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Passive safety systems are integrated into the latest generation of Light Water Reactors (LWRs), including small modular reactors. This paper employs the US-NRC TRACE thermal hydraulic code to examine the performance of a passive safety condenser known as SACO, designed to serve as the ultimate heat sink for dissipating decay heat during accident scenarios. The TRACE model is constructed with reference to the PKL/SACO test facility. The safety condenser (SACO) is interconnected with the PKL facility via the secondary side of steam generator 1, effectively serving as a third natural circulation cooling loop during accident scenarios. In the present research, the thermal-hydraulic behavior of the PKL facility is investigated in the presence of the SACO passive safety system during an extended SBO with Loss of AC Power accident scenario. This SBO can be categorized into three distinct phases depending on the activation of the SACO system and the refilling process of the SACO pool. The first phase is depressurizing using primary and secondary relief valves, the second phase is cooling down using SACO system, and the third phase is the refilling of SACO pool. The findings indicate that the SACO system effectively manages to dissipate all decay heat, even though there is temporary evaporation of the SACO water pool. Furthermore, this study provides sensitivity analysis for the assessments of system codes on the selection of maximum time step.

High-quality seeds provide valuable nutrients to human society and ensure successful seedling establishment. During maturation, seeds accumulate storage compounds that are required to sustain seedling growth during germination. This review focuses on the epigenetic repression of the embryonic and seed maturation programs in seedlings. We begin with an extensive overview of mutants affecting these processes, illustrating the roles of core proteins and accessory components in the epigenetic machinery by comparing mutants at both phenotypic and molecular levels. We highlight how omics assays help uncover target-specific functional specialization and coordination among various epigenetic mechanisms. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth discussion on the Seed dormancy 4 (Sdr4) transcriptional corepressor family, comparing and contrasting their regulation of seed germination in the dicotyledonous species Arabidopsis and two monocotyledonous crops, rice and wheat. Finally, we compare the similarities in the activation and repression of the embryonic and seed maturation programs through a shared set of cis-regulatory elements and discuss the challenges in applying knowledge largely gained in model species to crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2003 National Education System Law outlines the purpose of national education, emphasizing vocational education as secondary education aimed at preparing students for specific fields of work. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has created challenges in achieving these goals, prompting a need for evaluation and solutions. To address this, a program evaluation is proposed, focusing on analyzing the Industrial Work Program (PKL) in terms of design, implementation, process, and outcomes. The evaluation aims to assess the alignment between program objectives and actual results, considering factors such as program design, HR requirements, implementation scope, street vendors' involvement, and outcomes for schools, students, and industry partners. The Discrepancy Evaluation Model (DEM) by Malcom Provus is chosen for its ability to compare expectations with reality. The evaluation will employ both quantitative and qualitative methods, utilizing questionnaires, observations, interviews, and document analysis. Qualitative data analysis involves activities such as data reduction, display, validation (triangulation), and conclusion drawing, while quantitative analysis utilizes descriptive percentage analysis. The research seeks to generate recommendations that improve education quality and program evaluation practices, particularly in ICT-based competency development during the pandemic transition. By providing a detailed evaluation, the study aims to offer actionable insights for enhancing the PKL program's effectiveness and contributing to educational advancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internship (INTERNSHIP) is an important part of the vocational education curriculum in vocational high schools, including SMK Negeri 1 Gesi. However, its implementation often faces various obstacles, such as inefficient communication, delayed reporting, and difficulties in monitoring student progress. To address these issues, an Internship monitoring system has been developed with the aim of optimizing the learning process. Therefore, this research aims to develop a internship monitoring system that is suitable for use by vocational high school students to support their activities. The research method applied in this study is research and development adopting the Alessi & Trollip model. The research subjects include software/media experts, content experts, and teachers. Data collection is carried out using observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The data obtained from the research is then analyzed qualitatively descriptively and quantitatively in terms of percentage. The research results show that in the alpha testing phase, the internship monitoring system product received a High Validity qualification from experts. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the internship monitoring system product deserves the category of high feasibility to use as an application or system to support a series of internship activities, both for teachers and students.

The objectives of this study are: (1) to find out the policy of the Surakarta City Government in organizing street vendors in Laweyan, (2) to find out the extent of the Surakarta City Government's policy in improving the welfare of street vendors. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. The research location is in Laweyan, Trade Office in the field of PKL Management and Satpol PP Surakarta City. The focus of this research is the policy of the Surakarta City Government in organizing street vendors in Laweyan, the extent of the Surakarta City Government's policy in improving the welfare of street vendors. The primary data sources in this study are street vendors in Laweyan, officers of the Trade Office of the PKL Management section, officers of Satpol PP Surakarta City. The results showed that to overcome the problem of mushrooming street vendors, the Surakarta City Government issued Regional Regulation Number 3 of 2008. In its implementation, the Regional Regulation is assisted by the existence of Guardian Number 17B of 2012 and also Mayor Decree Number 510 of 2012. The policy issued by the Surakarta City Government empowers street vendors in the form of providing cart assistance, capital assistance, counseling and also cart and umbrella assistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Drought stress causes substantial losses in crop production per year worldwide, threatening global food security. Identification of the genetic components underlying drought tolerance in plants is of great importance. In this study, we report that loss‐of‐function of the chromatin‐remodeling factor PICKLE (PKL), which is involved in repression of transcription, enhances drought tolerance of Arabidopsis.At first, we find that PKL interacts with ABI5 to regulate seed germination, but PKL regulates drought tolerance independently of ABI5. Then, we find that PKL is necessary for repressing the drought‐tolerant gene AFL1, which is responsible for the drought‐tolerant phenotype of pkl mutant. Genetic complementation tests demonstrate that the Chromo domain and ATPase domain but not the PHD domain are required for the function of PKL in regulating drought tolerance. Interestingly, we find that the DNA‐binding domain (DBD) is essential for the protein stability of PKL.Furthermore, we demonstrate that the SUMO E3 ligase MMS21 interacts with and enhances the protein stability of PKL. Genetic interaction analysis shows that MMS21 and PKL additively regulate plant drought tolerance.Collectively, our findings uncover a MMS21‐PKL‐AFL1 module in regulating plant drought tolerance and offer insights into a novel strategy to improve crop drought tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The juvenile‐to‐adult vegetative phase change in flowering plants is mediated by a decrease in miR156 levels. Downregulation of MIR156A/MIR156C, the two major sources of miR156, is accompanied by a decrease in acetylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27ac) and an increase in trimethylation of H3K27 (H3K27me3) at MIR156A/MIR156C in Arabidopsis.Here, we show that histone deacetylase 9 (HDA9) is recruited to MIR156A/MIR156C during the juvenile phase and associates with the CHD3 chromatin remodeler PICKLE (PKL) to erase H3K27ac at MIR156A/MIR156C.H2Aub and H3K27me3 become enriched at MIR156A/MIR156C, and the recruitment of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) to MIR156A/MIR156C is partially dependent on the activities of PKL and HDA9.Our results suggest that PKL associates with histone deacetylases to erase H3K27ac and promote PRC1 and PRC2 activities to mediate vegetative phase change and maintain plants in the adult phase after the phase transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Primary Coolant Loop Test Facility [Primӓrkreislӓufe Versuchsanlage (PKL)] PKL I2.2 Benchmark experiment for an intermediate-break loss-of-coolant accident (IB-LOCA) with a 13% or 17% break at the cold leg was performed in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development/PKL-4 project at PKL in Erlangen, Germany. Analysis of Thermal-Hydraulics of LEaks and Transients (ATHLET) 3.1A was used at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology for its posttest calculations. Crucial predicted parameters were compared with measured data. The calculated trend of the selected parameters fits well with that of the experimental data except for the phenomenon of core heatup and the value of the peak cladding temperature. A fast Fourier transform–based method was chosen to quantify the matching of the parameter trends. According to the quantitative assessment, the IB-LOCA scenario and its detailed phenomena can be predicted well by ATHLET. Additionally, some discrepancies, i.e., insufficient reliable predictions for break mass flow and for reactor pressure vessel collapsed water level, were also observed, possibly deserving another study to undergo deeper scrutiny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jalan Ki Hajar Dewantara merupakan salah satu ruas jalan yang termasuk dalam program penataan pemerintah untuk merelokasi PKL ke Pasar Panggungrejo pada tahun 2009. Sebagai tempat menyelenggarakan usaha informal, Jalan Ki Hajar Dewantara memiliki daya tarik yang tinggi karena lokasi yang berdekatan dengan berbagai pusat aktivitas, antara lain Solo Techno Park, kampus UNS Kentingan, kampus ISI Surakarta, Kantor BPN/ATR Kota Surakarta, Kantor Kecamatan Jebres, Balai Diklat Industri, dan Taman Cerdas. Meskipun sudah pernah dilakukan penataan, pada saat ini PKL masih bisa ditemui dengan mudah di ruas jalan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui preferensi PKL terhadap karakteristik lokasi di Kawasan Solo Techno Park, yang terletak di Jalan Ki Hajar Dewantara. Penelitian juga menguraikan hubungan kesesuaian karakteristik PKL dengan karakteristik lokasi kawasan, yang juga mendukung preferensi PKL dalam berlokasi. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif serta analisis data statistik deskriptif yang menggunakan teknik skala Likert dalam mengukur preferensi PKL terhadap setiap karakteristik lokasi di Kawasan Solo Techno Park. Hasil analisis menunjukkan preferensi PKL terhadap karakteristik lokasi di Kawasan Solo Techno Park secara urut dari yang paling disukai yaitu: (1) lokasi strategis; (2) luas ruang PKL; (3) pusat aktivitas; (4) aksesibilitas; (5) lalu lintas jalan; (6) sarana dan prasarana PKL, dan; (7) aglomerasi PKL.

High-quality seeds provide valuable nutrients to human society and ensure successful seedling establishment. During maturation, seeds accumulate storage compounds that are required to sustain seedling growth during germination. This review focuses on the epigenetic repression of the embryonic and seed maturation programs in seedlings. We begin with an extensive overview of mutants affecting these processes, illustrating the roles of core proteins and accessory components in the epigenetic machinery by comparing mutants at both phenotypic and molecular levels. We highlight how omics assays help uncover target-specific functional specialization and coordination among various epigenetic mechanisms. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth discussion on the Seed dormancy 4 (Sdr4) transcriptional corepressor family, comparing and contrasting their regulation of seed germination in the dicotyledonous species Arabidopsis and two monocotyledonous crops, rice and wheat. Finally, we compare the similarities in the activation and repression of the embryonic and seed maturation programs through a shared set of cis -regulatory elements and discuss the challenges in applying knowledge largely gained in model species to crops., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Go, Lu, Alizadeh, Gazzarrini and Song.)

The aim of this research is to know how street vendors response to the Relocation Policy at a square city of Pasuruan. This research employs a mixed method. A quantitative approach is the main approach, while qualitative approach is the supporting one (mixing method). To the main approach (quantitative) is represented by survey method using Spearman Rank Correlation Analysis as a tool to analyse factors that affect street vendors’ interpretation to the relocation policy. The supporting approach (qualitative) is represented by “in-depthinterview” using Miles and Huberman interactive analysis as a tool in answering something that be related by emic meaning perspective from research that cannot be explained through quantitative approach alone.The results show that during the introduction stage, the relation of stimulus and street vendors’ response to relocation policy formed negatively. Negative interpretation shows that street vendors at the Pasuruan Town Square see relocation policy as a threat of their businesses. Factors that affect the interpretation tendency are limited knowledge on the policy consequence, hope, ability, service, facility, socialization, and ethnicity Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menginvestigasi persepsi Pedagang Kaki Lima Alun-Alun Kota Pasuruan terhadap kebijakan relokasi serta factor-faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi tersebut. Desain penelitian ini adalah Mixing Method. Untuk pendekatan utama (kuantitatif) menggunakan metode survei, menggunakan analisis korelasi Spearman Rank untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi interpretasi PKL terhadap kebijakan relokasi. Sedangkan pendekatan pendukung (kualitatif) diwakili in-depth-interview, menggunakan analisis interaktif Miles&Huberman sebagai perangkat untuk menjawab aspek emik penelitian. Persepsi PKL terhadap kebijakan relokasi adalah negatif. Artinya, mayoritas PKL yaitu 60 orang (89,55 %) memaknai kehadiran kebijakan relokasi sebagai ancaman bagi kelangsungan usaha mereka. Adapun PKL yang mempersepsi positif 4 orang (5,97 %) dengan pemaknaan bahwa kebijakan relokasi merupakan peluang bagi perkembangan usaha. Sedangkan PKL yang menginterpretasi kebijakan relokasi secara ambivalens sebanyak 3 orang (4,47). Artinya PKL memaknai kebijakan relokasi dalam keraguan di antara ancaman dan peluang bagi kelangsungan dan perkembangan usaha. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi interpretasi PKL terhadap Kebijakan Relokasi adalah : (1) Faktor Pengetahuan (pengetahuan tentang konsekuensi dari kebijakan, pengetahaun tentang aturan berdagang di lokasi baru, dan pengetahuan tentang strategi atau cara-cara menyiasati usaha agar dapat bertahan dan berkembang di tengah persaingan ketat di lokasi baru), (2) faktor harapan atau kemauan, (3) faktor kemampuan (kemampuan strategi-teknis, kemampuan ekonomi), (4) faktor pelayanan, (5) faktor fasilitas, (6) faktor sosialisasi, dan (7) faktor etnisitas.

Street vendors (PKL) are one of the informal sectors that are often viewed as a parasite sector and have a negative impact on the city's image. However, the existence of street vendors also become one of the highest city's economic support and provide benefits for the community. Rukmana (2008) states that street vendors are an integral form of urban transformation from their economic system, from agriculture-based society to industry and services. Thus, the informal sector including street vendors need to be considered in the provision of space in urban areas. Street vendors in the educational area of Tembalang increasingly mushrooming after the transfer of Undip Pleburan students to Tembalang. The street vendors use public spaces and interfere with other space users, especially pedestrians and road users. This research uses positivistic-rationalism approach with quantitative research method to determine the direction of city space provision for street vendors in Tembalang educational area. The result of this research is the provision of city space for street vendors in Tembalang Educational Area directed by arranging PKL activity on strategic and accessible road corridor. Provision of space for street vendors as stated in the Decree of Mayor of Semarang no. 511.3 / 16 2001 on Land Stipulation / Location PKL needs to be reviewed because it has not contain the characteristics and needs of street vendors and consumers. The capacity of the existing space has not been able to accommodate the needs of street vendors in Tembalang Education Area in the future.

Akselerasi pembangunan daerah perkotaan akan berakibat pada peningkatan kebutuhan akan sandang, pangan, papan, beserta prasarana dan sarana penunjangnya yang selanjutnya berdampak pada peningkatan kebutuhan investasi. Disamping itu investasi diperlukan umtuk mempertahankan tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tinggi dan agar tetap dapat bersaing dalam pasar global. Sebagai bagian integral dari pembangunan nasional, tujuan pembangunan Kota Tegal tidak terlepas dari tujuan pembangunan nasional itu sendiri yang ingin mewujudkan suatu masyarakat yang adil dan makmur, merata baik spirituil maupun materiil berdasarkan Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 dalam wadah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Untuk itu upaya pelaksanaan pembangunan daerah senantiasa didasarkan pada otonomi yang semakin nyata, dinamis, serasi dan bertanggung jawab dalam rangka untuk lebih meningkatkan aspek pemerataan pembangunan dan hasil-hasilnya. Kebijakan relokasi pedagang kaki lima (PKL) di sekitar alun-alun dan Jl. Pancasila kota Tegal merupakan upaya pemerintah kota Tegal untuk mengatur keberadaan PKL yang selama ini dianggap menggangu ketertiban umum.

Semarang is one of the business center with the growth of PKL , which grew rapidly. Unfavorable impression of the city can be generated from the PKL. Therefore this study aimed to assess the characteristics of the business profile of PKL in the area of Simpang Lima and Taman KB, characteristics Entrepreuner Psychological capital of PKL in the area of Simpang Lima and Taman KB . This study was conducted to all PKL in the area of Simpang Lima and Taman KB Semarang. This type of research is quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that most of the traders are food vendors . The location of PKL to Simpang Lima are divided into three areas: the area in front of the Matahari Mall , Simpang Lima area and Taman KB. Traders in this area sell for up to eight hours a day.

Permasalahan utama PKL di Kawasan Pasar Baru Gresik adalah banyaknya kegagalan relokasi yang disebabkan kurangnya keterlibatan PKL dalam menentukan lokasi berdagang PKL. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan faktor yang mempengaruhi kriteria lokasi pedagang kaki lima berdasarkan preferensi pedagang kaki lima itu sendiri di Kawasan Pasar Baru Gresik. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan adalah mengidentifikasi karakteristik pedagang kaki lima dengan menggunakan teknik analisa statistik desktiptif. Kemudian menentukan faktor yang mempengaruhi kriteria lokasi berdagang berdasarkan preferensi pedagang kaki lima dengan menggunakan content analysis. Maka dari itu hasil dari penelitian adalah faktor yang mempengaruhi kriteria lokasi berdagang pedagang kaki lima di Kawasan Pasar Baru Gresik yaitu sebagai berikut: (1) Lokasi berdagang yang strategis; (2) Harga sewa lahan/kios; (3) Dekat dengan kegiatan masyarakat; (4) Visibilitas; (5) Retribusi; (6) Dekat dengan permukiman penduduk; (7) Ketersediaan lahan parkir; (8) Dekat dengan terminal/stasiun; (9) Ketersediaan tempat pembuangan sampah; (10) Dekat dengan tempat tinggal; (11) Ketersediaan transportasi umum (12) Ketersdiaan jaringan air bersih; (13) Memiliki akses keluar dan masuk; (14) Penerimaan produk yang ditawarkan; (15) Ketersediaan drainase; (16) Ketersediaan pelayanan listrik; (17) Pengelompokkan jenis barang dagangan; (18) Luas tempat berdagang.

Temperature is a major signal that governs plant distribution and shapes plant growth. High ambient temperature promotes plant thermomorphogenesis without significant induction of heat-stress responses. Although much progress of warm temperature-mediated plant growth has been made during recent years, the thermomorphogenic signalling pathway is not well understood. We previously revealed that PICKLE (PKL), an ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling factor, negatively controls photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we show that mutations in PKL lead to reduced sensitivity in hypocotyl elongation to warm temperature (28 °C). We demonstrate that CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) directly binds to the specific promoter regions of PKL and its expression is reduced in the cca1 mutants. We find that the cca1 seedlings are also less sensitive to temperature-mediated growth than the wild-type plants. Furthermore, PKL affects the level of trimethylation of histone H3 Lys 27 associated with INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID INDUCIBLE 19 ( IAA19) and IAA29 and regulates their expression. We also identify 6 additional transcription factors as the upstream regulators of PKL. Our study thus reveals PKL and CCA1 as 2 novel factors in controlling plant growth in response to the elevated temperature environment and provides new insight into the integration of light and temperature signals through chromatin regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Nuclear Energy Agency auspices simulation of experiments in different facilities under several programs. One on them consisted of performing a counterpart test between ROSA/LSTF and PKL facilities, with the main objective of determining the effectiveness of late accident management actions in a small break loss of coolant accident. The results obtained by TRACE code for PKL experiment SBLOCA G7.1 (a scaled model of Konvoi reactor) were in good agreement with the experiments. However, in the simulation process, uncertainty was not accounted. Uncertainty analysis, following the principles of Best Estimate Plus Uncertainty (BEPU) approach, must be performed to measure the effect of uncertainties on the evolution of safety variables of interest, such as the maximum of the Peak Cladding Temperature (PCTmax) in the experiment. In this paper we present a comparison between two uncertainty analysis techniques. The first technique is based on order statistics that makes use of Wilks’ formula. The second technique is based on a Generalized Additive Model (GAM) that substitutes the thermal-hydraulic code, without and with consideration of errors in adjusting the GAM model. The comparison of the uncertainty analysis results makes use of several performance metrics such as coverage, Coefficient of Variation and conservativeness. Based on the results of these metrics it can be concluded that the GAMPE (GAM Plus Error) provides the best performance, in particular, when using small sample size, i.e. n = 59, 93. For larger sample sizes, i.e. n = 124, 153, GAMPE and Wilks’ results presents similar performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The liver isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKL) has gained interest due to its potential capacity to regulate fatty acid synthesis involved in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here we describe a novel series of PKL modulators that can either activate or inhibit the enzyme allosterically, from a cryptic site at the interface of two protomers in the tetrameric enzyme. Starting from urolithin D, we designed and synthesised 42 new compounds. The effect of these compounds on PKL enzymatic activity was assessed after incubation with cell lysates obtained from a liver cell line. Pronounced activation of PKL activity, up to 3.8-fold, was observed for several compounds at 10 μM, while other compounds were prominent PKL inhibitors reducing its activity to 81% at best. A structure-activity relationship identified linear-shaped sulfone-sulfonamides as activators and non-linear compounds as inhibitors. Crystal structures revealed the conformations of these modulators, which were used as a reference for designing new modulators. [Display omitted] • Allosteric modulators of liver pyruvate kinase (PKL) were designed and synthesised. • The best PKL inhibitor showed 81% inhibition of PKL cell lysate. • The best PKL activator showed 380% activation of PKL cell lysate. • Both inhibitors and activators bind in the same allosteric binding pocket. • Targeting PKL allosterically can result in up or down-regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Permasalahan utama PKL di Kawasan Perkotaan Sidoarjo adalah banyaknya kegagalan relokasi yang disebabkan karena kurang dilibatkannya PKL oleh pemerintah dalam menentukan lokasi PKL. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan kriteria penentuan lokasi PKL berdasarkan preferensi pedagangnya di Kawasan Perkotaan Sidoarjo. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan adalah mengidentifikasi karakteristik PKL dalam memilih lokasi berdagang berdasarkan preferensi PKL menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Selanjutnya menentukan variabel yang berpengaruh menggunakan pembobotan (skala likert). Setelah mendapatkan urutan variabel yang berpengaruh, kemudian merumuskan kriteria penentuan lokasi PKL berdasarkan preferensi pedagang menggunakan analisis deskriptif komparatif yaitu dengan membandingkan kondisi eksisting, preferensi PKL dan teori yang relevan. Hasil penelitian adalah kriteria penentuan lokasi PKL berdasarkan preferensi pedagang di Kawasan Perkotaan Sidoarjo sebagai berikut: (1) Jenis barang yang dijual adalah makanan, minuman, kebutuhan sekunder dan tersier; (2) Sarana berdagang PKL adalah non permanen; (3) Luas lapak PKL maksimal 12m2; (4) Waktu berdagang PKL adalah sore hingga malam hari. (5) Berada pada lokasi yang memiliki tingkat kunjungan tinggi. (6) tersedianya utilitas penunjang kegiatan PKL; (7) Lokasi dekat dengan lokasi tempat parkir; (8) Lokasi PKL dilalui oleh jalur angkutan umum; (9) Berlokasi pada fungsi jalan yang memungkinkan untuk dilakukannya transaksi dan dilalui banyak orang/kendaraan; (10) Lokasi PKL berada pada ruang publik yang memiliki ketersediaan ruang khusus PKL; (11) Lokasi PKL berada dekat dengan kegiatan formal; (12) Lokasi PKL mendukung untuk dijadikan tempat menjual barang jenis tertentu (sejenis)

Enzymes are effective biological catalysts that accelerate almost all metabolic reactions in living organisms. Synthetic modulators of enzymes are useful tools for the study of enzymatic reactions and can provide starting points for the design of new drugs. Here, we report on the discovery of a class of biologically active compounds that covalently modifies lysine residues in human liver pyruvate kinase (PKL), leading to allosteric activation of the enzyme (EC 50 =0.29 μM). Surprisingly, the allosteric activation control point resides on the lysine residue K282 present in the catalytic site of PKL. These findings were confirmed by structural data, MS/MS experiments, and molecular modelling studies. Altogether, our study provides a molecular basis for the activation mechanism and establishes a framework for further development of human liver pyruvate kinase covalent activators., (© 2022 The Authors. ChemBioChem published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The intermedium break loss of coolant accident (IBLOCA) benchmark study was carried out on the OECD/NEA PKL-4 facility test i2.2 to explore the influence of break size on the peak cladding temperature (PCT). Results of the blind calculations performed by different participants showed that the transient behaviors of the scenario can be well predicted, but further improvements were needed for some local phenomena. In this paper, the global sensitivity analysis was carried out to investigate the influences of 36 input parameters on the PCT and minimum core water level (MCWL) with an efficient moment-independent method, and the sensitivity measures as well as corresponding importance rankings were obtained. The obtained results can deepen the understandings of the key phenomena in the IBLOCA test, and provide guidance to the model optimization and code verification. In addition, the adopted sensitivity analysis method can be extended to other tests of the PKL facility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis of the PKL midloop tests E3.1 and F2.2 run 2 was performed with the TRACE (TRAC/RELAP Advanced Computational Engine) and RELAP5/MOD3.3 codes. Both tests allow study of the phenomenology and different accident management actions after a loss of the residual heat removal system at midloop conditions with the primary side closed. A comparison of the results obtained with both codes and the experimental data shows that in general, the main phenomena are well reproduced. The good results obtained allow one to confirm that the modelization methodology is adequate for this kind of transient. However, there are still a few phenomena that are not well predicted, like pressurizer water level behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Embryogenesis in Arabidopsis results in mature, osmotolerant embryos within dry seeds. Late-embryogenesis programs involve the transcription factors ABI3 and ABI5, which are necessary for osmotolerance. ABI3 and ABI5 are degraded in seeds initiating germination, abolishing their protected state. However, during an early stage of germination, strong osmotic stresses, or ABA exposure maintain ABI3 and ABI5 expression, leading to growth arrest, and osmotolerance. Mild stress stimuli delay ABI3 and ABI5 disappearance, retarding germination but not preventing eventual closure of embryogenesis programs. PICKLE (PKL), a putative chromatin modifier, is necessary to repress ABI3 and ABI5 expression during germination in response to ABA. We show that pkl mutants display persistent high expression of ABI3 and ABI5 upon ABA stimulation. In turn, maintenance of ABI5 expression leads to hypersensitive germination responses to ABA in pkl seeds. We provide evidence that ABI3 and ABI5 are less associated with repressed chromatin in pkl mutants. Our results provide evidence that PKL-dependent repression of embryonic gene expression extends to late-embryogenesis genes and is associated with changes in chromatin. We suggest that effective closure of embryogenesis omostolerance programs during germination prevents excessive plant reactions to stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the importance of the Rho GTPase family member Rac1 and the Rac1/Cdc42 effector PAK1 in T-cell activation, we investigated the requirements for their activation by the T-cell receptor (TCR). Rac1 and PAK1 activation required the tyrosine kinases ZAP-70 and Syk, but not the cytoplasmic adaptor Slp-76. Surprisingly, PAK1 was activated in the absence of the transmembrane adaptor LAT white Rac1 was not. However, efficient PAK1 activation required its binding sites for Rho GTPases and for PIX, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho GTPases. The overexpression of βPIX that either cannot bind PAK1 or tacks GEF function blocked PAK1 activation. These data suggest that a PAK1-PIX complex is recruited to appropriate sites for activation and that PIX is required for Rho family GTPase activation upstream of PAK1. Furthermore, we detected a stable trimolecular complex of PAK1, PIX and the paxillin kinase linker p95PKL. Taken together, these data show that PAK1 contained in this trimolecular complex is activated by a novel LAT- and Slp-76-independent pathway following TCR stimulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PKL is a worldwide unique integral test facility for simulation of thermal-hydraulic phenomena, which can occur in Pressurized Water Reactor under abnormal or accident conditions. The test rig replicates the entire primary side and the relevant parts of the secondary side of western-type PWR plant in the scale of 1:1 in heights and 1:145 in volume and power. The analyses that have been carried out for the last 40 years have always reflected safety issues addressed in the debate of nuclear community. Among goals of experimental programs conducted at the facility there are demonstration of safety margins, investigation of thermal-hydraulic behavior of a plant under accident conditions, verification of accident management procedures as well as provision of data for thermal-hydraulic codes validation. This paper provides a detailed analysis of experiment dedicated to investigation of heat transfer mechanisms in steam generator in presence of non-condensable gas, steam and liquid. Such conditions can occur in a PWR in case of loss of residual heat removal system under cold shutdown conditions. Probabilistic safety assessments indicated that this accident contributes to much larger core damage frequency than originally anticipated. Therefore, an increasing attention has been paid to this accident scenario in the recent years. • Experimental analysis on heat transfer in SG was conducted at the PKL test facility. • The investigation comprised heat transfer in presence of nitrogen steam and liquid. • Obtained results are transferable to a real pressurized water reactor. • The results constitute a data base for validation of thermal-hydraulic codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A generalized two-layer methodology FFTBM-MSM of sensitivity analysis (SA) was developed. • A comprehensive sensitivity coefficient was defined quantitative SA. • The method was applied in SA of ATHLET PKL IBLOCA benchmark simulation. Intermediate break loss of coolant accident (IBLOCA) is a focus of nuclear safety these years. A PKL IBLOCA benchmark was performed in order to evaluate the reliability of system thermal-hydraulic (STH) codes on IBLOCA. ATHLET was used for post-test calculations. But the core heat-up and PCT (Peak Cladding Temperature) could not be well reproduced. A two-layer methodology FFTBM-MSM (Fast Fourier Transform Based Method and Morris Screening Method) of sensitivity analysis was proposed to find the ATHLET models, which are sensitive for the IBLOCA phenomena, for modification. A comprehensive sensitivity coefficient S c was defined for sensitivity evaluation in nuclear safety analysis: (1) S c < 0.3 , low comprehensive sensitivity; (2) 0.3 ≤ S c < 0.6 , moderate comprehensive sensitivity; (3) S c ≥ 0.6 , high comprehensive sensitivity. According to this criterion, it came out that the critical flow model in ATHLET has the highest impact on IBLOCA scenario, being the most susceptible model for a deeper scrutiny and improvement in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the Fukushima accident, "stress-test" activities carried out worldwide pointed out the need to study additional accident management measures to deal with prolonged Station Black Out (SBO) scenarios. Without any operator actions, a total loss of the secondary side heat sink leads to core uncovery, to core damage and ultimately to a melt-down scenario. The international NEA/OECD PKL-3 project has addressed the efficiency of possible accident management actions to re-establish core cooling by experiments at the PKL test facility. Since best estimate system codes were mainly developed to simulate LOCA scenarios, their performance and the general guidelines followed to simulate PWR power plants are called into question. In this paper, RELAP5 simulations of three SBO experiments are presented. An assessment of the code for the particular phenomenology in the experiments have been conducted. Specific guidelines on modelling and a list of the most important sources of uncertainties are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]