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1. Same‐Day Discharge After Elective Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in Ontario, Canada

Author: Mina Madan, Akshay Bagai, Christopher B. Overgaard, Jiming Fang, Maria Koh, Warren J. Cantor, Pallav Garg, Madhu K. Natarajan, Derek Y. F. So, and Dennis T. Ko
Subjects: discharge, healthcare costs, hospital stay, percutaneous coronary intervention, variation, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Background To manage overcrowding and bed shortages in Canadian hospitals, same‐day discharge (SDD) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has emerged as a solution to improve resource utilization. However, limited information exists regarding current trends, hospital variation, and safety of SDD PCI in Canada. Methods and Results We evaluated outpatients undergoing elective PCI in Ontario, Canada, from October 2008 to March 2016. SDD was defined when patients were discharged on the day of PCI, and non‐SDD was defined as those patients who had 1 overnight stay. The primary outcome was 30‐day all‐cause death or hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome. Inverse probability of treatment weighting with propensity score was used to account for differences in baseline and clinical characteristics between SDD and non‐SDD groups. Among 35 972 patients who underwent elective PCI at 17 PCI centers in Ontario, 10 801 patients (30%) had SDD PCI and 25 121 patients (70%) had non‐SDD PCI. Substantial hospital variation for SDD PCI was observed, ranging from 0% to 87% during the study period. In the propensity‐weighted cohort, SDD patients had no significant difference in 30‐day rates of death or hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome (1.3% versus 1.6%; hazard ratio: 0.84 [95% CI, 0.65–1.08]; P=0.17) compared with non‐SDD patients. SDD and non‐SDD patients also had no significant difference in 30‐day rates of mortality or coronary revascularization. Conclusions In this large population‐based cohort of elective PCI patients, we demonstrated the safety of SDD PCI. Increased adoption of this strategy could lead to improved bed‐flow efficiency and substantial savings for the Canadian healthcare system without comprising outcomes.
Published: 2019
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2. Spontaneous bullet migration- uncommon sequelae of firearm injury to the brain

Author: Raj Kumar, Pallav Garg, Vijendra Maurya, Rabi Narayan Sahu, and AK Mahapatra
Subjects: bullet migration, head injury, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: An important though uncommon complication of retained missiles is that of spontaneous migration. A 22 years young man presented to us with alleged firearm injury to head. The bullet migration was evident on the third day after injury when it was seen lying in the left posterior occipital region as compared to previous posterior frontal location. Softening of contused cerebrum along the missile tract and free weight of the bullet due to gravity were probably responsible for the bullet migration in this case. The patient underwent surgical exploration and progressively recovered. This case report emphasizes the fact that spontaneous migration of a foreign body in side the cranium should be watched for, resulting in damage to vital structures producing significant neurological damage. The presence of migration should be considered to be an urgent indication for surgical intervention.
Published: 2008

3. Health Status and Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults With Chronic Coronary Disease

Author: Dan D. Nguyen, John A. Spertus, Karen P. Alexander, Jonathan D. Newman, John A. Dodson, Philip G. Jones, Susanna R. Stevens, Sean M. O’Brien, Reto Gamma, Gian P. Perna, Pallav Garg, João V. Vitola, Benjamin J.W. Chow, Andras Vertes, Harvey D. White, Paola E.P. Smanio, Roxy Senior, Claes Held, Jianghao Li, William E. Boden, Daniel B. Mark, Harmony R. Reynolds, Sripal Bangalore, Paul S. Chan, Gregg W. Stone, Suzanne V. Arnold, David J. Maron, and Judith S. Hochman
Subjects: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published: 2023
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4. Survival After Invasive or Conservative Management of Stable Coronary Disease

Author: Judith S. Hochman, Rebecca Anthopolos, Harmony R. Reynolds, Sripal Bangalore, Yifan Xu, Sean M. O’Brien, Stavroula Mavromichalis, Michelle Chang, Aira Contreras, Yves Rosenberg, Ruth Kirby, Balram Bhargava, Roxy Senior, Ann Banfield, Shaun G. Goodman, Renato D. Lopes, Radosław Pracoń, José López-Sendón, Aldo Pietro Maggioni, Jonathan D. Newman, Jeffrey S. Berger, Mandeep S. Sidhu, Harvey D. White, Andrea B. Troxel, Robert A. Harrington, William E. Boden, Gregg W. Stone, Daniel B. Mark, John A. Spertus, David J. Maron, Shari Esquenazi-Karonika, Margaret Gilsenan, Ewelina Gwiszcz, Patenne Mathews, Samaa Mohamed, Anna Naumova, Arline Roberts, Kerrie VanLoo, Ying Lu, Zhen Huang, Samuel Broderick, Luis Guzmán, Joseph Selvanayagam, Gabriel Steg, Jean-Michel Juliard, Rolf Doerr, Matyas Keltai, Boban Thomas, Tali Sharir, Eugenia Nikolsky, Aldo P. Maggioni, Shun Kohsaka, Jorge Escobedo, Olga Bockeria, Claes Held, Leslee J. Shaw, Lawrence Phillips, Daniel Berman, Raymond Y. Kwong, Michael H. Picard, Bernard R. Chaitman, Ziad Ali, James Min, G.B. John Mancini, Jonathon Leipsic, Graham Hillis, Suku Thambar, Majo Joseph, John Beltrame, Irene Lang, Herwig Schuchlenz, Kurt Huber, Kaatje Goetschalckx, Whady Hueb, Paulo Ricardo Caramori, Alexandre de Quadros, Paola Smanio, Claudio Mesquita, João Vitola, José Marin-Neto, Expedito Ribeiro da Silva, Rogério Tumelero, Marianna Andrade, Alvaro Rabelo Alves, Frederico Dall’Orto, Carisi Polanczyk, Estevão Figueiredo, Andrew Howarth, Gilbert Gosselin, Asim Cheema, Kevin Bainey, Denis Phaneuf, Ariel Diaz, Pallav Garg, Shamir Mehta, Graham Wong, Andy Lam, James Cha, Paul Galiwango, Amar Uxa, Benjamin (Ben) Chow, Adnan Hameed, Jacob Udell, Magdy Hamid, Marie Hauguel-Moreau, Alain Furber, Pascal Goube, Philippe-Gabriel Steg, Gilles Barone-Rochette, Christophe Thuaire, Michel Slama, Georg Nickenig, Raffi Bekeredjian, P. Christian Schulze, Bela Merkely, Geza Fontos, András Vértes, Albert Varga, Ajit Kumar, Rajesh G. Nair, Purvez Grant, Cholenahally Manjunath, Nagaraja Moorthy, Santhosh Satheesh, Ranjit Kumar Nath, Gurpreet Wander, Johann Christopher, Sudhanshu Dwivedi, Abraham Oomman, Atul Mathur, Milind Gadkari, Sudhir Naik, Eapen Punnoose, Ranjan Kachru, Upendra Kaul, Arthur Kerner, Giuseppe Tarantini, Gian Piero Perna, Emanuela Racca, Andrea Mortara, Lorenzo Monti, Carlo Briguori, Gianpiero Leone, Roberto Amati, Mauro Salvatori, Antonio Di Chiara, Paolo Calabro, Marcello Galvani, Stefano Provasoli, Keiichi Fukuda, Shintaro Nakano, Aleksandras Laucevicius, Sasko Kedev, Ahmad Khairuddin, Robert Riezebos, Jorik Timmer, Spencer Heald, Ralph Stewart, Walter Mogrovejo Ramos, Marcin Demkow, Tomasz Mazurek, Jarozlaw Drozdz, Hanna Szwed, Adam Witkowski, Nuno Ferreira, Fausto Pinto, Ruben Ramos, Bogdan Popescu, Calin Pop, Leo Bockeria, Elena Demchenko, Alexander Romanov, Leonid Bershtein, Ahmed Jizeeri, Goran Stankovic, Svetlana Apostolovic, Nada Cemerlic Adjic, Marija Zdravkovic, Branko Beleslin, Milica Dekleva, Goran Davidovic, Terrance Chua, David Foo, Kian Keong Poh, Mpiko Ntsekhe, Alessandro Sionis, Francisco Marin, Vicente Miró, Montserrat Gracida Blancas, José González-Juanatey, Francisco Fernández-Avilés, Jesús Peteiro, Jose Enrique Castillo Luena, Johannes Aspberg, Mariagrazia Rossi, Srun Kuanprasert, Sukit Yamwong, Nicola Johnston, Patrick Donnelly, Andrew Moriarty, Ahmed Elghamaz, Sothinathan Gurunathan, Nikolaos Karogiannis, Benoy N. Shah, Richard H.J. Trimlett, Michael B. Rubens, Edward D. Nicol, Tarun K. Mittal, Reinette Hampson, Reto Gamma, Mark De Belder, Thuraia Nageh, Steven Lindsay, Kreton Mavromatis, Todd Miller, Subhash Banerjee, Harmony Reynolds, Khaled Nour, and Peter Stone
Subjects: Physiology (medical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: Background: The ISCHEMIA trial (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness With Medical and Invasive Approaches) compared an initial invasive versus an initial conservative management strategy for patients with chronic coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, with no major difference in most outcomes during a median of 3.2 years. Extended follow-up for mortality is ongoing. Methods: ISCHEMIA participants were randomized to an initial invasive strategy added to guideline-directed medical therapy or a conservative strategy. Patients with moderate or severe ischemia, ejection fraction ≥35%, and no recent acute coronary syndromes were included. Those with an unacceptable level of angina were excluded. Extended follow-up for vital status is being conducted by sites or through central death index search. Data obtained through December 2021 are included in this interim report. We analyzed all-cause, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality by randomized strategy, using nonparametric cumulative incidence estimators, Cox regression models, and Bayesian methods. Undetermined deaths were classified as cardiovascular as prespecified in the trial protocol. Results: Baseline characteristics for 5179 original ISCHEMIA trial participants included median age 65 years, 23% women, 16% Hispanic, 4% Black, 42% with diabetes, and median ejection fraction 0.60. A total of 557 deaths accrued during a median follow-up of 5.7 years, with 268 of these added in the extended follow-up phase. This included a total of 343 cardiovascular deaths, 192 noncardiovascular deaths, and 22 unclassified deaths. All-cause mortality was not different between randomized treatment groups (7-year rate, 12.7% in invasive strategy, 13.4% in conservative strategy; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.85–1.18]). There was a lower 7-year rate cardiovascular mortality (6.4% versus 8.6%; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.63–0.96]) with an initial invasive strategy but a higher 7-year rate of noncardiovascular mortality (5.6% versus 4.4%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.08–1.91]) compared with the conservative strategy. No heterogeneity of treatment effect was evident in prespecified subgroups, including multivessel coronary disease. Conclusions: There was no difference in all-cause mortality with an initial invasive strategy compared with an initial conservative strategy, but there was lower risk of cardiovascular mortality and higher risk of noncardiovascular mortality with an initial invasive strategy during a median follow-up of 5.7 years. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT04894877.
Published: 2023
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5. Initial Invasive or Conservative Strategy for Stable Coronary Disease

Author: Maron D. J., Hochman J. S., Reynolds H. R., Bangalore S., O'Brien S. M., Boden W. E., Chaitman B. R., Senior R., Lopez-Sendon J., Alexander K. P., Lopes R. D., Shaw L. J., Berger J. S., Newman J. D., Sidhu M. S., Goodman S. G., Ruzyllo W., Gosselin G., Maggioni A. P., White H. D., Bhargava B., Min J. K., John Mancini G. B., Berman D. S., Picard M. H., Kwong R. Y., Ali Z. A., Mark D. B., Spertus J. A., Krishnan M. N., Elghamaz A., Moorthy N., Hueb W. A., Demkow M., Mavromatis K., Bockeria O., Peteiro J., Miller T. D., Szwed H., Doerr R., Keltai M., Selvanayagam J. B., Gabriel Steg P., Held C., Kohsaka S., Mavromichalis S., Kirby R., Jeffries N. O., Harrell F. E., Rockhold F. W., Broderick S., Bruce Ferguson T., Williams D. O., Harrington R. A., Stone G. W., Rosenberg Y, ISCHEMIA Research Group: Joseph Ricci, A Tello Montoliu, A I Robero Aniorte, Abbey Mulder, Abhay A Laddu, Abhinav Goyal, Abhishek Dubey, Abhishek Goyal, Abigail Knighton, Abraham Oomman, Adam J Jaskowiak, Adam Kolodziej, Adam Witkowski, Adnan Hameed, Adriana Anesini, Afshan Hussain, Agne Juceviciene, Agne Urboniene, Agnes Jakal, Agnieszka Szramowska, Ahmad Khairuddin, Ahmed Abdel-Latif, Ahmed Adel, Ahmed Aljzeeri, Ahmed Kamal, Ahmed Talaat, Aimee Mann, Aira Contreras, Ajit Kumar, V K Kumar, Akemi Furukawa, Akshay Bagai, Akvile Smigelskaite, Alain Furber, Alain Rheault, Alaine Melanie Loehr, Alan Rosen, Albert Varga, Albertina Qelaj, Alberto Barioli, Aldo Russo, Alec Moorman, Alejandro Gisbert, Aleksandra Fratczak, Aleksandras Laucevicius, Alena Kuleshova, Alessandro Sionis, Alexander A Sirker, Alexander M Chernyavskiy, Alexandra Craft, Alexandra Vazquez, Alexandre Ciappina Hueb, Alexandre S Colafranseschi, Alexandre Schaan de Quadros, Alexandre Tognon, Ali Alghamdi, Alice Manica Muller, Aline Nogueira Rabaça, Aline Peixoto Deiro, Alison Hallam, Allegra Stone, Allison Schley, Almudena Castro, Alvaro Rabelo Ales, Amanda Germann, Amanda O'Malley, Amar Uxa, Amarachi Ojajuni, Amarino C Oliveira Jr, Amber B Hull, Ambuj Roy, Amer Zarka, Amir Janmohamed, Ammani Brown, Ammy Malinay, Amparo Martinez Monzonis, Amy J Richards, Amy Iskandrian, Amy Ollinger, Ana D Djordjevic-Dikic, Ana Fernández Martínez, Ana Gomes Almeida, Ana Paula Batista, Ana Rita Francisco, Ana S Mladenovic, Ana Santana, Anam Siddiqui, Anastasia M Kuzmina-Krutetskaya, Andras Vertes, Andre S Sousa, Andre Gabriel, André Schmidt, Andrea M Lundeen, Andrea Bartykowszki, Andrea Lorimer, Andrea Mortara, Andrea Pascual, Andreia Coelho, Andreia Rocha, Andrés García-Rincón, Andrew G Howarth, Andrew J Moriarty, Andrew Docherty, Andrew Starovoytov, Andrew Zurick, Andrzej Łabyk, Andrzej Swiatkowski, Andy Lam, Anelise Kawakami, Angela Hoye, Angela Kim, Angelique Smit, Angelo Nobre, Anil V Shah, Anja Ljubez, Anjali Anand, Ankush Sachdeva, Ann Greenberg, Ann Luyten, Ann Ostrander, Anna Di Donato, Anna Cichocka-Radwan, Anna Fojt, Anna Plachcinska, Anna Proietti, Anna Teresinska, Anne Marie Webb, Anne Cartwright, Anne Heath, Anne Mackin, Anong Amaritakomol, Anong Chaiyasri, Anoop Chauhan, Anoop Mathew, Anthony Gemignani, Anto Luigi Andres, Antonia Vega, Antonietta Hansen, Antonino Ginel Iglesias, Antonio Carlos Carvalho, Antonio Di Chiara, Antonio Serra Peñaranda, Antonio Carvalho, Antonio Colombo, Antonio Fiarresga, Anupama Rao, Aquiles Valdespino-Estrada, Araceli Boan, Areef Ishani, Ariel Diaz, Arijit Ghosh, Arintaya Prommintikul, Arline Roberts, Arnold H Seto, Arnold P Good, Arshed Quyyumi, Arthur J Labovitz, Arthur Kerner, Arturo S Campos-Santaolalla, Arunima Misra, Ashok Mukherjee, Ashok Seth, Ashraf Seedhom, Asim N Cheema, Asker Ahmed, Atul Mathur, Atul Verma, Audrey W Leong, Axel Åkerblom, Axelle Fuentes, Aynun Naher, Badhma Valaiyapathi, Baljeet Kaur, Bandula Guruge, Barbara Brzezińska, Barbara Nardi, Bartosz Czarniak, Bebek Singh, Begoña Igual, Bela Merkely, Belen Cid Alvarez, Benjamin J Spooner, Benjamin J W Chow, Benjamin Cheong, Benoy N Shah, Bernard de Bruyne, Bernardas Valecka, Bernhard Jäger, Beth A Archer, Beth Abramson, Beth Jorgenson, Bethany Harvey, Betsy O'Neal, Bev Atkinson, Bev Bozek, Bevin Lang, Bijulal Sasidharan, Bin Yang, Bin Zhang, Binoy Mannekkattukudy Kurian, Bjoern Goebel, Bob Hu, Bogdan A Popescu, Bogdan Crnokrak, Bolin Zhu, Bonnie J Kirby, Brandi D Zimbelman, Brandy Starks, Branko D Beleslin, Brenda Hart, Brian P Shapiro, Brian McCandless, Brianna Wisniewski, Brigham R Smith, Brooks Mirrer, Bruce McManus, Bruce Rutkin, Bruna Edilena Paulino, Bruna Maria Ascoli, Bryn Smith, Byron J Allen, C Michael Gibson, C Noel Bairey Merz, Calin Pop, Cameron Hague, Camila Thais de Ormundo, Candace Gopaul, Candice P Edillo, Carísi A Polanczyk, Carita Krannila, Carla Vicente, Carl-Éric Gagné, Carlo Briguori, Carlos Peña Gil, Carlos Alvarez, Carly Ohmart, Carmen C Beladan, Carmen Ginghina, Carol M Kartje, Caroline Alsweiler, Caroline Brown, Caroline Callison, Caroline Pinheiro, Caroline Rodgers, Caroline Spindler, Carolyn Corbett, Carrie Drum, Casey Riedberger, Catherine Bone, Catherine Fleming, Catherine Gordon, Catherine Jahrsdorfer, Catherine Lemay, Catherine Weick, Cathrine Patten, Cecilia Goletto, Cezary Kepka, Chandini Suvarna, Chang Xu, Chantale Mercure, Charle A Viljoen, Charlene Wiyarand, Charles Jia-Yin Hou, Charles Y Lui, Charles Cannan, Charles Cornet, Charlotte Pirro, Chataroon Rimsukcharoenchai, Chen Wang, Cheng-Ting Tsai, Chen-Yen Chien, Cheryl A Allardyce, Chester M Hedgepeth, Chetan Patel, Chiara Attanasio, Chih-Hsuan Yen, Chi-Ming Chow, Ching Min Er, Ching-Ching Ong, Cholenahally Nanjappa Manjunath, Chris Beck, Chris Buller, Christel Vassaliere, Christian Hamm, Christiano Caldeira, Christie Ballantyne, Christina Björklund, Christine R Hinton, Christine Bergeron, Christine Masson, Christine Roraff, Christine Shelley, Christophe Laure, Christophe Thuaire, Christopher Kinsey, Christopher McFarren, Christopher Spizzieri, Christopher Travill, Chun-Chieh Liu, Chung-Lieh Hung, Chunguang Li, Chun-Ho Yun, Chunli Xia, Ciarra Heard, Cidney Schultz, Clare Venn-Edmonds, Claudia P Hochberg, Claudia Wegmayr, Claudia Cortés, Claudia Escobar, Cláudia Freixo, Claudio T Mesquita, Clemens T Kadalie, Colin Berry, Constance Philander, Corine Thobois, Costantino Costantini, Courtney Page, Craig Atkinson, Craig Barr, Craig Paterson, Cristina Bare, Cynthia Baumann, Cynthia Burman, Dalisa Espinosa, Damien Collison, Dan Deleanu, Dan Elian, Dan Gao, Dana Oliver, Daniel P Vezina, Daniel O'Rourke, Daniele Komar, Danielle Schade, Darrel P Francis, Dastan Malaev, David A Bull, David E Winchester, David P Faxon, David Booth, David Cohen, David DeMets, David Foo, David Schlichting, David Taggart, David Waters, David Wohns, Davis Vo, Dawid Teodorczyk, Dawn Shelstad, Dawn Turnbull, Dayuan Li, Dean Kereiakes, Deborah O'Neill, Deborah Yip, Debra K Johnson, Debra Dees, Deepak L Bhatt, Deepika Gopal, Deepti Kumar, Deirdre Mattina, Deirdre Murphy, Delano R Small, Delsa K Rose, Dengke Jiang, Denis Carl Phaneuf, Denise Braganza, Denise Fine, Derek Cyr, Desiree Tobin, Diana Cukali, Diana Parra, Diane Camara, Diane Minshall Liu, Diego Adrián Vences, Diego Franca de Cunha, Dimitrios Stournaras, Dipti Patel, Dongze Li, Donna Exley, Dorit Grahl, Dragana Stanojevic, Duarte Cacela, Dwayne S G Conway, E Pinar Bermudez, Eapen Punnoose, Edgar L Tay, Edgar Karanjah, Edoardo Verna, Eduardo Hernandez-Rangel, Edward D Nicol, Edward O McFalls, Edward T Martin, Edyta Kaczmarska, Ekaterina I Lubinskaya, Elena A Demchenko, Elena Refoyo Salicio, Eli Feen, Elihú Durán-Cortés, Elisabeth M Janzen, Elise L Hannemann, Elise van Dongen, Elissa Restelli Piloto, Eliza Kaplan, Elizabeta Srbinovska Kostovska, Elizabeth Capasso-Gulve, Elizabeth Congdon, Elizabeth Ferguson, Elizaveta V Zbyshevskaya, Ellen Magedanz, Ellie Fridell, Ellis W Lader, Elvin Kedhi, Emanuela Racca, Emilie Tachot, Emily DeRosa, Encarnación Alonso-Álvarez, Eric Nicollet, Eric Peterson, Erick Alexánderson Rosas, Erick Donato Morales, Erin Orvis, Ermina Moga, Estelle Montpetit, Estevao Figueiredo, Eugene Passamani, Eugenia Nikolsky, Eunice Yeoh, Evgeniy I Kretov, Ewa Szczerba, Ewelina Wojtala, Expedito Eustáquio Ribeiro Silva, F Marin Ortuño, Fabio R Farias, Fabio Fimiani, Fabrizio Rolfo, Fa-Chang Yu, Fadi Hage, Fadi Matar, Fahim Haider Jafary, Fang Feng, Fang Liu, Fatima Ranjbaran, Fatima Rodriguez, Fausto J Pinto, Fauzia Rashid, Federica Ramani, Fei Wang, Fernanda Igansi, Filipa Silva, Filippo Ottani, Fiona Haines, Firas Al Solaiman, Flávia Egydio, Flavio Lyra, Florian Egger, Fran Farquharson, Frances Laube, Francesc Carreras Costa, Francesca de Micco, Francesca Bianchini, Francesca Pezzetta, Francesca Pietrucci, Francesco Orso, Francesco Pisano, Francis Burt, Francisca Patuleia Figueiras, Francisco Fernandez-Aviles, Francois Pierre Mongeon, Frans Van de Werf, Franziska Guenther, Fraser N Witherow, Fred Mohr, Frederico Dall'Orto, Fumiyuki Otsuka, G De La Morena, G Karthikeyan, Gabor Dekany, Gabor Kerecsen, Gabriel Galeote, Gabriel Grossmann, Gabriel Vorobiof, Gabriela Sanchez de Souza, Gabriela Guzman, Gabriela Zeballos, Gabriele Gabrielli, Gabriele Jakl-Kotauschek, Gail A Shammas, Gail Brandt, Gang Chen, Gary E Lane, Gary J Luckasen, Gautam Sharma, Gelmina Mikolaitiene, Gennie Yee, Georg Nickenig, George E Revtyak, George J Juang, Gerald Fletcher, Gerald Leonard, Gerard Patrick Devlin, Gerard Esposito, Gergely Ágoston, Gervasio Lamas, Geza Fontos, Ghada Mikhail, Gia Cobb, Gian Piero Perna, Gianpiero Leone, Giles Roditi, Gilles Barone-Rochette, Girish Mishra, Giuseppe Tarantini, Glenda Wong, Glenn S Hamroff, Glenn Rayos, Gong Cheng, Gonzalo Barge-Caballero, Goran Davidović, Goran Stankovic, Gordana Stevanovic, Grace Jingyan Wang, Grace M Young, Graceanne Wayser, Graciela Scaro, Graham S Hillis, Graham Wong, Grazyna Anna Szulczyk, Gregor Simonis, Gregory Kumkumian, Gretchen Ann Peichel, Grzegorz Gajos, Gudrun Steinmaurer, Guilherme G Rucatti, Guilherme Portugal, Guilhermina Cantinho Lopes, Guillem Pons Lladó, Gunnar Frostfelt, Gurpreet S Wander, Gurpreet Gulati, Gustavo Pucci, Hafidz Abd Hadi, Haibo Zhang, Haitao Wang, Halina Marciniak, Han Chen, Hanan Kerr, Hani Najm, Hanna Douglas, Hannah Phillips, Hao Dai, Haojian Dong, Haqeel Jamil, Harikrishnan Sivadasanpillai, Harry Suryapranata, Hassan Reda, Hayley Pomeroy, Heather Barrentine, Heather Golden, Heather Hurlburt, Heidi Wilson, Helen C Tucker, Helene Abergel, Hemalata Siddaram, Hermine Osseni, Herwig Schuchlenz, Hesong Zeng, Hicham Skali, Hilda Solomon, Hollie Horton, Holly Hetrick, Holly Little, Holly Park, Hongjie Chi, Hossam Mahrous, Howard A Levite, Hristo Pejkov, Huajun Li, Hugo Bloise-Adames, Hugo Marques, Hui Zhong, Hui-Min Zhang, Humayrah Hashim, Hung-I Yeh, Hussien El Fishawy, Ian Webb, Iftikhar Kullo, Igor O Grazhdankin, Ihab Hamzeh, Ikraam Hassan, Ikuko Ueda, Ileana L Pina, Ilona Tamasauskiene, Ilse Bouwhuis, Imran Arif, Ina Wenzelburger, Inês Zimbarra Cabrita, Ines Rodrigues, Inga H Robbins, Inga Soveri, Ingela Schnittger, Iqbal Karimullah, Ira M Dauber, Iram Rehman, Irena Peovska Mitevska, Irene Marthe Lang, Irina Subbotina, Irma Kalibataite-Rutkauskiene, Irni Yusnida, Isabel Estela Carvajal, Isabella C Palazzo, Isabelle Hogan, Isabelle Roy, Ishba Syed, Ishita Tejani, Ivan A Naryshkin, Ivana Jankovic, Iwona Niedzwiecka, J David Knight, Jacek Kusmierek, Jackie M White, Jackie Chow, Jacob Udell, Jacqueline E Tamis-Holland, Jacqueline Fannon, Jacquelyn A Quin, Jacquelyn Do, Jaekyeong Heo, Jakub Maksym, James E Davies, James H O'Keefe Jr, James J Jang, James Cha, James Harrison, James Hirsch, James Stafford, James Tatoulis, Jamie Rankin, Jan Henzel, Jan Orga, Jana Tancredi, Janaina Oliveira, Jane Burton, Jane Eckstein, Jane Marucci, Janet P Knight, Janet Blount, Janet Halliday, Janetta Kourzenkova, Janitha Raj, Jan-Malte Sinning, Jaqueline Pozzibon, Jaroslaw Drozdz, Jaroslaw Karwowski, Jason D Glover, Jason Loh Kwok, Jason T Call, Jason Linefsky, Jassira Gomes, Jati Anumpa, Javier J Garcia, Javier Courtis, Jay Meisner, K Jayakumar, Jayne Scales, Jean E Denaro, Jean Michel Juliard, Jean Ho, Jeanette K Stansborough, Jean-Michel Juliard, Jeanne Russo, Jeannette J M Schoep, Jeet Thambyrajah, Jeff Leimberger, Jeffery A Breall, Jeffrey A Kohn, Jeffrey C Milliken, Jeffrey Anderson, Jeffrey Blume, Jeffrey Kanters, Jeffrey Lorin, Jeffrey Moses, Jelena J Stepanovic, Jelena Celutkiene, Jelena Djokic, Jelena Stojkovic, Jenne M Jose, Jenne Manchery, Jennifer A Mull, Jennifer H Czerniak, Jennifer L Stanford, Jennifer Gillis, Jennifer Horst, Jennifer Isaacs, Jennifer Langdon, Jennifer Thomson, Jennifer Tomfohr, Jennifer White, Jen-Yuan Kuo, Jeremy Rautureau, Jerome Fleg, Jessica Berg, Jessica Rodriguez, Jessica Waldron, Jhina Patro, Jia Li, Jiajia Mao, Jiamin Liu, Jian'an Wang, Jianhua Li, Jianxin Zhang, Jie Qi, Jihyun Lyo, Jill Marcus, Jim Blankenship, Jing Zhang, Jingjing Liu, Jing-Yao Fan, Jiun-Yi Li, Jiwan Pradhan, Jiyan Chen, J M Rivera Caravaca, Jo Evans, Joan Garcia Picart, Joan Hecht, Joanna Jaroch, Joanna Zalewska, Joanne Kelly, Joanne Taaffe, João Reynaldo Abbud, João V Vitola, Joaquín V Peñafiel, Jocelyne Benatar, Jody Bindeman, Joe Sabik, Joel Klitch, Johann Christopher, Johannes Aspberg, John D Friedman, John F Beltrame, John F Heitner, John Joseph Graham, John R Davies, John Doan, John Kotter, John Kurian, John Mukai, John Pownall, Jolanta Sobolewska, Jon Kobashigawa, Jonathan L Goldberg, Jonathan W Bazeley, Jonathan Byrne, Jonathan Himmelfarb, Jonathan Leipsic, Jonean Thorsen, Jorge F Trejo Gutierrez, Jorge Escobedo, Jorik Timmer, José A Ortega-Ramírez, José Antonio Marin-Neto, Jose D Salas, Jose Enrique Castillo, Jose Francisco Saraiva, José J Cuenca-Castillo, Jose L Diez, José Luis Narro Villanueva, José Luiz da Vieira, José M Flores-Palacios, Jose Ramon Gonzalez, Jose Seijas Amigo, Jose Fragata, Josep Maria Padró, Josheph F X McGarvey Jr, Joseph Hannan, Joseph Sacco, Joseph Sweeny, Joseph Wiesel, Josephine D Abraham, Joshua P Loh, Joy Burkhardt, Joyce R White, Joyce Riestenberg-Smith, Judit Sebo, Judith L Meadows, Judith Wright, Judy Mae Foltz, Judy Hung, Judy Otis, Juergen Stumpf, Jui-Peng Tsai, Julia S Dionne, Julia de Aveiro Morata, Julie Bunke, Julie Morrow, Julio César Figal, Jun Fujita, Jun Jiang, Junhua Li, Junqing Yang, Juntima Euathrongchit, Jyotsna Garg, K Manjula Rani, K Preethi, Kaatje Goetschalckx, Kai Eggers, Kamalakar Surineni, Kanae Hirase, T R Kapilamoorthy, Karen Calfas, Karen Gratrix, Karen Hallett, Karen Hultberg, Karen Nugent, Karen Petrosyan, Karen Swan, Karolina Kryczka, Karolina Wojtczak-Soska, Karolina Wojtera, Karsten Lenk, Karthik Ramasamy, Katarzyna Łuczak, Katarzyna Malinowska, Kate Pointon, Kate Robb, Katherine Martin, Kathleen Claes, Kathryn Carruthers, Kathy E Siegel, Katia Drouin, Katie Fowler-Lehman, Kavita Rawat, Kay Rowe, Keiichi Fukuda, Keith A A Fox, Ken Mahaffey, Kendra Unterbrink, Kenneth Giedd, Kerrie Van Loo, Kerry Lee, Kerstin Bonin, Kevin R Bainey, Kevin T Harley, Kevin Anstrom, Kevin Chan, Kevin Croce, Kevin Landolfo, Kevin Marzo, Keyur Patel, Khaled Abdul-Nour, Khaled Alfakih, Khaled Dajani, Khaled Ziada, Khaula Baloch, Khrystyna Kushniriuk, Kian-Keong Poh, Kim F Ireland, Kim Holland, Kimberly Ann Byrne, Kimberly E Halverson, Kimberly Elmore, Kimberly Miller-Cox, Kiran Reddy, Kirsten J Quiles, Kirsty Abercrombie, Klaus Matschke, Konrad Szymczyk, Koo Hui Chan, Kotiboinna Preethi, Kozhaya Sokhon, Krissada Meemuk, Kristian Thygesen, Kristin M Salmi, Kristin Newby, Kristina Wippler, Kristine Arges, Kristine Teoh, Krystal Etherington, Krystyna Łoboz-Grudzień, Krzysztof W Reczuch, Krzysztof Bury, Krzysztof Drzymalski, Krzysztof Kukuła, Kuo-Tzu Sung, Kurt Huber, Ladda Douangvila, Lance Sullenberger, Larissa Miranda Trama, Laszlone Matics, Laura Drew, Laura Flint, Laura 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Luiz A Carvalho, Luyang Xiong, Lynette L Teo, Lynn M Neeson, Lynne Winstanley, M Barbara Srichai-Parsia, M Quintana Giner, M Sowjanya Reddy, M Valdés Chávarri, M Grazia Rossi, Maarten Simoons, Maayan Konigstein, Maciej Lesiak, Maciej Olsowka, Mafalda Selas, Magalie Corfias, Magdalena Madero Rovalo, Magdalena Łanocha, Magdalena Miller, Magdalena Misztal-Teodorczyk, Magdalena Rantinella, Magdy Abdelhamid, Magnolia Jimenez, Mahboob Alam, Mahevamma Mylarappa, Mahfouz El Shahawy, Mahmoud Mohamed, Mahmud Al-Bustami, Majo X Joseph, Malgorzata Frach, Małgorzta Celińska-Spodar, Malte Helm, Manas Chacko, Mandy Murphy, Manitha Vinod, Manjula Rani, Manu Dhawan, Manuela Mombelli, Marcel Weber, Marcello Galvani, Marcelo Jamus Rodrigues, Marcia F Dubin, Marcia F Werner Bayer, Marcin Szkopiak, Marco Antonio Monsalve, Marco Bizzaro Santos, Marco Magnoni, Marco Marini, Marco Sicuro, Marco Zenati, Marcos Valério Coimbra Resende, Marek Roik, Margalit Bentzvi, Margaret Gilsenan, Margaret Iraola, Margot C 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Hayes, Sebastian Sobczak, Senait Asier, Sergey A Sayganov, Seth I Sokol, Shaheen Pandie, Shaiful Azmi Yahaya, Shamir Mehta, Shao-Ping Nie, Sharad Chandra, Sharder Islam, Sharon Tai, Sheetal Rupesh Karwa, Sheri Ussery, Sheromani Bajaj, Sherron C Crook, Shigeyuki Nishimura, Shintaro Nakano, Shirin Heydari, Shiv Kumar Choudhary, Shivali Patel, Shobana Ganesan, Shruti Pandey, Shuyang Zhang, Shweta Hande, Siddharth Gadage, Sik-Yin V Tan, Silvia Zottis Poletti, Silvia Riera, Silvia Valbuena, Simon Walsh, Simona Maspoli, Simone Savaris, Si-Ting Feng, So Yang Cho, Solomon Yakubov, Songlin Zhu, Songtao Wang, Sonia Guerrero, Sonika Gupta, Sonja Salinger Martinovic, Sonya Brons, Sorin Brener, Sothinathan Gurunathan, Souheil Saba, Soundarya Nayak, Sowjanya Reddy, Srinivasa Potluri, Sriram Sudarshan, Srun Kuanprasert, Stacie Van Oosterhout, Stamatios Lerakis, Stanley E Cobos, Stefan C Bertog, Stefan M Simović, Stefan Weikl, Stefano Di Marco, Stefano Provasoli, Stephanie A Tirado, Stephanie C Boer, Stephanie M Lane, Stephanie Ferket, Stephanie Kelly, Stephanie Wasmiller, Stephen H McKellar, Stephen P Hoole, Stephen Fremes, Stephen Preston, Steve Leung, Steven A Fein, Steven J Lindsay, Steven P Sedlis, Steven Giovannone, Steven Michael, Steven Weitz, Stijn van Vugt, Subhash Banerjee, Sudhir Naik, Suellen Hosino, Sukie Desire, Sukit Yamwong, Suku T Thambar, Sulagna Mookherjee, Suman Singh, Sundeep Mishra, Sunil Kumar Verma, Supap Kulthawong, Supatchara Khwakhong, Surendra Naik, Suresh Babu, Surin Woragidpoonpol, Suryaprakash Narayanappa, Susan Derbyshire, Susan Gent, Susan Mathus, Susan Milbrandt, Susan Moore, Susan Regan, Susan Stinson, Susan Webber, Susana Silva, Susanna Stevens, Susanne Gruensfelder, Suthara Aramcharoen, Suvarna Kolhe, Suzana Tavares, Suzanne Arnold, Suzanne Welsh, Svetlana Apostolovic, Swapna Kunhunny, Ta-Chuan Hung, Taissa Zappernick, Tali Sharir, Talita Silva, Tamara Colaiácovo Soares, Tapan Umesh Pillay, Tarun K Mittal, Tatiana Trifonova, Tauane Bello Duarte, Tauqir Huk, Téodora Dutoiu, Terrance Chua, Terry Weyand, Thabitha Charles, Theodoros Kofidis, Theresa McCreary, Thierry Lefevre, Thippeekaa Arumairajah, Thitipong Tepsuwan, Thomas J Mulhearn, Thomas M Meyer, Thomas P Rocco, Thomas R Downes, Thomas Crain, Thomas Haldis, Thomas Mathew, Thomas Redick, Thounaojam Indira Devi, Thuraia Nageh, Tia Cauthren, Tiago Silva, Tiffany Little, Tijana Andric, Tina Harding, Titus Lau, Tiziana Formisano, Tiziano Moccetti, Tomasz Ciurus, Tomasz Mazurek, Tomasz Tarchalski, Toshiyuki Nagai, Tri Tran, Tricia Youn, Trish Tucker, Trudie Milner, Tuhina Bose, Tushar Kotecha, Udo Sechtem, Uma S Valeti, Umberto Cucchini, Umesh Badami, Upendra Kaul, V K Bahl, V S Narain, Valentina Casali, Valeria Godoy, Valerie Robesyn, Vamshi P Priya, Vandana Yadav, Vera McKinney, Veronica De Lenges, Veronica Tinnirello, Vicente Miro, Victor Navarro, Victoria Gumerova, Victoria Hernandez, Vidya Seeratan, Vijay Kumar, Vikentiy Y Kozulin, Viktoria Bulkley, Vilmar Veiga Jr, Vincent Setang, C P Vineeth, Virginai Pubull Nuñez, Virginia Fernández-Figares, Vitor Gomes, Viviana Gabriel, Viviane Dos Santos, Viviane Almeida, Vlad A Iliescu, Vladan Mudrenovic, Vladimir Dzavik, Vojislav L Giga, Walter Enrique Mogrovejo, Wan Xian Chan, Wanda C Marfori, Wanda Parker, Warangkana Mekara, Wassim Nona, Wayne Old, Wayne Pennachi, Weerachai Nawarawong, Wei Chen, Wei Su, Weibing Xing, Wei-Ren Lan, Wenda Crawford, Wendy L Stewart, Wendy Drewes, Wenhua Lin, William B Abernethy, William D Salerno, William F Fearon, William Vergoni, William Weintraub, Winnie C Sia, Wlodzimierz J Musial, Xacobe Flores-Ríos, Xavier Garcia-Moll Marimon, Xi Su, Xiang Ma, Xiangqiong Gu, Xiao Wang, Xiaomei Li, Xiaowei Yao, Xin Fu, Xin Su, Xin Zeng, Xinchun Yang, Xiuhong Li, Xuehua Fang, Xutong Wang, Yaming Geng, Yan Yan, Yanek Pépin-Dubois, Yanfu Wang, Yang Wang, Yanmeng Tian, Yaping Huang, Yechen Han, Yesenia Zambrano, Yi-Hsuan Yang, Ying Tung Sia, Yining Yang, Yitong Ma, Yolayfi Peralta, Yongjian Wu, Yu Kunwu, Yu Zhao, Yudong Peng, Yueh-Hung Lin, Yulan Zhao, Yumei Dong, Yunhai Zhao, Yutthaphan Wannasopha, Yvonne Taul, Zakir Sahul, Zalina Kudzoeva, Zbigniew Kalarus, Zeljko Z Markovic, Zhen Huang, Zheng Ji, Zhenyu Liu, Zhou Yue, Zhulin Zhang, Zhuxi Li, Zile Singh Meharwal, Ziliang Bai, Zixiang Yu, Zohra Huda, Zoltan Davidovits
Subjects: Male, Cardiac Catheterization, Computed Tomography Angiography, medicine.medical_treatment, Myocardial Ischemia, Coronary Disease, Coronary Artery Disease, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary Angiography, ISCHEMIA Research Group, law.invention, Angina, Coronary artery disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Cardiovascular Disease, Myocardial Revascularization, 030212 general & internal medicine, Coronary Artery Bypass, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiac catheterization, General Medicine, Middle Aged, humanities, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiology, Female, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Ischemia, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Geriatric cardiology, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, General & Internal Medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Angina, Unstable, Aged, business.industry, Coronary Artery Bypa, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Bayes Theorem, medicine.disease, Heart failure, Quality of Life, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, whether clinical outcomes are better in those who receive an invasive intervention plus medical therapy than in those who receive medical therapy alone is uncertain. METHODS: We randomly assigned 5179 patients with moderate or severe ischemia to an initial invasive strategy (angiography and revascularization when feasible) and medical therapy or to an initial conservative strategy of medical therapy alone and angiography if medical therapy failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. A key secondary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or myocardial infarction. RESULTS: Over a median of 3.2 years, 318 primary outcome events occurred in the invasive-strategy group and 352 occurred in the conservative-strategy group. At 6 months, the cumulative event rate was 5.3% in the invasive-strategy group and 3.4% in the conservative-strategy group (difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 3.0); at 5 years, the cumulative event rate was 16.4% and 18.2%, respectively (difference, -1.8 percentage points; 95% CI, -4.7 to 1.0). Results were similar with respect to the key secondary outcome. The incidence of the primary outcome was sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction; a secondary analysis yielded more procedural myocardial infarctions of uncertain clinical importance. There were 145 deaths in the invasive-strategy group and 144 deaths in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.32). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. The trial findings were sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction that was used. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; ISCHEMIA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01471522.).
Published: 2020
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6. Impact of Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair on Preprocedural and Postprocedural Hospitalization Rates

Author: Andrew Czarnecki, Mark Osten, Shamir R. Mehta, Eric A. Cohen, Pallav Garg, Wael Abuzeid, Dennis T. Ko, Neil Fam, Warren J. Cantor, Vincent W. S. Chan, Lu Han, Benjamin Hibbert, Gideon Cohen, and Geraldine Ong
Subjects: Heart Failure, Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation, Ontario, Cardiac Catheterization, medicine.medical_specialty, Mitral regurgitation, genetic structures, business.industry, Mitral Valve Insufficiency, Hospitalization, Treatment Outcome, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, Humans, Mitral Valve, Transcatheter mitral valve repair, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) on hospitalization rates by assessing pre- and postprocedural hospitalization patterns.TMVr has emerged as the treatment of choice for selected patients with mitral regurgitation, but the impact of these procedures on hospital utilization remains unclear.All patients who underwent TMVr in Ontario, Canada, between 2011 and 2017 were included in this observational study using population-based data. Hospitalization person-year rates were assessed in the years before and after TMVr and 4 predefined intervals: 1 to 30, 31 to 90, 91 to 182, and 183 to 365 days. Main outcomes of interest were all-cause and heart failure (HF) hospitalizations. Poisson regression models were used to compare incidence rates across all time periods.The study cohort included 523 patients. In the year preceding TMVr, 66.2% of patients were hospitalized compared with 47.4% in the year following. There were stepwise increases in both all-cause and HF hospitalization rates in the periods preceding the index procedure, and all postprocedural periods had significantly lower hospitalization rates. The adjusted rate ratios for all-cause and HF-related hospitalization in the year after TMVr were 0.65 (95% CI: 0.56-0.76) and 0.38 (95% CI: 0.29-0.51), respectively. All time periods had significant reductions in all-cause and HF hospitalization in the adjusted analysis.In this population-based study, significant reductions were observed in both all-cause and HF-related hospitalizations in all time periods after TMVr compared with the year prior. This suggests that TMVr has a sustained effect on hospitalization rates despite a high-risk population.
Published: 2021
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7. Radial versus femoral approach for rotational atherectomy

Author: Mamas A. Mamas, M. Chadi Alraies, Amir Solomonica, Rodrigo Bagur, Tawfiq Choudhury, Yaniv Levi, Runlin Gao, Shahar Lavi, Zeev Israeli, Pallav Garg, and Jingang Cui
Subjects: Atherectomy, Coronary, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Treatment outcome, Coronary Artery Disease, General Medicine, Femoral artery, Rotational atherectomy, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, Femoral Artery, Atherectomy, Treatment Outcome, medicine.artery, Catheterization, Peripheral, Radial Artery, Humans, Medicine, Female, Radiology, Radial artery, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Aged
Published: 2020
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8. Infective Endocarditis Hospitalizations and Antibiotic Prophylaxis Rates Before and After the 2007 American Heart Association Guideline Revision

Author: Dennis T. Ko, Krista Bray Jenkyn, Salimah Z. Shariff, Pallav Garg, and Lihua Li
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Endocarditis, 030212 general & internal medicine, Antibiotic prophylaxis, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, American Heart Association, Endocarditis, Bacterial, Guideline, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, United States, Hospitalization, Cross-Sectional Studies, Infective endocarditis, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Background: In 2007, the American Heart Association recommended antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of infective endocarditis (IE) for only the highest-risk patients. Whether this change affected the use of antibiotic prophylaxis and the incidence of IE is unclear. Methods: IE-related hospitalizations were identified from 2002 to 2014 among all adults and those at high and moderate risk for IE, stratified by age. Prescriptions for antibiotic prophylaxis were obtained from the Ontario Drug Benefit database for adults ≥65 years of age. Outcomes were antibiotic prophylaxis prescription rates and incidence of IE-related hospitalization. Trends in patient and pathogen characteristics were analyzed. Time series analyses were performed with segmented regression and change-point analyses. Results: Prescriptions for antibiotic prophylaxis decreased substantially in the moderate-risk cohort after the guideline revision (mean quarterly prescriptions, 30 680 versus 17 954 [level change, −6,481; P =0.0004] per 1 million population) with a minimal, yet significant, decrease followed by a slow increase in the high-risk group. There were 7551 IE-related hospitalizations among 6884 adults ≥18 years of age. Among adults ≥65 years of age, the mean IE rate increased from 872 to 1385 and 229 to 283 per 1 million population at risk per quarter in the high- and moderate-risk groups, respectively. Change-point analyses indicated that this increase occurred in the second half of 2010 in adults ≥65 years of age, 3 years after the American Heart Association guideline revision. Staphylococcus aureus and streptococcal species accounted for 30.3% and 26.4% of all IE, with a decrease in streptococcal infections over time. Conclusions: Antibiotic prophylaxis decreased significantly in the moderate-risk group with minimal change in the high-risk group after the American Heart Association guideline revision in 2007. However, IE-related hospitalizations increased among both high- and moderate-risk patients 3 years after the revision. Our study provides support for the cessation of antibiotic prophylaxis in the moderate-risk population.
Published: 2019
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9. Cost-effectiveness analysis of short-duration dual antiplatelet therapy with newer drug-eluting stent platforms versus longer-duration dual antiplatelet therapy with a second-generation drug-eluting stent in elective percutaneous coronary intervention

Author: Pallav Garg, Linda R. Valsdottir, Benjamin Z. Galper, Matthew R. Reynolds, Robert W. Yeh, Eric A. Secemsky, and David Cohen
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, animal structures, Cost-Benefit Analysis, medicine.medical_treatment, Clinical Decision-Making, Hemorrhage, Coronary Artery Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Prosthesis Design, Risk Assessment, Drug Administration Schedule, Drug Costs, 03 medical and health sciences, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, 0302 clinical medicine, Pharmacotherapy, Quality of life, Risk Factors, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Hospital Costs, business.industry, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Drug-Eluting Stents, General Medicine, Cost-effectiveness analysis, Markov Chains, Surgery, Quality-adjusted life year, Models, Economic, Treatment Outcome, Drug-eluting stent, Meta-analysis, Quality of Life, Drug Therapy, Combination, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Risk assessment, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
Abstract: Background The cost-effectiveness of newer drug-eluting stents (DES) such as biodegradable-polymer or polymer-free stents with shorter dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) duration is unknown. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of treatment with newer DES that may allow for shorter DAPT duration. Patients and methods We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis of treatment with newer DES platforms followed by 1 or 3 months of DAPT compared with standard second-generation DES followed by 6 or 12 months of DAPT in patients with stable coronary disease. A Markov model simulated distinct health states over a lifetime. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis and one-way sensitivity analyses were performed. A high-risk bleeding scenario was also evaluated. Results Among patients with typical bleeding risk, second-generation DES and 6 months of DAPT was less expensive and resulted in marginally higher quality-adjusted life years compared with other strategies. A newer DES platform and 3 months of DAPT was preferred when the risk of fatal bleeding was two times greater than baseline, or when bleeding increased long-term mortality by a factor of 1.5. In a probabilistic sensitivity analysis, second-generation DES and 6 months of DAPT was preferred in 58% of iterations, whereas in a high-risk bleeding patient scenario, a newer DES and 3 months of DAPT was preferred in 52% of iterations. Conclusion A DES that allows 3 months of DAPT without increasing stent-related events is likely to be cost-effective among patients at elevated risk of bleeding, but not in patients with average bleeding risk.
Published: 2019
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10. Outcomes of Participants With Diabetes in the ISCHEMIA Trials

Author: Luis A. Guzman, Grzegorz Gajos, William E. Boden, Judith S. Hochman, Matyas Keltai, G.B. John Mancini, Sandeep Mahajan, Jeffrey S. Berger, Yves Rosenberg, Sripal Bangalore, David J. Maron, Harmony R. Reynolds, Jerome L. Fleg, Aldo P. Maggioni, Jonathan D. Newman, Andras Vertes, Hong Cheng, Carlo Briguori, Pallav Garg, Rolf Doerr, Gregg W. Stone, Balram Bhargava, Dennis Kunichoff, Jorge Escobedo, José Ramón González-Juanatey, Rebecca Anthopolos, Tomasz Mazurek, Bernard R. Chaitman, Jesús Peteiro, and Roxy Senior
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Insulin, medicine.medical_treatment, Ischemia, Coronary disease, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Article, Coronary artery disease, Treatment Outcome, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Cardiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Medicine, Humans, Female, Progression-free survival, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Medical therapy, Aged
Abstract: Background: Among patients with diabetes and chronic coronary disease, it is unclear if invasive management improves outcomes when added to medical therapy. Methods: The ISCHEMIA (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches) trials (ie, ISCHEMIA and ISCHEMIA–Chronic Kidney Disease) randomized chronic coronary disease patients to an invasive (medical therapy + angiography and revascularization if feasible) or a conservative approach (medical therapy alone with revascularization if medical therapy failed). Cohorts were combined after no trial-specific effects were observed. Diabetes was defined by history, hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5%, or use of glucose-lowering medication. The primary outcome was all-cause death or myocardial infarction (MI). Heterogeneity of effect of invasive management on death or MI was evaluated using a Bayesian approach to protect against random high or low estimates of treatment effect for patients with versus without diabetes and for diabetes subgroups of clinical (female sex and insulin use) and anatomic features (coronary artery disease severity or left ventricular function). Results: Of 5900 participants with complete baseline data, the median age was 64 years (interquartile range, 57–70), 24% were female, and the median estimated glomerular filtration was 80 mL·min −1 ·1.73 −2 (interquartile range, 64–95). Among the 2553 (43%) of participants with diabetes, the median percent hemoglobin A1c was 7% (interquartile range, 7–8), and 30% were insulin-treated. Participants with diabetes had a 49% increased hazard of death or MI (hazard ratio, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.31–1.70]; P Conclusions: Despite higher risk for death or MI, chronic coronary disease patients with diabetes did not derive incremental benefit from routine invasive management compared with initial medical therapy alone. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01471522.
Published: 2021

11. Health status after invasive or conservative care in coronary and advanced kidney disease

Author: Spertus J. A., Jones P. G., Maron D. J., Mark D. B., O'Brien S. M., Fleg J. L., Reynolds H. R., Stone G. W., Sidhu M. S., Chaitman B. R., Chertow G. M., Hochman J. S., Bangalore S, ISCHEMIA-CKD Research Group: Abdallah M Abdallah, Abel E Moreyra, Abhay A Laddu, Abhishek Dubey, Abhishek Goyal, Abigail Knighton, Adedayo Adeboye, Agne Juceviciene, Agne Urboniene, Agnieszka Szramowska, Ahmed Abdel-Latif, Ahmed Ayoub, Ahmed Elghamaz, Ahmed Kamal, Ahmed Talaat, Ajay Sharma, Ajit Singh Narula, Akshay Bagai, Akvile Smigelskaite, Alain Raymond, Alain Rheault, Alaine Melanie Loehr, Albert Varga, Aldo P Maggioni, Alec Moorman, Alejandro Chevaile Ramos, Alejandro Gisbert, Aleksandra Fratczak, Aleksandras Laucevicius, Alexander M Chernyavskiy, Alexander Sergeevich Borisov, Alexandra Craft, Alexandra Hunter, Alexandre Ciappina Hueb, Alexandre Schaan de Quadros, Alice Manica Muller, Aline Peixoto Deiro, Allegra Stone, Almudena Castro, Amar Uxa, Amaryllis Van Craenenbroeck, Ambuj Roy, Amit Kakkar, Amy Flowers, Amy Iskandrian, Ana D Djordjevic-Dikic, Ana Gomes Almeida, Ana Rita Francisco, Ana S Mladenovic, Ana Santana, Anandaroop Lahiri, Anastasia M Kuzmina-Krutetskaya, Anastasia Vamvakidou, Andras Vertes, Andre Gabriel, Andrea Bartykowszki, Andrea Lorimer, Andrea Pascual, Andreia Coelho, Andreia Rocha, Andrés García-Rincón, Andrew Starovoytov, Andrzej Łabyk, Anelise Kawakami, Angela Hoye, Angelo Nobre, Anjali Acharya, Anjali Anand, Anjana Rishmawi, Ann Banfield, Ann Luyten, Anna Cichocka-Radwan, Anna Fojt, Anna Plachcinska, Anna Teresinska, Anne Marie Webb, Anne Heath, Anoop Mathew, Antonia Vega, Antonio Carvalho, Antonio Colombo, Antonio Fiarresga, Anu Tharini, Anupama Rao, Aquiles Valdespino-Estrada, Ariel Diaz, Arif Asif, Arnold H Seto, Arturo S Campos-Santaolalla, Asim N Cheema, Asker Ahmed, Atul Mathur, Audrey W Leong, Axel Åkerblom, Axelle Fuentes, Aynun Naher, Badhma Valaiyapathi, Balaji Srinivasan, Baljeet Kaur, Balram Bhargava, Bandula Guruge, Barbara Wicklund, Bartosz Czarniak, Bebek Singh, Begoña Igual, Bela Merkely, Benoy N Shah, Bernard de Bruyne, Beth Abramson, Beth Stefanchik, Bethany Harvey, Bharati Shivalkar, Bilal Malik, Binoy Mannekkattukudy Kurian, Bougrida Hammouche, Branko D Beleslin, Bruce Ferguson, Bruce McManus, Bruna Maria Ascoli, Bryn Smith, Byron J Allen, C Michael Gibson, C Noel Bairey Merz, Calin Pop, Carl-Éric Gagné, Carly Ohmart, Carol M Kartje, Caroline Alsweiler, Caroline Rodgers, Caroline Spindler, Carolyn J Gruber, Catherine Albert, Catherine Bone, Catherine Lemay, Cezary Kepka, Chandini Suvarna, Chantale Mercure, Charlene Wiyarand, Chetan Patel, Chiara Attanasio, Chi-Ming Chow, Ching Min Er, Ching-Ching Ong, Cholenahally Nanjappa Manjunath, Chris Buller, Christel Vassaliere, Christiaan Vrints, Christian Witzke, Christie Ballantyne, Christina Björklund, Christine Roraff, Christophe Laure, Christophe Thuaire, Christopher Chan, Christopher Fordyce, Christopher Kinsey, Chunli Xia, Cidney Schultz, Claes Held, Claudia Cortés, Claudia Escobar, Cláudia Freixo, Clemens T Kadalie, Corine Thobois, Courtney Page, Cristina Bare, Dalisa Espinosa, Dan Gao, Dana Rizk, Daniela Puzhevsky, Data Analyst, David M Charytan, David O Williams, David Booth, David Charytan, David Cohen, David DeMets, David Foo, David Goldfarb, David Schlichting, David Sisson, David Taggart, David Waters, David Wheeler, David Williams, Davis Vo, Dawid Teodorczyk, Dawn D Shelstad, Dean Kereiakes, Deborah Yip, Deepa Ramaswamy, Deirdre Mattina, Deirdre Murphy, Dengke Jiang, Derek Cyr, Diana Cukali, Diane Camara, Dimitrios Stournaras, Dipti Patel, Dongze Li, Donna Exley, Doreen Reimann, Doron Schwartz, Duarte Cacela, Dwayne S G Conway, Eapen Punnoose, Edgar L Tay, Edgar Karanjah, Eduardo Gomes Lima, Eduardo Hernandez-Rangel, Edward D Nicol, Edyta Kaczmarska, Elena Refoyo Salicio, Eli Feen, Elihú Durán-Cortés, Elisabeth M Janzen, Elise van Dongen, Elissa Restelli Piloto, Elizabeta Srbinovska Kostovska, Elizabeth Capasso-Gulve, Elizaveta V Zbyshevskaya, Ellie Fridell, Ellis W Lader, Elvira Gosmanova, Emilie Tachot, Emma Howard, Emmanuel Sorbets, Encarnación Alonso-Álvarez, Eric Daugas, Erick Alexánderson Rosas, Estelle Montpetit, Eugene Passamani, Evgeny Shutov, Ewa Szczerba, Ewelina Wojtala, Expedito Eustáquio Ribeiro Silva, Fabio Fimiani, Fadi Hage, Fahim Haider Jafary, Fang Feng, Fatima Ranjbaran, Fausto J Pinto, Fernando Caeiro, Fernando Nolasco, Filipa Silva, Filippo Ottani, Firas Al Solaiman, Flávia Egydio, Florina Chereches, Francesca De Micco, Francesca Bianchini, Francesca Pietrucci, Francesco Orso, Francesco Pisano, Francisca Patuleia Figueiras, François Madore, Frank Harrell, Frank Rockhold, Frans Van de Werf, Franziska Guenther, Fred Mohr, G Karthikeyan, Gabriel Galeote, Gabriel Grossmann, Gabriel Steg, Gabriela Guzman, Gabriele Gabrielli, Gang Chen, Gautam Sharma, Gaylin Petty, Gelmina Mikolaitiene, Gennie Yee, Gerard Patrick Devlin, Gerard Esposito, Gergely Ágoston, Gervasio Lamas, Gia Cobb, Gian Piero Perna, Gianpiero Leone, Girish Mishra, Gonzalo Barge-Caballero, Grace M Young, Graciela Scaro, Graham Wong, Gregg Pressman, Gregor Simonis, Gudrun Steinmaurer, Guilherme Portugal, Guilhermina Cantinho Lopes, Guillermo Garcia-Garcia, Guoqin Wang, Gurpreet S Wander, Gurpreet Gulati, Haibo Zhang, Halina Marciniak, Hao Dai, Haojian Dong, Harold Franch, Harvey White, Hatem Elabd, Hayley Pomeroy, Heather Golden, Heidi Wilson, Helene Abergel, Hemalata Siddaram, Hemant Shakhar Mahapatra, Henry C Stokes, Hermine Osseni, Herwig Schuchlenz, Hicham Skali, Holly Mattix-Kramer, Hong Cheng, Hossam Mahrous, Hristo Pejkov, Hugo Marques, Hui Zhong, Hussien El Fishawy, Ian Webb, Iftikhar Kullo, Igor O Grazhdankin, Ikraam Hassan, Ileana L Pina, Ilona Tamasauskiene, Inês Zimbarra Cabrita, Ines Rodrigues, Inga Soveri, Irena Peovska Mitevska, Irene Marthe Lang, Irina Subbotina, Irma Kalibataite-Rutkauskiene, Isabelle Roy, Ishita Tejani, Ivan A Naryshkin, Ivana Jankovic, Iwona Niedzwiecka, Jacek Kusmierek, Jackie Chow, Jaekyeong Heo, Jakub Maksym, James E Davies, James J Jang, James Hirsch, James Tatoulis, Jan Henzel, Janaina Oliveira, Janani Rangaswami, Jane Eckstein, Janitha Raj, Jaqueline Pozzibon, Jaroslaw Drozdz, Jason Loh Kwok Kong, Jason T Call, Jason Linefsky, Javier J Garcia, Jay Meisner, Jayne Scales, Jean Michel Juliard, Jean Diodati, Jean-Michel Juliard, Jeanne Russo, Jeannette J M Schoep, Jeff Leimberger, Jeffrey C Milliken, Jeffrey Anderson, Jeffrey Kanters, Jeffrey Lorin, Jeffrey Moses, Jelena J Stepanovic, Jelena Celutkiene, Jelena Stojkovic, Jenne M Jose, Jennifer L Stanford, Jennifer Hogan, Jennifer Horst, Jennifer Isaacs, Jennifer Thomson, Jennifer Tomfohr, Jennifer White, Jerry Yee, Jessica Berg, Jesus Peteiro, Jesús Peteiro, Jia Li, Jiamin Liu, Jianxin Zhang, Jill Marcus, Jim Blankenship, Jing Dong, Jiyan Chen, Jo Evans, Joaquín V Peñafiel, Joe Sabik, Johann Christopher, John B Kostis, John Joseph Graham, John Doan, John Jose, John Kotter, John Lehman, John Middleton, John Pownall, Jonathan M Gleadle, Jonathan S Chavez-Iñiguez, Jonathan Byrne, Jonathan Himmelfarb, Jonathan Lebowitz, Jonean Thorsen, Jorge Carrillo Calvillo, Jorge Escobedo, José A Ortega-Ramírez, José J Cuenca-Castillo, Jose L Diez, José Luis Narro Villanueva, José Luiz da Costa Vieira, José M Flores-Palacios, Jose Fragata, Jose Lopes, Jose Lopez-Sendon, José Lopez-Sendon, Jose Rueda, Joseph B Selvanayagam, Joseph Sacco, Joshua P Loh, Joy Burkhardt, Juan Manuel López Quijano, Juan Gaztanaga, Judit Sebo, Judith Wright, Juergen Stumpf, Julia de Aveiro Morata, Julio César Figal, Julio Hernandez Jaras, Junqing Yang, Jyotsna Garg, K Manjula Rani, K Preethi, Kaatje Goetschalckx, Karen Calfas, Karen Petrosyan, Karen Servilla, Karen Swan, Karin Ploetze, Karolina Kryczka, Karolina Wojtczak-Soska, Karolina Wojtera, Karthik Ramasamy, Katarzyna Łuczak, Katarzyna Malinowska, Katharina Knaut, Katherine Martin, Kathleen Claes, Kathryn Mason, Ken Mahaffey, Kenneth Gin, Kerry Lee, Kerstin Bonin, Kerstin Mikes, Kevin R Bainey, Kevin T Harley, Kevin Marzo, Kevin McMahon, Khaled Abdul-Nour, Khaled Alfakih, Khaled Dajani, Khrystyna Kushniriuk, Kian-Keong Poh, Kim Holland, Kimberly E Halverson, Kinnari Murphy, Kiran Reddy, Kirsten J Quiles, Kirsty Abercrombie, Klaus Matschke, Konrad Szymczyk, Koo Hui Chan, Kreton Mavromatis, Krishnakumar Hongalgi, Kristian Thygesen, Kristin M Salmi, Kristin Newby, Kristine Arges, Kristine Teoh, Krzysztof Drzymalski, Lalathaksha Kumbar, Laszlone Matics, LaTonya J Hickson, Laura Keinaite, Laura Sarti, Laura True, Lawrence M Phillips, Lawrence Friedman, Leandro C Maranan, Leda Lotaif, Lekshmi Dharmarajan, Leo A Bockeria, Leonardo Pizzol Caetano, Leonardo Bridi, Leonid L Bershtein, Li Hai Yan, Li Li, Lidia Sousa, Lihong Xu, Lihua Zhang, Lili Zhang, Lilian Mazza Barbosa, Liljana Tozija, Linda Arcand, Lino Patricio, Liping Zhang, Lisa Hatch, Lixin Jiang, Liz Low, Loay Salman, Lorena Lopez, Lori Pritchard, Luis Bernanrdes, Luis Guzman, Lynette L Teo, M Sowjanya Reddy, Maarten Simoons, Maayan Konigstein, Mafalda Selas, Magdalena Madero, Magdalena Miller, Magdalena Misztal-Teodorczyk, Magdy Abdelhamid, Magid Fahim, Mahevamma Mylarappa, Majo X Joseph, Malgorzata Frach, Manjula Rani, Marcello Galvani, Marcin Demkow, Marcin Szkopiak, Marco De Fabritis, Marco Magnoni, Marco Marini, Marco Sicuro, Marek Roik, Maria A Alfonso, Maria Antonieta Pereira de Moraes, María Dolores Martínez-Ruíz, Maria Eugenia Canziani, Maria Eugenia Martin, Maria Inês Caetano, Maria P Corral, Maria Pérez García, Maria Andreasson, Maria Posada, Marianna D A Dracoulakis, Mariano Rubio, Marija T Petrovic, Marina Vieira, Mario J Garcia, Mario D'arezzo, Maris Orgera, Marius Miglinas, Mark Garand, Mark Peterson, Mark Xavier, Marlowe Mosley, Marta Capinha, Marta Swiderek, Martha Meyer, Martina Ceseri, Martinia Tricoli, Mary Wiilliams, Mary Ann Champagne, Mary Streif, Massoud Leesar, Matei Claudia, Mateusz Solecki, Matías Nicolás Mungo, Matthew Shinseki, Matthew Weir, Maura Carina Nédio, Max-Paul Winter, Mayil S Krishnam, Meenakshi Mishra, Mei Hwang, Melemadathil Srilatha, Melissa LeFevre, Mengistu Simegn, Michael A Gibson, Michael B Rubens, Michael D Shapiro, Michael Chobanian, Michael Davidson, Michael Farkouh, Michael Mack, Michal Wlodarczyk, Michel G Khouri, Michelle Crowder, Michelle Ratliff, Miguel Borges Santos, Miguel Nobre Menezes, Miguel Perez Fontan, Miguel Barrero, Mihaly Tapolyai, Mikhail T Torosoff, Milan R Dobric, Milind Avdhoot Gadkari, Min Tun Kyaw, Miri Revivo, Mitchel B Lustre, Mohamed Adel, Mohamed Hassan, Mohammad El-Hajjar, Mohammed Hussain, Mohammed Saleem, Moisés Blanco-Calvo, Moisés Jiménez-Santos, Monika Laukyte, Muhamed Saric, Myrthes Emy Takiuti, Nadia Asif, Nagaraja Moorthy, Naima L Ogletree, Nana O Katamadze, Nandita Nataraj, Naomi Uchida, Nasrul Ismail, Natalia S Oliveira, Natalia de Carvalho Maffei, Nathalie Brosens, Naved Aslam, Naveed Akhtar, Neamat Mowafy, Neeraj Pandit, Neeraj Parakh, Neesh Pannu, Neill Duncan, Nevena Garcevic, Ngaire Meadows, Nicholas Danchin, Nicole Deming, Nikola N Boskovic, Nikolaos Karogiannis, Ning Zhang, Nirmal Kumar, Niruta Sharma, Nitika Chadha, Nitish Naik, Noelle M Durfee, Nora M Cosgrove, Norbert Urbanski, Norma Hogg, Olga Walesiak, Olga Zdończyk, Olga Zhdanova, Olivia Anaya, Olugbenga Bello, Omar Almousalli, Omar Thompson, Orit Kliuk, Oscar Méndiz, Óscar Prada-Delgado, Oz Shapira, Pablo Raffaele, Page Salanger, Pal Maurovich-Horvat, Pallav Garg, Paloma Moraga, Pam Singh, Pamela Ouyang, Pamela Woodard, Paola Emanuela Poggio Smanio, Paola Smanio, Paolo Calabro, Patricia K Nguyen, Patricia Alarie, Patricia Carrilho, Patricia Endsley, Patricia Pellikka, Patrycja Lebioda, Paul Der Mesropian, Paul Hauptman, Paula García-González, Paula Wilson, Paulo Cury Rezende, Paulo Novis Rocha, Pedro Canas Silva, Pedro Farto E Abreu, Pedro Píccaro de Oliveira, Pedro Carvalho, Pedro Modas, Pedro Rio, Peiyu He, Peter A McCullough, Peter H Stone, Peter Douglass, Peter Sizeland, Peter Voros, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Philippe Genereux, Philippe Généreux, Philippe Menasche, Philippe Rheault, Piero Tassinario, Pierre Gervais, Pilar Calvillo, Ping Chai, Piotr Jakubowski, Piotr Pruszczyk, Poay-Huan Loh, Pouneh Samadi, Prakash Deedwania, Pranav M Patel, Praneeth Polamuri, Pratiksha Sharma, Preeti Kamath, Prince Thomas, Priyadarshani Arambam, Puneet Sodhi, Pushpa Naik, Qi Zhong, Qian Zhao, Qianqian Yuan, Qiulan Xie, Rachel Murphy, Radmila Lyubarova, Radmilar Lyubarova, Raewyn Fisher, Rafael Diaz, Rafael Maldonado, Rafael Selgas, Raffaele Bugiardini, Rafia Chaudhry, Raisa Kavalakkat, Rajalekshmi Vs, Rajesh Gopalan Nair, Rajiv Narang, Rakesh Yadav, Ramiro Carvalho, Ramon de Jesús-Pérez, Ran Leng, Ranjan Kachru, Raquel Sanchez, Raven R Dwyer, Raven Lee, Ray Wyman, Raymond C Wong, Reinette Hampson, Renato Abdala Karam Kalil, Renato D Lopes, Renato George Eick, Renato Lopes, Reshma Ravindran, Reto Andreas Gamma, Ricardo Costa, Richa Bhatt, Richard H J Trimlett, Risha Patel, Rita Coram, Robert K Riezebos, Robert M Donnino, Robert Guyton, Robert Harrington, Robert Malecki, Roberto René Favaloro, Robyn Elliott, Rodolfo G S D Lima, Rohit Tandon, Rolf Doerr, Roma Tewari, Ron Wald, Rongrong Hu, Rory Collins, Roxana Mehran, Roxy Senior, Rubén Baleón-Espinosa, Ruben Ramos, Rui Ferreira, Ruth Kirby, Ruth Pérez-Fernández, S Ramakrishnan, S K Dwivedi, Sadath Lubna, Sadiq Ahmed, Sajeev Chakanalil Govindan, Salamah Alfalahi, Salvador Cruz-Flores, Salvatore P Costa, Sampoornima Setty, Samuel Nwosu, Sandeep Mahajan, Sandeep Seth, Sandeep Singh, Sander R Niehe, Sandy Carr, Sanja Simic Ogrizovic, Sanja Ogrizovic, Sanjeev Gulati, Sanjeev Sharma, Sara Fernandez, Sarah Williams, Sarju Ralhan, Sasko Kedev, Satinder Singh, Satish Sankaranarayanan, Satvic Cholenahally Manjunath, Sau Lee, Schawana Thaxton, Sean M O'Brien, Sebastian Sobczak, Seema Nour, Sergey A Sayganov, Sérgio Bravo Baptista, Sergio Draibe, Seth Sokol, Sharad Chandra, Shari Mackedanz, Shaun Goodman, Shayan Shirazian, Sheetal Rupesh Karwa, Sheri Ussery, Sheromani Bajaj, Shirin Heydari, Shiv Kumar Choudhary, Shivali Patel, Shruti Pandey, Shuyang Zhang, 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Wong, Gregg Pressman, Gregor Simonis, Gudrun Steinmaurer, Guilherme Portugal, Guilhermina Cantinho Lopes, Guillermo Garcia-Garcia, Guoqin Wang, Gurpreet S Wander, Gurpreet Gulati, Haibo Zhang, Halina Marciniak, Hao Dai, Haojian Dong, Harold Franch, Harvey White, Hatem Elabd, Hayley Pomeroy, Heather Golden, Heidi Wilson, Helene Abergel, Hemalata Siddaram, Hemant Shakhar Mahapatra, Henry C Stokes, Hermine Osseni, Herwig Schuchlenz, Hicham Skali, Holly Mattix-Kramer, Hong Cheng, Hossam Mahrous, Hristo Pejkov, Hugo Marques, Hui Zhong, Hussien El Fishawy, Ian Webb, Iftikhar Kullo, Igor O Grazhdankin, Ikraam Hassan, Ileana L Pina, Ilona Tamasauskiene, Inês Zimbarra Cabrita, Ines Rodrigues, Inga Soveri, Irena Peovska Mitevska, Irene Marthe Lang, Irina Subbotina, Irma Kalibataite-Rutkauskiene, Isabelle Roy, Ishita Tejani, Ivan A Naryshkin, Ivana Jankovic, Iwona Niedzwiecka, Jacek Kusmierek, Jackie Chow, Jaekyeong Heo, Jakub Maksym, James E Davies, James J Jang, James Hirsch, James Tatoulis, Jan Henzel, Janaina Oliveira, Janani Rangaswami, Jane Eckstein, Janitha Raj, Jaqueline Pozzibon, Jaroslaw Drozdz, Jason Loh Kwok Kong, Jason T Call, Jason Linefsky, Javier J Garcia, Jay Meisner, Jayne Scales, Jean Michel Juliard, Jean Diodati, Jean-Michel Juliard, Jeanne Russo, Jeannette J M Schoep, Jeff Leimberger, Jeffrey C Milliken, Jeffrey Anderson, Jeffrey Kanters, Jeffrey Lorin, Jeffrey Moses, Jelena J Stepanovic, Jelena Celutkiene, Jelena Stojkovic, Jenne M Jose, Jennifer L Stanford, Jennifer Hogan, Jennifer Horst, Jennifer Isaacs, Jennifer Thomson, Jennifer Tomfohr, Jennifer White, Jerry Yee, Jessica Berg, Jesus Peteiro, Jesús Peteiro, Jia Li, Jiamin Liu, Jianxin Zhang, Jill Marcus, Jim Blankenship, Jing Dong, Jiyan Chen, Jo Evans, Joaquín V Peñafiel, Joe Sabik, Johann Christopher, John B Kostis, John Joseph Graham, John Doan, John Jose, John Kotter, John Lehman, John Middleton, John Pownall, Jonathan M Gleadle, Jonathan S Chavez-Iñiguez, Jonathan Byrne, Jonathan Himmelfarb, Jonathan Lebowitz, Jonean Thorsen, Jorge Carrillo Calvillo, Jorge Escobedo, José A Ortega-Ramírez, José J Cuenca-Castillo, Jose L Diez, José Luis Narro Villanueva, José Luiz da Costa Vieira, José M Flores-Palacios, Jose Fragata, Jose Lopes, Jose Lopez-Sendon, José Lopez-Sendon, Jose Rueda, Joseph B Selvanayagam, Joseph Sacco, Joshua P Loh, Joy Burkhardt, Juan Manuel López Quijano, Juan Gaztanaga, Judit Sebo, Judith Wright, Juergen Stumpf, Julia de Aveiro Morata, Julio César Figal, Julio Hernandez Jaras, Junqing Yang, Jyotsna Garg, K Manjula Rani, K Preethi, Kaatje Goetschalckx, Karen Calfas, Karen Petrosyan, Karen Servilla, Karen Swan, Karin Ploetze, Karolina Kryczka, Karolina Wojtczak-Soska, Karolina Wojtera, Karthik Ramasamy, Katarzyna Łuczak, Katarzyna Malinowska, Katharina Knaut, Katherine Martin, Kathleen Claes, Kathryn Mason, Ken Mahaffey, Kenneth Gin, Kerry Lee, Kerstin Bonin, Kerstin Mikes, Kevin R Bainey, Kevin T Harley, Kevin Marzo, Kevin McMahon, Khaled Abdul-Nour, Khaled Alfakih, Khaled Dajani, Khrystyna Kushniriuk, Kian-Keong Poh, Kim Holland, Kimberly E Halverson, Kinnari Murphy, Kiran Reddy, Kirsten J Quiles, Kirsty Abercrombie, Klaus Matschke, Konrad Szymczyk, Koo Hui Chan, Kreton Mavromatis, Krishnakumar Hongalgi, Kristian Thygesen, Kristin M Salmi, Kristin Newby, Kristine Arges, Kristine Teoh, Krzysztof Drzymalski, Lalathaksha Kumbar, Laszlone Matics, LaTonya J Hickson, Laura Keinaite, Laura Sarti, Laura True, Lawrence M Phillips, Lawrence Friedman, Leandro C Maranan, Leda Lotaif, Lekshmi Dharmarajan, Leo A Bockeria, Leonardo Pizzol Caetano, Leonardo Bridi, Leonid L Bershtein, Li Hai Yan, Li Li, Lidia Sousa, Lihong Xu, Lihua Zhang, Lili Zhang, Lilian Mazza Barbosa, Liljana Tozija, Linda Arcand, Lino Patricio, Liping Zhang, Lisa Hatch, Lixin Jiang, Liz Low, Loay Salman, Lorena Lopez, Lori Pritchard, Luis Bernanrdes, Luis Guzman, Lynette L Teo, M Sowjanya Reddy, Maarten Simoons, Maayan Konigstein, Mafalda Selas, Magdalena Madero, Magdalena Miller, Magdalena Misztal-Teodorczyk, Magdy Abdelhamid, Magid Fahim, Mahevamma Mylarappa, Majo X Joseph, Malgorzata Frach, Manjula Rani, Marcello Galvani, Marcin Demkow, Marcin Szkopiak, Marco De Fabritis, Marco Magnoni, Marco Marini, Marco Sicuro, Marek Roik, Maria A Alfonso, Maria Antonieta Pereira de Moraes, María Dolores Martínez-Ruíz, Maria Eugenia Canziani, Maria Eugenia Martin, Maria Inês Caetano, Maria P Corral, Maria Pérez García, Maria Andreasson, Maria Posada, Marianna D A Dracoulakis, Mariano Rubio, Marija T Petrovic, Marina Vieira, Mario J Garcia, Mario D'arezzo, Maris Orgera, Marius Miglinas, Mark Garand, Mark Peterson, Mark Xavier, Marlowe Mosley, Marta Capinha, Marta Swiderek, Martha Meyer, Martina Ceseri, Martinia Tricoli, Mary Wiilliams, Mary Ann Champagne, Mary Streif, Massoud Leesar, Matei Claudia, Mateusz Solecki, Matías Nicolás Mungo, Matthew Shinseki, Matthew Weir, Maura Carina Nédio, Max-Paul Winter, Mayil S Krishnam, Meenakshi Mishra, Mei Hwang, Melemadathil Srilatha, Melissa LeFevre, Mengistu Simegn, Michael A Gibson, Michael B Rubens, Michael D Shapiro, Michael Chobanian, Michael Davidson, Michael Farkouh, Michael Mack, Michal Wlodarczyk, Michel G Khouri, Michelle Crowder, Michelle Ratliff, Miguel Borges Santos, Miguel Nobre Menezes, Miguel Perez Fontan, Miguel Barrero, Mihaly Tapolyai, Mikhail T Torosoff, Milan R Dobric, Milind Avdhoot Gadkari, Min Tun Kyaw, Miri Revivo, Mitchel B Lustre, Mohamed Adel, Mohamed Hassan, Mohammad El-Hajjar, Mohammed Hussain, Mohammed Saleem, Moisés Blanco-Calvo, Moisés Jiménez-Santos, Monika Laukyte, Muhamed Saric, Myrthes Emy Takiuti, Nadia Asif, Nagaraja Moorthy, Naima L Ogletree, Nana O Katamadze, Nandita Nataraj, Naomi Uchida, Nasrul Ismail, Natalia S Oliveira, Natalia de Carvalho Maffei, Nathalie Brosens, Naved Aslam, Naveed Akhtar, Neamat Mowafy, Neeraj Pandit, Neeraj Parakh, Neesh Pannu, Neill Duncan, Nevena Garcevic, Ngaire Meadows, Nicholas Danchin, Nicole Deming, Nikola N Boskovic, Nikolaos Karogiannis, Ning Zhang, Nirmal Kumar, Niruta Sharma, Nitika Chadha, Nitish Naik, Noelle M Durfee, Nora M Cosgrove, Norbert Urbanski, Norma Hogg, Olga Walesiak, Olga Zdończyk, Olga Zhdanova, Olivia Anaya, Olugbenga Bello, Omar Almousalli, Omar Thompson, Orit Kliuk, Oscar Méndiz, Óscar Prada-Delgado, Oz Shapira, Pablo Raffaele, Page Salanger, Pal Maurovich-Horvat, Pallav Garg, Paloma Moraga, Pam Singh, Pamela Ouyang, Pamela Woodard, Paola Emanuela Poggio Smanio, Paola Smanio, Paolo Calabro, Patricia K Nguyen, Patricia Alarie, Patricia Carrilho, Patricia Endsley, Patricia Pellikka, Patrycja Lebioda, Paul Der Mesropian, Paul Hauptman, Paula García-González, Paula Wilson, Paulo Cury Rezende, Paulo Novis Rocha, Pedro Canas Silva, Pedro Farto E Abreu, Pedro Píccaro de Oliveira, Pedro Carvalho, Pedro Modas, Pedro Rio, Peiyu He, Peter A McCullough, Peter H Stone, Peter Douglass, Peter Sizeland, Peter Voros, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Philippe Genereux, Philippe Généreux, Philippe Menasche, Philippe Rheault, Piero Tassinario, Pierre Gervais, Pilar Calvillo, Ping Chai, Piotr Jakubowski, Piotr Pruszczyk, Poay-Huan Loh, Pouneh Samadi, Prakash Deedwania, Pranav M Patel, Praneeth Polamuri, Pratiksha Sharma, Preeti Kamath, Prince Thomas, Priyadarshani Arambam, Puneet Sodhi, Pushpa Naik, Qi Zhong, Qian Zhao, Qianqian Yuan, Qiulan Xie, Rachel Murphy, Radmila Lyubarova, Radmilar Lyubarova, Raewyn Fisher, Rafael Diaz, Rafael Maldonado, Rafael Selgas, Raffaele Bugiardini, Rafia Chaudhry, Raisa Kavalakkat, Rajalekshmi Vs, Rajesh Gopalan Nair, Rajiv Narang, Rakesh Yadav, Ramiro Carvalho, Ramon de Jesús-Pérez, Ran Leng, Ranjan Kachru, Raquel Sanchez, Raven R Dwyer, Raven Lee, Ray Wyman, Raymond C Wong, Reinette Hampson, Renato Abdala Karam Kalil, Renato D Lopes, Renato George Eick, Renato Lopes, Reshma Ravindran, Reto Andreas Gamma, Ricardo Costa, Richa Bhatt, Richard H J Trimlett, Risha Patel, Rita Coram, Robert K Riezebos, Robert M Donnino, Robert Guyton, Robert Harrington, Robert Malecki, Roberto René Favaloro, Robyn Elliott, Rodolfo G S D Lima, Rohit Tandon, Rolf Doerr, Roma Tewari, Ron Wald, Rongrong Hu, Rory Collins, Roxana Mehran, Roxy Senior, Rubén Baleón-Espinosa, Ruben Ramos, Rui Ferreira, Ruth Kirby, Ruth Pérez-Fernández, S Ramakrishnan, S K Dwivedi, Sadath Lubna, Sadiq Ahmed, Sajeev Chakanalil Govindan, Salamah Alfalahi, Salvador Cruz-Flores, Salvatore P Costa, Sampoornima Setty, Samuel Nwosu, Sandeep Mahajan, Sandeep Seth, Sandeep Singh, Sander R Niehe, Sandy Carr, Sanja Simic Ogrizovic, Sanja Ogrizovic, Sanjeev Gulati, Sanjeev Sharma, Sara Fernandez, Sarah Williams, Sarju Ralhan, Sasko Kedev, Satinder Singh, Satish Sankaranarayanan, Satvic Cholenahally Manjunath, Sau Lee, Schawana Thaxton, Sean M O'Brien, Sebastian Sobczak, Seema Nour, Sergey A Sayganov, Sérgio Bravo Baptista, Sergio Draibe, Seth Sokol, Sharad Chandra, Shari Mackedanz, Shaun Goodman, Shayan Shirazian, Sheetal Rupesh Karwa, Sheri Ussery, Sheromani Bajaj, Shirin Heydari, Shiv Kumar Choudhary, Shivali Patel, Shruti Pandey, Shuyang Zhang, Siddharth Gadage, Sik-Yin V Tan, Sílvia Zottis Poletti, Silvia Valbuena, Simone Savaris, Solomon Yakubov, Songlin Zhu, Sonika Gupta, Sorin Brener, Sothinathan Gurunathan, Soundarya Nayak, Sowjanya Reddy, Stanley E Cobos, Stefan Weikl, Stephanie M Lane, Stephanie Ferket, Stephanie Mavromichalis, Stephen Fremes, Steven A Fein, Steven P Sedlis, Steven Giovannone, Steven Weitz, Subhash Banerjee, Sudhanva S Hegde, Suellen Hosino, Sulagna Mookherjee, Suman Singh, Sumith Abeygunasekara, Sundeep Mishra, Sunil Kumar Verma, Suresh Kumar, Suryaprakash Narayanappa, Susan K Milbrandt, Susana Silva, Susanna Stevens, Suvarna Kolhe, Suzana Tavares, Suzanne Welsh, T A Kishore, Tamara Colaiácovo Soares, Tapan Umesh Pillay, Tarek Rashid, Tarun K Mittal, Tauane Bello Duarte, Téodora Dutoiu, Teresa Delgadillo, Terrance Chua, Terrance Welch, Theodoros Kofidis, Thierry Lefevre, Tiago Silva, Timea Boros, Titus Lau, Tiziana Formisano, Tomasz Ciurus, Tomasz Tarchalski, Tracy Tan, Umesh Lingaraj, V K Bahl, V S Narain, Valentina Pellu, Valentine Lobo, Valerie Robesyn, Vandana Yadav, Veerabhadra Gupta, Verghese Mathew, Vicente Miro, Victoria Gumerova, Victoria Hernandez, Vijay Kher, Vijay Kumar, Vikas Makkar, Vikranth Reddy, Viktoria Bulkley, Vinoi George David, Virendra Misra, Virginia Fernández-Figares, Vladimir Ryasniansky, Vojislav L Giga, Wael A Almahmeed, Wan Xian Chan, Wanda C Marfori, Wanda Parker, Wayne Pennachi, Wei Ling Lau, Weibing Xing, Weijing Bian, Wendy L Stewart, Wendy Drewes, Whady Hueb, William Weintraub, Winnie C Sia, Xacobe Flores-Ríos, Xiang Ma, Xiangqiong Gu, Xiaomei Li, Xiaoyi Xu, Xin Fu, Xuemei Li, Xutong Wang, Yanek Pépin-Dubois, Yaron Arbel, Yechen Han, Yiming Lit, Ying Tung Sia, Ying Wang, Yining Yang, Yitong Ma, Yolayfi Peralta, Yves Smets, Yvonne Taul, Zalina Kudzoeva, Zeljko Z Markovic, Zhangsuo Liu, Zhenyu Liu, Zhiming Ye, Zixiang Yu, Zoltan Davidovits, Zvezdana Petronijevic
Subjects: Male, Intention to Treat Analysi, medicine.medical_treatment, Health Status, Myocardial Ischemia, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary Angiography, law.invention, Health Statu, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Surveys and Questionnaires, Odds Ratio, Surveys and Questionnaire, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, Coronary Artery Bypass, medicine.diagnostic_test, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Intention to Treat Analysis, Cardiology, Female, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Revascularization, Follow-Up Studie, 03 medical and health sciences, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Healthy Lifestyle, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Proportional Hazards Models, Aged, Intention-to-treat analysis, business.industry, Coronary Artery Bypa, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Angiography, Exercise Test, Proportional Hazards Model, business, Kidney disease, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: BACKGROUND In the ISCHEMIA-CKD trial, the primary analysis showed no significant difference in the risk of death or myocardial infarction with initial angiography and revascularization plus guideline-based medical therapy (invasive strategy) as compared with guideline-based medical therapy alone (conservative strategy) in participants with stable ischemic heart disease, moderate or severe ischemia, and advanced chronic kidney disease (an estimated glomerular filtration rate of
Published: 2020

12. Short Durations of Radial Hemostatic Device After Diagnostic Transradial Cardiac Catheterization: The PRACTICAL-2 Randomized Trial

Author: Amir Solomonica, Rehana Bajwa, Shamir R. Mehta, Klajdi Puka, Shahrukh N. Bakar, Pallav Garg, Pantelis Diamantouros, Cassandra Wagner, Rodrigo Bagur, Shahar Lavi, Hussein Taleb, Kokab Awan, and Ayaaz K Sachedina
Subjects: Male, Cardiac Catheterization, medicine.medical_treatment, Arterial Occlusive Diseases, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Postoperative Hemorrhage, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Hematoma, Randomized controlled trial, Forearm, law, medicine.artery, Occlusion, Catheterization, Peripheral, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Radial artery, Cardiac catheterization, Aged, Duration of Therapy, business.industry, Heparin, medicine.disease, Hemostasis, Surgical, medicine.anatomical_structure, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Anesthesia, Radial Artery, Female, Risk Adjustment, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Complication, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background Radial artery occlusion (RAO) is the most common complication following transradial approach (TRA) for cardiac catheterization. Our aim was to assess if decreasing radial hemostatic device (RHD) time reduces the risk of RAO among individuals receiving small sheath sizes with no adjunctive heparin. Methods We randomized 450 individuals undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization via the TRA to 3 durations of RHD time: 10, 20 or 30 minutes. After this time period, the RHD was gradually released over 20 minutes. The primary efficacy endpoint was forearm hematoma grade ≥2 (5-10 cm) and the primary safety endpoint was RAO (as determined by Doppler ultrasound) one-hour post RHD removal (pre-discharge). Results The mean age was 66 years and 64% were male. 5 French sheaths were used in all patients. Hematoma grade ≥2 occurred only in 1 patient in the 20 minutes groups (P=0.39). RAO occurred in 6.7% of patients in the 10 minute group, 10.7% in the 20 minute group and 6% in the 30 minute group (P=0.26). Conclusion Among patients receiving small caliber sheaths without adjunctive heparin, the incidence of forearm hematoma and RAO are low. Shorter durations of RHD time did not further reduce the risk of these complications. Brief summary We assessed if reducing radial hemostatic device (RHD) time decreases the risk of radial artery occlusion (RAO) in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization via the trasradial approach while small size sheaths and no heparin are used. We randomized 450 individuals into 3 durations of RHD time: 10, 20 or 30 minutes. The incidence of forearm hematoma and RAO were low and not different between groups.
Published: 2020

13. Morbidity in Pregnant Women with a Prosthetic Heart Valve

Author: Melody Lam, Candice K. Silversides, Pallav Garg, Britney Le, Joel G. Ray, and Samuel C. Siu
Subjects: Aortic valve, medicine.medical_specialty, Heart disease, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Cohort Studies, Valve replacement, Pregnancy, medicine, Humans, education, Retrospective Studies, Ontario, education.field_of_study, Obstetrics, business.industry, Mitral valve replacement, Infant, Newborn, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, medicine.anatomical_structure, Relative risk, Aortic Valve, Cohort, Female, Pregnant Women, Morbidity, business, Live Birth
Abstract: Background Women with a prosthetic heart valve are perceived to be at higher risk for adverse outcomes, but their absolute and relative risk of experiencing maternal morbidity and cardiac complications is largely unknown. Objective The objective of the study was to determine the risk of maternal morbidity and cardiac complications in women with a prior heart valve replacement, compared with matched counterparts without known cardiac disease. Study Design A retrospective population-based matched cohort study was completed in the province of Ontario, Canada, where there is universal health care. Included were all women of child-bearing age who had bioprosthetic or mechanical replacement of the mitral or aortic valve, April 1994 to March 2016 (valve replacement group). Those in the valve replacement group, and who had at least 1 birth, were 1:4 matched to a community comparison group without heart disease and who also had at least 1 birth. Matching was by maternal age at cohort entry, year of cohort entry, geographic area, income level, and age at first birth. Maternal outcomes included severe maternal morbidity, all-cause mortality, and cardiac morbidity as well as a prolonged hospital length of stay >7 days. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were further adjusted for age at birth and immigration status. Results There were 90 live births among the 64 women in the valve replacement group and 404 live births among the 253 women in the matched community comparison group. There were no stillbirths. Severe maternal morbidity occurred in 13 pregnancies (14.4%) in the valve replacement group and 6 (1.5%) in the community comparison group (adjusted relative risk, 9.73, 95% confidence interval, 3.70–25.59); there were no maternal deaths. The corresponding rates of prolonged hospital length of stay were 37.8% and 18.8% (adjusted relative risk, 2.33, 95% confidence interval, 1.48–3.67). Conclusion Pregnant women who had aortic or mitral valve replacement were more likely to experience severe maternal morbidity, as well as prolonged hospital length of stay, than matched counterparts without heart disease. This information can enhance shared decision making about the timing of valve replacement and pregnancy planning in young and middle-aged women. To determine the absolute and relative risk of maternal morbidity and cardiac complications in women with prior heart valve replacement, a retrospective population-based matched cohort study was completed in the province of Ontario, Canada, where there is universal health care. Included were all women of child-bearing age who had bioprosthetic or mechanical replacement of the mitral or aortic valve, April 1994 to March 2016 (valve replacement group). Those in the valve replacement group, and who had at least one birth, were 1:4 matched to a community comparison group without heart disease and who also had at least 1 birth. There were 90 live births among the 64 women in the valve replacement group and 404 live births among the 253 women in the matched community comparison group. Severe maternal morbidity occurred in 13 pregnancies (14.4%) in the valve replacement group and 6 (1.5%) in the community comparison group (adjusted relative risk, 9.73); there were no maternal deaths. The corresponding rates of prolonged hospital length of stay were 37.8% and 18.8% (adjusted relative risk, 2.33). In summary, pregnant women who had an aortic or mitral valve replacement were more likely to experience severe maternal morbidity, as well as prolonged hospital length of stay, than matched counterparts without heart disease.
Published: 2020

14. Attained pregnancy among women with a prosthetic heart valve

Author: Salimah Z. Shariff, Pallav Garg, Lucie Richard, Melody Lam, Britney Allen, Joel G. Ray, Samuel C. Siu, and Candice K. Silversides
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Databases, Factual, Pregnancy Rate, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Miscarriage, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Aortic valve replacement, Valve replacement, Pregnancy, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Retrospective Studies, Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation, education.field_of_study, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, business.industry, Obstetrics, Mitral valve replacement, Pregnancy Outcome, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Reproductive Medicine, Heart Valve Prosthesis, Cohort, Female, business, Live Birth, Cohort study
Abstract: Background Women with prosthetic heart valves are at higher risk for adverse outcomes during pregnancy. The rates of achieved pregnancy, regardless of the pregnancy outcome, are largely unknown in this group of women. Objective To determine the rate of pregnancy in women with prior heart valve replacement, and compare that to women without known heart disease. Study Design A retrospective matched population-based cohort study was done between April 1994 and March 2017, in Ontario, Canada, where universal health care is available. Administrative healthcare databases were used to identify study participants, exposures and outcomes. Each woman of child-bearing age who had a bioprosthetic or mechanical mitral or aortic valve replacement (valve replacement group) was matched to four women without heart disease (community comparison group) -- by age, year of cohort entry, any recent prior pregnancy, geographic area of residence and income level. Starting after the date of cohort entry (defined as the date valve replacement date in the valve replacement group), participants were assessed for a recognized pregnancy, namely, a livebirth, stillbirth, miscarriage or induced abortion. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were further adjusted for age, immigrant status and comorbid medical conditions. Results 1596 women with a valve replacement were matched with 6378 women in the community comparison group. After a median (interquartile range, IQR) duration of follow-up of 3.1 (1.0–5.6) and 2.7 (1.0–6.0) years, respectively, 98 women in the valve replacement group achieved a recognized pregnancy (0.63 per 100 person-years), compared to 607 women in the community comparison group (0.88 per 100 person-years) – an adjusted HR of 0.72 (95% CI 0.57-0.89). Within the valve replacement group, those with a mechanical valve were less likely to achieve a recognized pregnancy than those with a bioprosthetic valve (adjusted HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.38-0.87). Conclusion Women who undergo aortic or mitral valve replacement are less likely to achieve a pregnancy than matched counterparts without heart disease. This information, and the reasons for why this is so, can inform decisions about the timing of valve replacement and pregnancy planning.
Published: 2019

15. MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS (DM) AND STABLE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE (SIHD): POOLED DATA FROM THE ISCHEMIA AND ISCHEMIA-CKD TRIALS

Author: Bernard R. Chaitman, Tali Sharir, Yves Rosenberg, Sripal Bangalore, Pallav Garg, Balram Bhargava, Roxy Senior, Abraham Oomman, Gregg W. Stone, Aldo P. Maggioni, Grzegorz Gajos, Jonathan D. Newman, Jeffrey S. Berger, Jorge Escobedo, Judith S. Hochman, Harmony R. Reynolds, Rebecca Anthopolos, Matyas Keltai, Rolf Doerr, David J. Maron, Tomasz Mazurek, William E. Boden, Jesús Peteiro, G.B. John Mancini, and José Ramón González-Juanatey
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Ischemia, Cardiology, Medicine, Pooled data, Disease, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Ischemic heart, business, medicine.disease
Published: 2021
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16. DUAL ANTITHROMBOTIC THERAPY IS SAFE AND EFFECTIVE IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION UNDERGOING PCI: UPDATED SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Author: M. Shere, Pallav Garg, Dennis T. Ko, Janet Martin, and Shahrukh N. Bakar
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Atrial fibrillation, DUAL (cognitive architecture), medicine.disease, Internal medicine, Meta-analysis, Antithrombotic, Conventional PCI, medicine, Cardiology, In patient, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Published: 2019
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17. European registry of carotid artery stenting: Results from a prospective registry of eight high volume EUROPEAN institutions

Author: Pallav Garg, Gianmarco de Donato, Giambattista Parlani, Alberto Cremonesi, Paolo Rubino, Dimitry Nikas, Carlo Setacci, Horst Sievert, Eugenio Stabile, Martin Werner, Marc Bosiers, Fausto Castriota, Marius Hornung, Piergiorgio Cao, Laura Mauri, Andrej Schmidt, Patrick Peeters, Bernhard Reimers, Stabile, Eugenio, Pallav, Garg, Alberto, Cremonesi, Marc, Bosier, Bernhard, Reimer, Carlo, Setacci, Piergiorgio, Cao, Andrej, Schmidt, Horst, Sievert, Patrick, Peeter, Dimitry, Nika, Martin, Werner, Gianmarco de, Donato, Giambattista, Parlani, Fausto, Castriota, Marius, Hornung, Laura, Mauri, and Paolo, Rubino
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, Carotid endarterectomy, Revascularization, Risk Assessment, Severity of Illness Index, Risk Factors, Carotid artery disease, medicine, Humans, Carotid Stenosis, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Hospital Mortality, Prospective Studies, Registries, Adverse effect, Stroke, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Incidence, Mortality rate, Angioplasty, Percutaneous coronary intervention, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Surgery, Europe, Clinical trial, Treatment Outcome, Female, Stents, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Hospitals, High-Volume
Abstract: Background Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is the standard revascularization therapy to prevent stroke in patients with carotid artery disease. Carotid artery stenting (CAS) could be considered a potential alternative in patients at high surgical risk. Recent clinical trials have challenged this concept due a relatively high incidence of post-CAS adverse events, which occurred in low volume centers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes associated with neuroprotected CAS in selected high volume centers. Methods From January 2007 to December 2007, 1,611 patients underwent neuroprotected CAS in eight European Centers. For each patients, clinical, procedural, and one month follow-up data from all patients have been collected. An independent clinical events committee adjudicated the events. Results Overall in hospital death was 0.06% (one patient), whereas in-hospital stroke was 0.49% (eight patients). Between hospital discharge and 30 days three additional patients died (0.18%) and 10 patients experienced a stroke (0.67%). Overall 30 days mortality was 0.24% (four patients) and stroke incidence 1.12% (18 patients). The 30 day stroke/death rate was 1.36%. Conclusions CAS is a reasonable alternative to CEA to treat carotid artery atherosclerosis in well-experienced high volume centers. These data suggest that future prospective trials comparing CAS and CEA outcomes should include only centers highly experienced in both treatment modalities. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Published: 2012
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18. SHORT DURATIONS OF COMPRESSION HEMOSTATIC DEVICE APPLICATION POST TRANS-RADIAL CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION: THE PRACTICAL-2 TRIAL

Author: Shamir R. Mehta, Rehana Bajwa, Hussein Taleb, Cassandra Wagner, Pantelis Diamantouros, Ayaaz Sachedina, Pallav Garg, Amir Solomonica, Rodrigo Bagur, Kokab Awan, Shahrukh N. Bakar, and Shahar Lavi
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Compression (physics), Internal medicine, medicine.artery, embryonic structures, Occlusion, medicine, Cardiology, bacteria, In patient, Radial artery, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Complication, business, reproductive and urinary physiology, Cardiac catheterization
Abstract: Radial artery occlusion is the most common complication following trans-radial approach (TRA) for cardiac catheterization. Our aim was to compare short durations of compression hemostatic device (CHD) application post TRA in patients not receiving anticoagulation. Patients (n=450) undergoing
Published: 2020
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19. Remote Ischemic Postconditioning During Percutaneous Coronary Interventions

Author: Pallav Garg, Sabrina D'Alfonso, George Jablonsky, Anthony C. Camuglia, Ronit Lavi, Kumar Sridhar, Patrick Teefy, Pantelis Diamantouros, and Shahar Lavi
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Troponin T, Unstable angina, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Ischemia, Percutaneous coronary intervention, medicine.disease, Internal medicine, Angioplasty, Conventional PCI, medicine, Cardiology, Ischemic preconditioning, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Reperfusion injury
Abstract: Background— Remote ischemic preconditioning may result in reduction in infarct size during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). It is unclear whether remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPost) will reduce the incidence of myocardial injury after PCI, and whether ischemic conditioning of a larger remote organ (thigh versus arm) would provide further myocardial protection. Methods and Results— We randomized 360 patients presenting with stable or unstable angina (28% of patients) and negative Troponin T at baseline to 3 groups: 2 groups received RIPost (induced by ischemia to upper or lower limb), and a third was the control group. RIPost was applied during PCI immediately after stent deployment, by three 5-minute cycles of blood pressure cuff inflation to >200 mm Hg in the arm or thigh (20 mm Hg in the control) with 5-minute breaks between each cycle. The primary end-point was the proportion of patients with Troponin T levels >3×ULN postprocedure (at 6 or 18–24 hours), where ULN stands for upper limit of normal. A total of 120 patients were randomized to each group. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the 3 groups. The primary outcome occurred in 30%, 35%, and 35% of the arm, thigh, and control groups, respectively ( P =0.64). There were no differences in creatine kinase or high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels after PCI or in the incidence of acute kidney injury between the groups. Conclusions— RIPost during PCI did not reduce the incidence of periprocedural myocardial injury. Similar effect was obtained when remote ischemia was induced to the upper or lower limb. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00970827.
Published: 2014
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20. SAME DAY DISCHARGE AFTER ELECTIVE PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN ONTARIO: HOSPITAL VARIATION IN UTILIZATION AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES

Author: Pallav Garg, Derek So, Madhu K. Natarajan, Akshay Bagai, W.J. Cantor, Maria Koh, Mina Madan, Jiming Fang, Dennis T. Ko, and Christopher B. Overgaard
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Variation (linguistics), business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Emergency medicine, Medicine, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Same day discharge
Published: 2018
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21. TCT-403 Dual Antithrombotic Therapy Is Safe and Effective in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author: Mahvash Shere, Pallav Garg, Shahrukh N. Bakar, Dennis T. Ko, and Janet Martin
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Acute coronary syndrome, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Atrial fibrillation, medicine.disease, Regimen, Meta-analysis, Internal medicine, Antithrombotic, medicine, Cardiology, In patient, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Optimal antithrombotic therapy regimen in patients with atrial fibrillation, presenting with acute coronary syndrome and/or undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention is unclear. The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of dual versus triple
Published: 2019
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22. Bilateral eyebrow incision, mini-supraorbital craniotomy with extended frontobasal approach for extensive anterior and middle cranial fossa skull base tumors

Author: Awadhesh Kumar Jaiswal, Sanjay Behari, Pallav Garg, and Sushila Jaiswal
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Eyebrow, Supraorbital craniotomy, Cribriform plate, Anatomy, Middle cranial fossa, medicine.disease, Skull, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), Chordoma, Neurosurgery, business, Superior sagittal sinus
Published: 2010
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23. Impact of Moderate Renal Insufficiency on Restenosis and Adverse Clinical Events After Sirolimus-Eluting and Bare Metal Stent Implantation (from the SIRIUS Trials)

Author: Pallav Garg, Jeffrey J. Popma, Lena Novack, Erick Schampaert, Guenter Breithardt, David M. Charytan, Jeffrey W. Moses, Martin B. Leon, Laura Mauri, Donald E. Cutlip, and Joachim Schofer
Subjects: Male, Bare-metal stent, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Renal function, Severity of Illness Index, law.invention, Coronary Restenosis, Postoperative Complications, Double-Blind Method, Randomized controlled trial, Restenosis, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Renal Insufficiency, Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary, Aged, Antibacterial agent, Sirolimus, business.industry, Drug-Eluting Stents, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Drug-eluting stent, Cardiology, Female, Stents, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, medicine.drug, Kidney disease
Abstract: Whether drug-eluting stents are effective and safe in patients with moderate renal insufficiency (RI) is unknown. We performed a pooled analysis of data from 3 blinded randomized trials of sirolimus-eluting stents (SESs) versus bare metal stents (BMSs; SIRIUS, C-SIRIUS, E-SIRIUS) that included 1,510 patients. Clinical and angiographic outcomes were stratified by the presence of RI defined by creatinine clearance calculated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula (normal ≥ 90, mild 60 to 89, moderate60 ml/min). Patients with baseline creatinine3.0 mg/dl were excluded from these trials. Baseline mild RI was present in 517 patients (34.7%, mean creatinine clearance 75.7 ml/min) and moderate RI in 228 patients (15.3%, mean creatinine clearance 47.2 ml/min). Treatment with SESs resulted in lower rates of 8-month angiographic restenosis rates in patients with RI (mild RI 6.7% vs 42.6%, p0.001; moderate RI 9.7% vs 39.7%, p0.001) and without baseline RI (7.7% vs 37.2%, p0.001). One-year target vessel revascularization rates were similarly decreased with SESs in patients with (mild RI 4.7% vs 24.2%, p0.001; moderate RI 5.5% vs 26.9%, p0.001) and without (8.1% vs 22.4%, p0.001) RI, and this benefit was maintained at 5 years. Compared to patients with normal or mild RI, patients with moderate RI had higher rates of overall mortality and cardiac death at 1 year and 5 years (death 2.6% vs 0.6%, p0.01, and 17.5% vs 6.3%, p0.01, at 1 year and 5 years, respectively; cardiac death 1.3% vs 0.2%, p = 0.05, and 6.6% vs 3.4%, p = 0.04, at 1 year and 5 years, respectively). However, there was no differential effect of SESs versus BMSs on any safety end point. In conclusion, patients with moderate RI have a nearly threefold increase in 5-year mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention compared to patients without RI. The effectiveness of SESs in decreasing restenosis compared to BMSs in patients with moderate RI was preserved and rates of death and myocardial infarction were not adversely affected.
Published: 2010
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24. TCT-247 Reducing Radiation Exposure to Operators During Invasive Cardiac Procedures with a Novel Lead-Based Arm-Board (RADAR)

Author: Andrew McLellan, Terrence McPherson, Amir Solomonica, Andrew Yadegari, Rodrigo Bagur, Patrick Teefy, Tawfiq Choudhury, Shahar Lavi, Pallav Garg, Samual Hayman, and Zeev Israeli
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Patient exposure, law.invention, Radiation exposure, Operator (computer programming), law, Cardiac procedures, medicine, Radiology, Radar, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Lead (electronics), business, Cardiac catheterization
Abstract: Radiation exposure to patients and operators during cardiac catheterization may be hazardous. We evaluated whether the use of a novel lead-based arm-board reduces radiation exposure to the operator compared to usual practice, and if it affects patient exposure. We performed a single center
Published: 2018
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25. The EVEREST II Trial: Design and rationale for a randomized study of the evalve mitraclip system compared with mitral valve surgery for mitral regurgitation

Author: Laura Mauri, Pallav Garg, Elyse Foster, Elizabeth McDermott, Ted Feldman, Paul Mehoudar, Donald D. Glower, Joseph M. Massaro, Jan Komtebedde, and Ferolyn T. Powell
Subjects: Randomization Ratio, Cardiac Catheterization, medicine.medical_specialty, Prosthesis Design, Asymptomatic, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, cardiovascular diseases, Myocardial infarction, Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation, Mitral regurgitation, business.industry, MitraClip, Mitral Valve Insufficiency, Atrial fibrillation, medicine.disease, United States, Surgery, Survival Rate, Treatment Outcome, Heart Valve Prosthesis, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Mitral valve surgery, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Background Mitral valve surgery is the standard of care for patients with symptomatic mitral regurgitation (MR) or asymptomatic MR with evidence of left ventricular dysfunction or dilation. Whether an endovascular approach to repair can offer comparable effectiveness with improved safety remains to be determined in randomized trials. Study Design The EVEREST II Trial is a multicenter, randomized controlled trial to evaluate the benefits and risks of endovascular mitral valve repair using the MitraClip device compared with open mitral valve surgery (control) in patients with moderate or severe MR. Using a 2:1 randomization ratio, the trial is enrolling up to 186 MitraClip-treated subjects and 93 control subjects. Trial end points include a primary efficacy end point: the proportion of patients free from death, surgery for valve dysfunction, and with moderate-severe (3+) or severe (4+) MR at 12 months; the primary safety end point includes the proportion of patients with death, myocardial infarction, reoperation, nonelective cardiovascular surgery, stroke, renal failure, deep would infection, ventilation >48 hours, gastrointestinal complication, new permanent atrial fibrillation, septicemia, or transfusion of ≥2 U at 30 days or hospital discharge, whichever is longer. Conclusions This randomized controlled trial is designed to evaluate the performance of endovascular mitral repair in comparison to open mitral valve surgery in patients with significant MR.
Published: 2010
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26. The New World of Cardiac Interventions: A Brief Review of the Recent Advances in Non-Coronary Percutaneous Interventions

Author: Antony Walton and Pallav Garg
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Cardiac Catheterization, Alcohol septal ablation, medicine.medical_specialty, Percutaneous, Heart Valve Diseases, Ventricular outflow tract obstruction, Internal medicine, Mitral valve, medicine, Humans, Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures, cardiovascular diseases, Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation, business.industry, Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures, Heart Septal Defects, valvular heart disease, Atrial fibrillation, medicine.disease, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Patent foramen ovale, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
Abstract: Advances in cardiovascular interventional techniques have allowed percutaneous treatment of conditions that either previously required open operations or have not been amenable to treatment. Conditions such as atrial and ventricular septal defects and patent foramen ovale are now amenable to percutaneous closure using implantable devices. A number of strategies have evolved to reduce the risk of stroke such as percutaneous occlusion of the left atrial appendage for patients in atrial fibrillation. Valvular heart disease and complications of its repair are approachable via the percutaneous route. Percutaneous pulmonary and aortic valve replacements have been performed in humans. There are evolving techniques for repair of the mitral valve and of prosthetic paravalvular leaks using devices such as the Amplatzer septal occluder to repair the defects without the need for repeat open heart surgery. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction can now be approached using alcohol septal ablation with results comparable to the surgical technique. These advances have occurred as a result of improvement in the design of the devices used as well as a better understanding of the pathophysiology of conditions. Many of these techniques are in evolution and in this paper we review some of the recent developments in this dynamic area of interventional cardiology.
Published: 2008
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27. Balancing the Risks of Restenosis and Stent Thrombosis in Bare-Metal Versus Drug-Eluting Stents

Author: Laura Mauri, David J. Cohen, Thomas A. Gaziano, and Pallav Garg
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, education.field_of_study, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Absolute risk reduction, Percutaneous coronary intervention, medicine.disease, Thrombosis, Surgery, Restenosis, Drug-eluting stent, Conventional PCI, medicine, Risk factor, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, education
Abstract: Objectives We sought to define what incremental risk of very late stent thrombosis (VLST) in drug-eluting stents (DES) would outweigh the restenosis benefit. Background Although there are robust data on the restenosis benefit of DES versus bare-metal stents (BMS), the incremental risk of stent thrombosis, a rare but serious complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), is not known with certainty. Methods We developed a decision analytic Markov model comparing DES versus BMS strategies for a contemporary PCI population. Procedure-related morbidity and mortality data from published reports were used to derive the model probabilities. Over a range of incremental risk and duration of risk of VLST, we identified the net benefit of DES versus BMS in terms of quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE). Results Under an assumption of equal stent thrombosis rates beyond 1 year, the DES strategy was superior to BMS in terms of QALE (16.262 vs. 16.248 quality-adjusted life years [QALYs], difference = 0.014). Under the alternative assumption of an incremental risk difference of 0.13%/year, the net benefit was substantially reduced (difference = 0.001 QALYs). The threshold excess risk of very late DES thrombosis compared with BMS, above which BMS would be the preferred strategy, was 0.14%/year (over 4 years of follow-up). This threshold increased as the population risk of restenosis increased and decreased as the vulnerable time window lengthened. Conclusions A small absolute increase in DES thrombosis compared with BMS after 1 year (>0.14%/year) would result in BMS being the preferred strategy for the overall PCI population. Larger clinical trials with longer follow-up are needed to estimate the risk of late stent thrombosis with greater certainty for existing and new DES.
Published: 2008
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28. The conundrum of late and very late stent thrombosis following drug-eluting stent implantation

Author: Laura Mauri and Pallav Garg
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, business.industry, Coronary Thrombosis, medicine.medical_treatment, Drug-Eluting Stents, Coronary Artery Disease, equipment and supplies, Balloon, medicine.disease, Surgery, surgical procedures, operative, Restenosis, Drug-eluting stent, Angioplasty, medicine, Humans, Bare metal, cardiovascular diseases, Stent thrombosis, Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Complication, business
Abstract: Drug-eluting stents reduce restenosis compared with bare metal stents, but there is growing concern that drug-eluting stents may lead to higher rates of late stent thrombosis, a rare and potentially catastrophic complication following stenting.While the data on the risk of late stent thrombosis are not definitive, several general conclusions may be drawn from the available data. Late thrombosis, while associated with high mortality and morbidity, is an uncommon complication of both drug-eluting stents and bare metal stents. Randomized trials of approved drug-eluting stents versus bare metal stents have shown additional cases of late stent thrombosis in drug-eluting stents, but no significant difference in the cumulative incidence of stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction, or cardiac death at 4 years of follow-up. Observational studies suggest higher very late stent thrombosis incidence, but the relative risks of drug-eluting stents versus bare metal stents in specific high-risk groups require further study. Although the etiology of late stent thrombosis is multifactorial, premature discontinuation of clopidogrel appears to be the most important risk factor.Long-term follow-up of patients after coronary stenting has identified stent thrombosis as a rare but serious event. Ongoing clinical trials in broader patient populations will be helpful to understand the risk of late stent thrombosis with greater certainty.
Published: 2007
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29. LONG-TERM DUAL ANTIPLATELET THERAPY WITH TICAGRELOR AFTER DRUG-ELUTING STENTS: RESULTS OF A DECISION ANALYTIC MODEL

Author: David Cohen, Benjamin Galper, Pallav Garg, Robert Yeh, and Laura Mauri
Subjects: Drug, medicine.medical_specialty, animal structures, Prasugrel, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, media_common.quotation_subject, Analytic model, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Clopidogrel, Internal medicine, Cardiology, Medicine, cardiovascular diseases, business, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Ticagrelor, circulatory and respiratory physiology, media_common, medicine.drug
Abstract: The DAPT trial evaluated the role of longer-term dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with either clopidogrel or prasugrel following percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents (DES). However, ticagrelor has not been studied beyond 12 months of therapy. We sought to ascertain if there
Published: 2015
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30. BALANCING RISKS OF BLEEDING AND STENT THROMBOSIS: A DECISION ANALYTIC MODEL TO COMPARE DURATION OF DUAL ANTIPLATELET THERAPY AFTER DRUG-ELUTING STENTS

Author: Robert W. Yeh, David E. Cohen, Benjamin Z. Galper, Pallav Garg, and Laura Mauri
Subjects: Drug, medicine.medical_specialty, animal structures, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Analytic model, DUAL (cognitive architecture), Surgery, medicine, Radiology, Stent thrombosis, Duration (project management), business, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, media_common
Published: 2014
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31. Resolution of Iatrogenic Aortic Dissection Illustrated by Computed Tomography

Author: Pallav Garg, Frederic S. Resnic, Orla Buckley, and Frank J. Rybicki
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, Iatrogenic Disease, Remission, Spontaneous, Aortography, Coronary artery bypass surgery, medicine.artery, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary, Aged, 80 and over, Aortic dissection, Aorta, Ejection fraction, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Sinus of Valsalva, medicine.disease, Aortic Aneurysm, Aortic Dissection, Ostium, Right coronary artery, Angiography, Cardiology, Radiology, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: An 83-year-old man with known history of known coronary artery disease (prior coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention), hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia presented with ongoing exertional angina and dyspnea despite medical therapy. A dipyridamole rubidium-82 stress test showed moderate-sized ischemia in the inferior and inferolateral territory. An echocardiogram showed mild segmental left ventricular dysfunction with an ejection fraction of 45% and mild mitral regurgitation. Angiography showed severe native triple vessel disease, patent left internal mammary artery graft to left anterior descending artery, patent stents in saphenous vein graft to obtuse marginal, and occluded vein graft to right coronary artery (RCA; previously known to be occluded). The native RCA was diffusely diseased with subtotal occlusions in its mid and distal segments including severe proximal posterior descending artery disease and was partly collateralized from obtuse marginal (Figure 1A). Given the ongoing symptoms on medical therapy, decision was made to proceed with percutaneous coronary intervention to RCA. Figure 1. RCA angiographic appearance: preprocedure (A), contrast in the false lumen of the aortic root dissection originating from RCA ostium (image at the time of ostial stent deployment) (B), and final angiographic appearance (C). The RCA ostium was engaged with an 8F Amplatz (AL 0.75) guide (chosen for extra support in a calcified, diffusely diseased artery), and the total occlusions in the mid and distal RCA were crossed using a PT Graphix guide wire (Boston Scientific, Natick, Mass). Rotational atherectomy with 1.50-mm burr was performed to …
Published: 2009
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32. Spontaneous bullet migration- uncommon sequelae of firearm injury to the brain

Author: Rabi Narayan Sahu, Vijendra Maurya, Ashok Kumar Mahapatra, Pallav Garg, and Raj Kumar
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Firearm injury, Neurological Damage, business.industry, medicine, Foreign body, Occipital region, Left posterior, Complication, medicine.disease, business, Surgery
Abstract: An important though uncommon complication of retained missiles is that of spontaneous migration. A 22 years young man presented to us with alleged firearm injury to head. The bullet migration was evident on the third day after injury when it was seen lying in the left posterior occipital region as compared to previous posterior frontal location. Softening of contused cerebrum along the missile tract and free weight of the bullet due to gravity were probably responsible for the bullet migration in this case. The patient underwent surgical exploration and progressively recovered. This case report emphasizes the fact that spontaneous migration of a foreign body in side the cranium should be watched for, resulting in damage to vital structures producing significant neurological damage. The presence of migration should be considered to be an urgent indication for surgical intervention.
Published: 2008
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33. Invasively assessed coronary flow dynamics improve following relief of aortic stenosis with transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Author: Patrick Teefy, Anthony C. Camuglia, Pallav Garg, Daniel Bainbridge, Philip M. Jones, Bob Kiaii, Jaffer Syed, and Michael W.A. Chu
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiac Catheterization, Transcatheter aortic, coronary flow reserve, Cardiac dysfunction, Internal medicine, Coronary Circulation, medicine, Humans, Postoperative Period, transcatheter aortic valve implantation, Coronary flow, Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation, business.industry, valvular heart disease, Coronary flow reserve, Aortic Valve Stenosis, medicine.disease, Stenosis, Valvular aortic stenosis, Nutrition Assessment, Regional Blood Flow, Aortic Valve, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, business, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: To the Editor: Valvular aortic stenosis (AS) leads to several pathophysiological changes. These result in cardiac dysfunction, with attendant symptoms and, if not managed appropriately, poor clinical outcomes. Impairment of coronary flow dynamics, as measured by coronary flow reserve (CFR), has
Published: 2013

34. INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS HOSPITALIZATIONS AND ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS RATE BEFORE AND AFTER THE 2007 AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION GUIDELINES REVISION

Author: Pallav Garg, Salimah Shariff, Krista Bray Jenkyn, and Dennis Ko
Subjects: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published: 2017
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35. A COST-EFFECTIVE ANALYSIS OF SHORT DURATION DUAL ANTI-PLATELET THERAPY (DAPT) WITH A BIOABSORBABLE POLYMER STENT PLATFORM VERSUS LONGER DURATION DAPT WITH A DURABLE POLYMER DRUG-ELUTING STENT IN A PATIENT POPULATION UNDERGOING ELECTIVE PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION

Author: Eric A. Secemsky, Matthew R. Reynolds, David Cohen, Pallav Garg, Robert W. Yeh, and Benjamin Z. Galper
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Stent, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Bioabsorbable polymer, Anti platelet, Surgery, Drug-eluting stent, Internal medicine, Conventional PCI, Durable polymer, Cardiology, Medicine, cardiovascular diseases, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Short duration
Abstract: Background: Guidelines recommend 6 months of dual antiplatelet therapy after PCI with drug-eluting stents (DES) in stable coronary disease (CAD). Whether treatment with bioabsorbable polymer (BP) DES followed by a shorter duration of dual antiplatelet therapy is cost-effective is unknown. Methods
Published: 2017
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36. TCT-853 Use of a Novel Lead-based Arm-Board to Reduce Radiation Exposure to Operators During Invasive Cardiac Procedures

Author: Andrew McLellan, Usha Manian, Pallav Garg, Samual Hayman, and Andrew Yadegari
Subjects: Radiation exposure, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Cardiac procedures, medicine, Radiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Lead (electronics)
Published: 2016
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37. Angiographic characteristics of coronary arterial segments progressing to myocardial infarction in patients with and without chronic kidney disease

Author: Cathy Jeon, Michael S. Garshick, Manu R. Varma, David M. Charytan, Pallav Garg, and Laura Mauri
Subjects: Nephrology, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, Myocardial Infarction, Constriction, Pathologic, urologic and male genital diseases, Coronary Angiography, Kidney Function Tests, Coronary artery disease, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Medicine, Humans, In patient, Myocardial infarction, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Aged, High rate, business.industry, Plaque rupture, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Coronary Vessels, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Cardiology, Disease Progression, Female, business, Kidney disease
Abstract: Individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have high rates of myocardial infarction (MI), but whether the nature of coronary lesions susceptible to plaque rupture is altered and whether the high rate of MI is related to a greater burden of atherosclerotic lesions in individuals with CKD is uncertain.We used quantitative coronary angiography to assess atherosclerotic plaque location and characteristics at baseline and at the time of MI in 62 patients with and without CKD. Univariate and multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to assess whether the association between pre-MI angiographic findings and MI differs in individuals with and without CKD.The risk of MI rose as the distance from the coronary ostium decreased both in patients with CKD (odds ratio per 10 mm 0.92 [95 % CI 0.87-0.99]) and in those without CKD (odds ratio 0.83 [95 % CI 0.75-0.93]). Although tighter degrees of coronary stenosis were associated with increased risks of MI in patients with and without CKD, the majority of MIs (70.9 % in patients with CKD and 89.5 % in those without CKD) occurred in segments with50 % diameter stenosis at baseline.The characteristics of lesions progressing to MI are similar in individuals with and without CKD and the majority of events occur in areas with50 % stenosis at baseline. Given the high burden of non-stenotic lesions in patients with CKD, an interventional strategy aimed solely at sites with high-grade stenosis is unlikely to markedly reduce the risk of MI in patients with CKD.
Published: 2012

38. Response to Letters Regarding Article, 'Lack of Association Between Migraine Headache and Patent Foramen Ovale: Results of a Case-Control Study'

Author: Laura Mauri, Pallav Garg, Justina C. Wu, Stephen J. Servoss, Magdy Selim, E. Francis Cook, Richard E. Kuntz, Zahid H. Bajwa, and Alexis Dineen
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Atrial septal aneurysm, business.industry, Case-control study, medicine.disease, Surgery, Cryptogenic stroke, Migraine, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Patent foramen ovale, medicine, Cardiology, cardiovascular diseases, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Response: We appreciate Drs Luermans and Bhindi and colleagues' thoughtful comments on our recent publication. We agree that transesophageal compared with transthoracic echocardiography is more sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of patent foramen ovale (PFO) as well as associated anatomic abnormalities such as atrial septal aneurysm (ASA). Although ASA has been shown to be associated with cryptogenic stroke, it remains unclear if this is more common in migraineurs. In our study, there was no difference in the prevalence of PFO with hypermobile septum (defined as atrial septal motion 10 mm) in cases with migraine compared with controls (9.0% …
Published: 2010
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39. Giant, thrombosed, sellar-suprasellar internal carotid artery aneurysm with persistent, primitive trigeminal artery causing hypopituitarism

Author: Sanjay Behari, Arun Tungaria, Vijendra Kumar, Pallav Garg, and Awadhesh Kumar Jaiswal
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, endocrine system diseases, Hypopituitarism, Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection, Aneurysm, medicine.artery, medicine, Humans, Sella Turcica, cardiovascular diseases, Trigeminal Nerve, business.industry, Intracranial Aneurysm, medicine.disease, Thrombosis, Surgery, Radiography, Intracranial Thrombosis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Carotid Arteries, Treatment Outcome, cardiovascular system, Trigeminal artery, Circle of Willis, Female, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, Internal carotid artery, business
Abstract: A rare case of a giant, thrombosed, sellar–suprasellar paraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm with persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA) causing hypopituitarism that manifested as hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, and hypocortisolism is reported. There were no visual/neurological deficits, diabetes insipidus, or episodes of subarachnoid hemorrhage. The alteration in the flow dynamics of the circle of Willis due to the presence of PPTA may have been responsible for both the genesis of the giant aneurysm as well as for the induction of thrombogenesis within its lumen. As the digital subtraction angiogram showed complete thrombosis within the aneurysm and hormonal replacement therapy was effective in ensuring complete normalization of symptoms, the patient was unwilling to undergo surgical clipping of the aneurysm and removal of the suprasellar clot in an attempt to restore pituitary functions. Hypopituitarism recurred when the patient stopped her hormonal supplementation therapy after 7 years, and she again became symptom-free on restarting the therapy. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this represents the first reported case in the literature of hypopituitarism consequent to a giant, thrombosed, sellar–suprasellar ICA aneurysm with an associated PPTA on the side of the aneurysm.
Published: 2010

40. Lack of association between migraine headache and patent foramen ovale: results of a case-control study

Author: Pallav Garg, Richard E. Kuntz, Alexis Dineen, Justina C. Wu, Laura Mauri, Magdy Selim, Zahid H. Bajwa, E. Francis Cook, and Stephen J. Servoss
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, medicine.medical_treatment, Migraine Disorders, Foramen secundum, Foramen Ovale, Patent, Persistent fetal circulation, Electrocardiography, Physiology (medical), medicine, Valsalva maneuver, Odds Ratio, Prevalence, Humans, Foramen ovale (heart), business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Migraine, Anesthesia, Case-Control Studies, Patent foramen ovale, Female, Transthoracic echocardiogram, Headaches, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Background— Clinical observations of migraine headache symptoms in patients with a patent foramen ovale (PFO), both of which conditions are highly prevalent, have raised the question of a possible pathophysiological relationship. We sought to evaluate the assumption of an association between migraine headaches and the presence of PFO by use of a large case-control study. Methods and Results— We conducted a case-control study to assess the prevalence of PFO in subjects with and without migraine. Case subjects were those with a history of migraine (diagnosed by neurologists at a specialty academic headache clinic). Control subjects were healthy volunteers without migraine 1:1 matched on the basis of age and sex with case subjects. Presence of PFO was determined by transthoracic echocardiogram with second harmonic imaging and transcranial Doppler ultrasonography during a standardized procedure of infused agitated saline contrast with or without Valsalva maneuver and a review of the results by experts blinded to case-control status. PFO was considered present if both studies were positive. Odds ratios were calculated with conditional logistic regression in the matched cohort (n=288). In the matched analysis, the prevalence of PFO was similar in case and control subjects (26.4% versus 25.7%; odds ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 0.62 to 1.74, P =0.90). There was no difference in PFO prevalence in those with migraine with aura and those without (26.8% versus 26.1%; odds ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 0.48 to 2.21, P =0.93). Conclusions— We found no association between migraine headaches and the presence of PFO in this large case-control study.
Published: 2010

41. Management of multiple tethering in spinal dysraphism

Author: Ashok Kumar Mahapatra, Samir Kumar Kalra, Pallav Garg, and Raj Kumar
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cord, Spinal dysraphism, Neurological examination, Group B, medicine, Humans, Neural Tube Defects, Spinal Dysraphism, medicine.diagnostic_test, Tethering, Spina bifida, business.industry, Infant, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Surgery, Postoperative status, Treatment Outcome, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, Neurology (clinical), Neurosurgery, business
Abstract: The most challenging component of spinal dysraphism is cord tethering. Tethering can occur due to single or multiple lesions within the same patient. It is imperative to aggressively identify and release all the tethering lesions in order to provide maximum benefit to the patient. With increasing number of tethering lesions, the clinical profile and outcome show significant differences, and this difference is significantly more when more than two tethering lesions coexist in the same patient. Out of the 248 patients of spinal dysraphism who underwent surgical management at Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India, between 1997 and 2007, 160 were included in the study. Patients were classified into two groups based on the number of tethering lesions. The first group (Group A) comprised cases of spinal dysraphism with tethering demonstrable at one or two sites. The second group (Group B) comprised patients with radiological or intraoperative evidence of multiple tethering lesions (more than two). There were 119/160 patients in Group A, while 41/160 patients were in Group B (with more than two sites of tethering). The preoperative neurological examination revealed significant differences between the two study groups. The clinical profile and the surgical outcomes have shown significant differences in the two study groups. These differences are statistically significant. We strongly believe that the mere presence or absence of tethering is not a sufficient documentation to predict its effect on the cases of spinal dysraphism. Tethering is a complex entity that needs to be further classified in terms of the number of tethering lesions, which significantly affect the pre- and postoperative status of the patients. We would like to suggest the term “Spina Bifida Multiplex” for the cases where more than two lesions are found to be responsible for tethering.
Published: 2009

42. Drug-Eluting or Bare-Metal Stents for Acute Myocardial Infarction

Author: Pallav Garg, Treacy S. Silbaugh, and Laura Mauri
Subjects: Drug, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, medicine.disease, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, Bare metal, Surgery, Myocardial infarction, business, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, media_common
Published: 2009
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43. Drug-eluting or bare-metal stenting in patients with diabetes mellitus: results from the Massachusetts Data Analysis Center Registry

Author: Ann Lovett, Robert E. Wolf, Katya Zelevinsky, Sharon-Lise T. Normand, Laura Mauri, Manu R. Varma, Zheng Zhou, Pallav Garg, and Treacy S. Silbaugh
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Databases, Factual, medicine.medical_treatment, Myocardial Infarction, Myocardial Ischemia, Coronary Disease, Cohort Studies, Diabetes Complications, Young Adult, Restenosis, Physiology (medical), Angioplasty, Acute care, Cause of Death, medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Myocardial infarction, Cause of death, Aged, business.industry, Mortality rate, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Stent, Drug-Eluting Stents, Equipment Design, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Massachusetts, Metals, Female, Safety, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Background— Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at high risk for restenosis, myocardial infarction, and cardiac mortality after coronary stenting, and the long-term safety of drug-eluting stents (DES) relative to bare-metal stents (BMS) in DM is uncertain. We report on a large consecutive series of patients with DM followed up for 3 years after DES and BMS from a regional contemporary US practice with mandatory reporting. Methods and Results— All adults with DM undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting between April 1, 2003, and September 30, 2004, at all acute care nonfederal hospitals in Massachusetts were identified from a mandatory state database. According to index admission stent type, patients were classified as DES treated if all stents were drug eluting and as BMS treated if all stents were bare metal; patients treated with both types of stents were excluded from the primary analysis. Mortality rates were obtained from vital statistics records, and myocardial infarction and revascularization rates were obtained from the state database with complete 3 years of follow-up on the entire cohort. Risk-adjusted mortality, myocardial infarction, and revascularization differences (DES−BMS) were estimated with propensity-score matching based on clinical, procedural, hospital, and insurance information collected at the index admission. DM was present in 5051 patients (29% of the population) treated with DES or BMS during the study. Patients with DM were more likely to receive DES than BMS (66.1% versus 33.9%; P P P =0.02), 13.8% versus 16.9% (−3.0%; 95% confidence interval, −5.6 to 0.5; P =0.02), and 18.4% versus 23.7% (−5.4%; confidence interval, −8.3 to −2.4; P Conclusions— In a real-world diabetic patient population with mandatory reporting and follow-up, DES were associated with reduced mortality, myocardial infarction, and revascularization rates at long-term follow-up compared with BMS.
Published: 2008

44. Drug-eluting or bare-metal stents for acute myocardial infarction

Author: Treacy S. Silbaugh, Pallav Garg, Manu R. Varma, Laura Mauri, Ann Lovett, Katya Zelevinsky, Sharon-Lise T. Normand, Robert E. Wolf, and Zheng Zhou
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Myocardial Infarction, Cohort Studies, Recurrence, Internal medicine, Acute care, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Myocardial infarction, Survival analysis, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Retrospective cohort study, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Drug-Eluting Stents, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, Surgery, surgical procedures, operative, Treatment Outcome, Drug-eluting stent, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Conventional PCI, Cardiology, Female, Stents, business, Cohort study
Abstract: Studies comparing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting and bare-metal coronary stents in acute myocardial infarction have been limited in size and duration.We identified all adults undergoing PCI with stenting for acute myocardial infarction between April 1, 2003, and September 30, 2004, at any acute care, nonfederal hospital in Massachusetts with the use of a state-mandated database of PCI procedures. We performed propensity-score matching on three groups of patients: all patients with acute myocardial infarction, all those with acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation, and all those with acute myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation. Propensity-score analyses were based on clinical, procedural, hospital, and insurance information collected at the time of the index procedure. Differences in the risk of death between patients receiving drug-eluting stents and those receiving bare-metal stents were determined from vital-statistics records.A total of 7217 patients were treated for acute myocardial infarction (4016 with drug-eluting stents and 3201 with bare-metal stents). According to analysis of matched pairs, the 2-year, risk-adjusted mortality rates were lower for drug-eluting stents than for bare-metal stents among all patients with myocardial infarction (10.7% vs. 12.8%, P=0.02), among patients with myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (8.5% vs. 11.6%, P=0.008), and among patients with myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation (12.8% vs. 15.6%, P=0.04). The 2-year, risk-adjusted rates of recurrent myocardial infarction were reduced in patients with myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation who were treated with drug-eluting stents, and repeat revascularization rates were significantly reduced with the use of drug-eluting stents as compared with bare-metal stents in all groups.In patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction, treatment with drug-eluting stents is associated with decreased 2-year mortality rates and a reduction in the need for repeat revascularization procedures as compared with treatment with bare-metal stents.
Published: 2008

45. Abstract 1680: Spatial Distribution of Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Author: Richard E. Kuntz, Pallav Garg, John C. Wang, Susana C. Candia, and Laura Mauri
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Cardiology, Atherosclerotic disease, Medicine, In patient, Myocardial infarction, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, medicine.disease
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute coronary occlusions occur most frequently as a result of rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque. Previous studies have found greater extent of atherosclerotic disease in the coronary arteries of diabetic patients. While the burden of disease is higher in diabetics, less is known about the spatial distribution of myocardial infarction in this population. METHODS: We sought to compare the spatial distribution of myocardial infarction (STEMI and Non-STEMI) in patients with diabetes mellitus and in those without, based on quantitative coronary and statistical analysis. We analyzed 756 patients with STEMI (n = 556) and NSTEMI (n=200), of which 175 patients comprised the diabetic cohort, and mapped the location of the acute coronary occlusion. RESULTS: Coronary occlusions were not uniformly distributed throughout each of the major epicardial coronary arteries but tended to cluster within the proximal third of each of the vessels in both cohorts. There was no difference in the distribution of occlusions in diabetics vs. non-diabetics in any of the vessels (left anterior descending artery, P=0.35; left circumflex artery; P=0.33 right coronary artery, P=0.20; Figure). CONCLUSIONS: Acute coronary occlusions leading to STEMI and NSTEMI in both diabetics and non-diabetics tend to cluster in predictable “hot spots” within the proximal third of the coronary arteries. Identification of these high-risk zones for acute coronary occlusions will lead to future advances in vulnerable plaque detection technology and potentially locally directed preventive strategies. Spatial distribution of myocardial infarction in diabetics vs. non-diabetics using distance to lesion from the ostium of the coronary artery.
Published: 2007
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46. Balancing the risks of restenosis and stent thrombosis in bare-metal versus drug-eluting stents: results of a decision analytic model

Author: Pallav, Garg, David J, Cohen, Thomas, Gaziano, and Laura, Mauri
Subjects: Coronary Restenosis, Risk, Risk Factors, Coronary Thrombosis, Humans, Drug-Eluting Stents, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary, Risk Assessment, Markov Chains, Decision Support Techniques
Abstract: We sought to define what incremental risk of very late stent thrombosis (VLST) in drug-eluting stents (DES) would outweigh the restenosis benefit.Although there are robust data on the restenosis benefit of DES versus bare-metal stents (BMS), the incremental risk of stent thrombosis, a rare but serious complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), is not known with certainty.We developed a decision analytic Markov model comparing DES versus BMS strategies for a contemporary PCI population. Procedure-related morbidity and mortality data from published reports were used to derive the model probabilities. Over a range of incremental risk and duration of risk of VLST, we identified the net benefit of DES versus BMS in terms of quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE).Under an assumption of equal stent thrombosis rates beyond 1 year, the DES strategy was superior to BMS in terms of QALE (16.262 vs. 16.248 quality-adjusted life years [QALYs], difference = 0.014). Under the alternative assumption of an incremental risk difference of 0.13%/year, the net benefit was substantially reduced (difference = 0.001 QALYs). The threshold excess risk of very late DES thrombosis compared with BMS, above which BMS would be the preferred strategy, was 0.14%/year (over 4 years of follow-up). This threshold increased as the population risk of restenosis increased and decreased as the vulnerable time window lengthened.A small absolute increase in DES thrombosis compared with BMS after 1 year (0.14%/year) would result in BMS being the preferred strategy for the overall PCI population. Larger clinical trials with longer follow-up are needed to estimate the risk of late stent thrombosis with greater certainty for existing and new DES.
Published: 2007

47. Practice Patterns and Trends in the Use of Medical Therapy in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Ontario

Author: Lingsong Yun, Pallav Garg, Harindra C. Wijeysundera, Dennis T. Ko, and Warren J. Cantor
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_treatment, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Coronary Artery Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, outcomes, Coronary artery disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Original Research, Aged, 80 and over, Ontario, education.field_of_study, Interventional Cardiology, 3. Good health, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, surgical procedures, operative, stable coronary artery disease, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Cohort, Cardiology, Female, Guideline Adherence, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Statin, Thienopyridine, medicine.drug_class, Adrenergic beta-Antagonists, Population, Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Humans, In patient, cardiovascular diseases, Medical prescription, education, Aged, Practice patterns, business.industry, percutaneous coronary intervention, Percutaneous coronary intervention, medicine.disease, optimal medical therapy, Conventional PCI, Emergency medicine, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, business, Medical therapy
Abstract: Background Clinical guidelines emphasize medical therapy as the initial approach to the management of patients with stable coronary artery disease ( CAD ). However, the extent to which medical therapy is applied before and after percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) in contemporary clinical practice is uncertain. We evaluated medication use for patients with stable CAD undergoing PCI , and assessed whether the COURAGE study altered medication use in the Canadian healthcare system. Methods and Results A population‐based cohort of 23 680 older patients >65 years old) with stable CAD undergoing PCI in Ontario between 2003 and 2010 was assembled. Optimal medical therapy ( OMT ) was defined as prescription for a β‐blocker, statin, and either angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker in the 90 days before PCI , and the same medications plus thienopyridine 90 days following PCI . Prior to PCI , 8023 (33.9%) patients were receiving OMT , 11 891 (50.2%) were on suboptimal therapy, and 3766 (15.9%) were not prescribed any medications of interest. There was significant improvement in medical therapy following PCI ( OMT : 11 149 [47.1%], suboptimal therapy: 11 591 [48.9%], and none: 940 [4.0%], P OMT reduced significantly after the publication of COURAGE (34.9% before versus 32.8% after, P OMT following PCI was lower in the period after publication of COURAGE (47.3% before versus 46.9% after, P Conclusions OMT was prescribed in about 1 in 3 patients prior to PCI and less than half after PCI . In contrast to the anticipated impact of COURAGE , we found lower rates of medication use in PCI patients after its publication.
Published: 2013
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48. TCT-733 Coronary Flow Reserve Pre and Post Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Severe Aortic Stenosis: An Invasive Evaluation Study of Coronary Flow Dynamics

Author: Patrick Teefy, Michael W.A. Chu, Pallav Garg, Philip M. Jones, Jaffer Syed, Bob Kiaii, Anthony C. Camuglia, and Daniel Bainbridge
Subjects: Stenosis, medicine.medical_specialty, Transcatheter aortic, business.industry, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, Coronary flow reserve, medicine.disease, business, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Pre and post, Coronary flow
Published: 2013
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49. TCT-509 Impact On Outcome Of Different Types Of Carotid Stents: Results From The European Registry Of Carotid Artery Stenting

Author: Paolo Rubino, Gianmarco de Donato, Alberto Cremonesi, Patrick Peeters, Pallav Garg, Giovanni Esposito, Horst Sievert, Dimitrios Nikas, Marc Bosiers, Bernhard Reimers, Martin Werner, Eugenio Stabile, Carlo Setacci, Marius Hornung, Fausto Castriota, Laura Mauri, Andrej Schmidt, Piergiorgio Cao, Giambattista Parlani, and Giuseppe Giugliano
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Carotid arteries, Medicine, cardiovascular diseases, Radiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Carotid stents
Published: 2013
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50. Coronary Flow Reserve Pre and Post Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Severe Aortic Stenosis: An Invasive Evaluation Study of Coronary Flow Dynamics

Author: Michael W.A. Chu, Patrick Teefy, R Kiaii, Jaffer Syed, Pallav Garg, and Anthony C. Camuglia
Subjects: Stenosis, medicine.medical_specialty, Transcatheter aortic, business.industry, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, Coronary flow reserve, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.disease, business, Pre and post, Coronary flow
Published: 2013
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