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An important literature emphasizes that finance grew rapidly after WWII relative to the full economy and the services sector, but these are poor benchmarks because they mask a broad structural shift from low- to high-skill services. We show that i) finance is among the most skill-intensive service industries, ii) the evolution of the finance income share closely tracks other high-skill service industries, and iii) finance grew much slower than the rest of high-skill services in the post-WWII period. The rise of modern finance is not as remarkable as prior research suggests, providing context for debates about the size of finance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides an overview of two books, "At the Center: American Thought and Culture in the Mid-Twentieth Century" and "The Ideas That Made America: A Brief History," which explore the role of ideas in shaping American culture and society during the mid-twentieth century. The authors examine the influence of ideas on practical power and the relationship between ideas and culture. The books offer insights into the movement of ideas across cultures and their impact on intellectual history. The article also discusses the transdisciplinary perspective of "At the Center" and its relevance to the social sciences, including economics. It highlights the search for core principles and consensus in midcentury thought and culture, as well as efforts to broaden Americans' intellectual horizons after World War II. The text delves into the intellectual and cultural shifts in America from 1948 to 1963, focusing on centering and decentering tendencies. It explores various aspects of American culture during this period, such as attempts to define a distinct American culture, the influence of economics on thought, the rise of postmodernism and identity politics, and the impact of globalization. The authors argue that while there were efforts to establish a unified American culture, there were also movements towards decentering and fragmentation. The text suggests that understanding the changes in American economics during this time is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of American thought and culture. [Extracted from the article]

There is an ongoing crisis of despair involving migrants from abroad who are seeking refuge in one of the world's longest-standing, post-World War II democracies--India. There are roughly 4.9 million noncitizen migrants in India, with most coming from Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Because these migrants often live in the shadows, they are frequently deprived of fundamental human rights. On the one hand, it may seem surprising that this population remains so vulnerable. After all, India's Supreme Court has been a leading institutional light in safeguarding the rights of many marginalized groups. Supreme courts in other countries point to judgments from the Indian Supreme Court as a model for how to ensure that communities on the periphery are treated with dignity and due process. Furthermore, the Indian judiciary has been assisted in its progressive rights jurisprudence by a robust constitution and a vibrant civil society. Yet when it comes to noncitizen migrants, there has been a dearth of sustained judicial support. Additionally, while there is certain, important, bottom-up activism on behalf of these noncitizens, it has frankly not been enough to meet the cascade of needs that exist. This project focuses on how institutional inadequacies, at both the governmental and societal levels, have left noncitizen migrants among some of the most isolated individuals within India. Namely, the absence of specialized and independent immigration courts, an outdated immigration statute, a lack of a strong immigration legal profession, insufficient legal education on immigration law, and little research on immigration doctrine are key reasons why migrants face such dire circumstances today. Otherwise put, India's weak immigration infrastructure has sadly contributed to the difficulties noncitizen migrants face in accessing lawyers, the legal process, and, ultimately, justice within Indian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the three decades after 1945 the British property development sector exploded in size and began operating on a worldwide scale. The largest property companies in the world were British in this era and they built office blocks, shopping centres and hotels in cities all over the world. These overseas property developments overlapped firmly with the pre-existing political and economic geographies of empire, and their speculative transnational financing was made possible by allying with London's financial sector and the world of 'gentlemanly capitalism'. This article surveys the rise, financialization, and imperially inflected internationalization of the British property development sector in this period, showing how property companies capitalized upon post-war Britain's developer-friendly urban renewal order, internationalist financial sector, and inherited imperial advantages even as many of the formal political structures of empire were being dismantled. In the post-war decades, the remnants of empire as a commercial world system provided Britain's property developers with vital stepping stones towards the fully globalized forms of financialized real-estate development that shape cities around the world today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent discussions of logical pluralism trace its origins to Rudolf Carnap's principle of tolerance; indeed, the principle is seen as one of Carnap's lasting philosophical contributions. In this paper, I will argue that Carnap's reasons for adopting this principle are not purely logical, but are rather founded in the Vienna Circle's manifesto—a programmatic document that brings the Circle's philosophical work together with a program of social change. Building on work by Uebel, Romizi, and others, I argue that we must understand the principle in light of Carnap's role in writing the manifesto, and thus as integrated into the larger philosophical and political goals of the Circle. This history illuminates the often-ignored relationship between Carnap's logical pluralism and his political views. Finally, I turn to the political situation of the post-World War 2 period in the United States. During this time, the Circle's emigres in the USA transitioned their work from active efforts to reform society to the technical work that we recognize as the foundation of American analytic philosophy today. In this final section, I argue that the reasons that Carnap distanced himself from the political foundations of his view were due in large part to McCarthy-era persecution of left-wing academics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows how, from the modern era up to the present day, Sardinian pastoralism has been increasingly incorporated into global capitalism, despite essentialising narratives about the primitiveness and backwardness of shepherds that have been propagated from the mid-eighteenth century to the present neoliberal phase. The case-study considered in this article illustrates how capitalism works as a 'food regime', producing the 'conversion of agriculture and food to commodity-type relations, which, in addition to cheapening food, also incorporates agricultures and foods into investment strategies' (McMichael 2013: 21). First, a reconstruction of the embedding of Sardinian pastoralism into the global capitalist chain from the modern age to the early twentieth century is presented. Then the changes in pastoralism from the post-World War II period to the 2000s and the neoliberal turn of the last twenty years are considered. The aim is to analyse how pastoralists coped with the uncertainties arising from being part of the global market, the volatility of milk prices and the resulting contradictions that have emerged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ruling party strength is often associated with positive outcomes in autocracies, but we know little about how the effects of party strength differ across party types or which feature of party organization contributes most to better outcomes. This article argues that party infrastructural strength – the ability of grassroots party organizations to penetrate society and mobilize the masses – improves governance outcomes but only for authoritarian parties that rose to power through social movements that overthrew the existing political system. Parties that relied on mass mobilization to gain power tend to continue utilizing party strength to provide public goods and gather support. I provide empirical support for my theory using data covering all autocratic ruling parties during the post-Second World War period. The findings have major implications for understanding the intellectual and political challenges posed by well-organized one-party regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite Greece's centrality in Eastern Mediterranean history and politics, the evolution, characteristics, and rationale behind the country's relations with the Arab world have yet to be identified. This article examines post-World War II Greek foreign policy towards the Arab world across four key periods (1945–80; 1981–89; 1990–2018; and 2019 onwards). It builds on a historical institutionalist approach to argue that Greece's relationship with the Arab world has remained a pillar of the country's diplomatic strategy, albeit instrumentalised in terms of Greece's two main foreign policy goals in the post-World War II era: maintaining the country's Western orientation and navigating the vicissitudes of Greek-Turkish relations. Thus, the Arab world has traditionally been approached by Greek policymakers in a profit maximization manner that sought to either amplify Greece's relationship with Western powers or respond to Turkish initiatives in the region. Aiming to provide the first systematic overview of Greek diplomatic strategy towards the Arab world, the article highlights the importance of path dependence in evaluating Greek foreign policy initiatives towards the Middle East. It also seeks to contextualize Greece's current attempts to forge a proactive role across the region by providing necessary historic nuance and a comparative perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses three new books that explore different aspects of Zionism and its relationship with the American Jewish community. The books examine the historical attitudes of American Jews towards Zionism, the role of emotion in diasporic Zionism, and the power dynamics between American Jewish philanthropy and Israel. The article also highlights the changing support for Israel among American Jews, with older generations being more attached to Israel compared to younger generations. Overall, these books provide valuable insights into the complex relationship between American Jews and Zionism. [Extracted from the article]

A number of studies suggest that macro-finance models incorporating the risk of extremely large drops in consumption can explain many financial phenomena. This literature is based on the data for a limited number of countries and a relatively small number of disasters in the post-World War II period. Our study constructs a global dataset on consumption disasters. We identify 498 consumption disasters in 212 countries after World War II and provide data on the probability, size, and duration of disasters for the total sample and different groups of countries. We also explore the recovery of consumption after disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the complex nature of American cultural identity and its relationship with power and authority. It references D.H. Lawrence's essay "The Spirit of Place" and its relevance to contemporary US cultural and political life. The article discusses protests against Israeli state violence in Gaza on US university campuses, emphasizing the need to understand the issue within the context of settler-colonial violence and racial othering. It critiques performative land acknowledgments and calls for genuine action and inclusivity in addressing privilege and violence. The article also examines the use of police force to suppress student protests, the discomfort that can arise from forms of protest, and the impact on academic freedom. It mentions the rise of authoritarianism in US politics and the challenges faced by female Arctic explorer Josephine Diebitsch-Peary. The text includes book reviews on various topics within American studies. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the repatriation of Soviet citizens from Manchuria to the USSR announced in 1954, revealing the complex demographic composition of the Russophone population and their subsequent migration patterns. Topics include the reasons behind repatriation decisions, the division within the Russian diaspora in Manchuria, and the significant number of Russophones who resettled in various capitalist countries following the announcement.

Understanding the history of the political right in 20th-century Canada requires analyzing the most visible political expression of right-of-center policies and views of the post-Second World War period: the Progressive Conservative (PC) Party of Canada. For its first five decades, it was the de facto government-in-waiting when the Liberals were in office. It won six federal elections, governing 1957–1963, 1979–1980, and 1984–1993. While sometimes derided as centrist by commentators on the far right, its members defined themselves as conservatives, and their beliefs and policies incorporated elements of this ideology. The party had a more progressive wing—sometimes referred to as Red Tories—who believed the better off in society had responsibilities to care for the less fortunate. This article considers the role that progressive values and policies played within the PC Party, and how the party and its leadership responded to changing understandings of what it meant to be progressive in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agency belongs to a distinctly moral understanding of the cosmos, buttressed by faith in an ultimately just and knowable universe. On some deep level, historians believe that the good will out. But looking at those moments when the agency concept creates cognitive dissonance—when, for example, Holocaust perpetrators' "agency" was placed in the service of evil—reveals things about the moral universe historians think we inhabit. Using the example of post-1945 West Germany, the essay asks whether a shift toward increasingly diffuse forms of agency across various fields may be part of a larger historical, and not merely historiographical, pattern. In the "post-truth" early twenty-first century, will historians' accounts of the past continue to be shaped by the idea of a benevolent and graspable universe, or will chaos make agency seem like an unrecognizable relic from a lost world? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text discusses the development of Philippine architecture during the American colonial period and challenges the notion that buildings designed by Filipino architects under American influence were solely colonial in nature. It highlights the contributions of Filipino architects who participated in the Pensionados Program and were the first generation to design "modern Philippine architecture" before the country gained independence in 1946. The text also explores the influence of Charles Correa's Goan origins on his design practice, specifically focusing on his use of red stone in the Permanent Mission of India to the United Nations building in New York and the Kala Academy in Goa. The use of red stone in both projects reflects Correa's regional influences and challenges monolithic notions of transnational Indian identity. [Extracted from the article]

This document titled "Timeless Versus Trendy: Exploring Pop Culture Icons Through Primary Sources" is a teaching resource for history teachers. It provides a lesson outline and activities for exploring the impact of popular culture icons, specifically The Beatles and Taylor Swift, on society. The unit focuses on concepts such as perspectives, significance, and contestability, and aims to help students critically analyze and interpret primary sources to construct reasoned explanations. The activities also explore the influence of American culture on Australia and the changes in music during the post-World War II period. [Extracted from the article]

"The Fruit of Our Lips: The Transformation of the Word of God into the Speech of Mankind" by Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy is a collection of essays and letters that challenges traditional sociological and linguistic theories. The book explores the author's unique perspectives on sociology, speech, and revolutions, which have remained largely unread due to their deviation from mainstream trends. It also delves into the influence of Rosenstock-Huessy on philosopher Franz Rosenzweig and his exploration of faith in history. Overall, the work emphasizes the importance of speech in shaping our identities, societies, and the world we live in. Additionally, Rosenstock-Huessy's "The Fruit of Our Lips" explores the origins and significance of Christianity, arguing that it emerged to transform stagnant social formations of antiquity. The author highlights the importance of the Gospels and challenges common interpretations of biblical criticism. The book also discusses the concept of freedom in Christianity, emphasizing the need for action and the opening of new pathways of time. Ultimately, it offers a unique perspective on the transformative power of Christianity and its relevance in contemporary society. [Extracted from the article]

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the weight of Machiavelli's thought, sometimes forgotten by scholars working on Del Noce, not only in the reconstruction of Del Noce's idea of modernity starting from the thought of Descartes, but also in the elaboration of a Christian political proposal during the Italian post-World War II period. This proposal will be presented precisely in the terms of overcoming Cartesian dualism and recovering the historical-political dimension of religious thought. Firstly, I offer a reconstruction of Cartesian dualism, framing it from the outset within what Del Noce defines as the conditioning horizon represented by the legacy of Machiavelli's thought. This perspective sheds new light on Del Noce's interpretation of Marx's thought, the starting point of his entire reflection. I then analyse the links and differences between the Marxist approach and that of Machiavelli, in order to conclude by mentioning the tasks that Christian thought must assume today with respect to the political sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The US has led the way building the international development cooperation system and been the largest single donor for the last seven decades. Foreign aid has gone through different phases during the post-World War II period and remains an important geopolitical and geo-economic tool for 21st century USA. The Bush and Obama administrations, despite different nuances in terms of discourse and aid practices, invested in reforms to modernise aid programmes, increased funding for USAID, and created new global health, food security, and climate change programmes. Contrary to the historical trend, the Trump administration submitted budget requisitions characterised by a 30% reduction for State Department and USAID allocations. It is noteworthy that the Trump administration questioned the costs of global leadership, criticised international organizations and the sectoral allocation of funds, and made threats of cuts in aid to countries that opposed Washington's interests. The purpose of this article is to understand how the strategy of 'America First' changed the strategic tripod of defence, diplomacy, and development, by analysing changes in US foreign aid in terms of available resources, recipient countries, aid modalities, and multilateral engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Union of Southern Service Workers (USSW) is a labor union that was established in 2022 to address the challenges faced by low-wage service workers in the U.S. South. These challenges include state laws that are against unions, lack of federal labor protections, and the exploitation of Black Southern labor. USSW aims to transform low-paying service jobs into jobs with dignity by using direct action, forming alliances with the community, and organizing across different industries. The union draws on the experiences of previous worker organizing efforts in the South and aims to build a strong organization of workers to achieve long-term changes and immediate victories. USSW uses tactics like strikes and worker speak-outs to address issues and demand better working conditions. They also recognize the connection between workplace and community issues and engage in community unionism. USSW focuses on popular education, cultural organizing, and community-building to empower workers and sustain their commitment to fighting for justice. [Extracted from the article]

The article explores the relationship between comics and libraries in Italy, highlighting the historical perception of comics as 'children's stuff' and the challenges faced by librarians in acquiring, cataloging, and preserving comics. Topics include the historical and contemporary relationship between comics and Italian libraries, the impact of the perception of comics as 'children's stuff,' challenges in managing comics collections, the role of librarians.

This article examines the relationship between Italian cinema, fashion, and the construction of a new national image in the postwar period. It focuses on fashion films from the Settimana INCOM newsreels, analyzing how Italian fashion was portrayed and filmed. The article also explores the transatlantic exchanges that influenced Italy's political, economic, and cultural trajectory after World War II. It highlights the role of fashion and film in Italy's reconstruction and the promotion of a new Italian identity. The article discusses the significance of fashion in the INCOM newsreels and its impact on Italy's moral and economic rehabilitation. It emphasizes the role of fashion as a manufacturing industry and a platform for cultural and political diplomacy between Italy and the United States. The newsreels showcased Italian fashion and its emergence in the country's new consumer society, featuring American ambassadors, actors, and fashion reports. Fashion figures like Micol Fontana and Giovanni Battista Giorgini acted as cultural mediators, promoting Italian style and contributing to Italy's rehabilitation and rebirth. The article also explores the role of the magazine La Settimana INCOM Illustrata in shaping Italian identity and documenting the nation's progress after World War II. It covers topics such as fashion, etiquette, and the relationship between Italy and the US. The article highlights the importance of fashion in postwar Italy and its connection to the concept of "Made in Italy." It emphasizes the role of fashion as a form of soft power and its intersection with cinema and media. [Extracted from the article]

Previous scholars have described the American business journalist Henry Hazlitt as "an intellectual middleman for orthodox economics." This article examines Hazlitt's career during the immediate post–World War II era to flesh out how he performed this intermediary role in a specific historical context. A spotlight on unbound print media demonstrates how they enabled Hazlitt to transmit his ideas about the postwar political economy beyond traditional mainstream venues, extending and animating the reading public. Hazlitt's engagement with pamphlet literature likewise inspired a collaboration with Leonard Read that helped lay the groundwork for the Foundation for Economic Education (FEE), the first postwar libertarian think tank. Hazlitt and FEE embarked on a reciprocal relationship during the organization's early years: FEE raised Hazlitt's profile by publicizing and disseminating his influential books Economics in One Lesson (1946) and Will Dollars Save the World? (1947) in pamphlet form, while the organization sought to build its brand by linking itself to the journalist's mainstream credibility. Examining Hazlitt's pamphlet trail in this way reaffirms his popular reach; underscores his unique role as an intellectual, interpersonal, and institutional go-between; and makes a case for his inclusion alongside other key figures in the historiography of the twentieth-century American Right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C. Wright Mills' framework of power elites did not just address the power structure of post-World War II America. We propose a methodological framework to identify this group—by locating individuals sitting at the core of elite networks—arguing that the sector composition of this group reflects the relative importance of institutional orders within the limits of a nation-state. With two comprehensive sets of network data, composed of around 5,000 potentially powerful affiliations containing approximately 38,000 individuals, we identify a modified version of k -cores in Danish elite networks each composing around 400 individuals in 2012 and 2017. While 55% of the individuals in the core have changed over five years, the core group exhibits remarkable institutional stability. First, sectoral affiliations remain largely the same, as just over half were employed in the corporate world with the rest split fairly evenly amongst union leaders, academics, senior civil servants, and politicians. Other sectors, such as cultural elites, army, clergy, or judiciary were all but excluded. Second, their organizational affiliation also remains stable. Four out of five in 2017 were employed in an organization having a member in 2012. Third, the social background, ethnic background, education, and residence remain largely the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers changes regarding the social physiognomy of apartment blocks in urban housing in the densely built neighbourhoods of Athens City Centre. The aim is to illuminate the changes that have been a main consequence of the residential mobility that began during the post-World War II period and continues today. Thus, I will provide evidence of two apartment blocks located in the Kypseli neighbourhood of the Municipality of Athens that I have thoroughly investigated. These blocks are among the 28 I have previously examined in a project about Athenian apartment blocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the great business institutions of the modern era is the BBC which is now 100 years old. The authors explored letters and memoranda in the BBC's Written Archives at Caversham, which revealed much about the business tactics of those in charge of the BBC during the pre-Second World War era, and how they used the power of their monopoly to their own ends. A new market of broadcasting magazines sprang up around the radio broadcasts, creating an inter-dependency between the two media. The BBC soon launched its own magazines, and from then on, the BBC's interactions with the press media were complex, reflecting an uncomfortable blend of symbiosis and threat. Episodes between the press owners and the BBC have been uncovered, about which there has been little previous investigation, and unexpected patterns of behaviour have emerged. This archival research, using narrative history, is based upon original letters, memoranda and handwritten messages that were archived for posterity, and which report upon the actual thoughts and views of those involved at the time, revealing unexpected intrigue and machinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the book "Profaning Paul" by Cavan W. Concannon, the author argues that attempts to separate Paul from the abuses propagated by his canonical letters fail. Concannon explores various interpretations of Paul's troubling statements and criticizes biblical scholars and historians who attempt to sanitize Paul. He seeks to profane Paul's words in order to listen to those who have been marginalized by the authority of his letters. The book also delves into the connection between waste, capitalism, and the internal nature of impurity in Christianity. Concannon's work provides a critical examination of the abuses perpetuated by interpreters of Paul and offers alternative perspectives on his writings. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the history of bioethics, focusing on the perspective of the Netherlands. The author argues that the regulation of research conduct in the Netherlands originated from physicians themselves, who saw ethics review as a way to facilitate and enhance clinical experimentation. The article highlights the shift from "internal control" to "external control" in the post-World War II period, as physicians began to view ethics as a necessary component of their research and practice. The emergence of ethics committees with external members reflected a desire for participatory democratic governance and increased accountability. The article also explores the role of professional ethicists and the unique Dutch political culture in shaping bioethics. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses two separate texts that examine different aspects of archaeology and architectural history. The first text focuses on the power dynamics and colonial roots of archaeological salvage operations in Nubia, raising questions about the role of UNESCO and Western archaeological practices. The second text explores the socialist modernization of the Trnovo district in Slovenia, highlighting the involvement of various actors in shaping Slovene socialist modernity. Both texts provide critiques of documentation and archiving practices, and emphasize the need for more inclusion of diverse perspectives in these fields. The chapter on Nubia specifically examines the socio-environmental impacts and legacies experienced by Nubian communities as a result of displacement and dispossession. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the significant modifications in worker productivity that occurred during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, indicating a significant increase in the second quarter of 2020 and a historic decrease in the first quarter of 2022. It reports that these variations are due to the indirect measurement of labor productivity based on real production and hours worked, which clarifies that apparently contradictory productivity changes occur in certain periods.

This document provides an overview of souvenir tea towels in Queensland, Australia. It explains that tea towels were originally used for practical purposes but have also become popular as collectible souvenirs. The article highlights an exhibition that showcases Queensland souvenir tea towels, indicating the sentimental value people attach to these textiles. It explores the designs and symbolism found on these tea towels, particularly those featuring maps of Queensland and sun symbols, which represent the state's growth in tourism and its association with the nickname "Sunshine State." The document emphasizes that interpretations of these tea towels can vary based on individual connections, experiences, and memories. [Extracted from the article]

The Scandinavian countries of Denmark, Sweden and Norway (sometimes including Finland and Iceland) have been depicted as small states punching above their demographic, political, military or economic weight in international affairs, especially in the post-Second World War era. The article historicises this notion by discussing nineteenth-century Scandinavian cultural elites and opinion makers who began portraying the region as culturally homogenous and distinctly modern. Coincidentally or consequently, this occurred at a time when Sweden and Denmark, having ceded their status as Northern European great powers to Russia and Prussia, were acutely preoccupied with reorienting themselves geopolitically. Expanding on the historiography of global positioning strategies in Scandinavia, the article centres on the interface between the realms of politics and cultural production during this period of transition. It highlights a group of self-declared cultural modernisers that in the 1880s came together under the banner of the Modern Breakthrough. Members of the group merit attention as public intellectuals advocating new ways of understanding Scandinavia's place in the world by redefining the relationship between the local and the global. By focusing on their role as catalysts in a collective reorientation towards non-military claims to international relevance and status as an example of space-making practices, we can shed new light on region-building in Scandinavia against the backdrop of changing social and political realities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the views of the legal doctrine and the discussion concerning the attempts to extend the legal regulation of artistic performances in Poland in the period after World War II, including the discussions in the Sejm of the first and second term in the early 1990s, accompanying the enactment of the currently binding Act on Copyright and Related Rights. During this period, many bills -- the first ones from the 1960s and 1970s -- failed to be translated into the language of the current legislation. In the period immediately after World War II, the doctrine took the position that the protection of performers could be derived from the provisions protecting the creators themselves. In practice, however, protection was implemented through the provisions of civil law and labour law. It was only after the change of the social and political system in Poland in 1989 that the work of the Sejm of successive terms of office led to the enactment of legislation protecting the rights of performer [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Notwithstanding a growing philosophical literature in music education, too many authors fail to engage with the work of other music educational philosophers. The sheer breadth of these literatures and the claims of philosophy I qua i philosophy are daunting for philosophers writing authoritatively about music education. The reality of music education as a cross disciplinary field constitutes a significant challenge for philosophers of music education. In this article, we reflect on issues that go to the heart of teaching and scholarship in the philosophy of music education. [Extracted from the article]

The Biden Administration in the United States is confronted with an acute dilemma in dealing with the rise of China as an assertive, aggressive and ambitious power in the global order. It seeks to preserve the economic benefits of maintaining good relations with China, yet is uncomfortable with the spread of Chinese influence across the world. This policy dilemma is not new for the US foreign policymakers and there are several instances of Washington’s dilemma in dealing with China in the post-World War II period. As the existing superpower United States and aspiring superpower China struggle to manage their relationship, the dilemmas faced by the US are likely to continue deep into the future. The complex interdependence marked by trade and investment relations, complex geopolitical imperatives and the need to prevent conflict escalation makes it difficult for Washington and Beijing to escape policy dilemmas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various security and foreign policy topics, including the Hamas assault on Israeli civilians and its geopolitical context, India's involvement in the Artemis Accords, and examining India's strategic interests in south-west Pacific Ocean.

We might be hard-pressed to see any connection between these two policy domains were we to focus on the traditional approaches to policy analysis: for example, policy goals, policy targets, or policy politics. By promoting what Berman terms the "economic style" of policy making, Democrats turned away from New Deal-era policy rationales that relied on claims of universal rights and justice. In it, Berman describes how the economic style entered the debate on antitrust policy and demonstrates what looks to me like the most consequential effects of the policy commitment to allocative efficiency. [Extracted from the article]

The responses in audience letters and in the press to the BBC's 1954 television adaptation of Nineteen Eighty-Four relate it to horror comics and ideas of sadism. This thread can be followed to connect this response to wider concerns with horror comics not just in the United Kingdom but across Europe in the post-World War II period. These concerns related to the fears of American soft power in the post-war world, and the potential effects that soft power would have on national identities. Comics in general, and horror comics in particular, were a useful focus for expressing these fears because of their American origins and because they were considered as products for children, and so as particularly important in forming the future of the culture. The Nineteen Eighty-Four adaptation connected to these fears, and so to the idea of 'horror comics', through its depiction of a depleted United Kingdom serving as a staging post for the forces of a larger power, an image of what some feared was the UK's real post-war status in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alain Parguez was a fierce opponent of "rentier-friendly" policies that dominated the neo-liberal era, which he saw as linked to the triumph of austerity, particularly after the mid-eighties, and for which the first seeds were planted in France before the Second World War. In the last quarter of the last century, neo-liberal policies undoubtedly dominated the scene in all main advanced countries, from the fall of the Berlin wall up to the Financial Crisis of 2008, and later. This historical period was characterized by an increased financialisation, which took the form of an accelerated growth of the financial sector of the advanced economies fed by inflation on the asset side of the financial balance sheet. In parallel, other phenomena accompanied this process such as a marked drop in real investment compared to the two previous decades, the progressive erosion of the welfare state, a general increase in inequalities, low inflation, and the rise of China as a world power among other developments. This article argues that Alain Parguez's analytical contribution on the monetary circuit fills a substantial theoretical gap in the explanation of financialisation. This gap brought some critical authors to question the relevance of the concept and sometimes to deny its very existence. The main text of reference is the one Parguez wrote in 1996, which he considered as one of his most accomplished and relevant contributions. The present paper shows that this model develops the canonical version of the monetary circuit of Augusto Graziani in a direction that allows interpreting financialisation and other related phenomena likely to prevail in a non-Modigliani-Miller world. The monetary circuit, therefore, appears as one of the building blocks of an alternative economic paradigm that is much needed to address the challenges of our time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intense development process that swept through Italy in the post-World War II period dramatically worsened the level of water contamination. From the mid-1950s, in the most damaged contexts, the issue began to attract increasing attention from both the technical- scientific community and political institutions. The refinement of investigative methods and the experimentation of technical solutions were accompanied by the drafting of legislative proposals for the protection of water bodies. On this latter front, a political dialectic unfolded, reflecting the contemporary debate on the redefinition of the structure of the State triggered by the establishment of the ordinary statute Regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the Federal Open Market Committee began raising the federal funds rate in March 2022, people have speculated on the trajectory of both monetary policy and the economy. In other words, a rate cycle begins when the FOMC begins to raise rates and ends when the FOMC stops lowering rates. As of this writing, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) is 16 months into the current rate cycle, having raised the federal funds effective rate by 500 basis points since March 2022. [Extracted from the article]