findings demonstrate the potential for dating horse products through a compound-specific approach, while highlighting challenges in 14C dating individual fatty acids from lipid extracts in which their abundances differ substantially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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42. Performance and automation of ancient DNA capture with RNA hyRAD probes

Author

Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), European Research Council, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Suchan, Tomas, Kusliy, Mariya A., Khan, Naveed, Chauvey, Loreleï, Tonasso-Calvière, Laure, Schiavinato, Stéphanie, Southon, John, Keller, Marcel, Kitagawa, Keiko, Krause, Johannes, Bessudnov, Alexander N., Bessudnov, Alexander A., Graphodatsky, Alexander S., Valenzuela-Lamas, Silvia, Wilczyński, Jarosław, Pospuła, Sylwia, Tunia, Krzysztof, Nowak, Marek, Moskal-del Hoyo, Magdalena, Tishkin, Alexey A., Pryor, Alexander J. E., Outram, Alan K., Orlando, Ludovic, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), European Research Council, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Suchan, Tomas, Kusliy, Mariya A., Khan, Naveed, Chauvey, Loreleï, Tonasso-Calvière, Laure, Schiavinato, Stéphanie, Southon, John, Keller, Marcel, Kitagawa, Keiko, Krause, Johannes, Bessudnov, Alexander N., Bessudnov, Alexander A., Graphodatsky, Alexander S., Valenzuela-Lamas, Silvia, Wilczyński, Jarosław, Pospuła, Sylwia, Tunia, Krzysztof, Nowak, Marek, Moskal-del Hoyo, Magdalena, Tishkin, Alexey A., Pryor, Alexander J. E., Outram, Alan K., and Orlando, Ludovic

Abstract

DNA hybridization-capture techniques allow researchers to focus their sequencing efforts on preselected genomic regions. This feature is especially useful when analys- ing ancient DNA (aDNA) extracts, which are often dominated by exogenous environ- mental sources. Here, we assessed, for the first time, the performance of hyRAD as an inexpensive and design-free alternative to commercial capture protocols to obtain authentic aDNA data from osseous remains. HyRAD relies on double enzymatic re- striction of fresh DNA extracts to produce RNA probes that cover only a fraction ofthe genome and can serve as baits for capturing homologous fragments from aDNA li- braries. We found that this approach could retrieve sequence data from horse remains coming from a range of preservation environments, including beyond radiocarbon range, yielding up to 146.5-fold on-target enrichment for aDNA extracts showing ex- tremely low endogenous content (<1%). Performance was, however, more limited for those samples already characterized by good DNA preservation (>20%¿30%), while the fraction of endogenous reads mapping on- and off-target was relatively insensi- tive to the original endogenous DNA content. Procedures based on two instead of a single round of capture increased on-target coverage up to 3.6-fold. Additionally, we used methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes to produce probes targeting hypo- methylated regions, which improved data quality by reducing post-mortem DNA dam- age and mapping within multicopy regions. Finally, we developed a fully automated hyRAD protocol utilizing inexpensive robotic platforms to facilitate capture process- ing. Overall, our work establishes hyRAD as a cost-effective strategy to recover a set of shared orthologous variants across multiple ancient samples.

Published
2021

43. The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes

Author

Librado, Pablo, Khan, Naveed, Fages, Antoine, Kusliy, Mariya A., Suchan,Tomasz, Tonasso-Calvière, Laure, Schiavinato, Stéphanie, Alioglu, Duha, Fromentier, Aurore, Perdereau, Aude, Aury, Jean‐Marc, Nowak, Marek, Rannamäe, Eve, Saarma, Urmas, Boeskorov, Gennady, Lõugas, Lembi, Kyselý, René, Peške, Lubomír, Bălășescu, Adrian, Dumitrașcu, Valentin, Dobrescu, Roxana, Toleubaev, Abdesh, Gerber, Daniel, Kiss, Viktória, Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, Mende, Balazs G., Gallina, Zsolt, Somogyi, Krisztina, Kulcsár, Gabriella, Gál, Erika, Bendrey, Robin, Allentoft, Morten E., Morgunova, Nina L., Sirbu, Ghenadie, Dergachev, Valentin, Shephard, Henry, Tomadini, Noémie, Grouard, Sandrine, Kasparov, Aleksei, Basilyan, Alexander E., Anisimov, Mikhail A., Nikolskiy, Pavel A., Pavlova, Elena Y., Kuznetsova, Tatyana V., Pitulko, Vladimir, Brem, Gottfried, Wallner, Barbara, Schwall, Christoph, Keller, Marcel, Kitagawa, Keiko, Bessudnov, Alexander N., Bessudnov, Alexander, Taylor, William, Magail, Jérome, Lordkipanidze, David, Gantulga, Jamiyan-Ombo, Bayarsaikhan, Jamsranjav, Erdenebaatar, Diimaajav, Tabaldiev, Kubatbeek, Mijiddorj, Enkhbayar, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Tsagaan, Turbat, Pruvost, Mélanie, Olsen, Sandra, Makarewicz, Cheryl A., Marzullo, Matilde, Valenzuela-Lamas, Silvia, Albizuri, Silvia, Nieto-Espinet, Ariadna, Iborra Eres, María Pilar, Lira, Jaime, Rodríguez González, Esther, Celestino Pérez, Sebastián, Olària, Carmen, Arsuaga, Juan Luis, Kotova, Nadiia, Prato, Ornella, Pryor, Alexander, Crabtree, Pam, Zhumatayev, Rinat, Bagnasco Gianni, Giovanna, Tecchiati, Umberto, Clavel, Benoit, Lepetz, Sébastien, Gaunitz, Charleen, Davoudi, Hossein, Mashkour, Marjan, Berezina, Natalia Ya., Stockhammer, Philipp W., Krause, Johannes, Haak, Wolfgang, Morales-Muñiz, Arturo, Benecke, Norbert, Hofreiter, Michael, Ludwig, Arne, Chauvey, Lorelei, Graphodatsky, Alexander S., Peters, Joris, Kiryushin, Kirill Yu., Iderkhangai, Tumur-Ochir, Bokovenko, Nikolay A., Vasiliev, Sergey K., Seregin, Nikolai N., Chugunov, Konstantin V., Plasteeva, Natalya A., Baryshnikov, Gennady F., Seguin-Orlando, Andaine, Petrova, Ekaterina, Sablin, Mikhail, Ananyevskaya, Elina, Logvin, Andrey, Shevnina, Irina, Logvin, Victor, Kalieva, Saule, Loman, Valeriy, Kukushkin, Igor, Merz, Ilya, Sarkissian, Clio Der, Merz, Victor, Sakenov, Sergazy, Varfolomeyev, Victor, Usmanova, Emma, Zaibert, Viktor, Arbuckle, Benjamin, Belinskiy, Andrey B., Kalmykov, Alexej, Reinhold, Sabine, Hansen, Svend, Southon, John, Yudin, Aleksandr I., Vybornov, Alekandr A., Epimakhov, Andrey, Berezina, Natalia S., Roslyakova, Natalia, Kosintsev, Pavel A., Kuznetsov, Pavel F., Anthony, David, Kroonen, Guus, Kristiansen, Kristian, Shapiro, Beth, Wincker, Patrick, Outram, Alan K., Orlando, Ludovic, Tishkin, Alexey A., Kovalev, Alexey A., Alquraishi, Saleh, Alfarhan, Ahmed H., Al-Rasheid, Khaled A.S., Seregély, Timo, Klassen, Lutz, Iversen, Rune, Bignon-Lau, Olivier, Bodu, Pierre, Olive, Monique, Castel, Jean-Christophe, Boudadi-Maligne, Myriam, Álvarez, Nadir, Germonpré, Mietje, Moskal-del Hoyo, Magdalena, Wilczyński, Jarosław, Pospuła, Sylwia, Lasota-Kuś, Anna, Tunia, Krzysztof, Librado, Pablo, Khan, Naveed, Fages, Antoine, Kusliy, Mariya A., Suchan,Tomasz, Tonasso-Calvière, Laure, Schiavinato, Stéphanie, Alioglu, Duha, Fromentier, Aurore, Perdereau, Aude, Aury, Jean‐Marc, Nowak, Marek, Rannamäe, Eve, Saarma, Urmas, Boeskorov, Gennady, Lõugas, Lembi, Kyselý, René, Peške, Lubomír, Bălășescu, Adrian, Dumitrașcu, Valentin, Dobrescu, Roxana, Toleubaev, Abdesh, Gerber, Daniel, Kiss, Viktória, Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, Mende, Balazs G., Gallina, Zsolt, Somogyi, Krisztina, Kulcsár, Gabriella, Gál, Erika, Bendrey, Robin, Allentoft, Morten E., Morgunova, Nina L., Sirbu, Ghenadie, Dergachev, Valentin, Shephard, Henry, Tomadini, Noémie, Grouard, Sandrine, Kasparov, Aleksei, Basilyan, Alexander E., Anisimov, Mikhail A., Nikolskiy, Pavel A., Pavlova, Elena Y., Kuznetsova, Tatyana V., Pitulko, Vladimir, Brem, Gottfried, Wallner, Barbara, Schwall, Christoph, Keller, Marcel, Kitagawa, Keiko, Bessudnov, Alexander N., Bessudnov, Alexander, Taylor, William, Magail, Jérome, Lordkipanidze, David, Gantulga, Jamiyan-Ombo, Bayarsaikhan, Jamsranjav, Erdenebaatar, Diimaajav, Tabaldiev, Kubatbeek, Mijiddorj, Enkhbayar, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Tsagaan, Turbat, Pruvost, Mélanie, Olsen, Sandra, Makarewicz, Cheryl A., Marzullo, Matilde, Valenzuela-Lamas, Silvia, Albizuri, Silvia, Nieto-Espinet, Ariadna, Iborra Eres, María Pilar, Lira, Jaime, Rodríguez González, Esther, Celestino Pérez, Sebastián, Olària, Carmen, Arsuaga, Juan Luis, Kotova, Nadiia, Prato, Ornella, Pryor, Alexander, Crabtree, Pam, Zhumatayev, Rinat, Bagnasco Gianni, Giovanna, Tecchiati, Umberto, Clavel, Benoit, Lepetz, Sébastien, Gaunitz, Charleen, Davoudi, Hossein, Mashkour, Marjan, Berezina, Natalia Ya., Stockhammer, Philipp W., Krause, Johannes, Haak, Wolfgang, Morales-Muñiz, Arturo, Benecke, Norbert, Hofreiter, Michael, Ludwig, Arne, Chauvey, Lorelei, Graphodatsky, Alexander S., Peters, Joris, Kiryushin, Kirill Yu., Iderkhangai, Tumur-Ochir, Bokovenko, Nikolay A., Vasiliev, Sergey K., Seregin, Nikolai N., Chugunov, Konstantin V., Plasteeva, Natalya A., Baryshnikov, Gennady F., Seguin-Orlando, Andaine, Petrova, Ekaterina, Sablin, Mikhail, Ananyevskaya, Elina, Logvin, Andrey, Shevnina, Irina, Logvin, Victor, Kalieva, Saule, Loman, Valeriy, Kukushkin, Igor, Merz, Ilya, Sarkissian, Clio Der, Merz, Victor, Sakenov, Sergazy, Varfolomeyev, Victor, Usmanova, Emma, Zaibert, Viktor, Arbuckle, Benjamin, Belinskiy, Andrey B., Kalmykov, Alexej, Reinhold, Sabine, Hansen, Svend, Southon, John, Yudin, Aleksandr I., Vybornov, Alekandr A., Epimakhov, Andrey, Berezina, Natalia S., Roslyakova, Natalia, Kosintsev, Pavel A., Kuznetsov, Pavel F., Anthony, David, Kroonen, Guus, Kristiansen, Kristian, Shapiro, Beth, Wincker, Patrick, Outram, Alan K., Orlando, Ludovic, Tishkin, Alexey A., Kovalev, Alexey A., Alquraishi, Saleh, Alfarhan, Ahmed H., Al-Rasheid, Khaled A.S., Seregély, Timo, Klassen, Lutz, Iversen, Rune, Bignon-Lau, Olivier, Bodu, Pierre, Olive, Monique, Castel, Jean-Christophe, Boudadi-Maligne, Myriam, Álvarez, Nadir, Germonpré, Mietje, Moskal-del Hoyo, Magdalena, Wilczyński, Jarosław, Pospuła, Sylwia, Lasota-Kuś, Anna, and Tunia, Krzysztof

Abstract

Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare. However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 bc3. Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia and Anatolia, have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 bc, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 bc driving the spread of Indo-European languages. This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium bc Sintashta culture.

Published
2021

46. Riding, Ruling, and Resistance: Equestrianism and Political Authority in the Hungarian Bronze Age.

Author

Kanne, Katherine, Bendrey, Robin, Chechushkov, Igor V., Duffy, Paul R., Greenfield, Haskel J., Jaeger, Mateusz, Morehart, Christopher, Nicodemus, Amy, Outram, Alan K., Szeverényi, Vajk, and Taylor, William

Subjects
EQUESTRIANISM, AUTHORITY, RESISTANCE to government, HUMAN-animal relationships, MILITARY science, BRONZE Age
Abstract

Horses have had a singular impact on human societies. Beyond increasing interconnectivity and revolutionizing warfare, reconfigurations of human-horse relationships coincide with changes in sociopolitical formations. How this occurs is less well understood. This article proposes that relationships of equestrianism transform people and horses reciprocally, generating new possibilities for both species. Focusing here on human benefits, equestrianism affords differential and increased mobility, access, and experience for people, which translate horse power into human power. This has particular consequences for how political authority is negotiated. I use the tell societies of Bronze Age Hungary (ca. 2300/2200–1600/1500 BC) to model how horses were harnessed in resistance to centralized rule and social inequality as much as they were used to assert power. This interpretation challenges traditional grand narratives for the European Bronze Age, which see male elite warriors driving chariots, desirous of bronze, and instituting hierarchical, complex societies. Rather, ordinary women and men riding horses built these long-lived communities and were variously able to resist chiefly authority because of the power offered by horses. The theory starts disentangling mechanisms between local equestrianism and long-term historical changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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50. Archaeological supplement B to Damgaard et al. 2018: discussion of the archaeology of Central Asian and East Asian Neolithic to Bronze Age hunter-gatherers and early pastoralists, including consideration of horse domestication

Author

Outram, Alan K., Polyakov, Andrey, Gromov, Andrei, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Weber, Andrzej W., Bazaliiskii, Vladimir I., and O. I. Goriunova

Abstract

The archaeological evidence relating to selected key cultures from Central and East Asia from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age is summarized. These cultures include the Eneolithic (Copper Age) Botai culture of northern Kazakhstan, the Bronze Age Okunevo culture from the Minusinsk Basin in Russia and Neolithic to Bronze Age cultures of the Baikal Region in East Siberia. Special consideration is given to the debate surrounding horse domestication within the Botai Culture, and the key lines of evidence are summarized.

Published
2018
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