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Papillomavirus (HPV), the virus responsible for the world's leading sexually transmitted disease, is above all the main infectious agent responsible for cancers. The HPV cycle, infection - precancerous lesion -- cancer, is well documented for the Cervix, 44. Other cancers concern anus (24%), oro-pharyngeal sphere (22%), glans penis and vulva. These cancers also concern boys (30% of the total). The vaccination allows a primary and general prevention. "Of all vaccines, the one against human papillomavirus (HPV) has one of the highest impacts on mortality per person" (WHO,2017). Vaccination is recommended in France for girls since 2007 and for boys since 2020. Efficacy and tolerance are excellent. In France, vaccination coverage slowly increasing (< 50% for girls, 12.8 % for boys by 2022), and is still insufficient to have an epidemiological impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To provide an understanding of the changes in sexual function in women with genital warts. Methods: In this review study, databases searched included: PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Wiley, and Highwire Press. No study design limitations were applied to the initial search, and qualitative and quantitative studies published between 2005 and 2021 were included. Results: 19 articles were selected and analyzed narratively. The quality of the studies was almost good. The findings were classified into three groups: The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women with genital warts (GWs) and Human Papillomavirus (HPV); Types of sexual dysfunction in women with genital warts, and associated factors; Psychosexual effects of genital warts. Conclusion: This study provides up-to-date evidence of the changes in sexual function in women with genital warts. Although the results of most studies showed that women with genital warts experienced sexual dysfunction in almost all dimensions, differences in study design and study population made it difficult to determine the specific type of disorder such as libido, or arousal disorders in these women. Based on the findings of this review, more research in this field is recommended for the future. Systematic review registration: (PROSPERO: CRD42020188584, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=188584). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the head and neck region is poorly understood, and their impact on collective HPV‐specific immunity is not known. Materials and methods: In this study, we have performed a systematic analysis of HPV16‐specific cell‐mediated immunity (CMI) in 21 women with known oral and genital HPV DNA status and HPV serology (Ab) based on 6‐year follow‐up data. These women being a subgroup from the Finnish Family HPV Study were recalled for blood sampling to be tested for their CMI‐responses to HPV16 E2, E6, and E7 peptides. Results: The results showed that HPV16 E2‐specific lymphocyte proliferation was more prevalent in women who tested HPV16 DNA negative in oral mucosa and were either HPV16 seropositive or negative than in HPV16 DNA+/Ab+ women (p = 0.046 and p = 0.035). In addition, the HPV16 DNA−/Ab− women most often displayed E6‐specific proliferation (p = 0.020). Proportional cytokine profiles indicated that oral HPV16‐negative women were characterized by prominent IFN‐γ and IL‐5 secretion not found in women with persisting oral HPV16 (p = 0.014 and p = 0.040, respectively). Conclusions: Our results indicate that the naturally arising immune response induced by oral HPV infections displays a mixed Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine profile while women with persisting oral HPV16 might have an impaired HPV16‐specific CMI, shifted partly toward a Th2 profile, similarly as seen earlier among patients with high‐grade genital HPV lesions. Thus, the lack of HPV 16 E2 and E6 specific T memory cells and Th2 cytokines might also predispose women for persistent oral HPV16 infection which might be related to the risk of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study assessed knowledge of cervical cancer and HPV vaccination among secondary school students to help raise knowledge for better uptake among target population. Design and setting: A school based cross-sectional study was conducted among six hundred and thirty female secondary school students in Benin City, Edo state in Nigeria. Intervention and outcome measures: Data was collected using self-administered structured questionnaires, analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22.0 statistical software to assess knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccination categorized as good and poor with level of significance set at p < 0.050 and 95% Confidence interval. Results: The mean age of respondents was 14.47 ± 1.25 years. Three hundred and fifty-one (55.7%) and 370 (58.7%) had heard of the term HPV and HPV vaccine respectively. Two hundred and twenty-seven (36.0%) of respondents studied had good knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccination while 403 (64.0%) had poor knowledge. Age group [OR, 0.357, 95% CI, 0.380 - 0.612; p<0.001], class [OR, 0.768, 95% CI, 0.11 - 0.40; p=0.033] Nuclear family type [OR, 0.297, 95% CI, 0.12 - 0.69; p=0.005] and monogamous family setting [OR, 12.274, 95% CI, 3.67 - 40.93; p<0.001] of respondents were significant determinants of knowledge. Conclusion: Knowledge of cervical cancer, risk factors and benefit of HPV vaccination was poor among respondents. Integrating cervical cancer awareness into secondary school curriculum with engagement of relevant Government Agencies, Groups and Organization through various media platforms will help raise knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Approximately 50% of cervical cancer cases are diagnosed in women who have not been screened previously. It has been observed in some centres that co-testing with LBC and HR-HPV identifies those with current precancerous lesions and those with an active HR-HPV for management. The procedure has not been examined in our setting so as to enable consideration for use in the diagnostic process. Objective: To determine LBC and HR-HPV findings in women over 29 years old who had no previous screening for cervical cancer at Cimas MEDLABS. Design: Cross sectional descriptive study Materials and Methods: Women with no prior history of cervical screening were recruited into this study. A Thin Prep 2000 machine was used process the LBC specimens. The 2014 Bethesda System was used to report the smears. HR-HPV DNA testing was done using the Cepheid Xpert HPV qualitative test. Results: There were 1446 co-tested specimens; the mean (SD) age of study participants was 38.7 (8.3) years and the range was 30-79 years. Tests results showed the following: NILM/HPV- (n=1149, 79.5%), NILM/HPV+ (n=265, 18.3%), = ASCUS/HPV+ (n=23, 1.6%), ASCUS/HPV- (n=9, 0.6%). The = ASCUS lesions were distributed as follows: ASCUS = 25, LSIL = 6 and HSIL = 1. The co-testing approach identified 297 (20.5%) women with a higher risk of developing cervical cancer (= ASCUS and HPV+ patients) for follow up according to established protocols. Conclusion: Approximately a fifth (20.5%) of unscreened women had either a precancerous lesion or an active HR-HPV infection and required follow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate human papillomavirus (HPV)-related knowledge of women aged 18–25 years and estimate the reported uptake of HPV vaccine and testing. A cross-sectional study was conducted among female students of the University of Cyprus between March and April 2017. The participants self-completed a questionnaire, which consisted of 37 items on demographics, general HPV-related knowledge, and HPV vaccination and testing. In total, 283 young females (mean age: 19.7 ± 1.5 years) took part in the study. Of these, about half (53.7%) reported that they were aware of HPV; one-third (30.7%) reported having been vaccinated; 38.8% had been informed of the recent introduction of the HPV vaccine in the National Immunization Schedule in Cyprus, while 14.3% reported a previous Pap-test and 3.4% a previous HPV DNA test. The mean Overall Knowledge Index (max: 25 correct answers) was 6.1 (±3.8) and was positively associated with the reported uptake of the HPV vaccine (adjusted Odds ratio: 1.14, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.04–1.24). Knowledge about HPV has to be improved as it is associated with increased reported rates of HPV vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) was used to identify ways in which community clinic practices related to suboptimal human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates could be improved. Method FMEA is a standardized safety method that helps determine where processes fail, the impact of failures, and needed process changes. In a quality improvement initiative conducted at an academic health center–based community clinic, a multidisciplinary team used FMEA to map HPV vaccination processes and identify areas for improvement of vaccination practices. Risk priority numbers (RPNs) were assigned to identified failure modes based on likelihood of occurrence, likelihood of detection, and ability to correct locally. Failure modes with the highest RPNs were targeted for process improvements. Results High RPN failure modes were related to clinic processes for follow-up, immunization status checks during well-child visits, and vaccination discussions during sick-child visits. New procedures included scheduling follow-up vaccinations and reminders during the initial vaccination appointment. HPV immunization rates improved following implementation of these procedures, indicating that clinic processes focused on patient follow-up can impact vaccination series completion. Conclusion FMEA processes can help health systems identify workflow barriers and locally relevant opportunities for improvement. Team-based approaches to care process improvements can also benefit from standardized problem identification and solving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rates of HPV vaccination among adolescent Hispanic males lag far behind the Healthy People 2020 80% goal. This study identified Hispanic mothers' salient beliefs regarding having their sons initiate the HPV vaccine series. Twenty-seven Hispanic mothers completed in-depth interviews. They responded to questions that elicited the salient behavioral, normative and control beliefs associated with initiating the HPV vaccine series. We content analyzed their responses. We found that, regarding having their sons initiate the HPV vaccine, mothers: (1) express mostly positive feelings; (2) believe that the vaccine has positive effects, with side effects as the main negative effect; (3) believe that their sons' father and doctor support vaccination while some friends do not; and (4) believe that vaccine affordability, transportation and the support of their sons' father facilitate vaccine initiation. Overall, mothers held positive salient beliefs about the HPV vaccine including that it protects their son's health, has minimal side effects and is recommended by physicians. We are more likely to increase vaccination rates among adolescent Hispanic males if we address mothers' salient beliefs, including reinforcing their positive beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is an effective mechanism to prevent HPV-associated cancers; however, uptake is low among women aged 18–26. Religiosity/spirituality is associated with sexual health decision-making. This study examined the role of religious/spiritual beliefs on HPV vaccination among college women (N = 307) using logistic regression and mediation analyses. Findings indicate that sexual activity is the main factor associated with HPV vaccination; and sexual activity fully mediates the relationship between religious/spiritual beliefs and HPV vaccination. Health promotion efforts should highlight the importance of HPV vaccination regardless of current sexual activity and may benefit from partnerships with religious/spiritual organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To design and evaluate pharmacy student-led educational sessions to improve health beliefs about the HPV vaccine in college-aged students. Participants: Students aged 18–26 attending a large, urban university, including 545 respondents to a December 2014 needs assessment survey about HPV-related health beliefs, 131 students participating in educational sessions during 2015–2016 (intervention group), and 369 undergraduate respondents completing the needs assessment survey (control group). Methods: A needs assessment survey was conducted to inform design and implementation of pharmacy student-led educational sessions. A similar survey was administered to students after attending educational sessions. Health beliefs were compared for the intervention versus control group. Results: The intervention group was less likely to report high perceived barriers to HPV vaccination and more likely to report high perceived benefits and intention to vaccinate (if previously unvaccinated). Conclusions: Pharmacy student-led, health belief-based educational sessions were associated with improved health beliefs about HPV vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study investigated potential factors associated with HPV vaccine uptake in a diverse population of traditional-age undergraduate students. Participants: One hundred and twenty-nine undergraduate students aged 18–24 attending a small southeastern university completed surveys in January to March of 2013. Methods: Questionnaires included demographic information, basic HPV knowledge, HPV vaccine uptake, and factors influencing uptake decision. Survey results were analyzed with chi-square and t-test analyses. Results: Vaccine uptake was significantly higher in students who reported that health care provider, public health information, parents, and access to vaccine were important factors in their decision to get vaccinated. Female students had a significantly higher vaccine uptake in comparison to males and the HPV knowledge scores differed significantly by race but not gender. Conclusions: It is especially important to consider how public health campaigns and communication with parents and health care providers help promote HPV vaccine uptake in this high-risk group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to assess the association between relationship status and perceived risk for human papillomavirus (HPV) among young adults. College adults, aged 18–26 years, completed an online survey from November 2016–April 2017 (n = 385). The survey assessed HPV vaccination status, perceived HPV risk, and current relationship status. Logistic regression models estimated the odds of perceived high risk for HPV, stratified by vaccination status. Among unvaccinated women, relationship status and HPV risk perception were significantly associated, with dating women more likely (OR = 5.33, 95%CI 1.16–24.50) to perceive a high risk for HPV compared to women in a committed relationship. Women in relationships were less likely to perceive themselves at high risk for HPV, even though HPV infection is prevalent among young adults. This association is not present for vaccinated women, suggesting that relationship status and risk perceptions may represent barriers to HPV vaccine uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite a reduction in the prevalence of vaccine-preventable types of human papillomavirus (HPV), attributed to increased HPV vaccine uptake, HPV continues to be a major cause of cancer in the United States. Methods: We assessed factors associated with self-reported HPV vaccine uptake, HPV vaccination effectiveness, using DNA testing to assess HPV types 16 and/or 18 (HPV 16/18) positivity, and patterns of HPV vaccination in 375 women aged 21–29 years who were eligible to receive catch-up vaccination, using baseline data collected from March 2012 to December 2014 from a randomized controlled trial evaluating a novel approach to cervical cancer screening. Results: More than half (n = 228, 60.8%) of participants reported receipt of at least one HPV vaccine dose and 16 (4.3%) tested positive for HPV 16/18 at baseline. College-educated participants were four times more likely to have been vaccinated than those reporting high school education or less. 56.5% of HPV-vaccinated participants reported first dose after age 18 and 68.4% after first vaginal intercourse. Women vaccinated after age 18 and women vaccinated after first vaginal intercourse were somewhat more likely to be infected with HPV 16/18 infection compared with women vaccinated earlier, but these associations did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: HPV vaccination is common among college-educated women in the catch-up population but less common among those without college education. Contrary to current guidelines, catch-up females frequently obtain HPV vaccination after age 18 and first vaginal intercourse. Women without a college education represent an ideal population for targeted HPV vaccination efforts that emphasize vaccination before sexual debut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess the safety of human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccines by using data from the "Nagoya City Cervical Cancer Immunization Program Survey". Methods: Unadjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated between HPV‐vaccinated cases and un‐vaccinated controls. Age‐stratified analyses were performed to evaluate the interaction between age and events. Adjusted ORs were also estimated with multiple logistic regression models. Results: In the 15–16‐year‐old group, the unadjusted ORs were significantly higher for symptoms of memory impairment, dyscalculia, and involuntary movement. The age‐adjusted multivariate analyses demonstrated that the vaccinated cases were less likely than the unvaccinated controls to have experienced symptoms in almost all symptoms, except for two symptoms such as involuntary movement and weakness. However, study period‐adjusted multivariate analyses demonstrated that the vaccinated cases were significantly more likely than un‐vaccinated controls to have experienced symptoms of memory impairment and involuntary movement. Conclusions: Based on our analysis using data from the Nagoya City surveillance survey, a possible association between HPV vaccination and distinct symptoms such as cognitive impairment or movement disorders exists. A consistent causal relationship between HPV vaccination and these symptoms remains uncertain. However, given the seriousness of symptoms, we believe that a more comprehensive and large‐scale study is essential to confirm the safety of HPV vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for over 33,000 cancer diagnoses each year in the United States. HPV vaccination rates remain 25%–30% lower than other preteen immunizations. Objective: The aim of this project was to increase the HPV vaccination rate among adolescents presenting to a school-based health center (SBHC) using provider recommendation and parent education. Methods: This project examined whether HPV vaccine acceptance improved over 8 weeks following implementation of a clinic policy requiring immunization records to be reviewed at every visit, along with providing parents with written recommendations and education. Results: Thirty-six students were found to be lacking HPV vaccination. Parents of these children received written recommendations and education on the HPV vaccine. Fifteen parents consented to the HPV vaccine for their child, a 1400% increase in HPV vaccine acceptance when compared to the same time period in 2017. Conclusions: This study found that a SBHC practice initiative led to an increase in HPV vaccine acceptance. There was also an increase in the acceptance of other vaccines such as Tdap, MenACWY, and Influenza. Implications for Nursing: Provider recommendation was influential in improving HPV vaccination rates. SBHC are an ideal alternative setting to improve vaccine acceptance among parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Sub-Saharan Africa is a region of both high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and anal cancer incidence. We conducted the first national study in Togo to assess human papillomavirus (HPV), HIV, and other sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods A multicentric cross-sectional study was conducted among MSM recruited in 4 Togolese cities. Anal swabs were collected to test HPV, herpes simplex virus (HSV), and 7 STIs. Results Among the 207 MSM, HIV and high-risk HPV (hrHPV) overall prevalence were 26.1% and 44.9%, respectively. The most common hrHPV types were HPV-35 (15.0%) and HPV-16 (13.0%). Prevalence of hrHPV and multiple HPV infections were higher among HIV-infected than among HIV-uninfected MSM (85.2% vs 30.7%, P < 10–5 and 85.2% vs 28.7%, P < 10–5, respectively). Other STIs, except hepatitis B virus, were also more prevalent among HIV-infected MSM (Neisseria gonorrhoeae , P =.03; Mycoplasma genitalium , P =.04; HSV-2, P =.001; and a trend for Chlamydia trachomatis , P =.06). In multivariate analysis (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]), HIV (10.1 [4.0–25.6]), living in Lomé (2.8 [1.1–7.1]), HSV-2 excretion (26.7 [2.9–244.3]), C. trachomatis (11.7 [2.3–58.9]), and M. genitalium infection (9.6 [3.1–29.9]) were associated with increased risk of hrHPV infection. Conclusions We report a high burden of anal STIs with an unusual hrHPV type distribution among MSM, highlighting the critical need of implementation of a national strategy regarding prevention of STIs and vaccination against HPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Altmetrics, or alternative metrics, have recently emerged as a web‐based metrics measuring the impact of research with an emphasis on the public engagement with the research output. In this study, we aimed to identify and analyze research articles about oral cancer that provoked the most online attention. Methods: Altmetric Explorer was used to identify articles about oral cancer that generated the highest online attention. Descriptive and correlational statistics were performed, and the top 100 articles were identified and analyzed. Results: A total of 7,940 articles were identified. Topics were mostly discussed on Facebook, Twitter, Mendeley, and news outlets. The top 100 articles that generated the highest online attention discussed mainly topics related to treatment outcomes and quality of life. Human papilloma virus (HPV) was the most commonly discussed individual topic in the list of top 100 outputs (n = 20). Most articles originated from the USA (n = 46) and Europe (n = 33; mainly from UK [24 articles]). Articles were published in 47 journals that belong to different specialities; journals with a social media account had significantly higher Altmetric scores for their articles compared to those without an account. Conclusion: Topics of general interest to the public such as HPV transmission and vaccination, risk factors, and treatment generated the highest online attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: There are disparities in the uptake of HPV vaccine among racial/ethnic minority women. The strongest predictor of HPV vaccine uptake among adult women is health care provider (HCP) recommendation; however, it is unclear how issues relating to race/ethnicity may mitigate these recommendations. Research shows that racial/ethnic and gender concordance between a patient and HCP can improve patient satisfaction, access and quality of care. If concordance contributes to improved patient-provider interactions, then it may be a factor in patient decisions regarding HPV vaccination. The objectives of this study were to (1) explore gender and ethnicity HCP preference regarding HPV vaccination among unvaccinated; and (2) understand factors associated with those preferences. Design: Unvaccinated Latina college students (n = 187) completed a survey that assessed HCP preferences, medical mistrust, cultural assimilation and HPV vaccine recommendation. Logistic regression models evaluated associations between above variables with HPV knowledge and preference for a female and/or Latina HCP. Results: Most respondents had health insurance (71%), a regular HCP (64%), were US-born (67%), with foreign-born parents (74%). Thirty-four percent and 18% agreed that they would be more likely to get the HPV vaccine if the recommending HCP was female and Latino, respectively. Latina women reporting higher medical mistrust preferred a HPV vaccine recommendation from a Latino/a provider. Conclusions: Latinas' preferences regarding gender and ethnicity of their HCPs may affect patient-provider interactions. Increasing diversity and cultural awareness among HCPs, and providing linguistically and culturally-appropriate information may decrease patient-provider mistrust, increase uptake of the HPV vaccine, and decrease persistent cervical cancer disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young adulthood is a critical time for catch-up HPV vaccination. We assessed predictors of vaccine recommendation and initiation among college students. We analysed cross-sectional surveys from 2397 students using multivariable logistic regressions. Guided by the Socio-ecological and Health Belief Models, measures included socio-demographic characteristics, intrapersonal measures (e.g. vaccine beliefs), interpersonal measures (e.g. doctor's recommendation) and institutional-level measures (e.g. college settings). The sample included students from private, public, technical and historically black colleges/universities. Of the sample, 64.5% were White; additionally, 48.3% of women (n = 750/1552) and 18.8% of men (n = 159/845) received a doctor's recommendation. Among women, predictors included older age, US-born, higher parental education and attending private schools. Among men, predictors included younger age, being homosexual and attending private schools. HPV vaccine series initiation was low—43.3% of women (n = 672) and 16.7% of men (n = 141). Doctor's recommendation predicted initiation for both sexes. Younger women, women attending technical colleges and men of 'multiple/other' race had lower odds of initiation. Common initiation barriers for both sexes included a lack of doctor recommendation and sexual inactivity. These barriers and the associations between nativity, race and socio-economic status with vaccine recommendation and initiation should be further investigated. Interventions should improve patient–provider communication around HPV vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) are available in Europe since 2006. They have been highly effective in preventing infection and disease caused by the vaccine types. Clinical efficacy data are available for cervical, vulvovaginal and anal precancer and invasive cervical cancer. Disease reduction is best with early vaccination and a coverage of more than 70%. Gender-neutral vaccination provides direct protection for all men and improves the coverage. A good coverage is followed by herd protection of the unvaccinated men and women. School-based programs appear to be most effective; under the age of 15 years, two doses with an interval of 6–12 months are sufficient. From the age of 15 years, the standard regimen with three doses is recommended. A broad catch-up program for young adult women and men improves the effectiveness. The vaccines are also effective in sexually active women and men with previous but cleared infections. Vaccination in addition to local treatment of HPV-related disease appears to reduce recurrent or subsequent HPV-related disease. Combination of HPV vaccination and screening with HPV testing is the most effective approach to prevention of cervical cancer. The screening intervals may increase in the vaccinated cohorts. The upper age limit for vaccination remains to be evaluated, is country specific and depends on cost-effectiveness. The European Society of Gynaecologic Oncology and the European Federation for Colposcopy strongly support gender-neutral vaccination programs for children and young adolescents, with a catch-up program for young adults. • Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is highly effective in preventing cervical disease caused by the vaccine types. • It further reduces the burden of other HPV-related cancers, such as anal, oropharyngeal, vulvar and vaginal cancer. • School-based programs appear to be more cost-effective. • The vaccines have excellent safety profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing upon health behavior change theories, the current study examined whether self-efficacy mediated relationships between social-cognitive factors (i.e., perceived risk, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived severity, and cue to action) and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination intentions among college women. Unvaccinated women (N = 115) aged 18 to 25 years attending a Midwestern university completed an anonymous web-based survey assessing study variables. Correlational analyses and mediation analyses were conducted. Self-efficacy mediated relationships between two social-cognitive factors (i.e., perceived barriers to HPV vaccination—indirect effect = −.16, SE =.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [−.31, −.06]—and perceived risk of HPV-related conditions—indirect effect =.16, SE =.09, 95% CI = [.01,.37]) and HPV vaccination intentions but was unrelated to the other three social-cognitive factors. Based on these findings, future research should test whether increasing self-efficacy through education on risk of HPV-related conditions and reducing barriers to HPV vaccination improves vaccine uptake in college women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The study aimed to assess the impact of HPV immunization campaigns organizational aspects, the characteristics of immunization program (vaccination targets and type of offer), and communicative strategies adopted by four Italian administrative regions on vaccination coverage observed. Methods. From November 2017 to March 2018, regional and Local Health Units (LHUs) representatives were invited to complete an online survey including 54 questions evaluating vaccination invite systems, access systems to vaccination centres, reminder and recall systems, and adverse events surveillance. An overall descriptive analysis was conducted. Since observed vaccine coverage (VC) obtained in females (2002-2004 birth cohorts) was lower than objectives fixed by the Italian Ministry of Health, variables were assessed using the national VC mean obtained in the 2003 girls birth cohort as outcome. Results. Twenty-six LHUs belonging to 4 Northern and Southern Italian regions participated in the study. Organizational aspects significantly related to VC lower than the national mean were access to vaccine centres without appointment and parents' reservation as appointment planning system. Recall systems for both the first and the second dose, including the appointment in the invitation letter, the availability of regional immunization registry, and education of healthcare workers on universal HPV immunization strategies, instead, were related to higher VC. As regards preadolescent immunization strategies, both VC obtained in girls and boys were far from the Ministerial goals. Only 20% of LHUs introduced multicohort female strategies while all LHUs adopted copayment targeting both men and women. Immunizations strategies targeting subjects at risk were implemented only in half of participating LHUs. Conclusions. VC observed in participating LHUs are largely lower than the national objectives in all anti-HPV vaccine targets. Both organizational and educational strategies have to be implemented to improve the VC goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of 31-year-old male presented with a complaint of a lump in his left neck and nasal congestion. It mentions diagnosis of human papillomavirus (HPV) oropharyngeal cancer; and also mentions need for the primary care provider (PCP) to address sexual health history and initiate conversations about sexual behaviors.

Cervical cancer is a preventable disease. HPV infection has been linked to more than 90% of cervical cancers. A vaccine to prevent the acquisition of HPV has been available since 2006. The purpose of this study was to investigate women's perceptions of cervical cancer prevention, including HPV vaccination. A reproductive justice framework guided data collection and analysis. In 2016, researchers conducted 70 in-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews with women aged 19–78 years in South Carolina. A purposive sampling approach was employed to maximize requisite variety based on social, economic, and environmental axes of inequality. Participants self-identified as white (53%), African American (33%), and Hispanic (9%). Data analysis included an inductive constant comparative method to identify patterns and themes across the interviews. Misinformation about the prevalence and risk of HPV and cervical cancer led to "othering" of women with HPV-related diagnoses based on the flawed assumption of not being at risk. Participants described a lack of knowledge about the effectiveness and safety of the HPV vaccine. Social norms influenced participants' perceptions of HPV vaccination and cervical cancer, including concerns about sexual activity and intergenerational communication. Participants' social construction of identity, including race/ethnicity, socioeconomic position, ability, age, gender, sexual orientation, and immigration status, impacted their perceptions of cervical cancer screening and the HPV vaccine. In particular, participants believed that the HPV vaccine was "only for girls" and identified gender norms that limited uptake. Participants described barriers to accessing health care and cervical cancer screening, including cost, health insurance, and life changes (e.g., pregnancy, relocating). Many participants experienced an abnormal Papanicolaou test and described follow-up care, including biopsies and treatment for cervical dysplasia. Findings from this study offer insight into women's identity and perceptions of cervical cancer prevention. Results provide practical recommendations to increase women's agency in the development of successful public health interventions. • Misinformation about the prevalence and risk of HPV and cervical cancer was common. • Medicalization, including the frequency of abnormal Pap tests, disempowered women. • Social norms influenced concerns about sexual activity and stigma. • Participants' identity impacted perceptions of cervical cancer prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: School nurses and personnel play a vital role in promoting the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with school nurses' and personnel's professional practice to provide parents with HPV vaccine information and to encourage parents to vaccinate their child against HPV. METHODS: School nurses and personnel from Ohio and Missouri completed a survey to assess their professional practice in providing HPV vaccine information and encouraging parents to vaccinate their child against HPV. Independent variables included demographics, HPV knowledge/attitudes, perceptions of their as an opinion leader for the HPV vaccine, self‐efficacy to provide vaccine education, and perception of school district support. RESULTS: Providing parents with HPV vaccine information was predicted by age, role within the school, grade‐serving, knowledge, perceptions, self‐efficacy, and district support; accounting for 38% of the variance (p < .000, R2 = .38). Encouraging parents to vaccinate their child against HPV was predicted by perception, self‐efficacy, and grade‐serving; accounting for 39% of the variance (p < .000, R2 = .39). CONCLUSIONS: To enhance school nurses' and personnel's professional practice, interventions should focus on nurses' and personnel's perception of their role as opinion leaders and self‐efficacy to provide HPV education and vaccine recommendation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To examine situations of vulnerability to human papillomavirus in the social representations of young women. Background: Human papillomavirus is one of the most frequent sexually transmitted infections among women and constitutes a serious health problem among youth. This problem is embedded in psychosocial issues that promote situations of vulnerability and affect attitudes and behaviour in relation to prevention. Methods: Qualitative study based on the theory of social representations, conducted among 64 female students in a high school in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study used personal semi‐structured interviews, with a lexical analysis by Alceste 2010 software. Findings: The inefficacy of information on the human papillomavirus pointed out individual and social vulnerabilities, and showed relationships between the difficulty of access and the perception of low quality in public health services, which also promotes institutional vulnerability. Discussion: The representation of vulnerability to human papillomavirus infection is associated, not only with individual behaviours related to sexuality and gender identity but also to social and institutional conditions involving insufficient information and low quality of and ineffective access to public health services. Conclusion: Situations of vulnerability of young women to human papillomavirus infection influence ways of thinking and acting, when they generate feelings and behaviours that put them at risk. The social representations provided knowledge about how the participants appropriated consensual and reified universes in relation to vulnerability, influencing care and awareness of prevention. Implication for nursing and health policy: Situations of vulnerability, whether individual, social or institutional, warrant the attention of nurses and should be prioritized as public health policy goals to reduce the number of cases of human papillomavirus infection among younger women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is routinely recommended for adolescents at age 11 or 12 years for protection from cancers and other diseases caused by HPV infection. In 2012, only 53.8% of females and 20.8% of males aged 13–17 received one or more doses of HPV vaccine. Due to low vaccination uptake, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention supported the efforts of several national partner organizations to help raise HPV vaccination rates. National partners include the Academic Pediatric Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Cancer Society, the National Area Health Education Centers Organization, and the National Association of County and City Health Officials. These national partners have focused on improving provider education on effective HPV vaccine recommendations, prioritizing HPV vaccination, forming strong partnerships, developing and disseminating HPV vaccination resources for members and the public, and quality improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among rural and underserved areas, existing disparities are very well studied, but current perceptions of HPV vaccination among parents are unknown. This study was designed using a survey administered to parents of children eligible for the HPV vaccine at community events throughout Central and Northern Michigan. These data suggest that the most important factor leading to successful vaccination is a conversation with a PCP. However, when the geographic location of these parents is considered, non-metropolitan parents were more concerned with the underlying safety and efficacy with the vaccine. This underscores the importance of tailoring a conversation with parents to meet their needs and concerns to lead to highest vaccination rates, and ultimately prevent HPV-related cervical cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing HPV vaccination rates may decrease the disproportionately high HPV-associated disease incidence and mortality in African Americans (AA) and lower socioeconomic individuals. Data from a community-based participatory research (CBPR) study addressing immunization disparities among 19–35 month old children was analyzed to identify ancillary benefits in HPV immunization rates for adolescent siblings. Sub-study analysis inclusion criteria: AA (N = 118), 13–17 years old, younger sibling enrolled in parent study, and enrolled ≥ 9 months. Parent/caregiver interventions included: a web-based immunization toolkit with information on age-appropriate vaccines; a multimedia community outreach campaign; and reminder mailings. HPV up-to-date (UTD) status was defined as Wisconsin Immunization Registry (WIR) documentation of at least three HPV vaccines. McNemar's test compared pre/post intervention HPV status. Two dependent proportions testing compared the proportion of adolescents that became UTD in the study cohort, City of Milwaukee, and State of Wisconsin. Parents/caregivers perceived that 92% of adolescents were HPV-UTD, while only 24% had a WIR-verified HPV-UTD status. Baseline UTD status of the younger siblings 19–35 month old 4:3:1:3:3:1:4 antigen series was 63%, which increased to 86% at study completion. Adolescent's HPV-UTD immunization status increased from 30 (25%) at enrollment to 54 (46%) at study completion [p = 0.004]. A statistically significant larger proportion of adolescents became HPV-UTD in the study cohort (20%) compared to the City of Milwaukee [14%, p = 0.042] and the State of Wisconsin [14%, p = 0.046]. A culturally-tailored CBPR approach targeting parents/caregivers of younger AA children can have significant ancillary benefit to increase HPV immunization rates in adolescent siblings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HPV-related cancers can be prevented through HPV vaccination, however uptake and completion of the vaccination in the state of Georgia remains suboptimal. The research team conducted two online focus groups with members of the Georgia Cancer Control Consortium HPV Work Group in efforts to better understand the role that the working group could have on increasing vaccination uptake and completion in the state of Georgia. Analysis of the focus groups was completed using a Grounded Theory approach. Various aspects of the Working Group were discussed throughout the focus groups with a number of key points for growth identified both by the participants during the discussion, and by the research team during analysis. Predominantly, a primary point for growth of the Working Group lies in building its capacity to collectively conduct HPV vaccination-related activities. An online webportal specifically designed for the Working Group was identified as a tool for improving Working Group communication, sharing best practices and resources, and to collectively develop activities, research projects, and HPV vaccine promotion events in a culturally competent and age appropriate manner in efforts to improve vaccine uptake and completion throughout the state of Georgia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne, facultative intracellular bacterium that causes severe diseases such as sepsis and meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised hosts. Because it stimulates robust T-lymphocyte-mediated responses, attenuated L. monocytogenes are candidate vaccine vectors for tumor immunotherapy. Case: We report a case of bacteremia caused by vaccine strain L. monocytogenes (Axalimogene filolisbac) occurring 31 months after immunization against human papilloma virus (HPV) associated cervical cancer. Conclusion: Receipt of a L. monocytogenes-based vaccine is a novel risk factor for delayed L. monocytogenes bacteremia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rate in Japan fell to nearly 0% following widespread coverage of possible adverse events. Developing a next approach to promote the effective prevention of HPV‐related diseases including cervical cancer (CC) in Japan requires comprehensive understanding of knowledge and attitudes regarding CC prevention, HPV infection and HPV vaccination among the population including laypersons and medical professions in Japan. Methods: A questionnaire survey was administered in a wide variety of settings in Japan. The questionnaire contained items on knowledge about CC, HPV infection and HPV vaccination; awareness of the HPV vaccine's effectiveness and associated adverse events; and attitudes toward the HPV vaccination for their daughters and for men/boys. Results: Of 3033 targeted people, complete survey responses were received from 1182 men and 1602 women (total: 2784). The male laypersons' group had significantly lower knowledge than did the female laypersons' group (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 3.86, P < 0.001). Compared with the male laypersons' group, the female laypersons' group tended to have less positive attitudes toward HPV vaccination for their daughters (aOR = 0.78, P = 0.006), but the female laypersons' group showed more positive attitudes toward vaccinating men/boys (aOR = 1.93, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The survey results indicated that men in Japan generally lacked knowledge and awareness of HPV‐related diseases and their prevention. However, women had more negative attitudes toward HPV vaccination for their daughters than did men. Increasing male involvement in HPV prevention and changing women's perceptions of the HPV vaccine are essential steps to increase the HPV vaccination rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine is an effective but underused cancer prevention tool. This study assessed knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccine initiation among Mexican-born farmworkers in North Carolina. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were conducted with 100 Latino farmworkers and 100 nonfarmworker Latino North Carolina residents in 2015 as part of an ongoing community-based participatory research project. Farmworkers had low levels of knowledge about HPV and the HPV vaccine. They had a similar amount of HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge compared to nonfarmworkers. Farmworkers and nonfarmworkers learned about the HPV vaccine from different sources. Adolescent children of farmworkers and nonfarmworkers had low HPV vaccine initiation. However, for children living in the United States with farmworker parents, vaccine initiation was high. To prevent HPV-related cancers and improve health equity, interventions are needed in order to increase HPV education and vaccine initiation among children of Mexican-born farmworkers and nonfarmworkers. Public health programs should look for partners outside the traditional health care setting to reach underserved populations. Other key strategies include promoting catch-up vaccines, improving patient–provider communication, and providing case management services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Despite cancer prevention benefits associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, uptake in the United States is relatively low among males and females. Our objective was to use the Healthy People 2020 social determinants of health framework to determine the availability and characteristics of data on economic, educational, social, health care, and community factors affecting HPV vaccine uptake in the United States. Methods: We included the most recent data sets from 6 publicly available, US-based, federally funded surveys that contained at least 1 measure of HPV vaccination among adolescents and young adults. We searched each data set for any social determinants of health measures within the 5 domains of the framework: economic stability, education, social and community context, health and health care, and neighborhood and built environment. Results: The social determinants of health domains of education, economic stability, and health and health care appeared in all data sets. The domains of social and community context and neighborhood and built environment appeared in only 3 data sets. Even when domains were represented, we discovered gaps in the data sets, in which only limited measures of the social determinants were available. Conclusion: The addition of questions about the social determinants of health to the surveys that generate these data sets, particularly in the domains of social and community context and neighborhood and built environment, would strengthen the ability of public health researchers, policy makers, and professionals to identify associations between the social determinants of health and HPV vaccine uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. HPV infection is a highly infectious disease; about 65% of partners of individuals with genital warts will develop genital condylomatosis. Only in 20-30% it regresses spontaneously and relapse rates range deeply (9-80%). Echinacea extracts possess antiviral and immunomodulator activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the therapy, using a formulation based on HPVADL18® (on dry extracts of 200 mg Echinacea Purpurea (EP) roots plus E. Angustifolia (EA)), on the posttreatment relapse incidence of genital condylomatosis. Materials and Methods. It is a prospective single-arm study. Patients with a satisfactory and positive vulvoscopy, colposcopy, or peniscopy for genital condylomatosis were divided into two random groups and subjected to destructive therapy with Co2 Laser. Group A (N=64) immediately after the laser therapy started a 4-month treatment with oral HPVADL18®; Group B (N=61) did not undergo any additional therapy. Patients were subjected to a follow-up after 1, 6, and 12 months. Differences in relapse incidence between the two groups during follow-up controls were evaluated by χ2-test; the groups were stratified by age, gender, and condylomatosis extension degree. Results and Discussion. Gender, age, and condyloma lesions' extension degree showed no statistically significant differences between the two trial groups. The relapse incidence differs statistically between the two studied groups and progressively decreases during the 12 months after treatment in both groups. Statistically significant reduction of relapse rates has been shown in Group A in patients over 25 years old. This difference is significant for both men and women. The relapse incidence is superior in case of extended condylomatosis. Conclusions. In conclusion, the presence of a latent infection causes condylomatosis relapse; in order to reduce the relapse risk an induction of a protective immune response seems to be essential to allow rapid viral clearance from genital areas surrounding lesion and treatment zones. Echinacea promotes this process. EP and EA dry root extracts seem to be a valid adjuvant therapy in reducing relapse incidence of lesions in patients treated for genital condylomatosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately 27,000 men and women are affected by human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancer every year. The Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) routinely recommend that adolescents receive HPV, tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis [Tdap]) and meningococcal (MCV) vaccines at age 11-12 years. Although the CDC and professional organizations such as the American Academy of Pediatrics make national vaccine recommendations, according to the National Vaccine Information Center, it is the responsibility of "state health departments to make and enforce vaccine mandates for school entry." The Pennsylvania Department of Health has only mandated two of the recommended three vaccinations: Tdap and MCV. As of 2016, 92% of adolescents aged 13-17 years in Pennsylvania received the Tdap vaccine and 92.7% received the MCV. However, only 58% of females and 44.4% of males aged 13-17 years received all three doses of the HPV vaccine. A comparison of HPV vaccine rates in states with school mandates was compared with Pennsylvania rates. Human papillomavirus vaccination rates were found to be significantly higher in the District of Columbia and Rhode Island, which have HPV vaccine school-entry requirements, supporting the need for a statewide HPV mandate in Pennsylvania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the prevalence of infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) and HIV in a cohort of young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men [sexual minority men (SMM)]. HPV vaccination uptake was assessed; HIV antibody testing was performed and genetic testing for oral and anal HPV infection was undertaken. We examined both HPV vaccination and infection in relation to key demographic and structural variables. Participants (n = 486) were on average 23 years old; 70% identified as a member of a racial/ethnic minority group, and 7% identified as transgender females. Only 18.1% of the participants indicated having received the full dosage of HPV vaccination and 45.1% were unvaccinated. Slightly over half the participants (58.6%) were infected with HPV, with 58.1% testing positive for anal infection and 8.8% for oral infection. HIV seropositivity was associated with infection to oral HPV [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.03] and vaccine-preventable HPV, whereas both neighborhood-level poverty (AOR = 1.68) and HIV infection (AOR = 31.13) were associated with anal infection to HPV (AOR = 1.68). Prevalence of HPV infection is high among unvaccinated young SMM, despite the availability and eligibility for vaccination. HPV infection adds further health burden to these populations and is particularly concerning for those who are HIV positive as HIV infection increases the risk of developing HPV-related cancers. These findings underscore a missed prevention opportunity for an at-risk and underserved population and suggest the need for active strategies to increase HPV vaccination uptake in young SMM before the onset of sexual behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV), the causative agent of cervical cancer, can be screened for using self‐collected vaginal samples (self‐testing). This may overcome barriers to screening for Māori women who suffer a greater burden of cervical disease than New Zealand European women. Aims: This study aimed to explore the potential acceptability of HPV self‐testing for never/under‐screened (self‐reported no cervical screen in 4+ years, aged 25+) Māori women by Kaupapa Māori (by, with and for Māori) mixed methods, involving hui (focus groups/interviews) and survey. Materials and Methods: Community‐based researchers ran hui with women in four regions (N = 106) and supported hui participants to collect survey data (N = 397). Healthcare providers (HCPs) were also interviewed (N = 17). Hui data were thematically analysed. Survey data were analysed by age group, rural/urban, primary health organisation (PHO) enrolment, and time since last cervical screen. Results: Most survey participants were PHO‐enrolled (87.15%) and attended regularly (71.79%), but did not attend regular cervical screening. A desire for bodily autonomy, including whakamā (embarrassment/shyness/reticence), was the most frequently cited barrier. Three in four women reported being likely/very likely to do an HPV self‐test. Nine in ten women reported being likely/very likely to attend follow up if they receive a positive HPV test result. Women and HCPs in the hui emphasised the importance of health literacy, cultural competence and empathetic support. Conclusion: The findings indicate that with a culturally competent introduction of HPV self‐testing, many currently never/under‐screened Māori women would be willing to be screened and followed up if necessary. HPV self‐testing has the potential to save lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Vaccination against HPV is one of the most important preventive interventions in the fight against cervical cancer. In our country, the two-volume (HPV2) and the four-volume (HPV4) vaccine against HPV are available to teenagers and young women. Aim: To record the attitude and receptiveness of women's occupational health on vaccination against HPV. Material and Method: For the collection of the data, used the questionnaire of the research program "Lysistrate", from University of Thessaloniki during the period March - April 2016, in women health professionals of the General Hospital of Karditsa (N = 235). Results: The 59.4% of women knew about the presence of the vaccine with 57.4% being susceptible to administration. The main reasons for denying vaccination are distrust, fear and lack of information. Women who visited the gynecologist more than 3 times a year had performed the Pap test at least once in their life than those who had never visited it (x2 = 11,858, p = 0.008). Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrate and reflect on how HPVs perceive or act on HPV prevention. Disapproved and inadequate knowledge of the benefits of the vaccine are negative stimuli to acceptance by the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are available to prevent HPV-associated cancers. However, parents are reluctant to make the decision to immunize their children. Nationally, HPV vaccination rates remain low. Objective: The objectives were to improve parents' attitudes and knowledge about HPV/HPV vaccine, increase parental intent to vaccinate, and increase HPV vaccination rates in a primary care office. Methods: A one-group, pretest/posttest design was used to assess participants' attitude, knowledge, and intent to vaccinate before and after viewing an HPV educational video. Pre–post project HPV vaccination rates were compared. Results: Participants' attitudes toward HPV/HPV vaccine improved while knowledge increased. Intent to vaccine increased by 31% after viewing the HPV educational video. HPV vaccination rates increased 6% (females) and 9% (males). Conclusions: Primary care providers (PCPs) should look for innovative ways to educate parents about HPV, help parents make informed decisions about the HPV vaccine, and work toward a common goal of preventing HPV-associated cancers. Implications for Nursing: Implications are three-fold benefiting parents, PCPs, and society. Parents will be more knowledgeable, providers will understand they are an important key in the vaccine process, and society will benefit from a decrease in HPV-associated cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Guided by the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction, we identify mothers' salient beliefs regarding their daughters' initiation of the human papillomavirus vaccine series. In all, 34 Hispanic mothers responded to elicitation questions. Salient beliefs included the following: (1) feeling secure, happy, relieved, concerned, and fear about vaccinating; (2) believing that vaccinating prevents and protects from human papillomavirus but may result in side effects and sexual disinhibition; (3) identifying the daughter, father, mother, aunt, friends, and grandmothers as supporters/non-supporters; and (4) affordability, transportation, clinic distance, and making appointments as facilitators/barriers. This study begins the process of building a model of human papillomavirus vaccine initiation for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is safe and efficacious in women without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although good immunogenicity has been observed in women living with HIV (WLWH), efficacy data in this population are needed. Methods We enrolled 420 females aged ≥9 years (range, 9–65) living with HIV. Participants were to receive 3 doses of qHPV vaccine (0/2/6 months). The main endpoint was vaccine failure (ie, incident persistent qHPV infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or higher [CIN2+], or genital warts). We compared these rates to published rates in vaccinated and unvaccinated women without HIV as well as unvaccinated WLWH. Results Among 279 eligible women, median follow-up was 2 years. In the intention-to-treat population, the incidence rate (IR) of persistent qHPV (HPV6/11/16/18) was 2.3 per 100 person-years (/100PY) (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–4.1), and IR of genital warts was 2.3/100PY (95% CI, 1.2–4.1). In the per-protocol efficacy population, IR of persistent qHPV was 1.0/100PY (95% CI, 0.3–2.6) and of genital warts was 1.0/100PY (95% CI, 0.3–2.5). No cases of CIN2+ occurred. Reported rates of qHPV-related infection and disease within vaccinated women without HIV, unvaccinated women without HIV, and vaccinated WLWH: 0.1 (95% CI, 0.02–0.03), 1.5 (95% CI, 1.1–2.0), and 1.2 (95% CI, 0.2–3.4) /100PY, respectively. The rate of persistent qHPV among vaccinated WLWH was lower than among unvaccinated WLWH (2.3 vs 6.0/100PY). Conclusions Vaccinated WLWH may be at higher risk for vaccine failure than vaccinated women without HIV. However, overall rates of vaccine failure were low, and rates of persistent qHPV were lower than in unvaccinated WLWH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the human papillomavirus (HPV) suggests a possible relation between HPV type and geography. It also demonstrates that insurance status affects HPV vaccine uptake, which currently provides protection against 9 of the high-risk HPV types known to cause HPV-related cancers. This article reviews this literature with a focus on health justice in HPV vaccination programs. It also describes University of Illinois Health System research with members of Chicago communities to determine the prevalence of HPV, the distribution of HPV types, and strategies for better serving this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To increase our understanding about the health beliefs of African‐American parents and their daughters toward HPV infection and HPV vaccine acceptance. Methods: The Health Belief Model was used as a guiding framework. Principles of grounded theory, theoretical sampling, and constant comparison analysis were used to qualitatively analyze data generated from personal interviews of African‐American parents (n = 30) and their 12‐ to 17‐year‐old daughters (n = 34). Results: Mothers and daughters perceived low susceptibility to HPV infection and perceived the HPV vaccine as beneficial in protecting against genital warts and cervical cancer. Compared to daughters, parents placed particular emphasis on the vaccine's protection against genital warts. A major HPV vaccine acceptance barrier among parents and daughters was the politicization of the HPV vaccine by government figures. In addition, concerns about unknown side effects, safety, and effectiveness of HPV vaccination emerged. Cues to action varied among parents and daughters, and self‐efficacy was higher among parents than daughters. Conclusion: Understanding the health beliefs that promote HPV vaccine acceptance, while identifying and addressing beliefs that are barriers among parents and daughters, will assist in the development of appropriate HPV vaccine promotion initiatives for African‐American parents and daughters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP). Although HPV is common in children, the prevalence of JORRP is low. It is likely that other factors contribute to the pathogenesis of JORRP, during either activation or reactivation of a latent HPV infection. There is evidence that laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) might be such a risk factor for adult-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. This study investigated if LPR might also be a risk factor for JORRP. Materials and Methods. Children with JORRP of the larynx that required microlaryngoscopy at a tertiary referral hospital were included in this prospective case-series study from November 2015 to November 2017. Using immunohistochemistry, HPV infection and pepsin associated with LPR were diagnosed from laryngeal biopsies. Results. Eleven children (aged 4-14 years) were analyzed. No patient had a history of immunodeficiency or tobacco smoke exposure. All patients underwent at least three previous surgeries due to JORRP and had been vaccinated against HPV in the past. Five children were treated using antivirotics and immunomodulators. The only known maternal risk factor was that three mothers were primiparous. All 11 samples were infected with HPV (type 6 or 11). Pathologic LPR was diagnosed in 5/11 children (45.5%). Conclusion. LPR may be a risk factor for JORRP, contributing to its development by activating or reactivating a latent HPV infection. Results are in accordance with those from our previous study in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the principal underlying cause of a dramatic increase in oropharyngeal cancer. Dentistry can play an important role in developing clinical algorithms for secondary prevention. Methods. The authors conducted this cross-sectional pilot study with practices of The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network. The authors evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of screening and testing procedures as judged by practitioners and patients. The authors used tablet devices for patient screening, obtaining consent, and administering a confidential oral HPV risk factor survey. Results. Most patients (85%) were comfortable being asked about their cigarette use and their sexual behavior (69%) and were interested in participating again (79%). More than 90% of practitioners were comfortable with study procedures except the extra time required for patient participation (75% comfortable). There were no problems with oral rinse collection as reported by patients or practitioners. Conclusions. It is feasible in community dental offices to collect oral rinses for HPV detection and to ask patients explicit questions about sexual history when using a tablet device for confidentiality. Practical Implications. Discussing high-risk types of HPV and appropriately assessing that risk are a challenge for oral health care professionals. These results are positive from a research perspective but do not address the advisability of routine HPV screening in dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]