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Copyright of Journal of Mechanical Engineering is the property of ECORFAN-Mexico S.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to understand the infinite, we have to create a certain frame which by doing so the process of inclusion and exclusion is unavoidable. As the technology evolves, the information gained is also infinitely produced. However, it is very difficult to get a wisdom which once easily absorbed via storyteller. To regain such a wisdom, Benjamin created photo montage technique which I arg [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous attempts to describe the life of Peter van Selow, one of the more important type founders and printers in Sweden during the first half of the seventeenth century, have suffered from serious deficiencies: we knew neither the dates of his birth and death, nor was it clear where he was born. Quite consistently he was characterised as a Dutchman. Thanks to a newly discovered funeral sermon that has survived in Stuttgart, many blank spots in Van Selow's biography can now be filled in: Van Selow was born in Grevesmühlen in Mecklenburg, 1582, and he died in Stockholm, 1650. This study combines information from the recently located new source with long-known Swedish scholarship on the hitherto enigmatic type founder and printer. Sources about the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe, in whose service Van Selow was employed for several years, were also used to fill in some gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Polytechnic is the property of Journal of Polytechnic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We are all witnessing the digital revolution which nowadays, has a lot of influence in the communication and society. Recent discoveries in the information and communication technology are sometimes compared with the novation of Gutenberg's printing machine. However, how does this digitalization of information, knowledge and communication daily affect the language? Will the language change or will It disappear completely? It is estimated that, at least 2000 languages are destined to disappear in the next decades and their role will decrease heavily without having any influence in the academic world. What is the state of the German language at this point? With approximately 100 million speakers, the German language is well-positioned compared to the German language persists. Despite its decrease in the international stage, the German language continues to be the second most-studied language in Europe. Due to Europe's integration history in the 20th century, Germany and Austria never demanded to give more recognition to the German language from the administration of the European Union. However, the German language has a very high status in terms of contracts and treaties of the Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piezo drop-on-demand inkjet printers are used in an increasing number of applications because of their reliable deposition of droplets onto a substrate. Droplets of a few picoliters are ejected from an inkjet nozzle at frequencies of up to 100 kHz. However, the entrapment of an air microbubble in the ink channel can severely impede the productivity and reliability of the printing system. The air bubble disturbs the channel acoustics, resulting in disrupted drop formation or failure of the jetting process. Here we study a micro-electro-mechanical systems-based printhead. By using the actuating piezo transducer in receive mode, the acoustical field inside the channel was monitored, clearly identifying the presence of an air microbubble inside the channel during failure of the jetting process. The infrared visualization technique allowed for the accurate sizing of the bubble, including its dynamics, inside the intact printhead. A model was developed to calculate the mutual interaction between the channel acoustics and the bubble dynamics. The model was validated by simultaneous acoustical and infrared detection of the bubble. The model can predict the presence and size of entrapped air bubbles inside an operating ink channel purely from the acoustic response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Desktop‐grade fused deposition modeling (FDM) printers are popular because of compact sizes and affordable prices. If we are moving toward a future where desktop FDM printers are in every school and office, like conventional printers, then these machines will consume a large amount of energy and material. However, it is very difficult to evaluate the environmental impacts of FDM printers since there are so many different brands and types of printers using different raw materials under different scenarios. This study uses data from two different printing sites to evaluate the scenario and parameter uncertainty and variability in energy and material balances for FDM printers. Data from the two makerspaces provide insight into the material and energy consumption data using polylactic acid and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) with four types of printers. The use of actual performance data allowed for the additional study of scrap ratio. Regressions provide insight into predictive factors for energy and material consumption. Monte Carlo simulations show the range of energy life cycle inventory values for the desktop‐grade FDM printers. From the regressions, Type A Pro was the most energy‐intensive machine. For material waste, an open‐access makerspace using ABS was associated with higher scrap ratio. Regression analysis indicates that the rate of material usage is not a strong predictor of waste rates. The amount of waste generated across both sites indicates that more ubiquitous access to FDM printing may create a significant addition to the waste stream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The aim of this work is to propose a mathematical formula describing the temperature distribution in the inking unit of the offset printing machine caused by the phenomenon of friction between the cylinders that remain in contact, namely between pairs of inking rollers. Those rollers are made of different materials, one is made of steel and the other is covered with rubber. Moreover, beside the circular motion, the steel roller moves in a reciprocating way along the cylinder pivot. This paper describes a model of cooling of a thermostatted roller in the offset printing machine. The described analytical solution of thermal conduction for a two-layer cylinder has been achieved with the Laplace transform. Additionally, the paper contains an analysis of heat partition coefficient for the cylindrical layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Press figures are at present believed to have originated in the King's Printing House in 1629, but a few examples are also found in 1628. More than seventy years earlier, however, in 1557 the printer Thomas Marshe used the initial of his surname to identify the sheets he contributed to a missal otherwise printed by John Kingston. Two years later he similarly marked (although less consistently) most of the sheets he printed as part of a far more complex collaboration, namely one of the 1559 editions of the Elizabethan Book of Common Prayer. While he is not known to have done likewise in any later book, and was never imitated by his contemporaries or successors, he should nevertheless be recognized as the first known user of press figures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the private press of King Frederick of Prussia, which existed in the castle of Berlin, Germany, from 1749-1760. There are evidences of his correspondence for procuring high-quality printing equipment, and the press was set-up in the immediate vicinity of the Royal Library on the first floor of the castle. The press was intended to monitor the printing of King's own works from philosophers, historians and military scientists.

The results of structural periodicity in the antifriction composite parts based on copper alloyed with Ni, Mo, and W with solid lubricant CaF 2 have been presented in paper. The periodicity of structure was studied using Fourier analysis. Analysis of the structural status complexity and friction surface's characteristics were executed by two-dimensional diffraction spectrum. Fourier analysis method was used to check, prove and confirm the correctness of new composite antifriction parts' manufacturing technology. This method has shown the homogeneity of the composite material as a whole that proves the efficiency of the developed manufacturing technology. The developed technology provides the minimum friction coefficient and wear rate of the new antifriction composite parts for printing machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a physics-based finite element simulation of self folding of a hydrogel bilayer with programmed holes. Introducing holes in a bilayer modifies the topology and boundary of the bilayer. Early state swelling of a hydrogel bilayer forms rolled tubes along the periphery of the bilayer and adds the local rigidity along the boundary. Our numerical simulation shows that formation of rolled edges switches the deformation mode of hydrogel bilayer from slow and gradual bending to fast and sudden buckling or folding. On demand folding is thus possible by tuning the location, size and shape of holes. The uncovered folding mechanism is leveraged to design a number of soft self-folding machines. The results throw light on design and simulation of soft self-folding machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the series of three electronic drawing machines Desmond Paul Henry constructed during the 1960s from World War II analogue bombsight computers and which, by virtue of their inspiration, idiosyncratic modus operandi and analogue-derived effects, earn Henry a place as a British computer art pioneer. The abstract graphic results of these now-defunct drawing machines are presented as precursors to digital images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the parametric excitation of vibrations in printing machines is analysed both experimentally and theoretically. Initially, selected results from experimental studies of these drive-belt-induced torsional vibrations are discussed. For this, twelve different drive belts are used during experiments at a test rig and at a sheet-fed offset printing machine. Measured vibration amplitudes from machine and test rig correlate very well. Depending on the chosen drive belt, large vibration amplitudes occur during printing in the vicinity of a critical production speed, where the first drive belt order coincides with the machine's first eigenfrequency. This results in a clearly visible rhythm during printing and is therefore unacceptable. It is demonstrated experimentally, that active vibration control can be used successfully to reduce these parametrically excited torsional vibrations in sheet-fed offset printing machines. Furthermore, the machine is modelled as a dynamical multi-degree of freedom system with time-periodic coefficients, and the parametric excitation of torsional vibrations is studied numerically. First, a numerical stability analysis is carried out employing Floquet theory. The system's damping parameters are derived from measured machine data. Accordingly, a simulation model with drive control results in parametrically excited torsional vibration amplitudes that match very well with measured amplitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper looks at different ways of providing a RepRap 3D printer with online access and remote control to be operated from multiple devices including mobile devices. Different technological solutions that can be used with distinct printers are identified and tested. The selected and implemented remote access solution is described and examples of printed parts are presented. Reference is made to MSc theses that have been supported by this lab facility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article informs that the Jericho Press is a private press established and operated by J. F. "Chip" Coakley and takes its name from that part of Oxford, England, that was home to the printer and his family in the early 1990s. When the Coakley family moved to the United States in 1993, the printing press and cases of type remained behind. Summer, however, draws the family back to Oxford where a new, hand-printed, limited edition is created. A distinguishing characteristic of the Jericho Press is its use of exotic types. A scholar of biblical languages, the printer was aesthetically drawn to the types of these languages during his early years of graduate study at the University of Cambridge. By 1974, he had completed a course in bibliography with Philip Gaskell that centered around a press set up at the University Library. That same year, he succeeded in acquiring, from Oxford University Press, a large Syriac type that had long been out of productive use. So were laid the foundations of the Jericho Press. "Apprentice" years began with a small treadle platen press that was kept in Coakley's teaching office at the University of Lancaster.

"Printing" robots and other complex devices through a process of origami-like folding is an emerging and promising manufacturing method due to the inherent simplicity and low cost of folding-based assembly. Folding is used in this class of device to create both complex static structures and flexure-based compliant mechanisms. Dependency on batteries to power these folds with no external wires is a hurdle to giving small-scale folding robots and devices functionality. We demonstrate a battery-free wireless folding method for dynamic multijoint structures, achieving addressable folding motions-both individual and collective folding—using only basic passive electronic components on the device. The method is based on electromagnetic power transmission and resonance selectivity for actuation of resistive shape memory alloy actuators without the need for physical connection or line of sight. We demonstrate the utility of this approach using two folded devices at different sizes using different circuit approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at identifying the causes that make the tourists who use renting transport services in Europe, USA and Australia, become unsatisfied with the service. In particular, for Romania, we present an analysis of the questionnaires filled in online by the tourists who rented cars, identifying the complaints in several categories. It is essential for all companies that care about their image to identify the reasons generating complaints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much has been written on the issue of the late-arrival of the printing press to the Islamic World. A vast majority of these writings conclude that the major reasons for this late arrival were the ignorance of the Ottoman Turks to this kind of technological developments (the so-called "Eastern/Islamic ignorance") and the selfishness of the Ottoman learned class, the ulema. However, in this study, although the role of the hubris of the Ottoman cultural elite cannot be completely denied, it is emphasized that this discourse is mostly fueled by Orientalist undertones. Therefore we argue that the printing press was resisted by the Ottoman cultural elite not because they were ignorant, but because they were too sophisticated and elegant to accept to put this machine to use. To be able to understand this argument, one must first understand why and how significant the act of writing was in the Islamic tradition, the education of a calligrapher and the role of these calligraphers in the society. Therefore, we first summarize the emergence of calligraphy in the Islamic tradition, its theological background and significance, then look at the calligrapher and the society, and finally focus on the confrontation with the printing press. Without understanding the true nature and meaning of Islamic calligraphy, we believe, it is a futile task to persuade the reader why the Muslim cultural elite might have reacted reluctantly to the machine. We conclude this paper with a look at the future, by drawing attention to how computers complicates this process even further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the fourth drupa Global Trends Report published by trade fair organizer Messe Düsseldorf GmbH on March 17, 2017 focusing on the printing equipment and services industry. Key highlights of the report include the decline in prices of printers around the world, capital investment plans of suppliers, and impact of digital media on packaging printers.

The article reports on the drupa 2016 printing trade fair held in Düsseldorf, Germany. Topics include the launch of Glunz & Jensen's FlexLine automated flexo platemaking line, the sale of Hewlett Packard's HP Indigo 8000 Digital Press to companies such as Century Label, Harkwell Labels Ltd., and Industria Grafica Eurostampa S.p.A., and the distribution partnership formed by Lake Image Systems Ltd. and Solex GmbH to distribute the latter's vision inspection products across Austria.

The article discusses the highlights of the drupa 2016 printing trade fair held in Düsseldorf, Germany. Topics include the increase in number of participants posted in 2016 compared to the show's 2012 edition, countries where European visitors came from including Italy and France, and companies that launched their latest products including Adobe Systems with version 4 of Adobe PDF Print Engine and Agfa Graphics which debuted a cloud-based Arkitex Production newspaper pre-press workflow.

Copyright of Journal of Mechanical Engineering the National Technical University of Ukraine 'Kyiv Polytechnic Institute' is the property of National Technical University of Ukraine KPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

All-inkjet-printed thin-film transistors (TFTs) have been demonstrated in literature using mainly laboratory inkjet equipment, simple one-channel layout and only a low number of manufactured TFT devices. We report on the development and the up-scaling of the manufacturing of all-inkjet-printed TFT arrays using industrial inkjet equipment. The manufacturing of the TFTs was carried out in ambient condition without the need for cleanroom environments or inert atmospheres and at a maximum temperature of 150 °C enabling the use of flexible polymer films as substrate. Arrays of 924 TFTs were manufactured on an area of about DIN A4 (297 × 420 mm 2 ). This allows the consideration of statistics, e.g. to determine the process yield as a function of device design and layout. We present process yields for all-inkjet-printed TTFs up to 82% demonstrating the potential of the developed all-inkjet-printing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In roll-to-roll printing for the fabrication of flexible printed electronic devices, it is important to minimize the tension variation of the web because the tension variation strongly affects register errors and the quality of the printed devices. Moreover, the high drying temperature required to sinter functional inks causes shrinkage of the plastic web, which yields severe register errors. After the drying process, the web tension should increase, elongating the web, which contracts because of the drying process. Once the shrunken web recovers its original length by elongation, the tension stabilizes at a higher value. This steady-state stabilization of the web tension requires a long time, corresponding to the time constant between two printing units, which could increase the production time. In this study, a faststabilization method for web tension in the drying process is proposed to reduce the time required for the stabilization of the tension. For the fast stabilization, a dancer system is introduced, and the variation in the tension is used as a reference value for the tension stabilization. The proposed method is verified by simulations and experiments using actual roll-to-roll printing equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper the friction film formation analysis of the new composite bearings based on powder nickel alloy EP975 with solid lubricant CaF2 powder after tribological tests has been presented. Dense films are formed during friction of contact surfaces for tribological tests at high speed (or temperature) and loads. Such films consist of chemical elements of friction pair and air oxygen. Friction film is a determining factor for the antifriction material. It is connected with the nature of friction films. The films can minimize friction and ensure stability of a friction unit. It depends on the combination of chemical elements and oxygen in the films formed. The chemical composition of friction films not only allows explaining the mechanism of their formation, but also gives the possibility to forecast and control the functional properties of bearing materials in wide range of printing machines under operating conditions. New composite bearings can be successfully used in the military equipment nodes, such as sliding divices nodes of artillery weapons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measurements of dynamics of rollers and their segments in the direction of transverse axis of rotation of eight cassettes of folding machines were carried out in this work. Measurements were carried out in pre-selected positions of rollers and their segments for two different rotating velocities of the rollers. In the first case the roller was rotated at 9 m/min velocity and in the second - at 90 m/min. It was determined that before renewal some rotating rollers for the investigated velocity of rotation of the roller 90 m/min experienced the displacements up to 80 μm. The displacements (beatings) of the rollers and their segments originating during the process of rotation in the direction of transverse axis of rotation have substantial effect to the quality of folding of printing products. Numerical investigation of the rollers was performed by using the axisymmetric model. Supplementary stiffness from the static loading caused by centrifugal forces is taken into account. The eigenmodes are calculated. The standing waves on the surface of the roller are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]