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Background: Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) appears to be safe and effective for hair loss. Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) also has a positive biological effect on hair re‐growth. Objectives: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of both PBMT and PEMF for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Materials and Methods: This study was a 24‐week, randomized, double‐blind, sham device‐controlled trial. We recruited 80 subjects with androgenetic alopecia. The subjects got treatment every week for the 1st 12 weeks, every other week for the next 8 weeks. PBMT entails 15‐min therapy, and PEMF was carried out for 10 min. Results: The baseline hair density was 114.57 (±28.75)/cm2 and 113.31 (±30.07)/cm2 in both treatment and control groups. After 24 weeks of treatment, the mean hair density increased to 139.37 (±31.4)/cm2 in the treatment group but only to 119.78 (±31.92)/cm2 in the control group. The difference between two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Based on the global assessment of independent experts, the score was 0.41 (±0.62) in the treatment group and 0.07 (±0.45) in the control group. Only very mild erythema or irritation was reported, and no serious adverse reactions were reported. Conclusions: A combination of PBMT and PEMF is a valid and safe treatment option for AGA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 38-year-old man who had developed hair transplantation-induced trichorrhexis nodosa. The man had demonstrated Norwood-Hamilton Class IVa male pattern baldness during hair transplantation in 2008. Histopathological test of scalp biopsy revealed a fibrous tract around the transplanted follicle. The article discusses how trichorrhexis nodosa develops and the causes of it.

The article presents a case study of a 60-year-old woman who was referred to a dermatologic clinic for the treatment of a pigmented, ulcerative mass in the melolabial sulcus. Histopathologic examination showed basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and the lesion was removed with the two-stage Mohs micrographic surgery. The study indicated that local skin flaps are preferred for melolabial fold repairs, however, classic local skin flaps and skin grafts often fail to achieve acceptable aesthetic outcomes.

BACKGROUND Palmar hyperhidrosis is characterized by excessive sweating on the palm, and among the various treatment modalities, tap water iontophoresis has been widely used. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a new “dry-type” iontophoretic device that was locally manufactured and did not use tap water to control sweating. METHODS Ten subjects with palmar hyperhidrosis were enrolled in this study. To be treated the patients were instructed that they only have to grasp the device. Only one palm was treated for 2 weeks, and then the treatment was discontinued the following next 2 weeks. The other palm was not treated as a control. At the end of second week, biopsy specimens were obtained from untreated and treated palm, respectively, and examined histologically. RESULTS Nine of 10 patients were satisfied with this therapy reducing their sweat outputs from 33% to 51% of baseline at the end of 2 weeks' treatment, and after 2 weeks of discontinuation of treatment sweat productions returned to near baseline. The pathologic examinations showed some occlusions and destruction of intraepithelial eccrine ducts only in the treated palm. CONCLUSION We suggest that dry-type iontophoresis could reduce palmar sweating more conveniently than other conventional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Despite the importance of self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) for management of diabetes mellitus (DM), frequent blood sampling is discouraged by bleeding risk due to dual-antiplatelet agent therapy (DAPT) or thrombocytopenia. Methods: We compared the bleeding time (BT) of sampling by using a laser-lancing-device (LMT-1000) and a conventional lancet in patients with DM and thrombocytopenia or patients undergoing DAPT. BT was measured using the Duke method, and pain and satisfaction scores were assessed using numeric rating scale (NRS) and visual analog scale (VAS). The consistency in the values of glucose and glycated-hemoglobin (HbA1c) sampled using the LMT-1000 or lancet were compared. Results: The BT of sampling with the LMT-1000 was shorter than that with the lancet in patients with thrombocytopenia (60s vs. 85s, P = 0.024). The NRS was lower and the VAS was higher in laser-applied-sampling than lancet-applied sampling in the DAPT-user group (NRS: 1 vs. 2, P = 0.010; VAS: 7 vs. 6, P = 0.003), whereas the group with thrombocytopenia only showed improvement in the VAS score (8 vs. 7, P = 0.049). Glucose and HbA1c sampled by the LMT-1000 and lancet were significantly correlated in both the DAPT-user and the thrombocytopenia groups. Conclusion: The LMT-1000 can promote SMBG by shortening BT in subject with thrombocytopenia and by increasing satisfaction score, as well as by showing reliable glucose and HbA1c value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While many gene expression studies have focused on male pattern baldness (MPB), few studies have investigated the genetic differences between bald and non-bald hair follicles in female pattern hair loss (FPHL). This study aimed to identify molecular biomarkers associated with FPHL through genetic analysis of paired bald and non-bald hair follicles from 18 FPHL patients, using next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. RNA transcriptome analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between bald and non-bald hair follicles in FPHL. The DEGs were validated using real-time PCR, and protein expression was confirmed through immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Our findings suggest that HOXB13, SFRP2, PTGDS, CXCR3, SFRP4, SOD3, and DCN are significantly upregulated in bald hair follicles compared to non-bald hair follicles in FPHL. SFRP2 and PTGDS were found to be consistently highly expressed in bald hair follicles in all 18 samples. Additionally, elevated protein levels of SFRP2 and PTGDS were confirmed through western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. Our study identified SFRP2 and PTGDS as potential biomarkers for FPHL and suggests that they may play a role in inducing hair loss in this condition. These findings provide a foundation for further research on the pathogenesis of FPHL and potential therapeutic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new study published in the Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology & Venereology presents a cost-effective and flexible Phototrichogram (PTG) software solution for quantitative hair analysis. The software allows the usage of almost any modern camera and maintains hair count accuracy even when using different camera types through a calibration method. The study demonstrates the reliability of the software in providing precise hair counts using various camera models. The software has the potential to improve the reliance and cost-effectiveness of PTG analysis for hair treatment among doctors and researchers. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Many candidate genes for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) have been identified in studies of the Caucasians and some Asian populations. Aims: This study aimed to confirm the known susceptibility genes reported in previous studies and find additional candidate genes for high‐risk individuals for AGA in Korean population. Patients/Methods: We recapitulated the previously reported SNPs and identified the novel Korean AGA risk genetic variants using a Korean hospital‐based AGA case and control samples. The population was consisting of 494 individuals (275 AGA cases and 146 controls). Using the 800 K SNPs of precision medical research array (PMRA SNP microarray chip) and imputation‐based SNPs, 12 previous GWAS reports for AGA and a total of 62 160 SNPs were examined in our study samples. Also, we conducted the genome‐wide association study (GWAS) by the logistic regression analyses for AGA cases and controls with controlling the age as the covariates. Results: Among the 62 160 SNPs, a total of 1143 SNPs in 76 gene regions showed weak replication tendency with the p‐values <0.05 and same direction of effects. Additionally, the GWAS results showed 110 SNPs in 13 independent regions with the suggestive p‐values <1.00 × 10−5. The most significantly replicated SNP resided on chromosome 20, which were similar to other AGA replication studies including Chinese study. The GWAS identified two SNPs (rs11010734 and rs2420640) increasing the risk for AGA in our study population. Conclusions: Our study would be a reference of the non‐European studies to better understand AGA in different populations and ancestral contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work experimentally determined the effect of microwave treatment on the disintegration and acidogenesis of waste-activated sludges (WAS) from municipal and coke wastewater treatment plants. Sludge samples (500 g) were heated for 0, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 15 min in a microwave oven (2,450 MHz, 700 W). The degree of sludge solubilization [soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD)/COD] increased asymptotically with microwave irradiation time from 1.5% at 0 min to 22.3% at 15 min for WAS from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WASM) and 1.5% to 5.1% for WAS from a coke wastewater treatment plant of a steel manufacturing industry (WASC). The calcium concentrations in both sludges also increased with microwave irradiation time. The biochemical acidogenic potentials (BAP) increased from 3.70 to 4.44 g COD L-1 for WASM and 1.19 to 1.67 g COD L-1 for WASC. The results show that microwave irradiation increases the solubilization and BAP of sludges and that WASM had a higher degree of solubilization and BAP than WASC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of applications of human adipose tissue stem cell-derived exosomes have been suggested as novel cell-free therapeutic strategies in the regenerative and aesthetic medical fields. This study evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of adipose tissue stem cell- derived exosomes as an adjuvant therapy after application of fractional CO2 laser for acne scars. A 12-week prospective, double-blind, randomized, split-face trial was performed. A total of 25 patients received three consecutive treatment sessions of fractional CO2 laser to the whole face, with a follow-up evaluation. Postlaser treatment regimens were applied; for each patient, one side of the face was treated with adipose tissue stem cell-derived exosomes gel and the other side was treated with control gel. Adipose tissue stem cell-derived exosomes-treated sides had achieved a significantly greater improvement than the control sides at the final follow-up visit (percentage reduction in échelle d'évaluation clinique des cicatrices d'acné scores: 32.5 vs 19.9%, p < 0.01). Treatment-related erythema was milder, and post-treatment downtime was shorter on the human adipose tissue stem cell-derived exosomes-treated side. In conclusion, the combined use of this novel material with resurfacing devices would provide synergistic effects on both the efficacy and safety of atrophic acne scar treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/purpose: Ultraviolet B (UVB) laser irradiation in a targeted manner is a reasonable treatment option for localized vitiligo. Recently, narrow‐band UVB gain‐switched 311‐nm titanium:sapphire lasers (TSL) were developed for the treatment of localized vitiligo. We aimed to compare efficacy, patient satisfaction, and safety between the conventional 308‐nm excimer laser (EL) and gain‐switched 311‐nm TSL in patients with vitiligo. Methods: The 13‐paired lesions from 10 patients who had small vitiligo patches were included in this prospective intra‐patient comparison trial. Each pair was randomly assigned to each laser treatment group and treated twice weekly for 12 weeks. The global photographic assessments by dermatologists, objective numerical assessments by imaging analyzer, and patient's satisfaction were used to evaluate the effectiveness. Adverse effects were also investigated at every visit. Results: All treated lesions showed improvement of about 50% after 12 weeks. There was no significant difference between EL‐ and TSL‐treated groups. Patient satisfaction and preference among the groups were also similar. Regarding safety, there were no serious adverse effects requiring cessation of the treatments; however, the severity score for persistent erythema (lasting >24 hours) was significantly lower in the TSL group than in the EL group. Conclusions: The gain‐switched 311‐nm TSL exhibited similar efficacy to the 308‐nm EL in treating vitiligo as well as improved safety. Therefore, the 311‐nm TSL is considered as a candidate device to replace the EL as a new and promising treatment option for localized vitiligo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hair growth, a complex process, has long been the subject of intense research. Recent developments in material technology have revealed boehmite as a new therapeutic modality for use in wound healing and scar reduction, indicating its beneficial effects. Nonetheless, the biological bases of the beneficial effects of boehmite remain unknown. We investigated the hair growth properties of boehmite in vitro and in vivo and observed dose‐dependent proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) in vitro and hair regrowth in a mouse model. To investigate the effects of boehmite on the promotion of cell transition to the anagen phase, we evaluated hDPC viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, protein expression and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion in vitro and assessed the anagen‐promoting effects of boehmite via gross observation and histological analysis in a mouse model. Boehmite increased hDPC viability, ALP activity, AKT/GSK3ß/ß‐catenin pathway activity, anagen‐related gene expression and VEGF secretion; moreover, it accelerated hair regrowth in a catagen‐anagen transition model via upregulation of β‐catenin signalling and follicular cell proliferation. Collectively, our results indicate that boehmite accelerates hair growth, partly via its effects on critical events in the active phase of the hair follicle cycle, including the promotion of the proliferation of hDPCs and their immediate progeny to the follicle base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histopathological features of early-stage MF include a lichenoid lymphocytic infiltrate, linear accumulation of atypical lymphocytes along the basal epidermis and epidermotropism of atypical lymphocytes, without spongiosis. We report a rare case of early-stage MF showing a CD4/CD8 double-negative immunophenotype with CD30 expression. Moreover, loss of CD4 with acquisition of CD30 expression in the early-stage MF does not necessarily imply disease progression, but merely represents an activated T-cell phenotype. [Extracted from the article]

Summary: Background: A 595‐nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) and the fractional 532‐nm potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser have also been demonstrated to be effective for facial telangiectasias. Objective: To compare the clinical therapeutic effects of a fractional 532‐nm KTP laser with those of a 595‐nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) for treating facial erythematous skin lesions. Methods: Twenty healthy adults with facial erythematous skin lesions were treated using a fractional 532‐nm KTP laser on one side of the face and a 595‐nm PDL on the other cheek. Three treatments were administered at 4‐week intervals. The degree of improvement in facial telangiectasias was evaluated by colorimeter analysis, a physician's assessment using clinical photographs, and the subject's self‐assessment. Results: In the physician's assessment with clinical photography, a significant improvement was observed from baseline to posttreatment in both groups. As measured by a colorimeter, the a* value decreased from 16.23 (±2.81) to 12.22 (±2.75) in the 595‐nm PDL group and from 16.02 (±2.93) to 12.77 (±2.77) in the fractional 532‐nm KTP laser group. The a* value showed a significant reduction in both groups (P < .0001). There was no significant difference in efficacy between the two groups. In the subjective self‐assessment, scores improved by 1.68 (±0.95) in the fractional 532‐nm KTP laser group and by 1.78 (±0.92) in the 595‐nm PDL group. Conclusion: A fractional 532‐nm KTP laser is a valid option for the treatment of facial erythematous skin lesions with telangiectasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Picosecond lasers have emerged as the leading technology for tattoo removal due to their shorter pulse lengths. To clarify the features of picosecond lasers, we compared picosecond and nanosecond lasers in their ability to remove multi-colored tattoo in an animal model. We first compared a nanosecond quality-switched Nd:YAG laser with picosecond Alexandrite and quality-switched Nd:YAG lasers and then the picosecond quality-switched Nd:YAG laser with the picosecond Alexandrite laser, using a guinea pig model. The colors in the tattoos included red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and black. Guinea pigs were treated for one session with each type of laser. The clearance of pigmentation and local reactions were evaluated based on clinical photographic assessment, quantitative assessment using a colorimeter, histopathology, and electron microscopic examination before laser treatment, immediately after, and at 3 weeks after the treatment. Regardless of pulse duration, a 532-nm laser was the most effective in clearing red, orange, and yellow pigments, although the overall effect and safety was better with the picosecond 532 nm laser. A picosecond 755 nm laser demonstrated excellent efficacy in removing only green and blue pigments. a picosecond 1064 nm laser demonstrated some effects on non-black colored tattoos. In terms of safety, picosecond lasers produced less tissue injury than nanosecond lasers. Conclusively, picosecond lasers are more effective and safer than nanosecond lasers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessment of exposure to cosmetic products via the skin is important for evaluating the risks associated with the use of these products. However, few exposure studies have been conducted with babies, particularly in Asia. The aim of our study was to assess the exposure to selected cosmetic products in babies under the age of 36 months, over both winter and summer months. We evaluated exposure for seven cosmetic baby care products identified in a previous web-based survey as being commonly used by Korean parents. Parents were instructed to use their baby's products as per their usual habit, recording usage for each product on a daily basis over a 14-day period. Products were weighed at the start and completion of the study, with the change in weight used to determine the total amount of product used. Descriptive statistics for daily exposure were calculated. In this study, daily exposure for different products was influenced by sex, age groups and seasons. Of specific note, 3.51% of the lotion in a wet wipe was transferred to the skin. In conclusion, we provide baseline exposure data for baby products, with exposure being based on parents' usual use of the products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The exact physiological function of REIC/Dkk-3 in the development of squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) remains unclear. Objective We aimed to investigate the expression pattern and functional role of REIC/Dkk-3 in the development of SCC. Methods We stained normal skin, actinic keratosis (AK) and SCC tissue with REIC/Dkk-3. The proliferation and migration of SCC 12 over-expressed with REIC/Dkk-3 were observed. For in vivo study, SCC12 cells in PBS, SCC12 cells containing LacZ, and REIC/Dkk-3-transduced SCC 12 cells were injected intra-dermally into the left and right backside flanks of SCID mice respectively, and tumor growth was evaluated. Results REIC/Dkk-3 staining was detected throughout the full epidermis in normal skin, focally positive in AK. Negative or very low stain of REIC/Dkk-3 was observed in SCC in situ, keratoacanthoma, and SCC. REIC/Dkk-3 mRNA level in SCC was very low compared with that in normal skin tissue. REIC/Dkk-3 significantly decreased the proliferation and migration of SCC12 cells comparing with control (p < 0.05). Cyclin D1 and CDK4/6 expression was slightly lower and p21 was very higher in REIC/Dkk-3-overexpressed group than in the LacZ group. Fewer ITGA6 cells were found in the REIC/Dkk-3 overexpressed group than in the LacZ control (p < 0.01). Mean tumor volume was smallest in the REIC/Dkk-3 overexpressed group (p < 0.01) 21 days after the intradermal injection of SCC12 cells. Conclusion REIC/Dkk-3 could be involved early in SCC development and have inhibitory effect on the development of SCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Androgenic alopecia is a hair loss disease mediated by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and is currently treated using minoxidil, finasteride, or low-level laser therapy. However, these treatments have side-effects, indicating the need for an alternative treatment. In the present study, it was demonstrated that inaudible sound at 30 kHz significantly induced proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects in human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) and outer root sheath keratinocytes. Cell viability assay, ELISA, reverse transcription quantitative PCR and TUNEL assays were performed to evaluate the effect of inaudible sound. Inaudible sound was also demonstrated to significantly inhibit the hair loss signals induced by DHT treatment in hDPCs. Furthermore, inaudible sound significantly induced hair follicle (HF) elongation and hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation in human HF organ culture. Overall, the results suggested that inaudible sound may be effective in treating hair loss and could be used to develop a new hair loss treatment approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The smectite-to-illite reaction, termed illitization, is a ubiquitous process in siliciclastic sedimentary environments and plays a significant role in biogeochemical cycling, plant nutrition, petroleum maturation/migration, particle dispersion–aggregation, and contaminant uptake. The change in the redox state of structural Fe in smectite as a consequence of microbial Fe respiration, in part, controls the physicochemical properties of smectite, but knowledge of the chemical/structural modification at a nanoscale, particularly the reversibility of the structure and K fixation at various Fe-redox states that could control illitization, is limited. The present study focused on measuring indicators of illitization at a nanoscale, utilizing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), as well as chemical analysis, including cation exchange capacity (CEC) and Fe(III) reduction. Nontronite (NAu-1) of the size fraction less than 0.2μm was inoculated with the Fe-reducing bacteria Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in M1 medium with structural Fe(III) in NAu-1 as the sole electron acceptor and Na-lactate as the electron donor. Incubation continued for up to 12months in an anaerobic chamber. Two sets of microbial structural Fe(III) reduction experiments were performed, and then one set was re-oxidized by bubbling pure oxygen gas through an autoclaved needle for 24h. The reaction was stopped at various time points by freezing the samples with liquid N2. The extent of Fe(III) reduction reached 26%; 5% of residual Fe(II) was detected upon re-oxidation. TEM and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed the presence of an illite-like packet with collapsed 10-Å basal spacing in the Fe-reduced nontronite sample and permanently fixed K after long-term incubation. The proportion of K fixation in the interlayer increased with the extent of Fe(III) reduction and the amount of residual Fe(II) upon re-oxidation. The values of CEC increased corresponding to the extent of Fe(III) reduction; the CEC was not restored after re-oxidation, most likely due to the increase in residual Fe(II), secondary phase mineral (vivianite) precipitation, and permanent K fixation. Nondestructive THz-TDS depicted the chemical/structural modification of bioreduced nontronite and its reversibility. In the present study, true illite was not formed because of the low value of Al/Si; however, the progressive increase in K/(K+2Ca) and Al/Si in the packets of 10-Å layers as well as the chemical/structural irreversibility upon re-oxidation with increasing incubation time strongly suggested illitization. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

BACKGROUND A solution of 3% hydrogen peroxide is one of the most widely used antiseptics to decrease bacterial colonization. OBJECTIVE We performed this study to evaluate influence of 3% hydrogen peroxide on the survival rate of hair grafts. METHODS We designed two templates on both frontoparietal recesses of five patients with male pattern alopecia. Follicular units containing single hairs were obtained from occiput. We grafted approximately 50 follicular units on each template. The gauze with normal saline was applied on the left template and the gauze with 3% hydrogen peroxide on the right template for 5 minutes. This procedure was repeated four times at 30-minute intervals. The number of surviving hairs of each template was counted 3 and 10 months after hair transplantation. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in the mean survival rate of the grafts between hydrogen peroxide and normal saline 3 and 10 months after transplantation (Mann–Whitney test, p>.05). CONCLUSION We think surgical wound care with 3% hydrogen peroxide during hair restoration surgery does not affect the survival rate of hair grafts when compared with normal saline. We also need further evaluation with larger participants to overcome small sample size and to gather other information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of quercitrin, a major constituent of Hottuynia cordata extract, for its hair growth stimulating activities in cultured human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs). Quercitrin enhanced the cell viability and cellular energy metabolism in cultured hDPCs by stimulating the production of NAD(P)H and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ). The expression of Bcl2, an essential marker for anagen hair follicle and cell survival, was increased by quercitrin treatment. Quercitrin also increased the cell proliferation marker Ki67. The expression of growth factors—such as bFGF, KGF, PDGF-AA, and VEGF—were increased by quercitrin both in mRNA and protein levels. In addition, quercitrin was found to increase the phosphorylation of Akt, Erk, and CREB in cultured hDPCs, while inhibitors of MAPKs reversed the effects of quercitrin. Finally, quercitrin stimulated hair shaft growth in cultured human hair follicles. Our data obtained from present study are in line with those previously reported and demonstrate that quercitrin is (one of) the active compound(s) of Hottuynia cordata extract which showed hair growth promoting effects. It is strongly suggested that the hair growth stimulating activity of quercitrin was exerted by enhancing the cellular energy metabolism, increasing the production of growth factors via activation of MAPK/CREB signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the increasing use of topical tacrolimus, there is little information about its effect on skin wound healing. To determine effects on acute cutaneous wound healing, two full-thickness skin wounds were imparted on the backs of 45 hairless mice, which were then divided into vehicle-, topical tacrolimus- and topical steroid-treated group. Each drug was topically applied once daily. The wound area was assessed by using dermoscopic images every two days after wounding. At 3, 7 and 11 days after wounding, 10 wounds in each group were collected for semi-quantitative analysis of histological features including re-epithelialization, polymorphonuclear leucocytes, fibroblasts and collagen. We also checked the mRNA expression levels of EGF, TGF-β, TNF-α and IL-1α. While topical application of clobetasol propionate was found to delay re-epithelialization and infiltration of polymorphonuclear leucocyte, topical treatment with tacrolimus showed patterns similar to that of the vehicle. In the tacrolimus-treated group, mRNA expression levels of IL-1α and TGF-β were slightly decreased, while the others were similar with the vehicle-treated group. Unlike steroid, topical tacrolimus, therefore, did not disturb the wound healing process in a murine skin wound model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 22-year-old woman with history of hair loss for three years on her left temporal scalp. It states that the patient was diagnosed with temporal triangular alopecia (TTA) and undergo hair transplantation. It mentions that using Kyungpook National University (KNU) hair transplanter, 987 follicular units were transplanted.