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1. Recent human-induced atmospheric drying across Europe unprecedented in the last 400 years

Author

Treydte, K., Liu, L., Padrón, R.S., Martínez-Sancho, E., Babst, F., Frank, D.C., Gessler, A., Kahmen, A., Poulter, B., Seneviratne, S.I., Stegehuis, A.I., Wilson, R., Andreu-Hayles, L., Bale, R., Bednarz, Z., Boettger, Tatjana, Berninger, F., Büntgen, U., Daux, V., Dorado-Liñán, I., Esper, J., Friedrich, M., Gagen, M., Grabner, M., Grudd, H., Gunnarsson, B.E., Gutiérrez, E., Hafner, P., Haupt, Marika, Hilasvuori, E., Heinrich, I., Helle, G., Jalkanen, R., Jungner, H., Kalela-Brundin, M., Kessler, A., Kirchhefer, A., Klesse, S., Krapiec, M., Levanič, T., Leuenberger, M., Linderholm, H.W., McCarroll, D., Masson-Delmotte, V., Pawelczyk, S., Pazdur, A., Planells, O., Pukiene, R., Rinne-Garmston, K.T., Robertson, I., Saracino, A., Saurer, M., Schleser, G.H., Seftigen, K., Siegwolf, R.T.W., Sonninen, E., Stievenard, M., Szychowska-Krapiec, E., Szymaszek, M., Todaro, L., Waterhouse, J.S., Weigl-Kuska, M., Weigt, R.B., Wimmer, R., Woodley, E.J., Vitas, A., Young, G., Loader, N.J., Treydte, K., Liu, L., Padrón, R.S., Martínez-Sancho, E., Babst, F., Frank, D.C., Gessler, A., Kahmen, A., Poulter, B., Seneviratne, S.I., Stegehuis, A.I., Wilson, R., Andreu-Hayles, L., Bale, R., Bednarz, Z., Boettger, Tatjana, Berninger, F., Büntgen, U., Daux, V., Dorado-Liñán, I., Esper, J., Friedrich, M., Gagen, M., Grabner, M., Grudd, H., Gunnarsson, B.E., Gutiérrez, E., Hafner, P., Haupt, Marika, Hilasvuori, E., Heinrich, I., Helle, G., Jalkanen, R., Jungner, H., Kalela-Brundin, M., Kessler, A., Kirchhefer, A., Klesse, S., Krapiec, M., Levanič, T., Leuenberger, M., Linderholm, H.W., McCarroll, D., Masson-Delmotte, V., Pawelczyk, S., Pazdur, A., Planells, O., Pukiene, R., Rinne-Garmston, K.T., Robertson, I., Saracino, A., Saurer, M., Schleser, G.H., Seftigen, K., Siegwolf, R.T.W., Sonninen, E., Stievenard, M., Szychowska-Krapiec, E., Szymaszek, M., Todaro, L., Waterhouse, J.S., Weigl-Kuska, M., Weigt, R.B., Wimmer, R., Woodley, E.J., Vitas, A., Young, G., and Loader, N.J.

Abstract

The vapor pressure deficit reflects the difference between how much moisture the atmosphere could and actually does hold, a factor that fundamentally affects evapotranspiration, ecosystem functioning, and vegetation carbon uptake. Its spatial variability and long-term trends under natural versus human-influenced climate are poorly known despite being essential for predicting future effects on natural ecosystems and human societies such as crop yield, wildfires, and health. Here we combine regionally distinct reconstructions of pre-industrial summer vapor pressure deficit variability from Europe’s largest oxygen-isotope network of tree-ring cellulose with observational records and Earth system model simulations with and without human forcing included. We demonstrate that an intensification of atmospheric drying during the recent decades across different European target regions is unprecedented in a pre-industrial context and that it is attributed to human influence with more than 98% probability. The magnitude of this trend is largest in Western and Central Europe, the Alps and Pyrenees region, and the smallest in southern Fennoscandia. In view of the extreme drought and compound events of the recent years, further atmospheric drying poses an enhanced risk to vegetation, specifically in the densely populated areas of the European temperate lowlands.

Published
2023

3. Kinetics of carbon sharing in a bacterial consortium revealed by combining stable isotope probing with fluorescence-activated cell sorting

Author

Pawelczyk, S, Bumann, D, Abraham, Wolf-Rainer, and Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Chemical Microbiology, Braunschweig, Germany.

Abstract

Aims: To determine the kinetics of substrate fluxes in a microbial community in order to elucidate the roles of the community members. Methods and Results: The kinetics of substrate sharing in a bacterial consortium were measured by a new analytical approach combining immunostaining, stable isotope probing and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The bacterial consortium, consisting of four strains and growing on 4-chlorosalicylate (4-CS), was pulse-dosed with the degradation intermediate [U-(13) C]-4-chlorocatechol (4-CC). Cells were stained with strain-specific antibodies sorted by FACS and the (13) C-incorporation into fatty acids of the two most abundant members of the community was determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. From the two most abundant strains, the primary degrader Pseudomonas reinekei MT1 incorporated the labelled substrate faster than strain Achromobacter spanius MT3 but the maximal incorporation in strain MT3 was almost three times higher than in MT1. Conclusions: It has been reported that strain MT1 produces 4-CC as an intermediate but has a lower LD(50) for it than strain MT3; therefore, MT3 still degrades 4-CC when the concentrations of 4-CC are already too toxic, even lethal, for MT1. By degrading 4-CC, produced by MT1, MT3 protects the entire community against this toxin. The higher affinity but lower tolerance of strain MT1 for 4-chlorocatechol compared to strain MT3 explains the complementary function these two strains have in the consortium adding exceptional stability to the entire community. Significance and Impact of the Study: The novel approach can reveal carbon fluxes in microbial communities generating quantitative data for systems biology of the microbial community.

Published
2011

4. Water-use efficiency and transpiration across European forests during the Anthropocene

Author

Frank, D.C., Poulter, B., Saurer, M., Esper, J., Huntingford, C., Helle, G., Treydte, K., Zimmermann, N.E., Schleser, G.H., Ahlström, A., Ciais, P., Friedlingstein, P., Levis, S., Lomas, M., Sitch, S., Viovy, N., Andreu-Hayles, L., Bednarz, Z., Berninger, F., Boettger, Tatjana, D‘Alessandro, C.M., Daux, V., Filot, M., Grabner, M., Gutierrez, E., Haupt, Marika, Hilasvuori, E., Jungner, H., Kalela-Brundin, M., Krapiec, M., Leuenberger, M., Loader, N.J., Marah, H., Masson-Delmotte, V., Pazdur, A., Pawelczyk, S., Pierre, M., Planells, O., Pukiene, R., Reynolds-Henne, C.E., Rinne, K.T., Saracino, A., Sonninen, E., Stievenard, M., Switsur, V.R., Szczepanek, M., Szychowska-Krapiec, E., Todaro, L., Waterhouse, J.S., Weigl, M., Frank, D.C., Poulter, B., Saurer, M., Esper, J., Huntingford, C., Helle, G., Treydte, K., Zimmermann, N.E., Schleser, G.H., Ahlström, A., Ciais, P., Friedlingstein, P., Levis, S., Lomas, M., Sitch, S., Viovy, N., Andreu-Hayles, L., Bednarz, Z., Berninger, F., Boettger, Tatjana, D‘Alessandro, C.M., Daux, V., Filot, M., Grabner, M., Gutierrez, E., Haupt, Marika, Hilasvuori, E., Jungner, H., Kalela-Brundin, M., Krapiec, M., Leuenberger, M., Loader, N.J., Marah, H., Masson-Delmotte, V., Pazdur, A., Pawelczyk, S., Pierre, M., Planells, O., Pukiene, R., Reynolds-Henne, C.E., Rinne, K.T., Saracino, A., Sonninen, E., Stievenard, M., Switsur, V.R., Szczepanek, M., Szychowska-Krapiec, E., Todaro, L., Waterhouse, J.S., and Weigl, M.

Published
2015

5. Water-use efficiency and transpiration across European forests during the Anthropocene

Author

Frank, D. C., primary, Poulter, B., additional, Saurer, M., additional, Esper, J., additional, Huntingford, C., additional, Helle, G., additional, Treydte, K., additional, Zimmermann, N. E., additional, Schleser, G. H., additional, Ahlström, A., additional, Ciais, P., additional, Friedlingstein, P., additional, Levis, S., additional, Lomas, M., additional, Sitch, S., additional, Viovy, N., additional, Andreu-Hayles, L., additional, Bednarz, Z., additional, Berninger, F., additional, Boettger, T., additional, D‘Alessandro, C. M., additional, Daux, V., additional, Filot, M., additional, Grabner, M., additional, Gutierrez, E., additional, Haupt, M., additional, Hilasvuori, E., additional, Jungner, H., additional, Kalela-Brundin, M., additional, Krapiec, M., additional, Leuenberger, M., additional, Loader, N. J., additional, Marah, H., additional, Masson-Delmotte, V., additional, Pazdur, A., additional, Pawelczyk, S., additional, Pierre, M., additional, Planells, O., additional, Pukiene, R., additional, Reynolds-Henne, C. E., additional, Rinne, K. T., additional, Saracino, A., additional, Sonninen, E., additional, Stievenard, M., additional, Switsur, V. R., additional, Szczepanek, M., additional, Szychowska-Krapiec, E., additional, Todaro, L., additional, Waterhouse, J. S., additional, and Weigl, M., additional

Published
2015
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6. Community-based degradation of 4-chorosalicylate tracked on the single cell level

Author

Pawelczyk, S., Abraham, W.-R., Harms, Hauke, Müller, Susann, Pawelczyk, S., Abraham, W.-R., Harms, Hauke, and Müller, Susann

Abstract

4-Chlorosalicylate (4-CS) can be degraded completely by a bacterial consortium consisting of Pseudomonas reinekei (MT1), Achromobacter spanius (MT3) and Pseudomonas veronii (MT4). The fourth species Wautersiella falsenii (MT2) is thought to act as a 'necrotizer' of the community. Single cell approaches were used to follow every species' degradation activity within the community by assuming that growth and proliferation are activity markers for the utilization of 4-CS and its degradation pathway intermediates as carbon and energy sources.A primary/secondary antibody staining technique for species differentiation was applied and a species-resolved determination of proliferation activity by flow cytometry undertaken. Degradation was followed by quantifying 4-CS and the resulting intermediates by HPLC. A good correlation of HPLC bulk data with the proliferation activity states of every species within the community was found. It was also assumed that reduced activity of strain MT4 and increased proliferation of strain MT2 might have caused an observed breakdown of the consortium grown in the bioreactor.The double staining technique provided the chance to follow bacterial cell states and their roles in mixed cultures without applying labelled substrates. It is therefore in line with single cell techniques already successfully applied in biotechnology for developing strategies to optimize microbially catalyzed production processes.

Published
2008

7. Signal strength and climate calibration of a European tree-ring isotope network

Author

Treydte, K., Frank, D., Esper, J., Andreu, L., Bednarz, Z., Berninger, F., Böttger, Tatjana, D'Alessandro, C.M., Etien, N., Filot, M., Grabner, M., Guillemin, M.T., Gutierrez, E., Haupt, Marika, Helle, G., Hilasvuori, E., Jungner, H., Kalela-Brundin, M., Krapiec, M., Leuenberger, M., Loader, N.J., Masson-Delmotte, V., Pazdur, A., Pawelczyk, S., Pierre, M., Planells, O., Pukiene, R., Reynolds-Henne, C.E., Rinne, K.T., Saracino, A., Saurer, M., Sonninen, E., Stievenard, M., Switsur, V.R., Szczepanek, M., Szychowska-Krapiec, E., Todaro, L., Waterhouse, J.S., Weigl, M., Schleser, G.H., Treydte, K., Frank, D., Esper, J., Andreu, L., Bednarz, Z., Berninger, F., Böttger, Tatjana, D'Alessandro, C.M., Etien, N., Filot, M., Grabner, M., Guillemin, M.T., Gutierrez, E., Haupt, Marika, Helle, G., Hilasvuori, E., Jungner, H., Kalela-Brundin, M., Krapiec, M., Leuenberger, M., Loader, N.J., Masson-Delmotte, V., Pazdur, A., Pawelczyk, S., Pierre, M., Planells, O., Pukiene, R., Reynolds-Henne, C.E., Rinne, K.T., Saracino, A., Saurer, M., Sonninen, E., Stievenard, M., Switsur, V.R., Szczepanek, M., Szychowska-Krapiec, E., Todaro, L., Waterhouse, J.S., Weigl, M., and Schleser, G.H.

Abstract

We present the first European network of tree ring d 13C and d 18O, containing 23 sites from Finland to Morocco. Common climate signals are found over broad climatic-ecological ranges. In temperate regions we find positive correlations with summer maximum temperatures and negative correlations with summer precipitation and Palmer Drought Severity Indices (PDSI) with no obvious species-specific differences. Regional d 13C and d 18O chronologies share high common variance in year-to-year variations. Long-term variations, however, exhibit differences that may reflect spatial variability in environmental forcings, age trends and/or plant physiological responses to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. Rotated principal component analysis (RPCA) and climate field correlations enable the identification of four sub-regions in the d 18O network - northern and eastern Central Europe, Scandinavia and the western Mediterranean. Regional patterns in the d 13C network are less clear and are timescale dependent. Our results indicate that future reconstruction efforts should concentrate on d 18O data in the identified European regions.

Published
2007

8. Hydrogen, carbon and oxygen isotopes in pine and oak tree rings from Southern Poland as climatic indicators in years 1900-2003

Author

Szczepanek, M., Pazdur, A., Pawelczyk, S., Böttger, Tatjana, Haupt, Marika, Halas, S., Bednarz, Z., Krapiec, M., Szychowska-Krapiec, E., Szczepanek, M., Pazdur, A., Pawelczyk, S., Böttger, Tatjana, Haupt, Marika, Halas, S., Bednarz, Z., Krapiec, M., and Szychowska-Krapiec, E.

Abstract

Carbon, oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes in tree rings are sensitive indicators of climate changes. We have measured carbon, oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios in alpha-cellulose extracted from annual rings of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and oak (Quercus robur L.) growing in the Niepolomice Forest, Southern Poland. The presented isotope records cover the period 1900-2003. In this paper we compare the values of delta C-13, delta O-18 and delta H-2 observed in the wholewood of pine and in the latewood of oak with meteorological data (temperature, precipitation and sunshine). The highest significant values of correlation coefficients calculated between delta C-13 and the meteorological data are: -0.26 for temperature, 0.25 for precipitation and 0.41 for sunshine. On the basis of our investigations we deduced that pine is a more sensitive indicator of environmental changes than oak. Our investigation proves that the best indicators are: hydrogen for summer temperature and oxygen for summer precipitation. We noticed a rapid decrease of pine delta C-13 values in 1966 from -22.46 parts per thousand to -24.64 parts per thousand.

Published
2006

10. Signal strength and climate calibration of a European tree‐ring isotope network

Author

Treydte, K., primary, Frank, D., additional, Esper, J., additional, Andreu, L., additional, Bednarz, Z., additional, Berninger, F., additional, Boettger, T., additional, D'Alessandro, C. M., additional, Etien, N., additional, Filot, M., additional, Grabner, M., additional, Guillemin, M. T., additional, Gutierrez, E., additional, Haupt, M., additional, Helle, G., additional, Hilasvuori, E., additional, Jungner, H., additional, Kalela‐Brundin, M., additional, Krapiec, M., additional, Leuenberger, M., additional, Loader, N. J., additional, Masson‐Delmotte, V., additional, Pazdur, A., additional, Pawelczyk, S., additional, Pierre, M., additional, Planells, O., additional, Pukiene, R., additional, Reynolds‐Henne, C. E., additional, Rinne, K. T., additional, Saracino, A., additional, Saurer, M., additional, Sonninen, E., additional, Stievenard, M., additional, Switsur, V. R., additional, Szczepanek, M., additional, Szychowska‐Krapiec, E., additional, Todaro, L., additional, Waterhouse, J. S., additional, Weigl, M., additional, and Schleser, G. H., additional

Published
2007
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12. Water-use efficiency and transpiration across European forests during the Anthropocene

Author

M. Kalela-Brundin, Nicolas Viovy, Benjamin Poulter, Emilia Gutiérrez, Katja T. Rinne, H. Marah, Markus Leuenberger, Kerstin Treydte, Z. Bednarz, Mark R. Lomas, Emmi Hilasvuori, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Philippe Ciais, John S. Waterhouse, Gerhard H. Schleser, David Frank, Stephen Sitch, Elżbieta Szychowska‐Kra̧piec, Laia Andreu-Hayles, Samuel Levis, Anna Pazdur, Michael Grabner, Tatjana Boettger, Gerhard Helle, Carmela Miriam D’Alessandro, Monique Pierre, Högne Jungner, V. R. Switsur, M. Filot, Matthias Saurer, Eloni Sonninen, Pierre Friedlingstein, Marek Krapiec, M. Szczepanek, C. E. Reynolds-Henne, Octavi Planells, Valérie Daux, Frank Berninger, Chris Huntingford, Luigi Todaro, Anders Ahlström, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Jan Esper, Sławomira Pawełczyk, Marika Haupt, Neil J. Loader, Martin Weigl, Michel Stievenard, Antonio Saracino, R. Pukiene, Montana State University (MSU), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, SWISS FEDERAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE WSL, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Centre for Terrestrial Carbon Dynamics: National Centre for Earth Observation (CTCD), University of Sheffield [Sheffield], College of Life and Environmental Sciences [Exeter], University of Exeter, Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), University of Helsinki, Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Polish Geological Institute, Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], CNESTEN, cnesten, inconnu, Inconnu, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Frank, D. C., Poulter, B., Saurer, M., Esper, J., C., Huntingford, Helle, G., Treydte, K. S., Zimmermann, N. E., G. H., Schleser, A., Ahlström, P., Ciai, P., Friedlingstein, S., Levi, M., Loma, S., Sitch, N., Viovy, Andreu Hayles, L., Bednarz, Z., Berninger, F., Boettger, T., D’Alessandro, C. M., Daux, V., Filot, M., Grabner, M., Gutierrez, E., Haupt, M., Hilasvuori, E., Jungner, H., Kalela Brundin, M., Krapiec, M., Leuenberger, M., Loader, N. J., Marah, H., Masson Delmotte, V., Pazdur, A., Pawelczyk, S., Pierre, M., Planells, O., Pukiene, R., Reynolds Henne, C. E., Rinne, K. T., Saracino, Antonio, Sonninen, E., Stievenard, M., Switsur, V. R., Szczepanek, M., Szychowska Krapiec, E., Todaro, L., Waterhouse, J. S., and Weigl, M.

Subjects
hiilidioksidi, Stomatal conductance, hiili, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, ta1171, vesi, Growing season, Climate change, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Atmospheric sciences, tree-ring, chemistry.chemical_compound, hydrologinen kierto, dioxide, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, kasvit, ilmasto, Water cycle, Water-use efficiency, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, climate, CO2 fertilization, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Transpiration, Hydrology, ilmakehä, atmospheric CO2, elevated CO2, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Global warming, varastointi, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, gas-exchange, rising CO2, chemistry, 13. Climate action, stomatal conductance, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Carbon dioxide, Environmental science, aineiden kierto, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), carbon-isotope discrimination
Abstract

Considering the combined effects of CO2 fertilization and climate change drivers on plant physiology leads to a modest increase in simulated European forest transpiration in spite of the effects of CO2-induced stomatal closure. The Earth’s carbon and hydrologic cycles are intimately coupled by gas exchange through plant stomata1,2,3. However, uncertainties in the magnitude4,5,6 and consequences7,8 of the physiological responses9,10 of plants to elevated CO2 in natural environments hinders modelling of terrestrial water cycling and carbon storage11. Here we use annually resolved long-term δ13C tree-ring measurements across a European forest network to reconstruct the physiologically driven response of intercellular CO2 (Ci) caused by atmospheric CO2 (Ca) trends. When removing meteorological signals from the δ13C measurements, we find that trees across Europe regulated gas exchange so that for one ppmv atmospheric CO2 increase, Ci increased by ∼0.76 ppmv, most consistent with moderate control towards a constant Ci/Ca ratio. This response corresponds to twentieth-century intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) increases of 14 ± 10 and 22 ± 6% at broadleaf and coniferous sites, respectively. An ensemble of process-based global vegetation models shows similar CO2 effects on iWUE trends. Yet, when operating these models with climate drivers reintroduced, despite decreased stomatal opening, 5% increases in European forest transpiration are calculated over the twentieth century. This counterintuitive result arises from lengthened growing seasons, enhanced evaporative demand in a warming climate, and increased leaf area, which together oppose effects of CO2-induced stomatal closure. Our study questions changes to the hydrological cycle, such as reductions in transpiration and air humidity, hypothesized to result from plant responses to anthropogenic emissions.

Published
2015
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13. Signal strength and climate calibration of a European tree-ring isotope network

Author

Emilia Gutiérrez, Anna Pazdur, Neil J. Loader, Michel Stievenard, Elżbieta Szychowska‐Kra̧piec, K. T. Rinne, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Martin Weigl, Gerhard H. Schleser, Antonio Saracino, Jan Esper, Matthias Saurer, M. Kalela-Brundin, Kerstin Treydte, Markus Leuenberger, Octavi Planells, Luigi Todaro, Carmela Miriam D’Alessandro, Emmi Hilasvuori, V. R. Switsur, Laia Andreu, Eloni Sonninen, Högne Jungner, C. E. Reynolds-Henne, R. Pukiene, Michael Grabner, Tatjana Boettger, M. Filot, David Frank, Sławomira Pawełczyk, Marika Haupt, N. Etien, Frank Berninger, M. Szczepanek, M. T. Guillemin, Z. Bednarz, Monique Pierre, John S. Waterhouse, Marek Krapiec, Gerhard Helle, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Treydte, K, Frank, D, Andreu, L, Bednarz, Z, Berninger, F, Boettger, T, Dalessandro, Cm, Esper, J, Etien, N, Filot, M, Grabner, M, Guillemin, Mt, Gutirrez, E, Haupt, M, Helle, G, Hilasvuori, E, Jungner, H, KALELA BRUNDIN, M, Krapiec, M, Leuenberger, M, Loader, Nj, MASSON DELMOTTE, V, Pazdur, A, Pawelczyk, S, Pierre, M, Planells, O, Pukiene, R, REYNOLDS HENNE, Ce, Rinne, Kt, Saracino, Antonio, Saurer, M, Sonninen, E, Stievenard, M, Switsur, Vr, Szczepanek, M, SZYCHOWSKA KRAPIEC, E, Todaro, L, Waterhouse, J, Weigl, M, Schleser, Gh, and 0 Pre-GFZ, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, d13C, 550 - Earth sciences, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean sea, Trend surface analysis, Temperate climate, Dendrochronology, ddc:550, Precipitation, 20th century chronologies, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, tree ring, 15. Life on land, d18O, European network, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Spatial variability, Physical geography
Abstract

We present the first European network of tree ring delta(13)C and delta(18)O, containing 23 sites from Finland to Morocco. Common climate signals are found over broad climatic-ecological ranges. In temperate regions we find positive correlations with summer maximum temperatures and negative correlations with summer precipitation and Palmer Drought Severity Indices (PDSI) with no obvious speciesspecific differences. Regional delta(13)C and delta(18)O chronologies share high common variance in year-to-year variations. Long-term variations, however, exhibit differences that may reflect spatial variability in environmental forcings, age trends and/or plant physiological responses to increasing atmospheric CO(2) concentration. Rotated principal component analysis (RPCA) and climate field correlations enable the identification of four sub-regions in the delta(18)O network - northern and eastern Central Europe, Scandinavia and the western Mediterranean. Regional patterns in the delta(13)C network are less clear and are timescale dependent. Our results indicate that future reconstruction efforts should concentrate on delta(18)O data in the identified European regions.

Published
2007
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14. Absolute Rheological Measurements of Model Suspensions: Influence and Correction of Wall Slip Prevention Measures.

Author

Pawelczyk S, Kniepkamp M, Jesinghausen S, and Schmid HJ

Abstract

Since suspensions (e.g., in food, cement, or cosmetics industries) tend to show wall slip, the application of structured measuring surfaces in rheometers is widespread. Usually, for parallel-plate geometries, the tip-to-tip distance is used for calculation of absolute rheological values, which implies that there is no flow behind this distance. However, several studies show that this is not true. Therefore, the measuring gap needs to be corrected by adding the effective gap extension δ to the prescribed gap height H in order to obtain absolute rheological properties. In this paper, we determine the effective gap extension δ for different structures and fluids (Newtonian, shear thinning, and model suspensions that can be adjusted to the behavior of real fluids) and compare the corrected values to reference data. We observe that for Newtonian fluids a gap- and material-independent correction function can be derived for every measuring system, which is also applicable to suspensions, but not to shear thinning fluids. Since this relation appears to be mainly dependent on the characteristics of flow behaviour, we show that the calibration of structured measuring systems is possible with Newtonian fluids and then can be transferred to suspensions up to a certain particle content.

Published
2020
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15. Reconstructing relative humidity from plant delta18O and deltaD as deuterium deviations from the global meteoric water line.

Author

Voelker SL, Brooks JR, Meinzer FC, Roden J, Pazdur A, Pawelczyk S, Hartsough P, Snyder K, Plavcová L, and Santrůcek J

Subjects
Climate, Oxygen Isotopes, Plant Leaves, Trees, Water, Deuterium, Humidity
Abstract

Cellulose delta18O and deltaD can provide insights on climates and hydrological cycling in the distant past and how these factors differ spatially. However, most studies of plant cellulose have used only one isotope, most commonly delta18O, resulting in difficulties partitioning variation in delta18O of precipitation vs. evaporative conditions that affect leaf water isotopic enrichment. Moreover, observations of pronounced diurnal differences from conventional steady-state model predictions of leaf water isotopic fractionation have cast some doubt on single isotope modeling approaches for separating precipitation and evaporation drivers of cellulose delta18O or deltaD. We explore a dual isotope approach akin to the concept of deuterium-excess (d), to establish deuterium deviations from the global meteoric water line in leaf water (deltad(l)) as driven by relative humidity (RH). To demonstrate this concept, we survey studies of leaf water delta18O and deltaD in hardwood vs. conifer trees. We then apply the concept to cellulose delta18O and deltaD using a mechanistic model of cellulose delta18O and deltaD to reconstruct deuterium deviations from the global meteoric water line (deltad(c)) in Quercus macrocarpa, Q. robur, and Pseudotsuga menziesii. For each species, deltad(c) showed strong correlations with RH across sites. deltad(c) agreed well with steady-state predictions for Q. macrocarpa, while for Q. robur, the relationship with RH was steeper than expected. The slope of deltad(c) vs. RH of P. menziesii was also close to steady-state predictions, but deltad(c) were more enriched than predicted. This is in agreement with our leaf water survey showing conifer deltad(l) was more enriched than predicted. Our data reveal that applications of this method should be appropriate for reconstructing RH from cellulose delta18O and deltaD after accounting for differences between hardwoods and conifers. Hence, deltad(c) should be useful for understanding variability in RH associated with past climatic cycles, across regional climates, or across complex terrain where climate modeling is challenging. Furthermore, deltad(c) and inferred RH values should help in constraining variation in source water delta18O.

Published
2014
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16. Predicting inter-species cross-talk in two-component signalling systems.

Author

Pawelczyk S, Scott KA, Hamer R, Blades G, Deane CM, and Wadhams GH

Subjects
Phosphorylation physiology, Models, Genetic, Protein Kinases metabolism, Signal Transduction physiology
Abstract

Phosphosignalling pathways are an attractive option for the synthetic biologist looking for a wide repertoire of modular components from which to build. We demonstrate that two-component systems can be used in synthetic biology. However, their potential is limited by the fact that host cells contain many of their own phosphosignalling pathways and these may interact with, and cross-talk to, the introduced synthetic components. In this paper we also demonstrate a simple bioinformatic tool that can help predict whether interspecies cross-talk between introduced and native two-component signalling pathways will occur and show both in vitro and in vivo that the predicted interactions do take place. The ability to predict potential cross-talk prior to designing and constructing novel pathways or choosing a host organism is essential for the promise that phosphosignalling components hold for synthetic biology to be realised.

Published
2012
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17. Community-based degradation of 4-chorosalicylate tracked on the single cell level.

Author

Pawelczyk S, Abraham WR, Harms H, and Müller S

Subjects
Biodegradation, Environmental, Cell Proliferation, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Flow Cytometry methods, Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci growth & development, Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci cytology, Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci metabolism, Salicylates metabolism
Abstract

4-Chlorosalicylate (4-CS) can be degraded completely by a bacterial consortium consisting of Pseudomonas reinekei (MT1), Achromobacter spanius (MT3) and Pseudomonas veronii (MT4). The fourth species Wautersiella falsenii (MT2) is thought to act as a 'necrotizer' of the community. Single cell approaches were used to follow every species' degradation activity within the community by assuming that growth and proliferation are activity markers for the utilization of 4-CS and its degradation pathway intermediates as carbon and energy sources. A primary/secondary antibody staining technique for species differentiation was applied and a species-resolved determination of proliferation activity by flow cytometry undertaken. Degradation was followed by quantifying 4-CS and the resulting intermediates by HPLC. A good correlation of HPLC bulk data with the proliferation activity states of every species within the community was found. It was also assumed that reduced activity of strain MT4 and increased proliferation of strain MT2 might have caused an observed breakdown of the consortium grown in the bioreactor. The double staining technique provided the chance to follow bacterial cell states and their roles in mixed cultures without applying labelled substrates. It is therefore in line with single cell techniques already successfully applied in biotechnology for developing strategies to optimize microbially catalyzed production processes.

Published
2008
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18. Stable carbon isotopic composition of tree rings from a pine tree from Augustów Wilderness, Poland, as a temperature and local environment conditions indicator.

Author

Pawelczyk S, Pazdur A, and Halas S

Subjects
Carbon Isotopes analysis, Ecology, Environmental Monitoring, Pinus chemistry, Poland, Temperature, Climate, Environment, Pinus growth & development
Abstract

Tree rings can be used as archives of climatic and environmental data with annual resolution. Tree rings widths, maximum late wood density and other parameters as stable composition in tree rings can be used for the reconstruction of past climatic and environmental changes. Stable carbon isotope ratios in tree rings may provide valuable information on past climatic conditions. 13C/12C ratios of plant organic matter can reflect corresponding 13C/12C ratio of atmospheric CO2 during formation of the rings. Investigations of isotopic carbon composition in tree rings from in the ecologically clean the Augustów Wilderness region in the north-eastern part of Poland (22 degrees 58'E, 53 degrees 51'N) (nowadays a sanctuary) were undertaken. Series of delta13C in alpha-cellulose and in wholewood were acquired. Those measurements constituted a part of more complex investigations of carbon isotope composition in tree rings including the measurements of radiocarbon concentration and tree ring widths. This article presents preliminary results. It is argued that contrary to the tree ring widths and delta13C in wholewood that do not reveal significant correlation with temperature, the variation of delta13C in the latewood alpha-cellulose is correlated with combined July and August temperatures., (Copyright 2004 Taylor and Francis Ltd.)

Published
2004
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