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A not satisfactorily solved problem of relativistic transformation of temperature playing the decisive role in relativistic thermal physics and cosmology is reopened. It is shown that the origin of the so called Mosengeil-Ott's antinomy and other aligned paradoxes are related to the wrong understanding of physical meaning of temperature and application of Planck's Ansatz of Lorentz's invariance of entropy. In the contribution we have thus reintroduced and anew analyzed fundamental concepts of hotness manifold, fixed thermometric points and temperature. Finally, on the basis of phenomenological arguments the Lorentz invariance of temperature and relativistic transformations of entropy are established., Comment: 9 pages

In this paper, we discuss some of the consequences of the CGPM (1983) definition of meter and, in particular, we discuss giving the speed of light an exact value. It is shown that this act touches the fundamental paradigms, such as the second postulate of the special theory of relativity (STR), the c-equivalence principle and the method of time synchronization. In order to fill the arising logical gaps, we suggest, among others, to weaken the second postulate of STR to a form directly confirmed by experiments and make new measurements of Maxwell's constant with accuracy comparable with that of the speed of light., Comment: 17 pages, 1 figure

In the present contribution we analyse a simple thought process at T = 0 in an idealized heat engine having partitions made of a material with an upper frequency cut-off and bathed in zero-point (ZP) electromagnetic radiation. As a result, a possible mechanism of filling real cavities with ZP radiation based on Doppler's effect has been suggested and corresponding entropy changes are discussed., Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure

This chapter begins by explaining that cultural literacy is the ability of a community to create relationships, processes, and institutions aimed at multifaceted community development using indigenous resources (natural, human, social, and cultural). Literacy development in a rural community involves three equally important dimensions--social, educational, and cultural--with corresponding modes of action including adult education, social work, and cultural work. The sociocultural gap between a modern society and a rural society leads to a weakening of the rural community's natural ability to institute development efforts and results in a vacuum, mainly in the social and cultural dimensions of the literacy problem. The history of Czech Republic society after 1948 disrupted the integrity of literacy and considerably weakened institutions responsible for these efforts. Since 1987, Receptar--a television program--has successfully simulated the roles of institutions involved in literacy development and the creation of literacy strategies for rural areas. Receptar, which means "book of prescriptions" or "book of recipes," illustrates how modern forms can be linked to premodern content. Information is collected from viewers and is analyzed, checked, and evaluated. Receptar broadcasts have led to countless community development projects that have created new jobs and profits. The success of Receptar demonstrates that when certain institutions responsible for literacy development become dysfunctional or disappear, their function can be taken up by a television program that can serve, on a large scale, as a guide for community development projects and efforts. (LP)