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Background: The present study analyzes factors of adolescents' ecological-relational contexts in relation to suicidal behavior. In particular, it examined the role of peer bullying and cyberbullying, classroom climate, violence and partner victimization, parental socialization styles, and child-to-parent violence. Method: The participants are 2,977 Spanish adolescents attending seven secondary schools. They were aged 11-17 (M = 14.0, SD = 1.40; 51.5% girls). Multivariate logistic regression analyses and a two-step cluster analysis were applied to analyze the data. Results: Findings showed a prevalence of suicidal thoughts in 43.3% of the sample, with 7.7% reporting suicide attempts. Adolescents experiencing high/low victimization (ORa = 3.10, p <.001) and high cybervictimization (ORa = 1.67, p <.001) were at risk. However, high cyberbullying involvement (ORa = 0.55, p <.001) and not having a partner (ORa = 0.61, p <.001) emerged as protective factors. Sex-specific analyses underscored distinct interaction effects, with suicidal behavior in girls being significantly related to maternal negative socialization (ORa = 1.57, p =.05). Conclusions: An ecological-relational and sex approach is needed to understand and prevent suicidal behavior in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine a risk model for eating disorders and exercise dependence in women who regularly attend the gym. This study explored the impact of early maladaptive schemas, parental styles, coping mechanisms, sociocultural attitudes toward appearance, and anxious-depressive symptomatology. A total of 338 women (age range 18-40 years) participated in the study. The results suggest that early maladaptive schemas of imperfection/shame and inflexible standards, generated by parental styles characterized by less affective availability and focused on devaluative criticism, overexertion and internalization of guilt when stipulated standards are not met, lead to increased anxiety for social approval. Being approved becomes the only resource of self-validation found by the individual. Specifically, the results show that women who scored at risk for eating disorders and exercise dependence had higher levels of anxiety and depression. In turn, they more frequently used desiderative thinking and escape as coping mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide attempts (SA) are prevalent in substance use disorders (SUD). Epigenetic mechanisms may play a pivotal role in the molecular mechanisms of environmental effects eliciting suicidal behaviour in this population. Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA), oxytocin and neurotrophin pathways have been consistently involved in SA, yet , their interplay with childhood adversity remains unclear, particularly in SUD. In 24 outpatients with SUDs, we examined the relation between three parental dysfunctional styles and history of SA with methylation of 32 genes from these pathways, eventually analysing 823 methylation sites. Extensive phenotypic characterization was obtained using a semi‐structured interview. Parental style was patient‐reported using the Measure of Parental Style (MOPS) questionnaire, analysed with and without imputation of missing items. Linear regressions were performed to adjust for possible confounders, followed by multiple testing correction. We describe both differentially methylated probes (DMPs) and regions (DMRs) for each set of analyses (with and without imputation of MOPS items). Without imputation, five DMRs in OXTR, CRH and NTF3 significantly interacted with MOPS father abuse to increase the risk for lifetime SA, thus covering the three pathways. After imputation of missing MOPS items, two other DMPs from FKBP5 and SOCS3 significantly interacted with each of the three father styles to increase the risk for SA. Although our findings must be interpreted with caution due to small sample size, they suggest implications of stress reactivity genes in the suicidal risk of SUD patients and highlight the significance of father dysfunction as a potential marker of childhood adversity in SUD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed at examining the transactional effects between parental styles and adolescent externalizing problems. The total sample included 868 students, 410 preadolescents (Mage = 10.63, SD = 0.63) attending the last two grades of elementary school and 458 early adolescents (Mage = 12.65, SD = 0.67) attending the first two grades of high school. Participating schools (N = 15) were purposefully selected to be diverse in terms of urban/rural residence of families they serve, as well as their socioeconomic status, and came from three different Districts of Cyprus. In terms of gender, 451 (52.0%) were girls and 410 (47.5%) were boys. The self‐report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used for measuring externalizing problems and the Parental Authority Questionnaire was used for measuring parental style. A short‐term longitudinal design was used, with the data collected at two points in time having 5‐month intervals. By means of a cross‐lagged model, and in contrast to prior studies claiming that certain parental styles influence positively or negatively externalizing problems, the current study found that the opposite effect is true. That is, externalizing problems affected positively authoritarian parenting and negative authoritative style. Also, a multigroup analysis revealed that age/developmental phase moderated these relationships. Specifically, T1 authoritarian parenting seemed to be a risk factor for preadolescents, but not for adolescents. Practitioner Points: Even though both parenting and child effects were found, adolescent externalizing problems were the most important influencing variable.Authoritarian parenting was found to be a risk factor for preadolescents, but not for older adolescents.The externalizing behavior of the adolescent and his or her parents' rearing style reciprocally predicted each other over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Üsküdar Universitiy Journal of Social Sciences is the property of Uskudar University Journal of Social Sciences (JOSOC) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Methaodos: Social Science Journal / Methaodos: Revista de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Departamento de Ciencias de la Comunicacion y Sociologia, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Identification with all humanity (IWAH), defined as a bond with and concern for people all over the world, predicts concern for global problems, commitment to human rights, and prosocial activities. However, it is still unknown how such a broad social identification develops and if early experiences play any role. Two studies explored the role of diverse childhood and adolescence intergroup experiences in predicting IWAH in adulthood. We focused on experiences such as being raised in diversity and having intergroup friends, helping or being helped by various others, and having experiences leading to re- or de-categorization, and introduced a new Childhood/Adolescent Intergroup Experiences (CAIE) scale. Study 1 (N = 313 U.S. students, Mage = 21) and Study 2 (N = 1,000, a representative Polish sample, Mage = 47) found that this kind of intergroup experiences during childhood and adolescence predicted IWAH beyond the effects of its other known predictors, such as empathy, openness to experience, universalism, right- wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation or ethnocentrism. These results, obtained on various samples and in countries with different ethno- cultural contexts, point to potential ways of enlarging IWAH during childhood and adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Varios estudios han indicado la existencia de actitudes transfóbicas en el sistema educativo. Esto se extiende a la comunidad universitaria, lo que tiene consecuencias psicosociales negativas en las personas trans. Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la actitud de los estudiantes universitarios hacia las personas trans. Se utilizó un diseño correlacional transversal con una muestra de 1701 estudiantes universitarios con edades entre 18 y 68 años. Los resultados muestran la presencia de actitudes negativas hacia las personas trans en la comunidad universitaria. También muestra la existencia de una relación entre estas actitudes y otras variables, como la empatía, la autoestima y los estilos parentales. Nuestros resultados indican que las actitudes negativas de los estudiantes universitarios hacia las personas trans podrían estar relacionadas con variables psicológicas y sociales como la empatía, la autoestima y los estilos parentales, lo que apunta a una probable relación entre los estilos parentales y la empatía en los hijos. Dentro de las implicaciones para la práctica se sugiere la importancia de fomentar actitudes inclusivas y de aceptación de la diversidad en la formación escolar y universitaria, con programas centrados en el desarrollo de empatía y autoestima.

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de la Educación is the property of Instituto Corporativo Edwards Deming and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Owing to growing alcoholism and gambling, numerous variables have been the subject of study to better understand the causes of such addictions. This study aims to investigate personality factors, parental styles in upbringing and early exposure to alcoholism integratively to shed light on how such variables generally shape vulnerability for addictive behaviours and alcohol use disorder (AUD) as well as pathological gambling (PG), separately. The sample consisted of 150 for the inpatient groups (78 AUD and 72 PG) and 102 participants for the control group. The inpatient group comprised "pure" AUD (excluding gambling and other significant addictive disorders) and "pure" PG (excluding AUD and other significant addictive disorders). A random forest-trees analysis established a model accurately classifying 79% of participants from the addictive group and found low conscientiousness, an authoritarian father, a less-flexible mother and neuroticism to be predisposed factors for both addictions. Additionally, through structural equation modeling, a satisfying-index model shows higher extroversion and lower openness may be attributed to PG, as well as the father's authoritarian parenting style. The mother's authoritarian or permissive styles may be linked to AUD and the father's alcoholism. The research concludes AUD and PG have similarities in personality as vulnerable factors for addictive behaviours as well as essential differences in personality and early experiences from boundaries set by mothers and fathers and alcoholism in childhood. The results are applicable in preventive programs as well as working with patients and their parents to create more individualized treatment in relation to addiction type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The English language occupies a prominent role in today's globalized world. The importance of this language is on the increase to the extent that this has become a major concern for governments, curriculum designers, educators, and parents. There are several factors, which contribute to achieving the successful learning of the English language. One of these factors is the role of the family and their involvement in the language development of their children. The present systematic review is framed in a descriptive qualitative approach since its main objective is to analyze articles that contain information regarding family’s role and their challenging pedagogical commitment with their children to the learning of the English language. For this purpose, 16 empirical studies retrieved from SCOPUS and the Web of Science database published between 2016 and 2021 in different EFL contexts were analyzed. The present work followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and was analyzed thematically. Four themes were identified from the empirical studies and were discussed further. The results clearly suggest that the higher commitment of parents is directly proportional to the success rate in the learning of the English language. It also revealed the need for integrating the Family in the English language learning process and be considered while formulating any language/educational policy as well as curriculum development involving English as a foreign language (EFL) learning context in the future. Finally, the study provides information on limitations and implications followed by a conclusion.

This article analyzes the relationships between macho mentality, social vulnerability, and parenting styles in Argentina. A sample of 190 primary caregivers of children and adolescents from different Latin American countries was used. The results showed that higher levels of machismo and social vulnerability tended to decrease positive parenting styles. In addition, machismo was negatively associated with some socioeconomic variables. It is concluded that interventions from public policies are necessary to decrease these phenomena and promote high-quality parenting styles that favor the optimal development of children and adolescents. [Extracted from the article]

Maladaptive perfectionism has been associated with certain mental health problems. Moreover, studies suggest that the development of perfectionism can be attributed to childhood experiences and, more specifically, to parenting styles. (1) Background: The aims of the present study were first to examine the relationship of perfectionism to perceived parenting and current symptoms of depression and anxiety and, secondly, to study the effectiveness of a group CBT intervention program for high perfectionism; (2) Methods: Participants were 81 young Greek adults with relatively high scores in perfectionism. They were randomly allocated to two conditions: either the intervention group (IG; n = 40) or a non-active control group (CG; n = 41). The intervention group received a CBT intervention of 10 weekly sessions, while assessments were made in two time points for both groups; (3) Results: There was significant correlation of perfectionism with perceived parental indifference, abuse, and overcontrol as well as measures of anxiety and depression. Results showed significant decrease in perfectionism and other symptoms in the IG. Although perceived paternal indifference and abuse could predict perfectionism at pre-intervention, no pre-intervention variable could predict the perfectionism intervention outcome; (4) Conclusions: Overall, the study suggests that maladaptive perfectionism is associated with perceived negative parenting and current anxiety and depression and that a group CBT intervention can address specific dimensions of maladaptive perfectionism.

مستخلص البحث باللغة العربية هدفت الدراسة إلى معرفة العلاقة بين أساليب المعاملة الوالدية کما يدرکها المراهقون، وسلوک التنمر وسلوک ضحايا التنمر وأساليب مواجهة الضغوط النفسية لدى المراهقين. ومدى قدرة أساليب المعاملة الوالدية على التنبؤ بأساليب مواجهة الضغوط النفسية لدى المتنمرين والضحايا. ولمعرفة الفروق بين المتنمرين وضحايا التنمر والطلاب الضحايا- المتنمرين والمحايدين في أساليب المعاملة الوالدية وأساليب مواجهة الضغوط النفسية لدى المراهقين. وقد تکونت عينة الدراسة من 1162 طالبٍ ((127) طالبٍ متنمرٍ- (177) طالبٍ ضحية للتنمر- (38) من الطلاب الضحايا-المتنمرين - (820) عينة المحايدة) تم اختيارهم بطريقة عشوائية من ست مدارس بمحافظة أسيوط (الإعدادية والثانوية)، بمتوسط عمر (15.45) وانحراف معياري (1.011). وتم تطبيق ثلاثة مقاييس: مقياس التنمر/ الضحية، ومقياس أساليب المعاملة الوالدية، ومقياس أساليب مواجهة الضعوط النفسية. وأسفرت النتائج عن وجود علاقة بين أساليب المعاملة الوالدية وبين سلوک التنمر وسلوک ضحايا التنمر، وبين بعض أساليب مواجهة الضعوط النفسية لدى عينة من الطلاب المتنمرين وطلاب ضحايا التنمر. کما أسهمت أساليب المعاملة الوالدية في التنبؤ بسلوک التنمر وبسلوک ضحايا التنمر وبعض أساليب مواجهة الضغوط النفسية لدى الطلاب المتنمرين وطلاب ضحايا التنمر. کما توصلت النتائج أيضاً إلى وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائيا بين الطلاب المتنمرين وطلاب ضحايا التنمر والطلاب الضحايا-المتنمرين والمحايدين) في أساليب المعاملة الوالدية وأساليب مواجهة الضغوط النفسية. Abstract The study aimed to find out the relationship between the styles of parenting as adolescents perceive it, the behavior of bullying, the behavior of victims of bullying and the methods of coping styles of psychological stressors in adolescents. And the ability of parental styles to predict the type coping styles of psychological stressors of bullies and victims. And to find the differences between bullies, victims, victims - bullies and neutral students regarding the parental styles and coping styles of psychological stressors among adolescents. The study sample consisted of 1162 students ((127) bullying students - (177) students victims of bullying - (38) students bulling-victims - (820) neutral samples). They were randomly selected from six schools in Asyut Governorate (preparatory and secondary), with an average age of (15.45) and a standard deviation (1.011). Three scales were applied: the bullying / victim scale, the parent styles scale, and coping strategies of psychological stress scale. The results revealed a relationship between the parental styles and the behavior of bullying and the behavior of the victims of bullying, and between some methods of confronting psychological pressures among a sample of students of bullying and students who are victims of bullying. Parental styles also contributed to predicting the behavior of bullying and the behavior of victims of bullying and some methods of facing psychological stress among students who bully and students who are victims of bullying. The results also found that there were statistically significant differences between students who were bullies, students who were victims of bullying, and students who were victims (bullies and neutrals) in the parental styles and methods of coping with psychological stress.

Parental socialization styles in a sample of Chilean adolescents. The styles of parental socialization (ESP) have been the subject of different studies in the social sciences and especially in psychology due to the consequences that styles can present in the life of a person. The literature has evidence that styles may vary depending on contextual variables such as culture, beliefs, education, family types or socioeconomic levels (NSE). The main objective of the study was to describe the ESP as an approximation to the form of parenting used by parents, mothers or caregivers (PMC) in Chile. A non-experimental-descriptive study was conducted with a sample of 875 adolescents aged between 11 and 18 years (M = 14.12, SD = 1.82), 51% males, of four NSE (low, medium low, medium and medium high) from seven cities in Chile. A sociodemographic survey was used to characterize the sample, and the Styles of Parental Socialization in Adolescence Questionnaire (ESPA29). The results show differences in the configuration of ESP between PMC. In mothers, the configuration of ESP (in descending order) was: democratic, indulgent, negligent and authoritarian and in parents: indulgent, negligent, democratic and authoritarian, there are differences according to NSE. In the low are perceived by their children as mostly forgiving, while in the upper middle, both parents are considered mostly democratic. There are also differences in the ESP configuration according to sex. These results would allow to focus interventions in educational communities on the importance of parenting and differences or characteristics between styles. It can also be useful as a basis for other research on parental consequences in variables such as academic performance, behavioral, emotional and personality problems

Child trauma can lead to the development of a personality fantasy prone and life, to develop paranormal beliefs and experiences as a strategy to cope with anxiety during adulthood. In other words, beliefs and paranormal experiences can be a system of representations that allow us to give sense and meaning to control trauma anxiety, and in general an illusion of control over future disturbing events. There are relatively few studies examining the parental style and para normal experiences/beliefs, therefore, the aim of this study is to measure the dominant parental style of those who have experienced paranormal events and their correlate with negative events in childhood. The Survey of Paranormal Experiences, the Survey of Negative Experiences in Children, and the Scale of Parental Styles were administered to a sample of 644 individuals of both sexes 28 % males and 72 % females (Mean = 28.13 years) in a simple intentional non-probabilistic sampled technique. The results showed high frequency of experiences such as Sense of presence (58 %), Premonitory dreams (56 %), Telepathy (41 %), Mystical experiences (40 %), Apparitions (38 %), and Out-of-Body experiences (25 %). The results confirmed hypotheses which predict (H1) a positive and significant relationship will be found between negative experiences in childhood and the frequency of paranormal experiences in adult life which was confirmed (rs = .27, p < .001); and (H2) individuals who reported a higher frequency of paranormal experiences showed a more Authoritarian parenting style compared to a Negligent, Overprotective, Permissive and Authoritative parenting style, which was confirmed for Mother X2 = 18.24, p < .001, but not for Father, who showed a more Permissive style X2 = 8.11, p < .001 compared to a negligent, overprotective, authoritarian and authoritative parenting style. The results here support, in part, the idea that adult paranormality is an adaptive mechanism that helps individuals cope with an absence of control in childhood. For example, when the parents do not meet the physical, psychological, and/or emotional needs of the child, who ends up being explicitly insulted, ridiculed, shouted at, emotionally manipulated, or unfairly blamed by parents- One possible interpretation is that traumatic events in childhood are not only the source for the emergence of other paranormal experiences but a permissive and negligent parental style helps to reinforce the way in which these negative experiences are processed cognitive and emotionally. The parental bond in childhood and throughout life, can also function as a modulator of the occurrence of the paranormal experience. The parental bond in childhood and throughout life, can also function as a modulator of the occurrence of the paranormal experience. Consequently, the behavior of the parents is an easily available model that children imitate involuntarily. The parental bond in childhood and throughout life can also function as a modulator of the occurrence of paranormal experiences and, to some extent, its cognitive adaptation. In this way, internalization can be a much more active process by which parents strive to inculcate their own beliefs in their children, which may involve an explicit program of instruction and positive encouragement but sometimes a degree of coercion and punishment for their breach as well. Therefore, through the process of internalization, the parents' beliefs can be assimilated into the children's own frame of reference and their anomalous experiences. Parents showed a more permissive parenting style, characterized by greater receptivity than demand, that is, parents are more lenient and tended to give in to the demands of their children and give them support, this parenting style significantly favored such paranormal experiences as sense of presence and "seeing" ghosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction: The present paper aims to identify and characterize studies that assess the repercussions of parental rearing styles on development of psychopathological symptoms and to examine the possible relations between parental rearing behaviors and development of early maladaptive schemas (EMS). Methods: A systematic search was conducted on the PsychNet, BVS, Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases for empirical studies published up to 2018 in Portuguese, English, or Spanish that investigated and characterized the effects of parental rearing styles. Results: The electronic search identified 321 articles on the various different databases, only 22 of which met the criteria for inclusion and were read in full. Correlations were found between EMS and maternal rejection, parental rearing styles and depression in the studies. EMS were also found to act as mediators in the relationship between parental rearing styles and/or education and dysfunctional symptoms during personality development. Conclusions: In the studies selected, parental rearing styles stood out from other variables that influence personality development and activation of schematic patterns. It is therefore important to highlight the importance of conducting studies in this area to provide information that can promote care and prevention strategies in early childhood.

Abstract The relationship between parents and children and human development has been the greatest interest to Psychology because it impacts the youth’s behaviour and well being. Thus, this study aimed to investigate parental styles adopted by adolescents’ parents from a combination of responsiveness and demandingness dimensions as well as by gender and age group. 296 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years (M=16.03; DP=0.96), high school students from public and private schools in the city of Passo Fundo/RS and surrounding area participated of this study. We used a sociodemographic data questionnaire constructed for the study and Scale of Parental Responsiveness and Demandingness. The analysis revealed that there was a balance between the perception of neglectful (33.1%) e authoritative (32.7%) styles, followed by authoritarian (17.3%) and permissive (16.9%) styles. There were no statistical differences between responsiveness and demandingness and sex. The younger adolescents perceive their mothers as significantly more demanding when compared to the older ones. The same occured with the combined demandingness. The results also indicate that there were statistically significant differences in the perception of responsiveness and demandingness by age group. The findings of this study suggest further investigations, relating parental styles with other variables of influence and evidence the need of parental training for parents who adopt neglectful style.

Background: Prior research has partially verified the significance of child temperament and styles of upbringing for schema intensity. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the inter-relations between them. Aim: The present study examined how temperament (stable and labile) and style of parenting (positive and negative) are related to each other, and to early maladaptive schemas. Method: Participants (395 healthy adults) completed the Young Schema Questionnaire YSQ-S3 and the Retrospective Assessment of Parents' Attitudes and Formal Characteristic of Behaviour – Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI). Structural equation modelling was used to verify hypotheses. Results: Temperament and parental styles together explain more than 59% of the variance of schema intensity. The obtained path coefficients show one-way directions of inter-relations. Stable temperament connects to schemas directly with a negative path coefficient. Labile temperament shows a significant positive association with negative parental attitudes, but not directly with schemas. Negative parenting is positively connected with schemas. A positive style of parenting is not significantly connected with temperament and schemas. Conclusions: Results show evidence that negative style of parenting and labile temperament features are more important for schema developing and may be treated as risk factors. Because temperament seems to be a relatively persistent feature, it may play a similar role in adulthood, reinforcing emotions and feelings in the context of environment, and then maintain the schemas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Choosing the right childcare service for one's child to compensate for parents' professional working time is a significantly important decision for a mother. The study aimed to analyze whether parental styles are predictors of satisfaction with childcare services among mothers. This link was tested on a sample that consisted of 200 adult women (Mage = 32.39 years; SDage = 4.47) who were mothers of children aged 18 to 36 months. The results indicated that accepting and autonomous parenting styles were related to higher satisfaction with childcare services. In contrast, excessively demanding, protective, and inconsistent parenting styles were related to lower satisfaction with childcare services. However, given the intercorrelations between parenting styles, we found that two of them sufficiently predicted satisfaction with childcare services: acceptance (positively) and overly protective style (negatively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nasleđe is the property of University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Philology & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Emotional intelligence (EI) has a significant role in psychological well-being and is affected by parenting styles. There is no evidence about this relationship in countries with the impact of Confucianism and feudalism, in which parents use authoritarian caregiving to foster their children. The aim of the current study was to examine the association between parenting styles and EI among Vietnamese adolescents. This is a cross-sectional school survey using multilevel regression analyses controlling for potential confounders and school cluster effects. The principal data sources were the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire—Adolescent Short Form, which has been translated into Vietnamese, and the locally validated Parental Bonding Instrument, which assesses three main parenting styles: warmth, overprotectiveness, and authoritarianism. Results from 1,593 students revealed that boys had significantly higher overall EI, Well-Being, and Self-Control subscale scores than girls. The warmth of parents during childhood was associated with higher EI, while overprotectiveness and authoritarianism from mothers were associated with lower EI among adolescents. This study supports the impact of parenting styles on EI. The warmth and care from both mother and father will benefit the emotional development of their children in Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of IUG Journal of Educational & Psychological Studies is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study explores data collected in the psychological evaluation of transgender youth and their families who seek healthcare at the Gender Identity Program. Great psychosocial changes mark the transition from infancy to adulthood. Transgender youth may have these aspects of their developmental stage potentialized. A study was conducted with 23 transgender youth (mean age = 14 ± 2.38 years) and their caregivers. Eleven of the youngsters were assigned male at birth, while 12 were assigned female. The research protocol consisted of a survey and systematization of the data collected in the initial global psychological evaluation performed at the healthcare facility, including house-tree-person (HTP) projective drawings and the parental styles inventory. The present study aimed to explore the data collected during the psychological evaluation of youngsters diagnosed with gender incongruence, relating the HTP projective drawing technique to parental styles and gender trajectories. The results indicate two key points. One evidenced that parental styles could be either preventive or risk components in maintaining adequate socialization in these young people but not in affecting the level of gender dysphoria. The other was that coherence is introduced in the person’s perception of his or her projected self-image and his or her expressed gender as he/she becomes more comfortable in expressing his/her gender identity. Treating youngsters inherently brings ethical issues to clinical practice. Thus, global psychological evaluation tailored to this population is a fundamental resource that the psychology professional can use in consultations with youngsters because this tool brings a global understanding about the natural development cycle, facilitating the formulation of therapeutic conducts and exchanges within interdisciplinary transgender health care teams.

The present study explores data collected in the psychological evaluation of transgender youth and their families who seek healthcare at the Gender Identity Program. Great psychosocial changes mark the transition from infancy to adulthood. Transgender youth may have these aspects of their developmental stage potentialized. A study was conducted with 23 transgender youth (mean age = 14 ± 2.38 years) and their caregivers. Eleven of the youngsters were assigned male at birth, while 12 were assigned female. The research protocol consisted of a survey and systematization of the data collected in the initial global psychological evaluation performed at the healthcare facility, including house-tree-person (HTP) projective drawings and the parental styles inventory. The present study aimed to explore the data collected during the psychological evaluation of youngsters diagnosed with gender incongruence, relating the HTP projective drawing technique to parental styles and gender trajectories. The results indicate two key points. One evidenced that parental styles could be either preventive or risk components in maintaining adequate socialization in these young people but not in affecting the level of gender dysphoria. The other was that coherence is introduced in the person's perception of his or her projected self-image and his or her expressed gender as he/she becomes more comfortable in expressing his/her gender identity. Treating youngsters inherently brings ethical issues to clinical practice. Thus, global psychological evaluation tailored to this population is a fundamental resource that the psychology professional can use in consultations with youngsters because this tool brings a global understanding about the natural development cycle, facilitating the formulation of therapeutic conducts and exchanges within interdisciplinary transgender health care teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purposes of this study were to perform a psychometric analysis of the Parental Educational Styles Questionnaire and to evaluate its predictive validity on externalizing and internalizing problems in Colombian children. Participants were 680 parents (M = 37.34; SD = 9.2) of children aged between 8 and 12 years enrolled in public schools in Bogota, Colombia. The parental educational styles questionnaire and the child behavior checklist -parents format- were applied to the participants. The resulting model presents the best indicators of favorable fit according to confirmatory factorial analyses. These values show an internal consistence of the instrument. The results indicate that dysfunctional reaction to disobedience, communication difficulties and conflicts predicted internalizing and externalizing problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The link between inappropriate parenting style and both bullying and victimization is well documented. However, it is not clear as to which kind of parenting style is associated with victimization. Furthermore, no studies have yet been conducted regarding the role of parental stress in bullying and victimization. This study aimed to examine the role of parenting styles and maternal stress in pupils' bullying and victimization. A total of 300 primary school pupils, enrolled in fourth and fifth grades, participated in the study. Initially, 100 noninvolved pupils were randomly selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. Then using a screening method, 100 bully pupils and 100 victimized peers were selected. Olweus Bullying Scale and teacher nomination were administered for screening these pupils. Baumrind Parenting Style Questionnaire and revised version of Abidin Parental Stress Index (short form) were also applied to all pupils in the study. Data were analyzed using discriminant function analysis. The findings showed that (a) with regard to parenting styles, significant differences were found among groups. Authoritarian parenting style could significantly predict pupils' bullying behavior, whereas victimization was predictable in families with permissive parenting style. In addition, noninvolved pupils were predicted to have authoritative parenting style. (b) Considering maternal stress, significant differences were observed across groups. Parents of bullies and victims were predicted to have higher maternal stress than noninvolved pupils. The implications of the study in relation to the role of mothers in bullying and victimization are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The present paper aims to identify and characterize studies that assess the repercussions of parental rearing styles on development of psychopathological symptoms and to examine the possible relations between parental rearing behaviors and development of early maladaptive schemas (EMS). Methods: A systematic search was conducted on the PsychNet, BVS, Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases for empirical studies published up to 2018 in Portuguese, English, or Spanish that investigated and characterized the effects of parental rearing styles. Results: The electronic search identified 321 articles on the various different databases, only 22 of which met the criteria for inclusion and were read in full. Correlations were found between EMS and maternal rejection, parental rearing styles and depression in the studies. EMS were also found to act as mediators in the relationship between parental rearing styles and/or education and dysfunctional symptoms during personality development. Conclusions: In the studies selected, parental rearing styles stood out from other variables that influence personality development and activation of schematic patterns. It is therefore important to highlight the importance of conducting studies in this area to provide information that can promote care and prevention strategies in early childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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There are relatively few studies examining the parental style, childhood trauma, and paranormal experiences/beliefs; therefore, the aim of this study is to measure the dominant parental style of those who have experienced paranormal events and their correlation with negative events in childhood and resilience. Four questionnaires were administered to 644 participants. The results showed high frequency of experiences such as sense of presence, premonitory dreams, telepathy, mystical experiences, apparitions, and out-of-body experiences, among others. The results confirmed three hypotheses that predict a positive and significant correlation between the paranormal experiences in adult life and negative experiences in childhood, such as abuse and neglect. One possible interpretation is that "flexible" parental style is the more permissive ones (greater openness and sensitivity to capture alternative realities), in contrast to "rigid" parental style (whose perspectives generate restrictions to capitalize on the unconventional experiences of their children). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to verify the relationship between attachment representations associated to parents and romantic partners when experiencing relational stress. A semi-structured interview focused on attachment representations was used for this purpose and was applied to sixty adults. The results indicated similarities between attachment representations regarding to parents and to individuals experiencing stress within their romantic relationship. These similarities were more systematic among representations associated with mothers and with the first significant partners. It seems that, when insecurity of attachment was internalized from parental relationship, this pattern could be reactivated on romantic relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The main aim of the present study was to test Rogers’ theory, stating that parental styles characterized by unconditional positive regard (UPR) promote healthier adults than parental styles characterized by conditional regard (CR). For both caregivers CR was found to be associated with significantly higher scores on psychological complaints than UPR (on nearly all SCL-90 scales and the SCL-total score), even when controlling for gender. Although lack of emotional warmth by the father and harsh discipline by the mother were significant predictors of SCL-90-Total (indicating state neuroticism) it should be noted that both variables only explained a small amount of the total variance. Empirical evidence was found for Rogers’ theory. Others factors than merely emotional warmth and discipline play a role in the etiology of state neuroticism. For future research it is therefore recommended to include other factors, such as daily worries, temperament, and alexithymia

The relationship between parents and children and human development has been the greatest interest to Psychology because it impacts the youth's behaviour and well being. Thus, this study aimed to investigate parental styles adopted by adolescents' parents from a combination of responsiveness and demandingness dimensions as well as by gender and age group. 296 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years (M=16.03; DP=0.96), high school students from public and private schools in the city of Passo Fundo/RS and surrounding area participated of this study. We used a sociodemographic data questionnaire constructed for the study and Scale of Parental Responsiveness and Demandingness. The analysis revealed that there was a balance between the perception of neglectful (33.1%) e authoritative (32.7%) styles, followed by authoritarian (17.3%) and permissive (16.9%) styles. There were no statistical differences between responsiveness and demandingness and sex. The younger adolescents perceive their mothers as significantly more demanding when compared to the older ones. The same occured with the combined demandingness. The results also indicate that there were statistically significant differences in the perception of responsiveness and demandingness by age group. The findings of this study suggest further investigations, relating parental styles with other variables of influence and evidence the need of parental training for parents who adopt neglectful style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potentially gendered influence of experienced parental authority style on individual accounting students’ academic performance at a large South African university. Data were collected from first-year accountancy students and 953 usable responses were analysed using structural equation modelling. Tests of path invariance were also used to test the moderating influence of gender on the relationships between exposure to parenting style and student performance. Exposure to an authoritarian parental style was found to be negatively associated with student performance. Gender was found to moderate the relationship between exposure to authoritative parenting style and student performance. Experience of an authoritarian parental style was found to be associated with a host of variables representing socio-economic disadvantage. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that the influence of legacy parental style effects may be persistent for individuals who enter university for accountancy studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decades, the bullying phenomenon had countless repercussions, however, it still remains an issue that need to be addressed according to a comprehensive and relational approach of young's experiences. The present study aims to analyse the perceived parenting styles (either to mother or the father) and to test their involvement on bullying behaviours, as well as to test the mediating role of the psychopathological symptomatology in last association. The study sample consisted of 1976 adolescents and young adults aged between 14 and 25 years old (M = 17.22, SD = 2.50). The results indicate a significant effect of parenting styles regarding to bullying behaviours, as well as the existence of a mediation role of psychopathological symptomatology in the association between parenting styles and bullying behaviours. The results will be discussed in light of Baumrind's theory, assuming the importance of parenting styles to the psychological and behavioural development in adolescents and young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of studies support a positive and significant relationship between the frequency of paranormal experiences and childhood trauma which could be "modulated" by negative parenting styles. This study evaluates the dominant parental style of those who have had paranormal experiences and their relation to traumatic events in childhood. Individuals who reported paranormal experiences (N = 63) and a control group (N = 53) without experience were recruited. Three instruments for both groups to evaluate the type and frequency of paranormal experiences, negative experiences in childhood and parenting styles were administered. The results showed that the most frequent experiences are the psychic dreams, the mystical experiences, the feeling of presence and deja-vu. These people tend to show a greater childhood trauma experience than the control group, specially the sex-abuse. Besides, those who tended to show greater frequency of paranormal experiences used to receive greater indifference from their parents. These paranormal experiences are likely to be developed as an answer beyond the standard boundaries and a way to face the parental indifference during the childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicidal ideations in adolescents, paternal affiliations and attachment to peers. This study analyzes possible predictors variables about suicidal ideation in nonclínical teenagers, like parental socialization style (authoritarian, authoritative, indulgent and negligent) and attachment to peers. The sample is formed by 204 Spanish students from different academic centers whose age are between 12 and 18 years (M= 14.29; SD= 1.59). The results wich have been got have revealed greater suicidal ideation in teenagers with a low level of trust and communication in their relationship with their peers, as in those ones with authoritarian and negligent parents. It has not been observed differences between genus or age ranges. In agreement with the suicidal negative ideation explicative model, has been found peer alienation group, in the same form, having an authoritarian mother, establish risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]