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Pamungkas, Joko, Hutchings, Pat (2023): Pectinaria nusalautensis (Pectinariidae, Annelida): a new polychaete species from Maluku, Indonesia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 71: 1-11, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2023-0001

Pectinaria Lamarck, 1818 is composed of 30 species, three of them were originally described from the west coast of the USA and Mexico: P. californiensis Hartman, 1941 (from Redondo Beach, California, USA), P. newportensis Hartman, 1941 (from Newport Bay, California, USA) and P. hartmanae Reish, 1968 (from Bahia de los Angeles, north-western Gulf of California, Mexico). A new pectinariid polychaete, Pectinaria santii sp. n., is reported from the central-eastern Gulf of California, Mexico. Pectinaria santii sp. n. is clearly distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological features: segment 4 with a ventral crest with six horn-shaped anterior projections; three chaetigers with notopodia (S5, S6 and S7); 12 chaetigers with noto- and neuropodia (from S8–19); 8–10 golden opercular paleae per lobe; a pair of ear-shaped lobes at the base of the cephalic veil; an anterior row of chaetae on notopodia with a deep incision and a bifid process at the lateral end of the shaft; and 13–21 pairs of amber scaphal hooks with distal margin rounded and hooded. A full description, including variation and photographs in live and fixed specimens, is provided, as well as a key to the species of Pectinaria from the Tropical Eastern Pacific and Temperate Northern Pacific.

Key to genera of Pectinariidae and species recorded from Chinese waters 1 Segments 8–21 with neurochaetae (uncini); anterior margin of cephalic veil with smooth acute triangular anterior end or several lappets............................................................................. Petta Malmgren, 1866 - Segment 21 without neurochaetae (uncini); margins of cephalic veil with cirri..................................... 2 2 One longitudinal row of major teeth on uncini........................................ Cistenides Malmgren, 1866 - More than one longitudinal row of major teeth on uncini...................................................... 3 3 Opercular rim with cirri or lappets............................................... 4 (Amphictene Savigny, 1822) - Opercular rim smooth................................................................................. 7 4 Scaphal hooks 5–8 pairs.................................................... Amphictene capensis (Pallas, 1766) - Scaphal hooks more than 10 pairs........................................................................ 5 5 Pair of dorso-lateral lobes with undulating margin on segment 3............ Amphictene alata Zhang, Zhang & Qiu, 2015 - Pair of dorso-lateral lobes with smooth margin on segment 3................................................... 6 6 Lateral lobes of scaphe with three pairs of dorsal cirri below margins...................... Amphictene jianqingi n. sp. - Lateral lobes of scaphe without dorsal cirri below margins......................... Amphictene japonica Nisson, 1928 7 Cephalic veil attached to lateral margin of operculum................................... 8 (Lagis Malmgren, 1866) - Cephalic veil free from operculum................................................ 10 (Pectinaria Lamarck, 1818) 8 Lateral and posterior margins of anal flap crenulated or with cirri............................................... 9 - Lateral and posterior margins of anal flap smooth with several lappets.............. Lagis neapolitana (Claparède, 1869) 9 Lateral and posterior margins of anal flap with numerous cirri (fringes); scaphe without club-shaped papillae near margins of lateral lobes.................................................................... Lagis bocki (Hessle, 1917) - Lateral and posterior margins of anal flap crenulated; scaphe with 3 pairs of club-shaped papillae near margins of lateral lobes............................................................................ Lagis koreni Malmgren, 1866 10 Segment 21 with notochaetae........................................................................... 11 - Segment 21 without notochaetae........................................................................ 14 11 Anal flap with anal cirrus.............................................................................. 12 - Anal flap without anal cirrus........................................................................... 13 12 Scaphal hooks 4–5 pairs; 60–70 cirri on the margin of cephalic veil.................. Pectinaria aegyptia (Savigny, 1822) - Scaphal hooks 6–8 pairs; 16–29 cirri on the margin of cephalic veil................. Pectinaria antipoda Schmarda, 1861 13 Anal flap with crenulated magin; 3–4 longitudinal rows of major teeth on uncini....... Pectinaria conchilega Grube, 1878 - Anal flap withou smooth magin; two longitudinal rows of major teeth on uncini........ Pectinaria papillosa Caullery, 1944 14 Segment 20 with neurochaetae.......................................................................... 15 - Segment 20 without neurochaetae....................................................................... 18 15 Segment 2 with a postero-dorsal lobe...................................... Pectinaria torquata Zhang & Qiu, 2017 - Segment 2 without a postero-dorsal lobe.................................................................. 16 16 Mid-ventral lobe with 4-6 continuous lappets on segment 4.................................. Pectinaria lizhei n. sp. - Mid-ventral lobe smooth, only with pair of small papillae on corners of mid-ventral lobe on segment 4................ 17 17 Mid-ventral lobe narrow about 1/2 width of ventro-lateral lobes on segment 4................... Pectinaria xiukaii n. sp. - Mid-ventral lobe broad almost same width of ventro-lateral lobes on segment 4............... Pectinaria dayaensis n. sp. 18 Branchiae absent on segments 3–4....................................... Pectinaria crenulatus (Sun & Qiu, 2012) - Branchiae present on segments 3–4.... Pectinaria plurihamus (Choi, Jung & Yoon, 2017) or Pectinaria dimai Zachs, 1933, Published as part of Zhang, Jinghuai, Hutchings, Pat & Qiu, Jian-Wen, 2022, Pectinariidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from the coastal waters of China, with description of new species and new records, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 5151 (1) on pages 70-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5151.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6630734, {"references":["Malmgren, A. J. (1866) Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Ofversigt af Koniglich Vetenskapsakademiens forhandlingar, Stockholm, 22 (5), 355 - 410. [http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 100715 page / 369 / mode / 1 up]","Savigny, J. - C. (1822) Systeme des annelides, principalement de celles des cotes de l'Egypte et de la Syrie, offrant les caracteres tant distinctifs que naturels des Ordres, Familles et Genres, avec la Description des Especes. Description de l'Egypte ou Recueil des Observations et des Recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypte pendant l'Expedition de l'Armee Francaise, publie par les Ordres de sa Majeste l'Empereur Napoleon le Grand, Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 1 (3), 1 - 128. [http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41329897]","Pallas, P. S. (1766) Miscellanea zoologica quibus novae imprimis atque obfurae animalium species describuntur et observationibus iconibusque illustrantur. Apud Petrum van Cleef, MDCCLXVI [1766], Hagae Comitum, 224 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 69851","Zhang, J., Zhang, Y. & Qiu, J. - W. (2015) A new species of Amphictene (Annelida, Pectinariidae) from the northern South China Sea. ZooKeys, 545, 27 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 545.6454","Lamarck, J. B. de (1818) Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, presentant les caracteres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales especes qui s'y rapportent; precedes d'une Introduction offrant la determination des caracteres essentiels de l`Animal, sa distinction du vegetal et desautres corps naturels, enfin, l'Exposition des Principes fondamentaux de la Zoologie. Deterville, Paris, 612 pp. [http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 12886879]","Claparede, E. (1869) Les Annelides Chetopodes du Golfe de Naples. Seconde partie. Ordre IIme. Annelides Sedentaires (Aud. et Edw.). Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve, 20 (1), 1 - 225, pls. XVII - XXXI. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2142","Hessle, C. (1917) Zur Kenntnis der terebellomorphen Polychaeten. Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala, 5, 39 - 258. [https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 38891407]","Schmarda, L. K. (1861) Neue Turbellarian, Rotatorien und Anneliden Beobachtet und Gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde 1853 bis 1857. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 164 pp. [http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / ia / neuewirbelloseth 21861 schm]","Grube, A. E. (1878) Annulata Semperiana. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Annelidenfauna der Philippinen nach den on Herrn Prof. Semper mitgebrachten Sammlungen. Memoires l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. - Petersbourg, Serie 7, 25 (8), 1 - 300. [http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 162068 page / 7 / mode / 1 up] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 85345","Caullery, M. (1944) Polychetes sedentaire de l'Expedition du Siboga: Ariciidae, Spionidae, Chaetopteridae, Chloraemidae, Opheliidae, Oweniidae, Sabellariidae, Sternaspidae, Amphictenidae, Ampharetidae, Terebellidae. Siboga Expeditie, Leiden, 24, 1 - 204.","Zhang, J. & Qiu, J. - W. (2017) A new species of Pectinaria (Annelida, Pectinariidae), with a key to pectinariids from the South China Sea. ZooKeys, 683, 139 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 683.12272","Sun, Y. & Qiu, J. W. (2012) A new species of Lagis (Polychaeta: Pectinariidae) from Hong Kong. Zootaxa, 3264 (1), 61 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3264.1.4","Choi, H. K. Jung, T. W. & Yoon, S. M. (2017) A new species of Lagis (Annelida: Polychaeta: Pectinariidae) from Korean waters. Zootaxa, 4227 (2), 279 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4227.2.8","Zachs, I. (1933) Polychaeta of the North Japanese Sea. Explorations des Mers URSS Leningrad, 19, 125 - 137. [in Russian]"]}

Amphictene jianqingi n. sp. Figs 1, 4–6. Material examined. Holotype: SCSMBC030870 (tissue sample sequenced), complete, Daya Bay, northern South China Sea, Guangdong Province, 114°33'10.8"E 22°35'34.8"N, 11 m, mud, coll. J. Zhang, Y. Gao & K. Chen, Jun 2015, sta. D05. Paratype: SCSMBC030871, 1 spec. complete, mounted for SEM, collected from the same location and time as holotype. Description. Holotype, pale in colour after preservation, conical in shape (Fig. 4A–B). Body length 39.1 mm including paleae and scaphe, width 5.4 mm at cephalic region. Cephalic veil oval, free from operculum, with 12 smooth cirri on anterior and lateral margins (Figs 4D; 5B). Pair of ear-shaped lobes adjacent to both sides of dorsal base of cephalic veil. Buccal tentacles arising from posterior to cephalic veil, long grooved lobes, extending to margin of cephalic veil (Figs 4D; 5B). Operculum semicircular; dorsal and lateral margins well developed, with three pairs of long lateral cirri and 17 ventral triangular lappets; ventral margin (opercular ridge) with left 9 and right 10 golden paleae, curved dorsally, acute with extended tips (Figs 4C; 5A). First pair of tentacular cirri extending beyond paleae, with annuli, arising from connection of opercular margin and paleal ridge (Figs 4C–D; 5A–B). Pair of small ventro-lateral lappets present behind tentacular cirri, near cephalic veil, on segment 1 (Fig. 5C). Ventral region of segment 1 covered by ventral lobes of segment 2 (Figs 4D; 5B). Second pair of tentacular cirri long, extending beyond opercular anterior margin, with annuli, on latero-median connecting ridge on segment 2, inserted more dorsally than 1 st pair (Figs 4C; 5A, C). Pair of broad ventro-lateral lobes and a mid-ventral lobe on segment 2; ventro-lateral lobes with three continuous small papillae on the inner portion and a smooth lateral lobe about 1/3 width of ventro-lateral lobes; mid-ventral lobe more posterior with two lobes with many papillae, separated by shallow grooves (Figs 4D; 5B). Dorsal lobe absent on segment 2 (Figs 4C; 5A, C). Comb-like branchiae on segments 3–4, consisting of series of dense, flat lamellae. Branchiae on segment 3 larger and inserted more ventrally than those of segment 4 (Figs 4C–D; 5A, C). Pair of dorso-lateral glandular pads smooth adjacent to branchiae on segment 3 (Figs 4C; 5A, C). Dorso-lateral glandular pads absent on segment 4. Distinct ventral glandular lobes present on segments 3–6, becoming progressively more lateral and broader on segments 3–5 (Figs 4D; 5B). Segment 3 with broad ventral lobe, swelling and higher mid ventrally. Segment 4 with pair of humps near branchiae and pair of ventro-lateral lobes about equal width with hump, separated by shallow grooves. Segment 5 with pair of ventro-lateral lobes and mid-ventral lobe about 1/4 width of ventro-lateral lobes, separated from them by shallow grooves. Segment 6 with pair of ventro-lateral ventral lobe, and mid-ventral partions more posteriorly, separated by shallow groove (Figs 4D; 5B). Notopodia other than those of segment 1 which bear paleae, on segments 5–20 (16 pairs), each bearing two kinds of notochaetae; one winged from anterior row, bordered with serrations along distal portion, short, covered progressively with more spines from about middle to front of wing, on anterior surface; posterior row with stout, long and straight, tapering to an acute tip chaetae, covered with spines from mid-anterior portion to tip, on anterior surface (Fig. 6E–J). Neuropodia, 13 pairs on segments 8–20, each with raised torus with a transverse row of uncini; each uncinus with U-shaped anterior peg embedded into torus, several rows of minor teeth, two longitudinal rows of major teeth, each with about seven teeth (Fig. 6A–D). Segment 21 with pair of major lateral lobes without chaetae (Figs 4E–F, H; 5D, F). Scaphe long ovoidal, flattened dorsally; with five pairs of lobes on lateral-posterior margin including two pairs of narrow anterior lobes with triangle tip and three pairs of posterior rounded lobes; with three pairs of dorsal cirri under margin of the last three pairs of lobes; the last lobe with smooth lateral-posterior margin and a lappet adjacent to mid-line (Figs 4E–H; 5D–F; 6K–M). Anal flap round-leaf shaped, with smooth margin, with short anal cirrus (absent on paratype) (Figs 6E–G, H; 7D–G). Scaphal hooks about 26 pairs, amber, spear-shaped, almost straight, with blunt tip, arranged in transverse row on dorsal margin of scaphe (Figs 4E, I; 6N–O). A small rounded lobe on dorsal margin of scaphe in between rows of scaphal hooks (Figs 4E, H–I; 5D; 6K). Tube not collected. Methyl Green stained body distinctly green on cephalic veil, ventral lobes of segments 2–6, base of 2 nd pair of tentacular cirri, dorso-lateral pads of segment 3, neuropodia, regions between segment 20 and scaphe, margins of scaphe, and the posterior ventral half of the scaphe (Fig. 4A–B). Distribution. Daya Bay, northern South China Sea (Fig. 1). Habitat. Collected in mud in shallow water. Etymology. The species is named after the first name of Jinghuai’s son Jianqing Zhang for he was a lovely boy and gave the senior author some moral support on the taxonomy of polychaetes. Remarks. The new species Amphictene jianqingi n. sp. can be distinguished from other species of pectinariids by the following characters: cephalic veil free from operculum, with numerous cirri on margins; opercular margin with cirri or lappets; comb-like branchiae present on segments 3–4; dorso-lateral glandular pad smooth on segment 3; dorso-lateral glandular pads absent on segment 4; capillary notochaetae on segments 5–20; neurochaetae (uncini) on segments 8–20; dorsal cirri under lateral margin of the last three lobes on scaphe. The new species is very similar to A. alata Zhang, Zhang & Qiu, 2015 collected from the same locality and A. japonica (Nilsson, 1928) from Japan, as all have capillary notochaetae on segments 5–20, neurochaetae (uncini) on segments 8–20, numerous scaphal hooks, but A. jianqingi n. sp. differs from A. alata and A. japonica by having dorsal cirri on the lateral margin of scaphe. Otherwise, dorso-lateral pads of A. jianqingi n. sp. are smooth on segment 3, whereas those of A. alata have a crenulated margin on segment 3. Amphictene cercusa Zhang & Hutchings, 2019 is the other species with dorsal cirri on the lateral margin of scaphe, but differs from the new species by having capillary notochaetae on segments 5–21, and crenulated posterior margin (cirri) on the last lobes of scaphe., Published as part of Zhang, Jinghuai, Hutchings, Pat & Qiu, Jian-Wen, 2022, Pectinariidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from the coastal waters of China, with description of new species and new records, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 5151 (1) on pages 12-13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5151.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6630734, {"references":["Zhang, J., Zhang, Y. & Qiu, J. - W. (2015) A new species of Amphictene (Annelida, Pectinariidae) from the northern South China Sea. ZooKeys, 545, 27 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 545.6454","Nilsson, D. (1928) Neue und alte Amphicteniden. Goteborgs Kunge. Vetenskaps - och Vitterhets Samhalles Handlingar, Series 4, 33, 1 - 96."]}

Pectinaria dayaensis n. sp. Figs 17; 19–21. Material examined. Holotype: SCSMBC030911 (tissue sample sequenced), complete, Daya Bay, northern South China Sea, Guangdong Province, 114°33'13.0"E 22°35'30.0"N, 11 m, mud, coll. J. Zhang, Y. Gao & K. Chen, Jun 2015, sta. D05. Paratypes: SCSMBC030913, 1 spec. complete, Daya Bay, northern South China Sea, Guangdong Province, 114°45'15.2"E 22°31'59.9"N, 17 m, mud, coll. J. Zhang, Apr 2008, sta. DS23. SCSMBC030915, 1 spec. complete, mounted for SEM, Daya Bay, northern South China Sea, Guangdong Province, 114°33'14.0"E 22°35'29.0"N, 13 m, mud, coll. J. Zhang, Feb 2014, sta. DS00. SCSMBC030912, 1 spec. complete, mounted for SEM, Daya Bay, northern South China Sea, Guangdong Province, 114°33'13.0"E 22°35'30.0"N, 11 m, mud, coll. J. Zhang, Y. Gao & K. Chen, Jun 2015, sta. D05. SCSMBC030916 and SCSMBC030917, 2 specs, both distorted, Daya Bay, northern South China Sea, Guangdong Province, 114°33'10.8"E 22°35'34.8"N, 10 m, muddy sand, coll. J. Zhang, Y. Gao & K. Chen, Mar 2015, sta. D05. SCSMBC030918, 1 spec. complete, Daya Bay, northern South China Sea, Guangdong Province, 114°38'49.2"E 22°31'40.8"N, 20 m, muddy sand, coll. J. Zhang, Y. Gao & K. Chen, Jun 2015, sta. D01. SCSMBC030919, 1 spec. complete, Daya Bay, northern South China Sea, Guangdong Province, 114°39'49.9"E 22°40'04.0"N, 12.2 m, mud, coll. J. Zhang, Aug 2019, sta. ZQ056. Non type material examined. SCSMBC030928, 1 spec. complete, distorted, Daya Bay, northern South China Sea, Guangdong Province, 114°31'06.6"E 22°34'31.5"N, 9 m, mud, coll. J. Zhang, Apr 2008, sta. DS28. SCSMBC030923, SCSMBC030924, SCSMBC030925, and SCSMBC030927, 4 specs complete, distorted, Daya Bay, northern South China Sea, Guangdong Province, 114°31'06.6"E 22°34'31.4"N, 8 m, mud, coll. J. Zhang, Aug 2009, sta. DS28. SCSMBC030926, 1 spec. complete, but with distorted body, Daya Bay, northern South China Sea, Guangdong Province, 114°33'14.0"E 22°35'29.0"N, 12 m, mud, coll. J. Zhang, Jan 2014, sta. DS00. SCSMBC030920 and SCSMBC030921, 2 specs complete, both distorted, Daya Bay, northern South China Sea, Guangdong Province, 114°33'10.8"E 22°35'34.8"N, 10 m, muddy sand, coll. J. Zhang, Y. Gao & K. Chen, Mar 2015, sta. D05. SCSMBC030922, 1 spec. complete, but with distorted body, Daya Bay, northern South China Sea, Guangdong Province, 114°39'25.2"E 22°44'49.2"N, 8 m, mud, coll. J. Zhang, Y. Gao & K. Chen, Jun 2015, sta. D14. SCSMBC030914 (tissue sample sequenced), 1 spec. complete, but with distorted body, Daya Bay, northern South China Sea, Guangdong Province, 113°48'58.0"E 22°13'34.0"N, 23.8 m, mud, coll. J. Zhang & X. Lyu, Aug 2020, sta. SZ10. TIO908 SUMST09 H08, 1 spec. complete, distorted, Beibu Gulf, 109°05'54.0"E 17°49'15.0"N, 74 m, coll. Xiamen University, Experiment 2, Aug 2006, sta. H08. Description. Preserved specimen pale in colour, conical in shape (Figs 19A–C; 20A). Body length 4.6–28.1 mm (holotype 28.1 mm) including paleae and scaphe, width 0.8–4.3 mm (holotype 4.3 mm) at cephalic regions. Cephalic veil semicircular, free from operculum, with 10–21 smooth cirri (holotype 21) on anterior and lateral margins (Figs 19E; 20B). Pair of ear-shaped lobes adjacent to both sides of dorsal base of cephalic veil (Fig. 20B). Buccal tentacles with long mid-groove, arising from posterior to cephalic veil, extending beyond margin of cephalic veil (Figs 19E; 20B, G). Operculum semicircular; dorsal and lateral margins well developed, smooth; ventral margin (opercular ridge) with 11–14 pairs of golden paleae (holotype left 13, right 12), curved dorsally, acute with extended tips (Figs 19D; 20B–C). First pair of tentacular cirri extending beyond paleae, with annuli, arising from connection of opercular margin and paleal ridge (Figs 19D–E; 20C). Pair of small ventro-lateral lappets present behind tentacular cirri, near cephalic veil, on segment 1 (Figs 19E; 20B). Ventral region of segment 1 covered by ventral lobes of segment 2 (Figs 19E; 20B). Second pair of tentacular cirri almost same size with 1 st pair of tentacular cirri, extending beyond opercular anterior margin, with annuli, on latero-median connecting ridge on segment 2, inserted more dorsally than 1 st pair of tentacular cirri (Figs 19D–E; 20C). Pair of narrow ventro-lateral lobes and pair of broad ventral lobes on segment 2; ventro-lateral lobes connected with 2 nd pair of tentacular cirri, separated from these by shallow groove; ventral lobes smooth about 3x width of ventro-lateral lobes, separated by narrow groove. Dorsal lobe absent on segment 2 (Figs 19D; 20C). Comb-like branchiae on segments 3–4, consisting of series of dense, flat lamellae. Branchiae on segment 3 larger and inserted more ventrally than those of segment 4 (Figs 19D–E; 20C, E–F). Pair of dorso-lateral glandular pads present adjacent to branchiae on segments 3 and 4 respectively; dorso-lateral glandular pads on segment 3 more developed than those of segment 4 (Figs 19D; 20C). Distinct ventral glandular lobes present on segments 3–6, becoming progressively more lateral and broader on segments 3–5 (Figs 19D–E; 20B–C). Segment 3 with broad ventral lobe with slightly shallow mid-indentation, about 1/3 width of ventral lobe. Segment 4 with pair of ventro-lateral lobes and a mid-ventral lobe, separated from these by deep groove; each ventro-lateral lobe with a large lateral hump adjacent to branchia and a relatively small and more acute hump off mid ventral lobe; mid-ventral lobe broad rectangular almost equal or much broader than ventro-lateral lobes, with pair of papillae adjacent to corners (Figs 19F; 20D–E). Segment 5 with pair of ventro-lateral lobes and pair of short mid-ventral lobes about 1/3 width of ventro-lateral lobes, separated by shallow grooves. Segment 6 with pair of broad ventro-lateral lobes (distorted), separated by shallow grooves. Notopodia other than those of segment 1 which bear paleae, on segments 5–20 (16 pairs), each bearing two kinds of notochaetae; one winged from anterior row, bordered with serrations along distal portion, short, covered progressively with more spines from about middle to front of wing, on anterior surface; posterior row with stout, long and straight chaetae, tapering to an acute tip, covered progressively with more spines from mid-anterior portion to tip, on anterior surface (Fig. 21A–B). Neuropodia, 13 pairs on segments 8–20, each with raised torus with a transverse row of uncini; each uncinus with U-shaped anterior peg embedded into torus, several rows of minor teeth, 3–4 longitudinal rows of major teeth, each with about seven teeth (Fig. 21C–H), with more longitudinal rows of major teeth on ventral uncini of neuropodia than dorsal ones. Segment 21 with pair of broad lateral lobes without chaetae, each lateral lobe with a transverse row of continuous numerous lappets, size of lappets decreases from ventrum to dorsum (Figs 19G, I; 20H–I). Scaphe long ovoidal (distorted in holotype), flattened dorsally; with five pairs of lobes on lateral-posterior margin including three pairs of narrow anterior lobes, 4 th pair with relatively broad lobes with acute end, and pair of rounded more posterior lobes with continuous cirri on lateral-posterior margins, 1 st cirrus longer than following cirri (Figs 19G–I; 20H–K). Anal flap long tongue-shaped, with numerous cirri on lateral-posterior margin; with long, narrow, mid-dorsal anal cirrus (Figs 19I, K; 20J–K). Scaphal hooks 2–4 pairs (holotype 4 pairs), amber in colour, hooked, distinctly curved dorsally, with acute tip, arranged in a straight row almost perpendicular to dorsal margin of scaphe (Figs 19K; 20J). Dorsal margin of scaphe smooth, slightly arched dorsally. Tube not collected. Methyl Green stained body distinctly green on cirri of cephalic veil, ventral-lateral lappets on segment 1, ventral lobes of segments 2–6, base of 2 nd pair of tentacular cirri, dorso-lateral pads of segments 3–4, ventral region of some neuropodia, regions between segment 20 and scaphe, and ventral regions of scaphe (Fig. 19). Type locality. Daya Bay, northern South China Sea (Fig. 17). Other specimens were collected in Beibu Gulf, northern South China Sea. Habitat. Collected in mud or muddy sand sediment from 8–74 m. Etymology. The species is named after the type locality from Daya Bay, northern South China Sea. Remarks. The new species Pectinaria dayaensis n. sp. can be identified by the following characters: cephalic veil free from operculum, dorsal and lateral margins of semicircular operculum smooth, branchiae present on segments 3–4, mid-ventral lobe of segment 4 broad rectangular almost equal or much broader than ventro-lateral lobe and with pair of papillae adjacent to corners, capillary notochaetae on segments 5–20, neurochaetae (uncini) on segments 8–20, with 3–4 longitudinal rows of major teeth on uncinus. Pectinaria dayaensis n. sp. is very similar to P. xiukaii n. sp. and P. lizhei n. sp. with regards to the scaphal characters with continuous cirri on lateral-posterior margins on the last lobe of scaphe and numerous lappets or cirri on anal flap. They can be distinguished by the mid-ventral lobe on segment 4, specimen of P. dayaensis n. sp. has a broad mid-ventral lobe almost equal or much broader than ventro-lateral lobe; whereas segment 4 of P. xiukaii n. sp. has a narrow mid-ventral lobe about 1/2 width of ventro-lateral lobes. Segment 4 of P. lizhei n. sp. also has a broad mid-ventral lobe, almost same width with ventro-lateral lobe, but has 5–6 continuous triangular lappets on the mid-ventral lobe. Pectinaria dayaensis n. sp. only has a pair of papillae at the corners of mid-ventral lobe. Pectinaria lizhei n. sp. can be easily distinguished from other similar species which are recorded from Chinese waters. Pectinaria torquata Zhang & Qiu, 2017 has a distinct complete dorsal lobe on segment 2, whereas P. dayaensis n. sp. lacks a dorsal lobe on segment 2. Pectinaria antipoda Schmarda, 1861 and P. papillosa Caullery, 1944 have capillary notochaetae on segments 5–21, whereas P. dayaensis n. sp. has capillary notochaetae on segments 5–20. The number of pairs of paleae, and number of scaphal hooks of P. dayaensis n. sp. are significantly correlated with increasing body size (Fig. 22). The number of cirri on cephalic veil of P. dayaensis n. sp. also increases with body size, but not significantly (Fig. 22)., Published as part of Zhang, Jinghuai, Hutchings, Pat & Qiu, Jian-Wen, 2022, Pectinariidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from the coastal waters of China, with description of new species and new records, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 5151 (1) on pages 36-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5151.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6630734, {"references":["Zhang, J. & Qiu, J. - W. (2017) A new species of Pectinaria (Annelida, Pectinariidae), with a key to pectinariids from the South China Sea. ZooKeys, 683, 139 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 683.12272","Schmarda, L. K. (1861) Neue Turbellarian, Rotatorien und Anneliden Beobachtet und Gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde 1853 bis 1857. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 164 pp. [http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / ia / neuewirbelloseth 21861 schm]","Caullery, M. (1944) Polychetes sedentaire de l'Expedition du Siboga: Ariciidae, Spionidae, Chaetopteridae, Chloraemidae, Opheliidae, Oweniidae, Sabellariidae, Sternaspidae, Amphictenidae, Ampharetidae, Terebellidae. Siboga Expeditie, Leiden, 24, 1 - 204."]}

Pectinariidae Quatrefages, 1865 is widely distributed, and easily distinguished from other polychaetes by their characteristic semi-circular operculum with two rows of stout golden paleae and “ice-cream cone”-shaped tubes made of sand or shell fragments. A total of 387 specimens of pectinariids from the coastal waters of China were examined. Eleven species belonging to three genera of pectinariids were identified and described, including four new species (Amphictene jianqingi n. sp., Pectinaria lizhei n. sp., Pectinaria dayaensis n. sp., Pectinaria xiukaii n. sp.) and one new record (Pectinaria plurihamus Choi, Jung & Yoon, 2017). A key to genera of Pectinariidae and recorded species from Chinese waters is given. Based on partial sequences of five genes (COI, 16S rDNA, 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA and H3), the phylogenetic relationship of pectinariids is analyzed. The three new species Amphictene jianqingi n. sp., Pectinaria lizhei n. sp. and Pectinaria dayaensis n. sp. with molecular data are well supported. Three species of Lagis (L. koreni, L. bocki and L. plurihamus), five species of Pectinaria (P. dayaensis, P. dodeka, P. gouldii, P. lizhei and P. torquata), and three species of Amphictene (A. auricoma, A. alata and A. jianqingi) do not form a well supported clade, which requires more detailed analyses.

In Australia, the deep-water (bathyal and abyssal) benthic invertebrate fauna is poorly known in comparison with that of shallow (subtidal and shelf) habitats. Benthic fauna from the deep eastern Australian margin was sampled systematically for the first time during 2017 RV ‘Investigator’ voyage ‘Sampling the Abyss’. Box core, Brenke sledge, and beam trawl samples were collected at one-degree intervals from Tasmania, 42°S, to southern Queensland, 24°S, from 900 to 4800 m depth. Annelids collected were identified by taxonomic experts on individual families around the world. A complete list of all identified species is presented, accompanied with brief morphological diagnoses, taxonomic remarks, and colour images. A total of more than 6000 annelid specimens consisting of 50 families (47 Polychaeta, one Echiura, two Sipuncula) and 214 species were recovered. Twenty-seven species were given valid names, 45 were assigned the qualifier cf., 87 the qualifier sp., and 55 species were considered new to science. Geographical ranges of 16 morphospecies extended along the eastern Australian margin to the Great Australian Bight, South Australia; however, these ranges need to be confirmed with genetic data. This work providing critical baseline biodiversity data on an important group of benthic invertebrates from a virtually unknown region of the world’s ocean will act as a springboard for future taxonomic and biogeographic studies in the area.

Key to NE Atlantic species of Pectinariidae The key below is based on Gil (2011), who, in turn, adapted those from Fauchald (1977), Holthe (1986) and Hutchings & Peart (2002), and is also complemented with recent papers such as Nishi et al. (2014), Zhang & Qiu (2017), Nogueira et al. (2019) and Zhang et al. (2019). Several features concerning morphological changes of uncini related to growth as commented above are included. A formula confronting the number of chaetigers with only notopodia or dorsal chaetae (dc) vs those with biramous parapodia or also with ventral uncini (vu) is included as a key character for discriminating between genera. This is referred mostly for Icelandic specimens because of the many inconsistencies found in the literature across species (see Discussion). 1. Cephalic veil (tentacular membrane) smooth; scaphe indistinctly separated from abdomen; dc/vu = 17/14 (Petta)...................................................................................... Petta pusilla Malmgren, 1866 * ��� Cephalic veil cirrate; scaphe distinctly separated from abdomen; dc/vu not 17/14.......................... 2 2. Opercular rim with cirri (serrated) or lappets; dc/vu = 17/13 (Amphictene)................................................................................................................................ Amphictene auricoma (O.F. M��ller, 1776) ��� Opercular rim smooth; dc/vu = 17/13 or different............................................................................ 3 3. Cephalic veil attached to lateral margin of opercular rim; dc/vu = 16/12 (Lagis)........................................................................................................................................... Lagis koreni Malmgren, 1866 ��� Cephalic veil free from opercular rim; dc/vu not 16/12.................................................................... 4 4. Uncini with more than one longitudinal row of major teeth in well-developed specimens; dc/vu = 17/13 (Pectinaria).......................................................................... Pectinaria belgica (Pallas, 1766) * ��� Uncini with only one longitudinal row of major teeth in well-developed specimens; dc/vu = 17/12 (Cistenides)........................................................................................................................................ 5 5. Paleae short, with blunt tips; all uncini of pectinate type, with one vertical row of teeth, no dorsoventral variation in same unciniger or along the body...................... Cistenides granulata (Linnaeus, 1767) ��� Paleae long, with pointed tips; uncini shape avicular type in small and medium-sized specimens showing dorso-ventral variation; pectinate type (single vertical row of teeth) within the same chaetiger and along the body in large ones....................... Cistenides hyperborean Malmgren, 1866, Published as part of Parapar, Julio, Palomanes, Ver��nica, Helgason, Gudmundur V. & Moreira, Juan, 2020, Taxonomy and distribution of Pectinariidae (Annelida) from Iceland with a comparative analysis of uncinal morphology, pp. 1-32 in European Journal of Taxonomy 666 on pages 24-26, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.666, http://zenodo.org/record/3899270, {"references":["Gil J. 2011. The European Fauna of Annelida Polychaeta. PhD Thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.","Fauchald K. 1977. The polychaete worms. Definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series 28: 1 - 188.","Holthe T. 1986. Polychaeta Terebellomorpha. Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia 7, Norwegian University Press, Oslo.","Nishi E., Matsuo K., Kazama-Wakabayashi M., Mori A., Tomioka S., Kajihara S., Hamaguchi M., Kajihara M. & Hutchings P. 2014. Partial revision of Japanese Pectinariidae (Annelida: Polychaeta), including redescriptions of poorly known species. Zootaxa 3895 (3): 433 - 445. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3895.3.8","Zhang J. & Qiu J. W. 2017. A new species of Pectinaria (Annelida, Pectinariidae), with a key to pectinariids from the South China Sea. ZooKeys 683: 139 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 683.12272","Nogueira J. M. M., Ribeiro W. M. G., Carrerette O. & Hutchings P. 2019. Pectinariidae (Annelida, Terebelliformia) from off southeastern Brazil, southwestern Atlantic. Zootaxa 4571 (4): 489 - 509. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4571.4.3","Zhang J., Hutchings P. & Kupriyanova E. 2019. A revision of the genus Petta Malmgren, 1866 (Annelida: Pectinariidae), with two new species from deep waters of southeastern Australia, and comments on phylogeny of the family. Zootaxa 4614 (2): 303 - 330. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4614.2.3","Malmgren A. J. 1866. Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Ofversigt af Konglia Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forlandlingar, Stockholm 22: 355 - 410.","Muller O. F. 1776. Zoologicae Danicae Prodromus, seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae indigenarum characteres, nomina et synonyma imprimis popularium. Hallageriis, Havniae, Copenhagen. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13268","Linnaeus C. 1767. Systema Naturae. 12 th ed. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm."]}

Genus Amphictene Lamarck, 1818 Type species and type locality Amphictene auricoma M��ller, 1776. Denmark; type probably lost or never designated (Holthe 1986). Remarks The genus is characterized according to Hutchings & Peart (2002) by having neurochaetal uncini with major teeth arranged in two rows. However, an examination of BIOICE specimens of A. auricoma suggests that this character could be reassessed (see Discussion below)., Published as part of Parapar, Julio, Palomanes, Ver��nica, Helgason, Gudmundur V. & Moreira, Juan, 2020, Taxonomy and distribution of Pectinariidae (Annelida) from Iceland with a comparative analysis of uncinal morphology, pp. 1-32 in European Journal of Taxonomy 666 on page 5, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.666, http://zenodo.org/record/3899270, {"references":["Muller O. F. 1776. Zoologicae Danicae Prodromus, seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae indigenarum characteres, nomina et synonyma imprimis popularium. Hallageriis, Havniae, Copenhagen. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13268","Holthe T. 1986. Polychaeta Terebellomorpha. Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia 7, Norwegian University Press, Oslo."]}

Cistenides hyperborea Malmgren, 1865 Figs 1D, 2D, 3D, 4 E���H, 10 ��� 15 Cistenides hyperborea Malmgren, 1865: 360. Pectinaria hyperborea ��� Hessle 1917: 76. Pectinaria (Cistenides) hyperborea ��� Nilsson 1928: 31. ��� Pettibone 1954: 312, fig. 35c-h. ��� Holthe 1986: 25. ��� Hartmann-Schr��der 1996: 482. Material examined (125 specimens, 11.7% of total specimens identified, in ten samples) ICELAND ��� North coast ��� 1 spec.; BIOICE station 1, sample 2001; 65��21���19��� N, 13��47���61��� W; 19 Jul. 1991; 6.0��C; salinity unknown; 26 m depth; organic silt; IINH-40468 ��� 3 specs; BIOICE station 3, sample 2005; 65��20���88��� N, 13��18���64��� W; 19 Jul. 1991; 2.8��C; salinity unknown; 171 m depth; sandy silt and stones; MNCN 16.01/18015 ��� 1 spec.; BIOICE station 29, sample 2041; 65��48���61��� N, 14��34���01��� W; 24 Jul. 1991; 2.8��C; salinity unknown; 129 m depth; sediment unknown; IINH-40470 ��� 54 specs; BIOICE station 2, sample 2060; 66��00���61��� N, 17��31���78��� W; 2 Jul. 1992; temperature unknown; salinity unknown; 48 m depth; soft sediment; IINH-40471 ��� 3 specs; BIOICE station 3, sample 2064; 66��02���33��� N, 17��32���21��� W; 2 Jul. 1992; 5.4��C; 34.69 ppm; 102 m depth; mud; IINH-40472 ��� 16 specs; BIOICE station 16, sample 2097; 66��36���92��� N, 18��14���42��� W; 5 Jul. 1992; 4.88��C; 34.89 ppm; 110 m depth; sand and stones; IINH-40473 ��� 17 specs; BIOICE station 17, sample 2660; 67��14���41��� N, 15��28���42��� W; 15 Jul. 1994; 2.69��C; 34.90 ppm; 277 m depth; sandy silt; IINH-40474 ��� 5 specs; BIOICE station 5, sample 3108; 67��45���48��� N, 18��30���85��� W; 21 Aug. 1999; -0.21��C; 34.88 ppm; 328 m depth; sediment unknown; IINH-40475 ��� 23 specs; BIOICE station 23, sample 3249; 65��50���34��� N, 12��01���27��� W; 14 Jul. 2001; 1.92��C; 34.87 ppm; 192 m depth; sediment unknown; IINH-40476 ��� 24 specs; BIOICE station 24, sample 3252; 65��45���94��� N, 12��16���39��� W; 14 Jul. 2001; 1.48��C; 34.86 ppm; 232 m depth; sediment unknown; IINH-40477. Occurrence From off northern and north-eastern coast of Iceland (Fig. 1D). Depth range: 26 to 328 m; bottom temperature range: -0.21 to 6.00��C (Fig. 2D). Water mass/es: NSAIW, CW and MNAW. Remarks Cistenides hyperborea ��� type locality: Greenland and Spitzbergen (Holthe 1986) ��� is a poorly known species; the original description does not indicate the number of rows of teeth present on the uncini, although 1 to 3 rows have previously been mentioned for specimens assigned to this taxon (Hutchings & Peart 2002). Because type material was never designated (Holthe 1986), Hutchings & Peart (2002) suggested that specimens from the type locality need to be re-examined to ascertain the generic identity of this species. The examination of the Icelandic specimens here identified as C. hyperborea, covering a wide range of body sizes, shows a considerable variation in the shape of the neuropodial uncini, contrary to the expected, according to the description of the species. BIOICE specimens agree with previous descriptions (e.g., Pettibone 1954; Holthe 1986; Hutchings & Peart 2002) in: 1) having a smooth dorsal brim and cephalic veil free from operculum, provided with several well-defined cirri (Fig. 10A); 2) the relation between chaetigers with notochaetae versus those with also ventral uncini is 17/12; 3) the paleae are long, numerous, straight and with pointed tips (Figs 10A, 12A); 4) the scaphe has small lateral lobes (Fig. 11A) with a short and rounded anal lobe and anal papilla (Fig. 11B), and scaphal hooks are distally bent (Fig. 11 C���E). On the other hand, the aforementioned characters show, however, differences related to the size of the specimen. For instance, medium-sized and small individuals show a strait scaphe border with a verrucose anal lobe (Fig. 11 E���F), thinner paleae (Figs 12A, 13A) and the tip of the scaphal hooks is strongly curved (compare Figs 12F, 13F, 14F). The number and arrangement of teeth in the neuropodial uncini shows differences among BIOICE individuals, contrary to that observed in C. granulata. Two different types of uncini can be distinguished: 1) Uncini with 2���3 main teeth arranged in a vertical row. This is the typical teeth arrangement in the pectinate type for this species and the genus as well. We found this pattern in large specimens (Figs 3D, 10). 2) Uncini provided with a large basal tooth (rostrum) and an upper group of short teeth (capitium). This agrees with the typical avicular type present in many species of Terebellomorpha and found here in smaller specimens (Figs 3D, 12���13). SEM examination of BIOICE specimens seems to support the hypothesis that these differences are related to body size even though we did not examine the whole range of sizes (Fig. 3D). Uncini of large specimens (sample 3252, Fig. 10) do not show a variation either within an individual torus or along the body; on the contrary, mid-sized specimens (sample 2660, Fig. 12) show a progressive increase in the number of upper teeth, mostly in ventral uncini (Fig. 12C, E) and especially in posterior chaetigers (Fig. 12E), the latter having a well-defined capitium; dorsal uncini show, in turn, the usual shape as found in the genus (Fig. 12B, D). This pattern of variation is more evident in small specimens (sample 2041, Fig. 13), where the dorsal uncini are also of avicular type (Fig. 13 B���D), similar to ventral ones (Fig. 13E). Therefore, these results suggest that the BIOICE specimens of C. hyperborea show changes in the uncini shape during ontogenetic development and that the uncini type varies accordingly depending on the age of the specimen. This variation, as explained above, occurs within a torus and along the body; thus, as small specimens with the avicular type of uncini grow, and uncini are being replaced along the torus, there is a progressive decrease in the number of upper teeth and a loss of the rostrum finally resulting in a pectinate type with the typical formula of the genus (i.e., MF:1:1:1). Specimens from sample 2060 (Fig. 2D) found in a shallow bottom (48 m) in North Iceland, were also identified as C. hyperborea. Nevertheless, they show thicker paleae (cf. Fig. 14 vs Fig. 13) than similarsized specimens from other samples, and dorsal uncini are similar to those of larger specimens found elsewhere (Fig. 14B, D), while ventral ones (Fig. 14C, E) correspond to those of specimens of their size such as those of sample 2660 (Fig. 12C, E). Finally, scaphe hooks appear more strongly curved than would be expected for this species (cf. Fig. 14F vs Figs 11E, 12F, 13F). Therefore, this variation suggests that specimens from sample 2060 may correspond to another species (probably undescribed yet) within a potential species complex present in NE Atlantic waters, that should be assessed in future in combination with molecular studies. Finally, SEM micrographs show that the tip of the notochaetae is serrated (Fig. 15 A���B), and reveal the presence of perforations in the cuticle of the dorsal region anterior to the scaphe (Fig. 15 C���D) and of two types of ciliated fields: 1) rounded fields located before the scaphe and among the cuticular perforations (Fig. 15 C���D) and 2) one large field located dorsal to the anal lobe and anterior to the anal papilla (Fig. 15 E���F). These fields may be related to water irrigation, but certainly a future in-depth study is necessary., Published as part of Parapar, Julio, Palomanes, Ver��nica, Helgason, Gudmundur V. & Moreira, Juan, 2020, Taxonomy and distribution of Pectinariidae (Annelida) from Iceland with a comparative analysis of uncinal morphology, pp. 1-32 in European Journal of Taxonomy 666 on pages 12-22, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.666, http://zenodo.org/record/3899270, {"references":["Malmgren A. J. 1865. Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Ofversigt af Konglia Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forlandlingar, Stockholm 21: 51 - 110, 181 - 192.","Hessle C. 1917. Zur Kenntnis der terebellomorphen Polychaeten. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala 5: 39 - 258.","Nilsson D. 1928. Neue und alte Amphicteniden. Goteborgs Kungelige Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets Samhalles Handlingar, Series 4 33: 1 - 96.","Pettibone M. H. 1954. Marine Polychaete worms from Point Barrow, Alaska, with additional records from the North Atlantic and North Pacific. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 103 (3324): 203 - 356. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.103 - 3324.203","Holthe T. 1986. Polychaeta Terebellomorpha. Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia 7, Norwegian University Press, Oslo.","Hartmann-Schroder G. 1996. Annelida, Borstenwurmer, Polychaeta. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 58, 2 nd ed. Gustav Fischer, Jena.","Linnaeus C. 1767. Systema Naturae. 12 th ed. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm.","Malmgren A. J. 1866. Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Ofversigt af Konglia Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forlandlingar, Stockholm 22: 355 - 410."]}

Cistenides granulata (Linnaeus, 1767) Figs 1C, 2C, 3C, 4 C���D, 8 ��� 9 Sabella granulata Linnaeus, 1767: 1268. Pectinaria granulata ��� Hessle 1917: 77. Pectinaria (Cistenides) granulata ��� Nilsson 1928: 28. ��� Pettibone 1954: 312, fig. 35i���k. ��� Holthe 1986: 24. ��� Hartmann-Schr��der 1996: 482. Material examined (23 specimens, 2.2% of total specimens identified, in three samples) ICELAND ��� North and North East coast ��� 7 specs; BIOICE station 30, sample 2042; 65��49���56��� N, 14��32���94��� W; 24 Jul. 1991; 3.1��C; salinity unknown; 105 m depth; sediment unknown; MNCN 16.01/17988 ��� 9 specs; BIOICE station 27, sample 2126; 66��59���51��� N, 18��49���82��� W; 8 Jul. 1992; 2.7��C; 34.86 ppm; 208 m depth; sandy gravel and stones; IINH-40466 ��� 7 specs; BIOICE station 23, sample 3249; 65��50���34��� N, 12��01���27��� W; 14 Jul. 2001; 1.92��C; 34.87 ppm; 192 m depth; sediment unknown; IINH-40467. Occurrence From off northern and north-eastern coast of Iceland. Depth range: 105 to 208 m (Fig. 1C); bottom temperature range: 1.92 to 3.10��C (Fig. 2C). Water mass/es: MEIW. Remarks All diagnostic characters for this species ��� type locality: Northern Europe (Holthe 1986) ��� as stated by Holthe (1986) are present in BIOICE material: shape and number of paleae and cephalic veil (Figs 4C, 8A, 9A), scaphal shape, anal lobe and anal papilla (Fig. 8F). Ventral uncini agree well with those present in the genus, not showing variations within uncinigers nor along the body both in large (Fig. 8 B���E) and small (Fig. 9 B���F) specimens; there is only one row of teeth becoming progressively smaller in size from the uncinus base (at the level of the subrostral process) towards the distal end. This lack of variation, which has been considered the typical pattern in the family, was only found in C. granulata among the four pectinariid species in BIOICE samples., Published as part of Parapar, Julio, Palomanes, Ver��nica, Helgason, Gudmundur V. & Moreira, Juan, 2020, Taxonomy and distribution of Pectinariidae (Annelida) from Iceland with a comparative analysis of uncinal morphology, pp. 1-32 in European Journal of Taxonomy 666 on page 12, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.666, http://zenodo.org/record/3899270, {"references":["Linnaeus C. 1767. Systema Naturae. 12 th ed. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm.","Hessle C. 1917. Zur Kenntnis der terebellomorphen Polychaeten. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala 5: 39 - 258.","Nilsson D. 1928. Neue und alte Amphicteniden. Goteborgs Kungelige Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets Samhalles Handlingar, Series 4 33: 1 - 96.","Pettibone M. H. 1954. Marine Polychaete worms from Point Barrow, Alaska, with additional records from the North Atlantic and North Pacific. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 103 (3324): 203 - 356. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.103 - 3324.203","Holthe T. 1986. Polychaeta Terebellomorpha. Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia 7, Norwegian University Press, Oslo.","Hartmann-Schroder G. 1996. Annelida, Borstenwurmer, Polychaeta. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 58, 2 nd ed. Gustav Fischer, Jena."]}

[Abstract]: Based on samples collected during the BIOICE project off Iceland, four species of marine annelids belonging to the family Pectinariidae were identified: “Amphictene auricoma” (O.F. Müller, 1776), “Cistenides granulate” (Linnaeus, 1767), “Cistenides hyperborean” Malmgren, 1865 and “Lagis koreni” Malmgren, 1866. Taxonomic remarks and data on geographical and bathymetric distribution are presented. The distribution of each species off Iceland was evaluated and two patterns were defined: “C. granulate” and “C. hyperborean” were mainly found in waters off the northeast coast, while “A. auricoma” and “L. koreni” were found on the southern coast. Several body characters with taxonomic value in this family were reviewed under the stereo microscope and scanning electron microscope, with special emphasis on the neuropodial uncini. Remarks on these special chaetae are included in the diagnoses. Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; PGC2018-095851-B-C64

Genus Lagis Malmgren, 1866 Type species and type locality Lagis koreni Malmgren, 1866. Finnmark (Norway), lectotype in Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, designated by Nilsen et al. (1977) (see Holthe 1986). Remarks The diagnosis of the genus by Hutchings & Peart (2002) states that neurochaetal uncini have large teeth arranged in two or more rows. Examination of BIOICE specimens of L. koreni shows again that there are changes in teeth shape with increasing size of an individual, reflected in a progressive reduction in the number of teeth rows with the age of the animal. This still fits the diagnosis of the genus (���two or more rows���) but a better definition of uncini shape is needed. In contrast to the other species studied here, the uncini are, in all body sizes studied, of the pectinate type (see below)., Published as part of Parapar, Julio, Palomanes, Ver��nica, Helgason, Gudmundur V. & Moreira, Juan, 2020, Taxonomy and distribution of Pectinariidae (Annelida) from Iceland with a comparative analysis of uncinal morphology, pp. 1-32 in European Journal of Taxonomy 666 on page 22, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.666, http://zenodo.org/record/3899270, {"references":["Malmgren A. J. 1866. Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Ofversigt af Konglia Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forlandlingar, Stockholm 22: 355 - 410.","Nilsen R., Kirkegaard J. B. & Lemche H. 1977. Pectinaria Lamarck, 1818 (Polychaeta), and the species names P. belgica (Pallas, 1766) and P. koreni (Malmgren, 1866) to be validated under the plenary powers. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 34: 112 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 14601","Holthe T. 1986. Polychaeta Terebellomorpha. Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia 7, Norwegian University Press, Oslo."]}

Lagis koreni Malmgren, 1866 Figs 1B, 2B, 3B, 4 I���L, 16 ��� 17 Lagis koreni Malmgren, 1866: 360. Pectinaria koreni ��� Hessle 1917: 80. Pectinaria (Lagis) koreni ��� Fauvel 1927: 221. ��� Holthe 1986: 18. ��� Hartmann-Schr��der 1996: 483. ��� Kirkegaard 1996: 283. Material examined (801 specimens, 75.1% of total specimens identified, in ten samples) ICELAND ��� North Western Fjords ��� 1 spec.; BIOICE station 31, sample 2557; 66��21���90��� N, 23��04���93��� W; 14 Jul. 1993; 7.23��C; 34.34 ppm; 20 m depth; sand; IINH-40483. ��� South coast ��� 1 spec.; BIOICE station 553, sample 2388; 63��30���10��� N, 22��03���70��� W; 30 Jun. 1993; 7.13��C; 35.1 ppm; 171 m depth; silty sand; IINH-40478 ��� 1 spec.; BIOICE station 580, sample 2454; 63��20���10��� N, 21��10���20��� W; 4 Jul. 1993; 7.19��C; 35.08 ppm; 152 m depth; sediment unknown; MNCN 16.01/18034 ��� 3 specs; BIOICE station 582, sample 2459; 63��29���80��� N, 21��39���40��� W; 4 Jul. 1993; 7.10��C; 35.08 ppm; 125 m depth; silt; IINH-40480 ��� 3 specs; BIOICE station 583, sample 2463; 63��25���40��� N, 21��39���89��� W; 5 Jul. 1993; 7.12��C; 35.08 ppm; 133 m depth; silty sand and gravel; IINH-40481 ��� 6 specs; BIOICE station 588, sample 2477; 63��39���69��� N, 20��49���63��� W; 6 Jul. 1993;7.80��C; 34.92 ppm; 64 m depth; shelly sand; IINH-40482 ��� 4 specs; BIOICE station 715, sample 2818; 63��14���64��� N, 17��50���70��� W; 25 Aug. 1995; 7.18��C; 35.14 ppm; 206 m depth; silty sand; IINH-40484 ��� 770 specs; BIOICE station 718, sample 2827; 63��41���00��� N, 17��39���90��� W; 25 Aug. 1995; 8.79��C; 34.77 ppm; 44 m depth; sandy silt; IINH-40485 ��� 7 specs; BIOICE station 309, sample 3078; 63��28���16��� N, 19��33���18��� W; 13 Jul. 1997; 9.55��C; 33.97 ppm; 21 m depth; sediment unknown; IINH-40486 ��� 5 specs; BIOICE station 726, sample 3257; 63��20���10��� N, 19��52���20��� W; 11 Sep. 2001; 7.92��C; 35.19 ppm; 221 m depth; sediment unknown; IINH-40487. Occurrence Off south-western coast of Iceland (Fig. 1B). Depth range: 20 to 221 m; bottom temperature range: 7.10 to 9.55��C (Fig. 2B). The shallowest sample (2557; 20 m) was found in north-western fjords. The easternmost sample (2827; 44 m) contains the highest number of pectinariid specimens found in any BIOICE sample (770; 96.5%)). Water mass/es: MNAW. Remarks Body and chaetal features match well those of L. koreni provided by Holthe (1986), including the shape and number of paleae (Figs 4I, K, 16A, 17A), smooth opercular rim (Fig. 4I, K), cirrate cephalic veil (Fig. 17 A���B), a crenulated scaphe (Fig. 16F) provided with slightly distally curved hooks (Figs 16F insert, 17F), and 16 uniramous and 12 biramous segments (see Holthe 1986). However, SEM examination again reveals differences between the uncini features and those reported in the literature, that seem related to morphological variability according to size/age. Large and mid-sized specimens (Fig. 16 C���E) bear uncini as described in the literature, i.e., having 3���4 vertical rows with many teeth (6���8) of similar size each and showing no variation across the body or within an individual torus; by contrast, uncini of small specimens (Fig. 17 C���E) have more rows of teeth (5���7) in frontal view (Fig. 16E vs Fig. 17 D���E). Finally, SEM micrographs also show circular areas under the parapodia with segmentary arrangement (Fig. 16B); these are likely nephridial or glandular and may have a role in tube building, although this should be confirmed in future morphological studies., Published as part of Parapar, Julio, Palomanes, Ver��nica, Helgason, Gudmundur V. & Moreira, Juan, 2020, Taxonomy and distribution of Pectinariidae (Annelida) from Iceland with a comparative analysis of uncinal morphology, pp. 1-32 in European Journal of Taxonomy 666 on pages 22-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.666, http://zenodo.org/record/3899270, {"references":["Malmgren A. J. 1866. Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Ofversigt af Konglia Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forlandlingar, Stockholm 22: 355 - 410.","Hessle C. 1917. Zur Kenntnis der terebellomorphen Polychaeten. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala 5: 39 - 258.","Fauvel P. 1927. Polychetes sedentaires. Addenda aux errantes, archiannelides, myzostomaires. Faune de France 16: 1 - 494.","Holthe T. 1986. Polychaeta Terebellomorpha. Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia 7, Norwegian University Press, Oslo.","Hartmann-Schroder G. 1996. Annelida, Borstenwurmer, Polychaeta. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 58, 2 nd ed. Gustav Fischer, Jena.","Kirkegaard J. B. 1996. Havborsteorme II. Sedentaria. Danmarks Fauna 86: 1 - 451."]}

Amphictene auricoma (O.F. M��ller, 1776) Figs 1A, 2A, 3A, 4 A���B, 5 ��� 7 Amphitrite auricoma O.F. M��ller, 1776: 216. Amphictene auricoma ��� Malmgren 1865: 357. ��� Hutchings & Peart 2002: 103, table 1. Pectinaria auricoma ��� Hessle 1917: 78. ��� Jirkov & Leontovich 2013: 220, key. Pectinaria (Amphictene) auricoma ��� Fauvel 1927: 222. ��� Holthe 1986: 22. ��� Hartmann-Schr��der 1996: 480. ��� Kirkegaard 1996: 280. Material examined (117 specimens, 11.0% of all specimens identified, in 18 samples) ICELAND ��� North Western Fjords ��� 3 specs; BIOICE station 489, sample 2946; 65��47���90��� N, 25��38���70��� W; 28 Aug. 1996; 6.20��C; 35.05 ppm; 228 m depth; sandy silt; IINH- 40181 ��� 1 spec.; BIOICE station 489, sample 2947; 65��47���91��� N, 25��38���68��� W; 29 Aug. 1996; 6.20��C; 35.05 ppm; 227 m depth; sediment unknown; IINH-40211. ��� South West to South East coast ��� 1 spec.; BIOICE station 968, sample 2209; 63��59���01��� N, 23��34���13��� W; 3 Sep. 1992; 7.29��C; 35.07 ppm; 137 m depth; fine mud; IINH-40117 ��� 3 specs; BIOICE station 553, sample 2388; 63��30���10��� N, 22��03���70��� W; 30 Jun. 1993; 7.13��C; 35.10 ppm; 171 m depth; silty sand; IINH-27841 ��� 1 spec.; BIOICE station 564, sample 2417; 63��09���90��� N, 21��11���80��� W; 2 Jul. 1993; 7.08��C; 35.11 ppm; 259 m depth; sandy silt; IINH-40113 ��� 5 specs; BIOICE station 572, sample 2440; 63��20���21��� N, 19��49���55��� W; 4 Jul. 1993; 6.87��C; 35.10 ppm; 228 m depth; sandy silt; MNCN 16.01/17982 ��� 1 spec.; BIOICE station 572, sample 2441; 63��20���17��� N, 19��49���60��� W; 4 Jul. 1993; 6.87��C; 35.10 ppm; 228 m depth; sandy silt; IINH- 40119 ��� 1 spec.; BIOICE station 582, sample 2460; 63��29���65��� N, 21��39���10��� W; 5 Jul. 1993; 7.10��C; 35.08 ppm; 125 m depth; sediment unknown; IINH- 40127 ��� 42 specs; BIOICE station 583, sample 2463; 63��25���40��� N, 21��39���89��� W; 5 Jul. 1993; 7.12��C; 35.08 ppm; 133 m depth; silty sand and gravel; IINH-40155 ��� 4 specs; BIOICE station 715, sample 2817; 63��14���75��� N, 17��50���62��� W; 24 Aug. 1995; 7.18��C; 35.14 ppm; 204 m depth; sediment unknown; IINH-40165 ��� 5 specs; BIOICE station 717, sample 2824; 63��30���12��� N, 17��42���07��� W; 25 Aug. 1995; 7.24��C; 35.13 ppm; 120 m depth; gravelly sand; IINH-40166 ��� 6 specs; BIOICE station 723, sample 2837; 63��16���66��� N, 16��53���52��� W; 26 Aug. 1995; 6.74��C; 35.12 ppm; 601 m depth; sandy gravel and corals; IINH-40170 ��� 18 specs; BIOICE station 275, sample 2998; 63��38���20��� N, 14��43���50��� W; 5 Jul. 1997; 7.76��C; 35.19 ppm; 264 m depth; silty sand; IINH-40213 ��� 5 specs; BIOICE station 275, sample 2999; 63��38���20��� N, 14��43���60��� W; 5 Jul. 1997; 7.76��C; 35.19 ppm; 269 m depth; sediment unknown; IINH-40293 ��� 14 specs; BIOICE station 299, sample 3061; 63��59���49��� N, 14��09���21��� W; 10 Jul. 1997; 7.59��C; 35.16 ppm; 221 m depth; sediment unknown; IINH-40461 ��� 4 specs; BIOICE station 725, sample 3257; 63��20���10��� N, 19��52���20��� W; 11 Sep. 2001; 7.92��C; 35.19 ppm; 221 m depth; sediment unknown; IINH-40462 ��� 1 spec.; BIOICE station 734, sample 3275; 63��23���10��� N, 16��16���20��� W; 15 Sep. 2001; 7.97��C; 35.20 ppm; 305 m depth; sediment unknown; IINH-40463 ��� 1 spec.; BIOICE station 407, sample 3610; 63��58���80��� N, 25��30���48��� W; 12 Sep. 2003; 7.43��C; 35.17 ppm; 188 m depth; silty sand; IINH-40464. Occurrence From off West and South of Reykjanes Peninsula to H��fn at SE; two additional samples from off northwestern fjords (Fig. 1). Depth range: 120 to 305 m (sample 2837: 601 m, not shown); bottom temperature range: 6.20 to 7.97��C (Fig. 2A). Water mass/es: MNAW. Remarks Species of Amphictene bear a characteristic crenulated opercular rim, that is not present in other genera (Figs 4A, 5A). Amphictene auricoma ��� type locality: Denmark (Holthe 1986) ��� has been the only species of the genus reported in North Atlantic waters and also bears thick paleae with sharp tips (Fig. 5A), scaphe with crenulated margins (Fig. 6D), 17 uniramous and 13 biramous chaetigers, and distally curved scaphal hooks (Fig. 6E). However, Hutchings & Peart (2002: table 1) pointed out that there is ���a considerable variation recorded for this species��� in the North Atlantic. General morphology of BIOICE specimens agree well with previous descriptions and the aforementioned characters; however, SEM examination revealed that several pygidial and uncini features differ from what was described for A. auricoma. First, Holthe (1986: fig. 4c) and Hartmann-Schr��der (1996: fig. 234c) mentioned a long ���anal tongue��� and ���anal cirrus���, corresponding to the ���anal lobe��� and ���anal papilla��� (after Hutchings & Peart 2002), that are much shorter in BIOICE specimens (Fig. 6D). On the other hand, the uncini of A. auricoma have been described as having 1���2 vertical rows of main teeth (cf. Hartmann-Schr��der 1971: fig. 157b, and later works: Holthe 1986: fig. 4e; Hartman-Schr��der 1996: fig. 234b). However, SEM micrographs of BIOICE material shows a well-defined rostrum, surrounded in all its length by long teeth forming, in turn, a subrostral process (Fig. 6 A���B); the rostrum is surmounted by a capitium constituted by many large teeth not arranged in vertical lines (as described in the original description) but with a typical avicular arrangement (Figs 5 E���F, 6A���B). Anyway, these uncini may resemble in lateral view (Fig. 6C) the typical ones of A. auricoma and this may have led previous authors to confusion. In addition, uncinal denticulation shows dorsoventral variation within chaetigers depending on body size. Thus, in large specimens (Fig. 3A) uncini seem avicular along the whole torus (Fig. 5 E���F); in smaller ones, the avicular uncini are only found in the dorsal part of the torus (Fig. 7A, C) while in the ventral side all capitium teeth are similar in size and covering most of the rostrum (only showing the pointed distal end; Fig. 7B, D). This pattern is even more evident in the last unciniger, where the capitium teeth seem mixed with those of the subrostral process and leaving a small opening through which the tip of the rostrum is visible (Fig. 7E). Finally, we have found two longitudinal rows of ciliated tufts/patches along the whole ventral body surface (Fig. 5B) that have not been mentioned in the literature to the best of our knowledge, and those tufts may be related to water irrigation within the tube., Published as part of Parapar, Julio, Palomanes, Ver��nica, Helgason, Gudmundur V. & Moreira, Juan, 2020, Taxonomy and distribution of Pectinariidae (Annelida) from Iceland with a comparative analysis of uncinal morphology, pp. 1-32 in European Journal of Taxonomy 666 on pages 6-10, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.666, http://zenodo.org/record/3899270, {"references":["Muller O. F. 1776. Zoologicae Danicae Prodromus, seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae indigenarum characteres, nomina et synonyma imprimis popularium. Hallageriis, Havniae, Copenhagen. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13268","Malmgren A. J. 1865. Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Ofversigt af Konglia Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forlandlingar, Stockholm 21: 51 - 110, 181 - 192.","Hessle C. 1917. Zur Kenntnis der terebellomorphen Polychaeten. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala 5: 39 - 258.","Jirkov I. A. & Leontovich M. K. 2013. Identification keys for Terebellomorpha (Polychaeta) for the Eastern Atlantic and the North Polar basin. Invertebrate Zoology 10 (2): 217 - 243. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 10.2.02","Fauvel P. 1927. Polychetes sedentaires. Addenda aux errantes, archiannelides, myzostomaires. Faune de France 16: 1 - 494.","Holthe T. 1986. Polychaeta Terebellomorpha. Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia 7, Norwegian University Press, Oslo.","Hartmann-Schroder G. 1996. Annelida, Borstenwurmer, Polychaeta. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 58, 2 nd ed. Gustav Fischer, Jena.","Kirkegaard J. B. 1996. Havborsteorme II. Sedentaria. Danmarks Fauna 86: 1 - 451.","Malmgren A. J. 1866. Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Ofversigt af Konglia Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forlandlingar, Stockholm 22: 355 - 410.","Linnaeus C. 1767. Systema Naturae. 12 th ed. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm.","Hartmann-Schroder G. 1971. Annelida, Borstenwurmer, Polychaeta. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 58, 1 st ed. Gustav Fischer, Jena."]}

Petta williamsonae n. sp. Figs 12–14, Table 2 Material examined. Holotype AM W.50667, broken between segments 16–17: Paratype AM W.51459 (mounted for SEM), complete, Bass Strait, Australia: 39º27.72´S 149º16.56´E, 2760– 2692 m, coll. R/V “ Investigator ” Voyage 3 St. 022, Beam Trawl, May 2017. Description. Preserved specimens pale reddish in colour, dumb-bell shaped with broad anterior end and scaphe (Figs 13A; 14A). Body length 14.5–20.0 mm (holotype about 14.5 mm) including paleae and scaphe, width 2.3–2.9 mm (2.3 mm) at cephalic regions. Cephalic veil heart-shaped, free operculum, with smooth margin and short triangular anterior end (Figs 12B; 13A, D; 14B, D). Pair of lateral ear-shaped lobes (palps) adjacent to dorsal base of cephalic veil (Fig. 12C). Buccal tentacles with deep longitudinal grooves, arising from around buccal cavity, posterior to cephalic veil (Figs 12B; 13A; 14D). Lower lip not visible between buccal cavity and segment 1. Operculum semicircular; dorsal and lateral margins well developed, smooth; ventral margin (opercular ridge) with 14 pairs of amber-coloured, stout, long notopodial paleae, curved dorsally, with blunt tips (Figs 12A; 13B; 14C). First pair of tentacular cirri not extending beyond tips of paleae, annuli not distinct, arising from connection of opercular margin and paleal ridge (Figs 12 A–B; 13B; 14D). Pair of narrow triangular lappets present behind tentacular cirri, on both sides of segment 1, partly covered by ventral lobes of segment 2 (Figs 12B; 13E; 14D). Ventral region of segment 1 covered by ventral lobes of segment 2 (Figs 12B; 13A; 14B, D). Second pair of tentacular cirri almost same length as first, annulation indistinct, and displaced dorsally, on almost mid-lateral connecting ridge of segment 2 (Figs 12 A–B; 13B; 14D). Segment 2 with pair of broad ventrolateral lobes separated from each other by a narrow deep mid-ventral groove, each lobe with 7–8 continuous row of triangular lappets (Figs 12B; 13E; 14B, D). Two pairs of equal sized comb-like branchiae on segments 3–4, consisting of large basal hump and series of loose flat lamellae (Figs 12D; 13F; 14C). First pair of branchiae on segment 3 inserted more ventrally than those on segment 4. Pair of dorso-lateral pads small and smooth, arising from dorsal side of notopodia on segment 5 (Figs 12A; 13 B–C; 14C). Distinct ventral glandular lobes (pads) present on segments 2–7, becoming progressively more dorsal and broader on segments 3–5 (Figs 12B; 13 A–B; 14B). Humps near branchiae absent on ventral lobes (Figs 12B; 13B; 14B). Segment 3 with a pair of broad ventro-lateral lobes and a pair of mid-ventral lappets, separated from those by deep notches; ventro-lateral lobes smooth with rounded ventral margin; mid-ventral lappets oblong and narrow about 1/5 width of ventro-lateral lobes, and more posterior than ventro-lateral lobes (Figs 12B; 13A; 14B). Segments 4–6 with a pair of broad ventro-lateral lobes separated by a shallow median groove becoming progressively broader on segments 4–6. Segment 7 with a pair of broad ventro-lateral lobes separated from each other by median swelling about 1/5 width of ventro-lateral lobes. Notopodia of segment 1 with paleae, segments 5–21 (17 pairs) with two rows of chaetae; anterior row of shorter chaetae with distal serrated wings, anterior surface below wing to about mid-basal portion of chaeta covered with numerous minute spines; posterior row with about 1.4 times longer capillary chaetae, straight and stout, tapering to acute tips, anterior surface covered with numerous spines from mid-length to tip (Figs 12 H–I; 14F–G). Neuropodia on segments 8–21 (14 pairs), each with slightly raised torus bearing a transverse row of uncini. Each uncinus with one rounded anterior peg with blunt tip embedded into torus, followed by several rows of minor teeth on a swelling, a longitudinal row of two major teeth, each covered with many small teeth basally (Figs 12G; 14H). Neuropodia of segment 21 with enlarged posterior lobe (Figs 12 E–F; 13G–I). Scaphe long ovoid, flattened dorsally, well separated by a constriction from posterior segments. Lateral margins of scaphe dorsally rolled, with six pairs of lobes; first pair of lobes largest, connecting with dorsal margin of scaphe; posterior lobes narrow triangular, almost same size; dorsal margin of scaphe smooth with a median notch (Figs 12 E–F; 13G–I; 14E). Anal flap vestigial with oblong swollen area distally bearing long anal cirrus (Figs 12F; 13G, I). Anus located behind anal cirrus, between last pair of lateral lobes on scaphe. Scaphal hooks amber-coloured, nine pairs arising from both sides of dorsal margin of scaphe, with blunt tips slightly curved dorsally (Figs 12F; 14I). Tube broken, made of concretions and shell fragments. Distribution. Bass Strait, Australia (Fig. 1). Known only from type locality. Habitat. 2760– 2692 m. No substrate data available. Etymology. The species is named after Associate Professor Jane Williamson, Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia who faciliatated the research. Remarks. Petta williamsonae n. sp. can be distinguished from other species of Petta by the following characters: cephalic veil with smooth margin and short narrow triangular anterior end; 14 pairs of paleae; pair of narrow triangular lappets on segment 1; pair of short ventro-lateral lobes on segment 2, separated from each other by a narrow deep mid-ventral groove, with 7–8 triangular lappets per lobe; ventro-lateral lobes smooth on segment 3, with rounded inner angle; neurochaetae on segments 8–21; distinct constriction between the abdomen and the scaphe; anal flap vestigial with long anal cirrus; scaphal hooks 9 pairs, slightly curved. Petta williamsonae n. sp. is similar to P. tenuis from Sulu Sea, Phillipines and P. pellucida from Santarem Channel, Caribbean Sea as they all have smooth anterior end on cephalic veil and smooth ventro-lateral lobes on segment 3. However, Petta williamsonae n. sp. differs from the last two species as P. williamsonae n. sp. has the distinct constriction between the abdomen and the scaphe (Table 2). Petta williamsonae n. sp. differs from P. investigatoris n. sp. from Australian waters as the latter has continuous papillae on the ventro-lateral lobes of segment 3 and the scaphe is not clearly separated from posterior segments, and also P. williamsonae n. sp. has a smooth margin on the ventro-lateral lobes of segment 3 and a distinct constriction between the abdomen and the scaphe.

Petta pellucida (Ehlers, 1887) Fig. 6, Table 2 Pectinaria (Petta) pellucida Ehlers, 1887: 194–199, Taf. 44, Fig. 1–9. Material examined. Syntypes, MCZ ANNc-2559, 1 specimen in tube and 1 empty tube, Santarem Channel between Cay Sal Bank and Bahamas, Caribbean Sea, 270 m, coll. S. Bibb & L. F. Pourtales in 1868–1869. Description. Two complete tubes, one with specimen, broken, dried and twisted, yellow (Fig. 6 A–C). Based on damaged type. Operculum with 11 pairs of amber-coloured, long stout paleae curved dorsally, ending in blunt tips (Fig. 6A). Notopodia of segment 1 with paleae, other notopodia with two rows of different chaetae; anterior row with shorter chaetae with distal serrated wings, anterior surface below wing to about mid-basal portion of chaeta covered with numerous minute spines; posterior row with longer capillary chaetae, straight and stout, tapering to acute tips, anterior surface covered with numerous spines from mid-length to tip (Fig. 6 F–H). Neuropodia each with a transverse row of uncini on torus; each uncinus with one rounded anterior peg with blunt tip embedded into torus, followed by several rows of minor teeth on a swelling, one longitudinal row of two major teeth, both covered by many small teeth basally (Fig. 6 I–G). Last segment with notochaetae and neurochaetae (Fig. 6D). Scaphe contorted, 7 pairs of amber-coloured scaphal hooks arising from both sides of dorsal margin of scaphe, with blunt tips weakly curved dorsally (Fig. 6 D–E). Tubes slightly curved, almost straight, robust, made of large sand grains (Fig. 6B). Distribution. Santarem Channel between Cay Sal Bank and Bahamas, Caribbean (Fig. 1). Known only from the type locality. Habitat. 270 m, no information on sediments available. Remarks. The syntypes of P. pellucida are in poor condition and the label indicates that the material has dried out at some stage. This means that characters such as shape of cephalic veil and scaphe, number of segments with neurochaetae, presence of dorso-lateral pads in segment 5, and the shape of anal flap could not be examined. According to the description of Ehlers (1887), P. pellucida differs from P. pusilla in having a smooth anterior acute tip of the cephalic veil, a pair of ventral lobes on segment 1, and a narrow deep notch between ventral lobes of segment 2. We disagree with Nilsson (1928) ’s suggestion that P. pusilla and P. pellucida are synonymous as they were collected from very different biogeographical areas and we list characters distinguishing these species in Table 2. Petta pellucida is easily distinguished from P. assimilis that has continuous row of lappets on the ventro-lateral lobes of segment 3, whereas P. pellucida has smooth ventro-lateral lobes on segment 3. Petta pellucida has neurochaetae from segments 7 onwards according to Ehlers (1887), whereas in other all pectinariid species neurochaetae occur from segment 8. However, this cannot be confirmed on the type and perhaps Ehlers misinterpreted the segment numbering. Petta tenuis Caullery, 1944 Figs 7–8, Table 2 Petta tenuis Caullery, 1944: 75, Fig. 61. Material examined. Syntypes 2 specimens and 1 empty tube: NBC ZMA V.Pol. 1516, Sulu, Philippines 6º07.998´N 121º19.002´E, 275 m depth. Description. Based on both syntypes, although one has been dried and become twisted (Fig. 7 B–C). Preserved specimens pale in colour. Body cylindrical, curved dorsally (Fig. 7 B–D). Body length 16.6 and 18.9 mm including paleae and scaphe, width 2.2 and 2.3 mm at cephalic regions. Cephalic veil heart-shaped with pointed median extension, free from operculum, with smooth margins (Fig. 7 E–F). Pair of ventro-lateral ear-shaped lobes (palps) adjacent to dorsal base of cephalic veil. Buccal tentacles short, with longitudinal grooves, arising from around buccal cavity, posterior to cephalic veil (Fig. 7F). Ventral lower lip not visible between buccal cavity and segment 1 (Fig. 7F). Operculum semicircular; dorsal and lateral margins short and smooth; ventral margin (opercular ridge) with 11 pairs of amber-coloured, stout paleae, curved dorsally, and with long pointed tips (Fig. 7C). First pair of tentacular cirri annulated, arising from connection of opercular margin and paleal ridge, not extending beyond tips of paleae, cirri elongated with rounded tips arising from triangular base (Fig. 7E, G). Pair of long narrow ventral lappets present on segment 1, arising under ventral lobes of segment 2 (Fig. 7 E–F). Ventral region of segment 1 covered by ventral lobes of segment 2 (Fig. 7 E–F). Second pair of tentacular cirri almost same length as first, weakly annulated, and slightly displaced dorsally, inserted on latero-median connecting ridge of segment 2 (Fig. 7E, G) more elongated than 1 st pair arising from triangular base. Segment 2 with pair of broad ventro-lateral lobes separated from each other by narrow deep mid-ventral groove, left ventro-lateral lobe with 5 triangular lappets and right ventro-lateral lobe with 4 triangular lappets on one type (Fig. 7E, G), but not possible to count on the other type. Two pairs of similar sized comb-like branchiae on segments 3–4, consisting of large basal hump and series of loose flat lamellae (Fig. 7H). First pair of branchiae on segment 3 inserted more ventrally than 2 nd pair. Pair of dorso-lateral pads small and smooth, arising from dorsal side of notopodia on segment 5 (Fig. 7 G–H). Distinct ventral glandular lobes (pads) present on segments 2–7, becoming progressively more lateral and broader on segments 3–5 (Fig. 7 D–E). Hump near branchiae absent on ventral lobes of segment 4 (Fig. 7G). Segment 3 with a pair of smooth broad ventro-lateral lobes and a pair of mid-ventral lappets, separated from those by deep notches; ventro-lateral lobes with a triangular projection on ventral margin; mid-ventral lappets narrow about 1/6 length of ventro-lateral lobes, and more posterior than ventro-lateral lobes (Fig. 7E). Segments 4–6 with a pair of long ventro-lateral lobes separated by a shallow median groove becoming progressively broader on segments 4–6. Segment 7 with a pair of broad ventro-lateral lobes separated from each other by median swelling about 1/4 width of ventro-lateral lobes. Notopodia of segment 1 with paleae, segments 5–21 (17 pairs) with two rows of different chaetae; anterior row of shorter chaetae with distal serrated wings, anterior surface below wing to about mid-basal portion of chaeta covered with numerous minute spines; posterior row with longer capillary chaetae, straight and stout, tapering to acute tip, anterior surface covered with numerous spines from mid-length to tip (Fig. 8 C–F). Neuropodia 14 pairs on segments 8–21, each with slightly raised torus bearing a transverse row of uncini. Each uncinus with one rounded anterior peg with blunt tip embedded into torus, followed by several rows of minor teeth on a swelling, a longitudinal row of two major teeth, both covered with many small teeth basally (Fig. 8 G–H). Neuropodia on segment 21 with enlarged posterior lobe (Fig. 8B). Scaphe ovoid, flattened dorsally, not separated by a constriction from abdomen. Lateral margins dorsally rolled with six pairs of lobes; first pair of lobes largest and elongated, connecting with dorsal margin of scaphe; posterior lobes narrow triangular, almost same size; dorsal margin of scaphe smooth (Fig. 8 A–B). Anal flap vestigial with oblong swollen area distally bearing long anal cirrus (Fig. 8 A–B). Anus located behind anal cirrus, between last pair of lateral lobes on scaphe. Eight pairs of scaphal hooks, arising from both sides of dorsal margin of scaphe, ambercoloured, slightly curved dorsally, ending with blunt tips (Fig. 8I). Tube slightly curved, robust, made of sand grains and shells (Fig. 7A). Distribution. Sulu Sea, Philippines (Fig. 1). Known only from the type locality. Habitat. 275 m, no information on sediments available. Remarks. No holotype was designated by Caullery (1944) and the original description is based on two specimens (syntypes). The two syntype specimens of P. tenuis are twisted, and only one type could be examined for the morphological characters of the anterior and posterior ends. We have expanded the description to give details of a pair of lateral ear-shaped lobes (palps) adjacent to dorsal base of cephalic veil, pair of ventral lappets on segment 1, pair of dorso-lateral pads in segment 5, basal hump of branchia and details of uncini. Petta tenuis can be distinguished from other species of Petta by ventro-lateral lobes on segment 2 with 4–5 triangular lappets and ventrolateral lobes on segment 3 with a triangular projection on ventral margin (Table 2)., Published as part of Zhang, Jinghuai, Hutchings, Pat & Kupriyanova, Elena, 2019, A revision of the genus Petta Malmgren, 1866 (Annelida: Pectinariidae), with two new species from deep waters of southeastern Australia, and comments on phylogeny of the family, pp. 303-330 in Zootaxa 4614 (2) on pages 312-315, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4614.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3242403, {"references":["Ehlers, E. (1887) Reports on the results of dredging, under the direction of L. F. Pourtales, during the years 1868 - 1870, and of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877 - 78), and in the Caribbean Sea (1878 - 79), in the U. S. Coast Survey steamer \" Blake \", Lieut-Com. C. D. Sigsbee, U. S. N. and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U. S. N., commanding. XXXI. Report on the Annelids. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 15, 1 - 335. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65639","Nilsson, D. (1928) Neue und alte Amphicteniden. Goteborgs Kunge. Vetenskaps-och Vitterhets Samhalles Handlingar, Series 4, 33, 1 - 96.","Caullery, M. (1944) Polychetes Sedentaires de l'Expedition du Siboga: Ariciidae, Spionidae, Chaetopteridae, Chlorhaemidae, Opheliidae, Oweniidae, Sabellariidae, Sternaspidae, Amphictenidae, Ampharetidae, Terebellidae. Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Bonatisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900, XXIV 2 bis, 1 - 204."]}

Zhang, Jinghuai, Hutchings, Pat, Kupriyanova, Elena (2019): A revision of the genus Petta Malmgren, 1866 (Annelida: Pectinariidae), with two new species from deep waters of southeastern Australia, and comments on phylogeny of the family. Zootaxa 4614 (2): 303-330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4614.2.3

Petta investigatoris n. sp. Figs 9���11, Table 2 Material examined: Holotype AM W.50672, Jervis Commonwealth Marine Reserve (CMR), Australia, 35��19.98��S 151��15.48��E, 2650��� 2636 m, R/V ��� Investigator ���, Voyage 3 St. 56, Beam trawl, May 2017. Paratypes: AM W.50671, 1 specimen, Jervis CMR, Australia, 35��19.98��S 151��15.48��E, 2650��� 2636 m, R/V ��� Investigator ���, Voyage 3 St. 056, Beam Trawl, May 2017; AM W.50668, 1 specimen, Freycinet CMR, Australia, 36��21.042��S 150��54.858��E, 2793 m, R/V ��� Investigator ���, Voyage 3 St. 11, biological box corer, May 2017; AM W.50670, 1 specimen, East Gippsland CMR, Australia, 37��47.52��S 150��22.92��E, 2338���2581 m, R/V ��� Investigator ��� Voyage 3 St. 035, Beam Trawl, May 2017; AM W.50669, 1 specimen, Bass Strait, Australia, 39��27.72��S 149��16.56��E, 2760��� 2692 m, R/V ��� Investigator ��� Voyage 3 St. 22, Beam Trawl, May 2017; AM W.50666, 1 specimen, Freycinet CMR, Australia, 41��43.83��S 149��7.182��E, 2820��� 2751 m, coll. R/V ��� Investigator ��� Voyage 3 St. 4, Beam Trawl, May 2017. Description. Preserved specimens pale reddish in colour, cylindrical in shape (Figs 9A; 10 B���C). Body length of holotype 20.1 mm including paleae and scaphe, width 2.7 mm at cephalic regions. Cephalic veil heart-shaped, free from operculum, with narrow triangular anterior end and smooth margin (Figs 9C; 10D). Pairs of lateral ear-shape lobes (palps) adjacent to dorsal base of cephalic veil (Fig. 9F). Buccal tentacles with broad longitudinal deep grooves, arising from around buccal cavity, posterior to cephalic veil (Figs 9C; 10D). Lower lip not visible between buccal cavity and segment 1. Operculum semicircular; dorsal and lateral margins well developed, smooth; ventral margin (opercular ridge) with 13 pairs (holotype) of amber-coloured, stout long notopodial paleae, curved dorsally, with blunt tips (Figs 9B; 10E). First pair of tentacular cirri not extending beyond tips of paleae, not distinctly annulated, arising from connection of opercular margin and paleal ridge (Figs 9C; 10D). Pair of narrow triangular ventral lappets present behind tentacular cirri, on both sides of segment 1, partly covered by ventral lobes of segment 2 (Figs 9C; 10D). Ventral region of segment 1 covered by ventral lobes of segment 2 (Figs 9C; 10D). First and 2 nd pairs of tentacular cirri almost same length, annuli not distinct, 2 nd pair inserted more dorsally than 1 st pair, on almost mid-laterally connecting ridge of segment 2 (Figs 9 A���B; 10D���E). Segment 2 with pair of broad ventro-lateral lobes, each with 7���8 triangular lappets, separated from each other by a narrow and deep mid-ventral groove (Figs 9C; 10D). Two pairs of similar sized comb-like branchiae on segments 3���4, each consisting of large basal hump and series of loose, flat lamellae (Figs 9G; 10F). First pair of branchiae on segment 3 inserted more ventrally than those on segment 4. Pair of dorso-lateral pads small and smooth, arising from dorsal side of notopodia on segment 5 (Figs 9B; 10E). Distinct ventral glandular lobes (pads) present on segments 2���7, becoming progressively more dorsal and broader on segments 3���5 (Figs 9A, C; 10 D���E). Segment 3 with a pair of broad ventro-lateral lobes and a pair of short mid-ventral lappets, separated from those lobes by deep notches; ventro-lateral lobes with continuous row of papillae; mid-ventral lappets square rounded and narrow about 1/6 width of ventro-lateral lobes, and more posterior than ventro-lateral lobes (Figs 9C; 10D). Segments 4���6 with a pair of broad ventro-lateral lobes separated from each other by a shallow median groove becoming progressively broader on segments 4���6. Segment 7 with a pair of ventro-lateral lobes separated from each other by a median swelling about 1/3 width of ventro-lateral lobes. Notopodia of segment 1 with paleae, segments 5���21 (17 pairs) with two rows of chaetae; anterior row of shorter chaetae with distal serrated wings, anterior surface from below wing to about mid-basal portion of chaeta covered with numerous minute spines; posterior row with about 1.5 times longer capillary chaetae, straight and stout, tapering to acute tips, anterior surface covered with numerous spines from mid-length to tip (Figs 9 I���J; 11A���C). Neuropodia on segments 8���21 (14 pairs), each with slightly raised torus bearing a transverse row of uncini. Each uncinus with one rounded anterior peg with blunt tip embedded into torus, followed by several rows of minor teeth on a swelling, one longitudinal row of two major teeth, both covered by many small teeth basally (Figs 9H; 11 D���E). Neuropodia on segment 21 with elongated posterior lobe (Figs 9A, E; 10I). Scaphe long ovoid, flattened dorsally, not distinctly separated by a constriction from posterior segments. Lateral margins dorsally rolled, with six pairs of lobes; first pair of lobes largest, connected to dorsal margin of scaphe; posterior lobes triangular, almost same size; dorsal margin of scaphe smooth with shallow median notch (Figs 9 D���E; 10F���H). Anal flap vestigial with oblong swollen area distally bearing long anal cirrus (Figs 9E; 10F). Anus located behind anal cirrus, between last pair of lateral lobes of scaphe. Nine pairs of scaphal hooks in the holotype, straight, amber-coloured, with blunt tips, on both sides of dorsal margin of scaphe (Figs 9E; 10I). Tube slightly curved, made of coagulations and shells (Fig. 10A). Variability. The paratypes vary in length from 14.5 to 21.8 mm, including paleae and scaphe, width 2.3���3.1 mm at cephalic regions. Paleae 12���13 pairs. Scaphal hooks 9���12 pairs. Paratypes (AM W.50668 and AM W.50669) only with 3���4 papillae on ventro-lateral of segment 3. Some specimens with deep median notch on dorsal margin of scaphe. Distribution. Jervis CMR to Freycinet CMR along south-eastern coasts of Australia (Fig. 1). Habitat. 2338���2820 m. No substrate data available. Etymology. The species is named ��� investigatoris ��� after the Australian Marine National Facility R/V ��� Investigator ��� because these specimens were collected during the 2017 ���Sampling the Abyss��� cruise on board this ship. Remarks. Petta investigatoris n. sp. can be distinguished from other species of Petta by the following characters: ventral lappets on segment 1 partly covered by ventral lobes of segment 2; short ventro-lateral lobes on segment 2 separated from each other by a narrow mid-ventral groove, and with 7���8 triangular lappets per lobe; ventrolateral lobes with continuous rows of papillae on segment 3; straight scaphal hooks (Table 2). Petta investigatoris n. sp. is similar to P. assimilis as they both share continuous row of papillae on ventro-lateral lobes of segment 3. However, P. assimilis has a scale-like anal flap without anal cirrus and 4���5 lappets (fimbriae) on ventro-lateral lobes of segment 2, while P. investigatoris n. sp. has a vestigial anal flap with long anal cirrus and 7���8 lappets on the ventro-lateral lobes of segment 2., Published as part of Zhang, Jinghuai, Hutchings, Pat & Kupriyanova, Elena, 2019, A revision of the genus Petta Malmgren, 1866 (Annelida: Pectinariidae), with two new species from deep waters of southeastern Australia, and comments on phylogeny of the family, pp. 303-330 in Zootaxa 4614 (2) on pages 316-320, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4614.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3242403

Petta Malmgren, 1866 is a small and poorly known genus of the annelid family Pectinariidae Quatrefages, 1866. Prior to this study, the genus comprised four species P. pusilla Malmgren, 1866 (type locality Gullmarsfjord, west coast of Sweden), P. assimilis McIntosh, 1885 (type locality between Prince Edward and Kerguelen Island, southern Indian Ocean), P. pellucida (Ehlers, 1887) (type locality Santarem Channel between Cay Sal Bank and Bahamas, Caribbean Sea) and P. tenuis Caullery, 1944 (type locality Sulu, Philippines, tropical Pacific Ocean), the two last ones were known only from the original description. We revised the genus by re-examining the types and providing updated illustrated re-descriptions of its species, except for P. assimilis of which the type material has been lost. Commonly used morphological characters of the genus are expanded to also include new ones such as the presence of pair of lateral ear-shaped lobes adjacent to dorsal base of cephalic veil, pair of ventral lappets on segment 1, pair of dorso-lateral pads on segment 5, large basal hump on branchiae, and a rounded anterior peg with a blunt tip and a longitudinal row of two major teeth on uncini. The type species P. pusilla is recognised as having four lappets on the anterior margins of cephalic veil and a large lower lip posterior to buccal cavity. Two species P. investigatoris n. sp. and P. williamsonae n. sp. are described from deep water off the coast of southeastern Australia and represent the first records of this genus in Australian waters. A phylogenetic position of one new species was assessed in the framework of a phylogeny based on a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (mtCOI). An updated taxonomic key to Pectinariidae genera and all species of Petta is given.

Amphictene uniloba Hutchings & Peart, 2002 Figs 8���9, Table 1 Amphictene uniloba Hutchings & Peart, 2002: 99 ��� 127, figs 4 ��� 5 & 6 ��� 8. Material examined. Australia, New South Wales: AM W.25612 (Holotype), AM W.25613 (Paratypes), 3 specs, Jibbon Beach, near Cronulla, 34��03���S 151��09���E, 100 m, coll. R.J. MacIntyre, 05 Dec 1965. Additional material examined. Australia, New South Wales: AM G.11197, 1 spec., Port Stephens, 32��42���S 152��06���E, Sep 1908; AM W.24196, 2 specs (1 spec. mounted for SEM), off Cronulla, 34��04���S 151��14���E, 80 m, coll. R.J. MacIntyre, 12 Aug 1964. Description. Based on all material examined. Preserved specimens pale reddish in colour, conical in shape (Fig. 8A, B). Body length 20.0 ��� 35.0 mm (holotype 33.0 mm) including paleae and scaphe, width 4.2 ��� 6.0 mm (holotype 4.5 mm) at cephalic regions. Cephalic veil oval, free from operculum, with 26 ��� 32 (holotype 26) smooth cirri on anterior and 2/3 of lateral margins (Figs 8A; 9A). Pair of ear-shaped lobes adjacent to both sides of dorsal base of cephalic veil. Buccal tentacles with wide longitudinal grooves, arising posterior to cephalic veil (Figs 8A; 9A). Operculum semicircular; dorsal and lateral margin well developed, with 26 ��� 32 (holotype 29) triangular lappets; ventral margin (opercular ridge) with 11 ��� 13 (holotype with 12 left, 13 right) pairs of golden paleae, curved dorsally, acute with extended tips (Figs 8A ��� C; 9A ��� B). First pair of tentacular cirri extending to tips of paleae, with annuli, arising from connection of opercular margin and paleal ridge (Figs 8B ��� C; 9A ��� B). Pair of small ventral lappets present ventrally to tentacular cirri, near cephalic veil on segment 1. Ventral region of segment 1 covered by buccal tentacles and ventral lobes of segment 2 (Figs 8A; 9A). Second pair of tentacular cirri extending beyond opercular margin, with annuli, on latero-median connecting ridge on segment 2, inserted more dorsally than 1 st pair of tentacular cirri (Figs 8C; 9B). Segment 2 with ventral lobes as pair of broad ventro-lateral lobes separated by shallow grooves from base of 2 nd pair of tentacular cirri, and narrow mid-ventral lobe about 1/4 width of ventro-lateral lobes (Figs 8A; 9A). Dorsal lobe absent on segment 2 (Figs 8C; 9B). Comb-like branchiae on segments 3 ��� 4, consisting of series of dense, flat lamellae (Figs 8B ��� C; 9A ��� B). Branchiae on segment 3 larger and inserted more ventrally than those of segment 4. Pair of small dorso-lateral glandular pads present adjacent to branchiae on segments 3 and 4 (Figs 8B ��� C; 9B). Distinct ventral glandular lobes present on segments 3 ��� 6, becoming progressively more lateral and broader on segments 3 ��� 5 (Figs 8A ��� B; 9A ��� B). Hump near branchiae obscure on segment 4. Segment 3 with broad ventral lobe, higher at mid-line (Figs 8A; 9A). Segment 4 with pair of broad ventro-lateral lobes and narrow mid-ventral lobe about 1/2 width of ventro-lateral lobes, separated from those by shallow grooves. Segment 5 with pair of broad ventro-lateral lobes and narrow mid-ventral lobe about 1/2 width of ventro-lateral lobes, separated from those by shallow grooves. Segment 6 with pair of broad ventro-lateral lobes and pair of narrow mid-ventral lobes about 1/4 width of ventro-lateral lobes, separated from those by shallow grooves. Segment 7 with pair of ventro-lateral lobes interrupted mid-ventrally (Figs 8A; 9A). Notopodia other than those of segment 1 which bear paleae, on segments 5 ��� 21 (17 pairs), each bearing two kinds of notochaetae; one winged, bordered with serrations along distal portion, covered progressively with more spines from about middle to front of wing, on anterior surface; other stout, straight, tapering to an acute tip, covered progressively with more spines from mid-anterior portion to end, on anterior surface (Fig. 9F). Neuropodia, 13 pairs on segments 8 ��� 20, each with slightly raised torus with transverse row of uncini; each uncinus with U-shaped anterior peg embedded into torus, several rows of minor teeth, one large tooth and 2 ��� 4 longitudinal rows of major teeth, with number of teeth per row decreasing from centre to side, up to eight teeth per row (Fig. 9G). Segment 21 with pair of ventro-lateral lobes near notopodia (Figs 8A ��� B; 9C). Scaphe long ovoidal, flattened dorsally, divided into three anterior narrow lobes, two medial, broad triangular or rounded lobes, plus small rounded lobe on each lateral margin; distal margin with contiguous rounded lappets near anal flap (Figs 8D ��� E; 9C ��� E). Anal flap long triangular with smooth margin and short cirrus dorsally (Figs 8D ��� E; 9D ��� E). Scaphal hooks 5 ��� 7 (holotype 6) pairs, amber, tip pointed and strongly curved (Fig. 9H). Tube conical with wide opening, slightly curved, fragile wall made of sand grains and shells (Fig. 8F). Methyl Green stained body distinctly green on ventral lobes of segments 2���6, base of 2 nd pair of tentacular cirri, and dorso-lateral pads of segments 3���4 (Fig. 8 A���C). Distribution. New South Wales (Fig. 1). Habitat. Found in 80��� 100 m. Remarks. We have expanded the original description of Amphictene uniloba Hutchings & Peart, 2002, providing additional images of the holotype and described some additional structures including the presence of a pair of lateral ear-shaped lobes adjacent to both sides of dorsal base of cephalic veil, pair of small ventral lappets on segment 1, provided details of ventral lobes on segments 3���6, and additional details re the structure of the uncini and the scaphal lateral lobes. Amphictene uniloba can be distinguished from all other described species of Amphictene by the following combination of characters: opercular dorsal and lateral margin with triangular lappets without cirri; posterior margin of scaphe with contiguous rounded lappets near anal flap; 5 ��� 7 pairs of small scaphal hooks with strongly curved tips and uncini with 1 ��� 6 longitudinal rows of major teeth, and with a large tooth in the middle of the uncini (Table 1). The species can be easily distinguished from the other Australian species of Amphictene: A. favona which has a dorsal lobe on segment 2 and more pairs of scaphal hooks which are straight; and A. lizardensis which has numerous cirri on the lateral and dorsal opercular margins and 3 ��� 6 longitudinal rows of major uncinial teeth., Published as part of Zhang, Jinghuai & Hutchings, Pat, 2019, A revision of Australian Pectinariidae (Polychaeta), with new species and new records, pp. 1-70 in Zootaxa 4611 (1) on pages 16-19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4611.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3229987, {"references":["Hutchings, P. & Peart, R. (2002) A review of the genera of Pectinariidae (Polychaeta) together with a description of the Australian Fauna. Records of the Australian Museum, 54, 99 - 127. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.54.2002.1356"]}

Amphictene cercusa n. sp. Figs 10–12, Table 1 Material examined. Australia, Queensland: Holotype: AM W.18121, Pallarenda Beach, N of Townsville, 19°12’S, 146°46’E, intertidal, coll. R. Muffley, 11 Nov 1977. Description. Holotype, pale reddish in colour after preservation, long barrel in shape (Fig. 11A – B). Body length 33.0 mm including paleae and scaphe, width 3.0 mm at cephalic regions (Fig. 11A – B). Cephalic veil oval, broken, free from operculum, with smooth cirri on anterior margin and 2/3 lateral margin (Figs 10B; 11A, D). Pair of ear-shaped lobes adjacent to both sides of dorsal base of cephalic veil. Buccal tentacles arising from posterior to cephalic veil, but most detached (Figs 10B; 11A, D). Operculum semicircular; dorsal and lateral margin well developed, with 27 triangular lappets or cirri; ventral margin (opercular ridge) with nine pairs of golden paleae, curved dorsally, acute with extended tips (Figs 10A; 11B – C, E). First pair of tentacular cirri extending beyond paleae, with annuli, arising from connection of opercular margin and paleal ridge (Figs 10A – B; 11A, C). Pair of small ventral lappets present behind tentacular cirri, near cephalic veil, on segment 1 (Figs 10B; 11D). Ventral region of segment 1 covered by ventral lobes of segment 2 (Figs 10B; 11D). Second pair of tentacular cirri with annuli, extending beyond opercular margin, on latero-median connecting ridge on segment 2, inserted more dorsally than 1 st pair of tentacular cirri (Figs 10A; 11C, E). Segment 2 with ventral lobes as pair of broad ventro-lateral lobes separated by grooves from base of 2 nd pair of tentacular cirri, and narrow mid-ventral lobe with pair of swellings, about 1/2 width of ventro-lateral lobes (Figs 10B; 11A, D). Dorsal lobe absent on segment 2 (Figs 10A; 11C, E). Comb-like branchiae on segments 3 – 4, consisting of series of dense, flat lamellae (Figs 10A – B; 11B – E). Branchiae of similar size but those on segment 3 inserted more ventrally than those on segment 4. Pair of small dorso-lateral glandular pads present adjacent to branchiae on segment 3 (Figs 10A; 11B – C, E). Ventral glandular lobes present on segments 3 – 6, becoming progressively more lateral and broader from segments 3 – 5 (Figs 10B; 11C – D). Hump present near branchiae on segment 4. Segment 3 with ventral lobe, curved anteriorly. Segment 4 with pair of ventro-lateral lobes and mid-ventral lobe almost 1/3 width of ventro-lateral lobes, separated from those by deep grooves. Segment 5 with pair of ventro-lateral lobes and mid-ventral lobe about 1/3 width of ventro-lateral lobes, separated from those by shallow grooves. Segment 6 with pair of broad ventral lobes, separated from each other by median shallow groove (Figs 10B; 11D). Notopodia other than those of segment 1 which bear paleae, on segments 5 – 21 (17 pairs), each bearing two kinds of notochaetae; one winged from anterior row, bordered with serrations along distal portion, covered progressively with more spines from middle to front of wing, on anterior surface; other from posterior row, stout, straight, tapering to an acute tip, covered progressively with more spines from mid-anterior portion to tip, on anterior surface (Figs 10D; 11A – B; 12A, C). Neuropodia, 13 pairs on segments 8 – 20, each with slightly raised torus with transverse row of uncini; each uncinus with U-shaped anterior peg embedded into torus, several rows of minor teeth, and three longitudinal rows of major teeth, each with 7 – 8 teeth (Figs 10E – F; 12B). Segment 21 with pair of ventro-lateral lobes near notopodia (Figs 10C; 11 F). Scaphe rectangular with rounded posterior margin, flattened dorsally, divided into two anterior narrow lobes and four posterior broader rounded lobes on each lateral margin; posterior margin with contiguous rounded lappets near anal flap; each with one dorsal cirri under margins of lateral lobes 2 – 5, posterior cirri longer than anterior ones (Figs 10C; 11F – H). Anal flap oblong tongue, with short dorsal cirrus (Figs 10A; 11H – I). Scaphal hooks 11 pairs, amber, almost straight, with blunt tip, arranged in transverse row on dorsal margin of scaphe (Figs 10G; 12D). Tube not collected. Methyl Green stained body distinctly green on cirri of cephalic veil, ventral lobes of segments 2–6, base of 2 nd pair of tentacular cirri, dorso-lateral pads of segment 3, neuropodia, regions between segment 21 and scaphe, margins of scaphe, and the last half of scaphal ventrum (Fig. 11 A–G). Type locality. Australia, N Queensland (Fig. 1). Habitat. Collected intertidally on sandy beach. Etymology. The species is named from a latin word “cercus” referring to posterior appendages, as the species has four pairs of dorsal cirri on lateral margins of scaphe. Remarks. Paleae and cephalic veil of the specimen are damaged, presumably during collection and also segments 11 – 14 are slightly damaged. But Amphictene cercusa n. sp. can be easily distinguished from all other Amphictene species by having four pairs of dorsal cirri under the lateral lobes of the scaphe (Table 1). Other distinguishing characters are: rectangular scaphe; posterior part margin of scaphe with contiguous rounded lappets near anal flap; 11 pairs of straight scaphal hooks; dorso-lateral pads present only on segment 3 and uncini with three longitudinal rows of major teeth. The scaphal hooks of A. cercusa n. sp., are similar to those of A. alata Zhang, Zhang & Qiu, 2015 and A. japonica (Nilsson, 1928), but both of these two species lack scaphal dorsal cirri and have dorso-lateral pads on segments 3 – 4. The scaphal hooks resemble those of A. favona Hutchings & Peart, 2002, but this species has a dorsal lobe on segment 2 and dorso-lateral pads on segments 3 – 4, and lacks dorsal cirri on the lateral lobes of the scaphe, and so can be easily distinguished from A. cercusa n. sp.

Genus Amphictene Savigny, 1822 Type species. Amphitrite auricoma (O.F. M��ller, 1776); subsequent designation by Hartman, 1959. Diagnosis. Cephalic veil completely free from operculum. Rim of cephalic veil with numerous long cirri. Dorsal and lateral margin of semicircular operculum with numerous triangular lappets or cirri. Ventral margin of operculum with numerous notopodial paleae on each side. Comb-like branchiae present on segments 3 ��� 4. Notopodia other than those of segment 1, which bear paleae, on segments 5 ��� 21, 17 pairs, with notochaetae. Neuropodia on segments 8 ��� 20, 13 pairs with transverse tori, which bear a row of uncini. Uncini with more than one longitudinal row of major teeth. Scaphe flattened dorsally, with anal flap and distinctly separate from posterior segments., Published as part of Zhang, Jinghuai & Hutchings, Pat, 2019, A revision of Australian Pectinariidae (Polychaeta), with new species and new records, pp. 1-70 in Zootaxa 4611 (1) on page 7, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4611.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3229987, {"references":["Savigny, J. - C. (1822) Systeme des annelides, principalement de celles des cotes de l'Egypte et de la Syrie, offrant les caracteres tant distinctifs que naturels des Ordres, Familles et Genres, avec la Description des Especes. Description de l'Egypte ou Recueil des Observations et des Recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypte pendant l'Expedition de l'Armee Francaise, publie par les Ordres de sa MaJeste l'Empereur Napoleon le Grand, Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 1 (3), 1 - 128. Available from: http: / / biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41329897 (accessed 4 February 2018)","Muller, O. F. (1776) Zoologicae Danicae Prodromus, seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae indigenarum characteres, nomina et synonyma imprimis popularium. Typis Hallageriis, Havniae, 282 pp. Available from: https: // archive. org / details / zoologiaedanicae 00 ml (accessed 4 February 2018)","Hartman, O. (1959) Catalogue of the Polychaetous Annelids of the World. Parts I & II. Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation, 23, 1 - 628."]}

Lagis portus n. sp. Figs 16���18, Table 2 Material examined. Australia, New South Wales: Holotype: AM W.33199, Smiths Creek, 33��39���S 151��13���E, seagrass, coll. P.A. Hutchings, 30 Sep 2001. Paratypes: AM W.32543, 3 specs, Pittwater, W of Sand Point, 33��35���45���S 151��18���25���E, 16 m, sandy mud, coll. P.A. Hutchings, K.B. Attwood & C. Fraser, 16 Sep 2004; AM W.51421, 1 spec., Pittwater, W of Sand Point, 33��35���45���S 151��18���38���E, 16.9 m, mud, coll. P.A. Hutchings, K.B. Attwood & C. Fraser, 2 Dec 2004; AM W.51416 and AM W.51417, 2 specs, Pittwater, W of Sand Point, 33��35���49���S 151��18���40���E, 17.6 m, coll. P.A. Hutchings, K.B. Attwood & C. Fraser, 16 Sep 2004; AM W.51418, 1 spec., Botany Bay, W of airport runway 34R, 33��57���43���S 151��11���18���E, 7.6 m, mud, coll. P.A. Hutchings, K.B. Attwood & C. Fraser, 1 Dec 2004; AM W.51419, 1 spec., Botany Bay, W of airport runway 34R, 33��57���57���S 151��11���20���E, 13 m, mud, coll. P.A. Hutchings, K.B. Attwood & C. Fraser, 1 Dec 2004; AM W.51415, 1 spec., Botany Bay, W of end of airport runway 34R, 33��57���58���S 151��11���18���E, 14.1 m, mud, coll. P.A. Hutchings & K.B. Attwood, 15 Sep 2004; AM W.51420, 1 spec., Botany Bay, E of end of airport runway 34R, 33��58���33���S 151��11���52���E, 18.1 m, mud, coll. P.A. Hutchings, K.B. Attwood & C. Fraser, 1 Dec 2004; AM W. 51393, 1 spec. (mounted for SEM), E of Malabar, Sydney, 33��58���41���S 151��17���51���E, 80.5 m, coll. EPA - Malabar Deep Ocean Outfall Study (DOOM), 24 Feb 1998. Other material examined. New South Wales: AM W.33198, 1 spec., Pittwater, W of Sand Point, 33��35���49���S 151��18���50���E, 14.5 m, sandy mud, coll. P.A. Hutchings, K.B. Attwood & C. Fraser, 16 Sep 2004; AM W.28045, 1 spec., Port Jackson, S of Gore Cove, 33��50���25���S 151��11���08���E, 14 m, fine sediment, coll. Australian Museum party - Sydney Ports Survey, 23 May 2001; AM W.28044, 1 spec., Port Jackson, SW of Darling Harbour, 33��51���17���S 151��12���07���E, 12 m, fine sediment, coll. Australian Museum party, 16 May 2001; AM W.33197, 1 spec., Botany Bay, W of airport runway 34R, 33��58���00���S 151��11���20���E, 14 m, mud, coll. P.A. Hutchings, K.B. Attwood & C. Fraser, 15 Sep 2004; AM W.33200, 1 spec., Botany Bay, E of end of airport runway 34R, 33��58���38���S 151��12���09���E, 18 m, mud, coll. K.B. Attwood P.A. Hutchings & M.E. Stuckey, 31 Jul 2004; AM W.32611, 3 specs, Botany Bay, E of end of airport runway 34R, 33��58���44���S 151��11���53���E, 18 m, mud, coll. P.A. Hutchings, K.B. Attwood & C. Fraser, 31 Jul 2004; AM W.51413, 1 spec., Botany Bay, E of end of airport runway 34R, 33��58���36���S 151��12���06���E, 18 m, mud, coll. P.A. Hutchings, K.B. Attwood & C. Fraser, 31 Jul 2004; AM W.32611, 1 spec., Botany Bay, E of end of airport runway 34R, 33��58���44���S 151��11���53���E, 18 m, mud, coll. P.A. Hutchings, K.B. Attwood & C. Fraser, 31 Jul 2004; AM W.51414, 1 spec., Botany Bay, E of end of airport runway 34R, 33��58���44���S 151��11���53���E, 18 m, mud, coll. P.A. Hutchings, K.B. Attwood & C. Fraser, 31 Jul 2004. Additional material examined. Lagis bocki (Hessle, 1917). Japan: AM W.45878, 1 spec., Minato-Mirai, Yokohama, Tokyo Bay, 35��28���N 139��28���E, coll. E. Nishi, 02 Jun 2011. Description. Based on holotype and paratypes. Preserved specimens range from pale to black, body conical in shape (Fig. 17A ��� B). Body length 4.7 ��� 22.0 mm (holotype 22.0 mm) including paleae and scaphe, width 0.5 ��� 4.5 mm (holotype 4.5 mm) at cephalic regions. Cephalic veil circular-arched, connected to opercular lateral margin at base of 1 st pair of tentacular cirri, with 10 ��� 24 (holotype 24) smooth cirri on anterior margin (Figs 16A ��� B; 17A ��� D; 18B). Pair of lateral ear-shaped lobes adjacent to both sides of dorsal base of cephalic veil. Long buccal tentacles with wide longitudinal grooves, arising posterior to cephalic veil (Figs 16A ��� B; 17A, D; 18B). Operculum semicircular; dorsal and lateral margins well developed, smooth; ventral margin (opercular ridge) with 10 ��� 13 (holotype 13) pairs of golden paleae, curved dorsally, acute with extended tips (Figs 16A ��� B; 17A ��� C; 18A). First pair of tentacular cirri extending beyond tips of paleae, with annuli, arising from connection of opercular margin and paleal ridge (Figs 16A ��� B; 17B ��� D; 18A ��� B). Pair of small ventral lappets present posterior to 1 st pair of tentacular cirri (Figs 16A ��� B; 17C ��� D). Second pair of tentacular cirri extending beyond opercular margin, with annuli, on latero-median connecting ridge on segment 2, inserted more dorsally than 1 st pair of tentacular cirri (Figs 16A ��� B; 17B ��� C; 18A ��� B). Segment 2 with ventral lobes as two pairs of ventro-lateral lobes and narrow mid-ventral lobe about 1/4 width of ventrolateral lobes; outer ventro-lateral lobes shorter than inner ventro-lateral lobes, and separated by shallow grooves from base of 2 nd pair of tentacular cirri (Figs 16A ��� B; 17A, D). Segment 2 without dorsal lobe. Comb-like branchiae on segments 3 ��� 4, consisting of series of dense, flat lamellae (Figs 16A ��� B; 17B ��� C; 18A ��� B). Branchiae on segment 3 larger and inserted more ventrally than those on segment 4. Pair of small dorso-lateral glandular pads present adjacent to branchiae on segment 3 (Figs 16A ��� B; 17B ��� C; 18A). Distinct ventral glandular lobes present on segments 3 ��� 6, becoming progresively more lateral and broader on segments 3 ��� 5 (Figs 16A; 17C ��� D). Hump present near branchiae on segment 4. Segment 3 with pair of ventrolateral lobes and a mid-ventral lobe; mid-ventral lobe almost same width as ventro-lateral lobes, curved anteriorly at mid-line. Segment 4 with pair of ventro-lateral lobes and mid-ventral lobe about 1/2 width of ventro-lateral lobes, separated from those by deep grooves. Segment 5 with pair of ventro-lateral lobes and mid-ventral lobe about 1/3 width of lateral lobes, separated from those by shallow grooves. Segment 6 with pair of broad ventrolateral lobes and mid-ventral lobe about 1/2 width of ventro-lateral lobes, separated from those by shallow grooves; mid-ventral lobe with pair of anterior pads, separated from each other by medial groove (Figs 16 A���B; 17A���C). Notopodia other than those of segment 1 which bear paleae, on segments 5 ��� 19 (15 pairs), each bearing two kinds of notochaetae; one winged from anterior row, bordered with serrations along distal portion, short, covered progressively with more spines from about middle to front of wing, on anterior surface; other from posterior row, chaetae long, stout, straight, tapering to an acute tip, covered progressively with more spines from mid-anterior portion to end, on anterior surface (Figs 16F ��� G; 17A ��� B; 18F). Neuropodia, 12 pairs on segments 8 ��� 19, each with slightly raising torus with transverse row of uncini; each uncinus with U-shaped anterior peg embedded into torus, several rows of minor teeth, and 4 ��� 5 longitudinal rows of major teeth, each with 6 ��� 7 teeth (Figs 16H; 17A, F; 18G). Segments 20 ��� 21 each with pair of lateral lobes without chaetae (Figs 16C; 17F). Scaphe ovoidal, flattened dorsally, divided into anterior almost equal five lobes and small rounded lobe on each lateral margin (Figs 16C ��� D; 17A ��� B, F; 18C ��� D). Anal flap with short anal cirrus, consisting of roundedarched basal lobe and oblong tongue, latero-posterior and posterior margin crenulated (Figs 16C ��� D; 17F ��� H; 18C ��� E). Scaphal hooks 2 ��� 4 (holotype four) pairs, amber, curved dorsally, with pointed tips, arranged in two oblique rows on dorsal margin of scaphe (Figs 16E; 17I; 18H). Tube with wide opening, straight, fragile wall made of yellow proteinaceous glue, sand grains and shells (Fig. 17E). Methyl Green stained body distinctly green on cirri of cephalic veil, ventral lobes of segments 2���6, base of 2 nd pair of tentacular cirri, dorso-lateral pads of segment 3, lateral lobes on segments 20���21, and ventro-lateral regions near posterior four pairs of lateral lobes on scaphe (Fig. 17F). Variation. Body length 3.5 ��� 22.0 mm including paleae and scaphe, width 0.5 ��� 4.5 mm at cephalic regions; 9 ��� 13 pairs of paleae; cephalic veil with 10 ��� 24 smooth cirri on anterior margin; scaphal hooks 2 ��� 4 pairs, usually two pairs. The number of cirri of cephalic veil, paleae and scaphal hooks significantly increase with body size (Fig. 19). The number of cirri of cephalic veil varies more significantly with body size than the number of pairs of paleae and scaphal hooks (Fig. 19). Distribution. New South Wales (Fig. 1). Habitat. Found in muddy or muddy sands from intertidal to 80.5 m depth. Etymology. The species is named from Latin word ��� portus ��� as the species was found in harbors and protected bays around Sydney. Remark. This represents the first record of the genus Lagis from Australian waters. Lagis portus n. sp. can be distinguished from other Lagis species by the following characters: cephalic veil connected to opercular lateral margin; 15 segments with notochaetae, plus notopodial palaea on segment 1 and 12 segments with neurochaeta; anal flap with round-arched basal lobe and long oblong tongue; a pair of dorso-lateral lobes on segment 3; anal flap with anal cirrus and crenulate margin; 2 ��� 4 pairs of scaphal hooks; 4 ��� 5 longitudinal rows of major teeth on the uncini (Table 2). Lagis portus n. sp. is very similar to L. bocki (Hessle, 1917) described from Kobe Bay, Japan and shares the following characters: less than four pairs of strongly curved hooks and a crenulated margin of the anal flap. The new species differs from L. bocki as it typically has less than 20 cirri on the cephalic veil except for the holotype which has 24 cirri; fewer scaphal hooks (usually two pairs), with four pairs only present on larger specimens; broad dorsal margin of scaphe between scaphal hooks; anal flap with broadly rounded basal part and oblong tongue. In contrast, L. bocki has more (16 ��� 40) cirri on the cephalic veil, 3 ��� 4 pairs of scaphal hooks, a relatively narrow dorsal margin of scaphe between scaphal hooks and a long tongue-like anal flap. Nishi et al. (2014) described some material from Japan which they identified as L. bocki (although they did not examine any type material of Hessle) and they recorded 23���26 cirri on the cephalic veil, 3���4 pairs of scaphal hooks, and a long anal flap for material which varied between 10 ��� 15 mm in body length. Lagis koreni Malmgren, 1866 (type locality: Stavanger Finnmark, Norway), L. neapolitana (Clapar��de, 1869) (type locality: Gulf of Naples, Mediterranean) and L. tenera Hartmann-Schr��der, 1959 (type locality: La Herradura Estero Jaltepeque, El Salvador) all have four pairs of scaphal hooks. Lagis portus n. sp. differs from L. koreni which has 3 ��� 4 longitudinal rows of major uncinial teeth and papillae on lateral margin of scaphe; L. neapolitana and L. tenera have smooth margins on the anal flap. Lagis portus n. sp. which has branchiae on segments 3 ��� 4, differs from L. abranchiata (Fauvel, 1932) (type locality: Cochin Ernakulam, India) and L. crenulatus Sun & Qiu 2012 (type locality: Hong Kong, China) which both lack branchiae. For more details, see Table 2., Published as part of Zhang, Jinghuai & Hutchings, Pat, 2019, A revision of Australian Pectinariidae (Polychaeta), with new species and new records, pp. 1-70 in Zootaxa 4611 (1) on pages 28-35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4611.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3229987, {"references":["Hessle, C. (1917) Zur Kenntnis der terebellomorphen Polychaeten. Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala, 5, 39 - 258. Available from: https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 38891407 (accessed 4 February 2018)","Nishi, E., Matsuo, K., Kazama-Wakabayashi, M., Mori, A., Tomioka, S., Kajihara, H., Hamaguchi, M., Kajihara, N. & Hutchings, P. (2014) Partial revision of Japanese Pectinariidae (Annelida: Polychaeta), including redescriptions of poorly known species. Zootaxa, 3895 (3), 433 - 445. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3895.3.8","Malmgren, A. J. (1866) Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Ofversigt af Koniglich Vetenskapsakademiens forhandlingar, Stockholm, 22 (5), 355 - 410. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 100715 page / 369 / mode / 1 up (accessed 4 February 2018)","Claparede, E. (1869) Les Annelides Chetopodes du Golfe de Naples. Seconde partie. Ordre II me. Annelides Sedentaires (Aud. et Edw.). Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve, 20 (1), 1 - 225, pls. XVII - XXXI. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 14264110","Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1959) Zur Okologie der Polychaeten des Mangrove-Estero-Gebietes von El Salvador. Beitrage zur Neotropischen Fauna, 1 (2), 69 - 183. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650525909380612","Fauvel, P. (1932) Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 12 (1), 1 - 262. Available from: http: // faunaofindia. nic. in / PDFVolumes / memoirs / 012 / 01 / index. pdf (accessed 4 February 2018)","Sun, Y. & Qiu, J. W. (2012) A new species of Lagis (Polychaeta: Pectinariidae) from Hong Kong. Zootaxa, 3264, 61 - 68."]}

Amphictene lizardensis Wong & Hutchings, 2015 Fig. 7, Table 1 Amphictene lizardensis Wong & Hutchings, 2015: 733 ��� 744, figs 1 ��� 3. Material examined. Australia, Queensland: AM W.47432 (Holotype), AM W.47429 (Paratypes), 2 specs, Lizard Island, Watsons Bay, 14��39���26���S 145��27���03���E, 6.5 m, sand, coll. P.A. Hutchings & M. Capa, 28 Aug 2010. Additional material examined. Australia, Queensland: AM W.45850, 1 spec. Lizard Island, North Point, Mermaid Cove, 14��38���46���S 145��27���13���E, 8 ��� 12 m, coral rubble in sand, coll. M. Capa, M.T. Aguado & V.I. Radashevsky, 20 Aug 2013. Papua New Guinea: AM W.32720, 1 spec., North Rasch Passage, Madang Lagoon, 5��09���S 145��49���E, 30 m, algal covered rubble, coll. J.D. Thomas, 16 May 1991. Description. Based on all specimens examined. Preserved specimen pale reddish in colour, small, conical in shape (Fig. 7A ��� B). Body length 3.2 ��� 6.5 mm (holotype 6.5 mm) including paleae and scaphe, width 0.6 ��� 1.3 mm (holotype 1.3 mm) at cephalic regions. Cephalic veil oval, free from operculum, with 10 ��� 13 (holotype 11) smooth cirri on anterior and lateral margins (Fig. 7A, C). Pair of ear-shaped lobes adjacent to both sides of dorsal base of cephalic veil. Prostomial buccal tentacles with deep medial grooves and inserted ventrally to cephalic veil (Fig. 7A, C). Operculum semicircular; with 15 ��� 19 (holotype 15) triangular lappets with cirri on dorsal and lateral margins; with 12 ��� 14 (holotype 14) pairs of golden paleae, curved dorsally, acute with extended tips; with small median papilla between both rows of paleae (Fig. 7B, D ��� E). Segments 1 ��� 2 each with pair of tentacular cirri on lateral sides of body, with annuli, second pair inserted more dorsally (Fig. 7C). Pair of small ventral lappets present ventrally to tentacular cirri, near cephalic veil, on segment 1. Segment 2 with several lobes on margin of ventral region (Fig. 7C). Comb-like branchiae present on segments 3 ��� 4, first pair larger and inserted more ventrally (Fig. 7C ��� D). Segment 3 with pair of dorso-lateral pads. Segment 5 with transverse dorsal ridge (Fig. 7A ��� B, D ��� E). Ventral glandular lobes present on segments 3 ��� 6 (Fig. 7C). Notopodia other than those of segment 1 which bear paleae, on segments 5 ��� 21 (17 pairs), each bearing two kinds of notochaetae. Neuropodia, 13 pairs on segments 8 ��� 20, each with slightly raised torus with a transverse row of uncini; each uncinus with U-shaped anterior peg embedded into torus, several rows of minor teeth, and 3 ��� 6 longitudinal rows of major teeth, each with 6 ��� 9 teeth (Wong & Hutchings, 2015: fig. 3). Scaphe wide ovoidal, flattened dorsally, divided into four anterior narrow lobes with triangular tips and two posteriorly rounded lobes on each lateral margin (Fig. 7F ��� G). Anal flap triangular, with smooth margin and short anal cirrus (Fig. 7F ��� G). Scaphal hooks 3 ��� 4 (holotype 3) pairs, broad, golden or yellow-brown, tips curved and pointed (Fig. 7F ��� G). Methyl Green stained body distinctly green on ventral lobes of segments 2���6, dorso-lateral pads of segment 3, and dorsum of anal flap (Fig. 7 A���C). Additionally, dorsum of segment 2 with transverse row of about four green dots (Fig. 7 D���E). Distribution. Lizard Island, Queensland (Fig. 1); Madang, Papua New Guinea. Habitat. Sandy substrates in shallow waters. Remarks. We have expanded the description of this species and the diagnostic features of this species to include having pair of ear-shaped lobes adjacent to both sides of dorsal base of cephalic veil, pair of small ventral lappets on segment 1, and a dorsal ridge on segment 5 which is visible on all the specimens examined (Wong & Hutchings, 2015: figs 1 ��� 3). Amphictene lizardensis is very similar to A. uniloba Hutchings & Peart, 2002 which has 3 ��� 4 pairs of scaphal hooks, but differs from A. uniloba which has four longitudinal rows of major uncinial teeth, blunt lobes on opercular margin, pair of dorso-lateral pads on segments 3���4 and lacking dorsal ridge on segment 5. In contrast, A. lizardensis has 3 ��� 6 longitudinal rows of major uncinial teeth, triangular lobes more acute on opercular margin, a dorsal ridge on segment 5, a small papilla between two rows of paleae and only one pair of dorso-lateral pads on segment 3. All the specimens of A. lizardensis are small between 2.8 ��� 5.7 mm long, whereas a specimen (AM W.32720) from Madang Lagoon, Papua New Guinea, is similar (3.2 mm long, 0.6 mm wide) and which we believe belongs to the same species, as it has 13 pairs of cirri of cephalic veil, 12 pairs of paleae, 15 sharply pointed triangular lobes on the opercular rim, a dorsal ridge on segment 5, a small median papilla between the two rows of paleae, as well as the shape of the scaphe being similar with a terminal cirri on the anal flap, and three pairs of distinctly curved scaphal hooks (Table 1) which therefore extends its geographical range to Papua New Guinea., Published as part of Zhang, Jinghuai & Hutchings, Pat, 2019, A revision of Australian Pectinariidae (Polychaeta), with new species and new records, pp. 1-70 in Zootaxa 4611 (1) on pages 14-16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4611.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3229987, {"references":["Wong, E. & Hutchings, P. (2015) New records of Pectinariidae (Polychaeta) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia and the description of two new species. Zootaxa, 4019 (1), 733 - 744. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4019.1.25","Hutchings, P. & Peart, R. (2002) A review of the genera of Pectinariidae (Polychaeta) together with a description of the Australian Fauna. Records of the Australian Museum, 54, 99 - 127. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.54.2002.1356"]}

Samples of Pectinariidae in the Australian Museum and Museums of Victoria, Australia were examined. Thirteen species were identified, including three additional records of previously recorded species of Amphictene and two new species, A. cercusa n. sp. and A. undulata n. sp., two species of the genus Lagis which has not previously been recorded from Australia, including a new species, L. portus n. sp., and five additional records of previously recorded species of Pectinaria and one new species, P. ningalooensis n. sp. The study revealed additional characters which are useful to identify species of pectinariids, a pair of ear-shaped lobes which are adjacent to both sides of dorsal base of cephalic veil in species of Pectinaria and Amphictene, but in Lagis they are present between the buccal cavity and lateral margin of segment 1; and a pair of ventral lappets which have not previously been described on the lateral margin of segment I in all species of pectinariids from Australia. For species where numerous individuals were available for study, we investigated how some characters, change with increasing body size. A key to all recorded species from Australia is given, but does not imply any phylogenetic relationships.

Pectinaria ningalooensis n. sp. Figs 32���34, Table 3 Material examined. Holotype: MV F161406, off Ningaloo South, West Australia, 22��00'14��� ��� 22��03'34���S 113��40���44��� ��� 113��43���44���E, 658 ��� 754 m, coll. Poore, Gary C., 10 Dec 2005. Description. Preserved specimen pale reddish in colour, conical in shape (Fig. 33A, B). Body length 36.8 mm including paleae and scaphe, width 6.1 mm at cephalic regions. Cephalic veil oval, with 24 smooth cirri on anterior margin and 1/3 of lateral margin (Figs 32A; 33A, D). Pair of ear-shaped lobes adjacent to both sides of dorsal base of cephalic veil (Figs 32A; 33D ��� E). Buccal tentacles broken, arising posterior to cephalic veil (Figs 32A; 33A, D). Operculum semicircular; dorsal and lateral margins well developed, smooth; ventral margin (opercular ridge) with 13 pairs of amber paleae, curved dorsally, acute with extended tips (Figs 32B; 33B). First pair of tentacular cirri extending beyond tips of paleae, with annuli, arising from connection of opercular margin and paleal ridge (Figs 32A ��� B; 33A ��� C). Pair of small ventral lappets present behind tentacular cirri near cephalic veil on segment 1 (Figs 32A; 33C). Ventral region of segment 1 covered by ventral lobes of segment 2 (Figs 32A; 33A, D). Second pair of tentacular cirri with annuli, extending beyond opercular anterior margin, on latero-median connecting ridge on segment 2, inserted more dorsally than 1 st pair of tentacular cirri (Figs 32B; 33C). Segment 2 with ventral lobes as pair of narrow ventro-lateral lobes separated by shallow grooves from base of 2 nd pair of tentacular cirri, and pair of broad mid-ventral lobes about 5�� as wide as ventro-lateral lobes (Figs 32A; 33A, C). Segment 2 without dorsal lobe (Figs 32B; 33B). Comb-like branchiae on segments 3 ��� 4, consisting of series of loose, flat lamellae (Figs 32B; 33C). Branchiae on segment 3 larger and inserted more ventrally than those of segment 4. Pair of small dorso-lateral glandular pads present adjacent to branchiae on segments 3 and 4 (Figs 32B; 33B ��� C). Distinct ventral glandular lobes present on segments 3 ��� 7, becoming progressively more lateral and broader on segments 3 ��� 5 (Figs 32A; 33A). Hump near branchiae on segment 4 not conspicuous. Segment 3 with pair of broad ventro-lateral lobes and mid-ventral lobe inserted more posteriorly, about 1/3 width of ventro-lateral lobes, separated from those by shallow grooves (Figs 32B; 33A). Segment 4 with pair of broad ventro-lateral lobes and mid-ventral lobe about 1/4 width of ventro-lateral lobes, separated from those by shallow grooves. Segment 5 with pair of ventro-lateral lobes and mid-ventral lobe about 1/5 width of ventro-lateral lobes, separated from those by shallow grooves. Segment 6 with pair of broad ventral lobes separated from each other by deep median notch. Segment 7 with pair of narrow ventro-lateral lobes about 1/4 of ventral width. Notopodia other than those of segment 1 which bear paleae, on segments 5 ��� 21 (17 pairs), each bearing two kinds of chaetae; one short and winged from anterior row, bordered with serrations along distal portion covered progressively with more spines from about middle to front of wing, on anterior surface; other long, stout and straight from posterior row, tapering to pointed tips, covered progressively with more spines from mid-anterior portion to tip, on anterior surface (Figs 32E ��� F; 33A ��� B; 34A ��� C). Neuropodia, 13 pairs on segments 8 ��� 20, each with slightly raised torus with a transverse row of uncini; each uncinus with U-shaped anterior peg embedded into torus, several rows of minor teeth, one large tooth and 2���4 longitudinal rows of major teeth, numbers of teeth per row decreasing from centre to sides, up to eight per row (Figs 32D; 34D ��� E). Segment 21 with ventro-lateral lobes near notopodia. Scaphe long ovoidal, flattened dorsally; each lateral margin dorsally rolled with two anterior narrow lobes and four posterior rounded lobes; anterior lobes much larger, 4 th lobe largest with papillae, other lobes without dorsal cirri under margin of each lobe; dorsal margin of scaphe vestigial, with three posterior plates (Figs 32C; 33F ��� G). Anal flap short tongue with crenulated margin, without dorsal anal cirrus (maybe lost) (Figs 32C; 33F ��� H). Scaphal hooks three pairs, stout, amber, with pointed tips, distinctly curved dorsally, present between lateral and dorsal margins of scaphal (Figs 32C; 33F ��� G, I). Tube not retained. Methyl Green stained body distinctly green on cirri of cephalic veil, opercular rim, ventral lobes of segments 2���7, dorso-lateral pads of segments 3���4, ventro-lateral regions adjacent to neuropodia, ventro-lateral regions of segments 20���21, margins on 1���2 nd pair of lateral lobes of scaphe, dorsal margin fused of scaphe, dorsal region between segment 21 and scaphe, ventro-lateral regions on scaphe, and dorsum of anal flap (Fig. 33G, H). Distribution. West Australia (Fig. 1). Known only from type locality. Habitat. Found in depths of 658 ��� 754 m. Etymology. The species is named ���ningalooensis��� as the species is collected from off Ningaloo South. Remarks. Pectinaria ningalooensis n. sp. can be distinguished by the following characters: 13 pairs of paleae with extended pointed tips; segment 2 without dorso-lateral lobes; segments 3 ��� 4 with dorso-lateral glandular pads; segment 6 without continuous papillae on ventral lobes; anal flap short with crenulated margin; one enlarged tooth and 2 ��� 4 longitudinal rows of major teeth on uncini; three pairs of stout scaphal hooks, with distinctly curved tips; dorsal margin of scaphe vestigial (Table 3). Pectinaria ningalooensis n. sp. is very similar to the Australian species P. kanabinos as they both have an anal flap with cirri, few scaphal hooks with distinctly bent tips. Pectinaria ningalooensis n. sp. differs from P. kanabinos which has one enlarged major tooth on the middle of uncini and 2 ��� 4 longitudinal rows of major uncinial teeth, anal flap short, dorsal margin of scaphe vestigial, three pairs of stout scaphal hooks, whereas P. kanabinos has four longitudinal rows of major teeth, anal flap slender and elongated, dorsal margin of scaphe well developed, and 2 ��� 5 pairs of small scaphal hooks. They also differ in their ecology, Pectinaria kanabinos occurs in shallow waters and estuaries whereas P. ningalooensis n. sp. is known only from deeper waters., Published as part of Zhang, Jinghuai & Hutchings, Pat, 2019, A revision of Australian Pectinariidae (Polychaeta), with new species and new records, pp. 1-70 in Zootaxa 4611 (1) on pages 59-62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4611.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3229987

Pectinaria kanabinos Hutchings & Peart, 2002 Figs 29–30, Table 3 Pectinaria kanabinos Hutchings & Peart, 2002: 99 – 127, figs 11 – 12 & 16 – 17. Material examined. Australia: Queensland: Holotype AM W.25616, Calliope River, N of Gladstone, 24°01’S 150°59’E, coll. P. Saenger, 24 Jun 1975; Paratype AM W.8534, 1 spec., Calliope River, N of Gladstone, 24°01’S 150°59’E, coll. P. Saenger, 24 Jun 1975; Paratype AM W.8535, 1 spec., Calliope River, N of Gladstone, 24°01’S 150°59’E, coll. P. Saenger, 24 Jun 1975. Additional material examined. Australia: Queensland: AM W.202176, 1 spec., Halifax Bay, 19°07’S 146°33’E, 2 m, coll. Queensland Nickel Pty Ltd, Jan 1977; AM W.202175, 2 specs, Halifax Bay, 19°09’S 146°37’E, 5 m, coll. Queensland Nickel Pty Ltd, Jan 1977; AM W.202174, 1 spec., Halifax Bay, 19°10’S 146°38’E, 5 m, coll. Queensland Nickel Pty Ltd, Jan 1977; AM W.202178, 1 spec., Halifax Bay, 19°10’S 146°38’E, 5 m, coll. Queensland Nickel Pty Ltd, Jan 1977; AM W.10267, 1 spec., Calliope River, 23°49’S 151°13’E, coll. P. Saenger, 07 Oct 1975; AM W.13441, 2 specs (1 spec. mounted for SEM), Calliope River, Gladstone, 23°51’S 151°10’E, coll. P. Saenger, Aug 1976; AM W.13442, 1 spec., Gladstone, Calliope River, 23°51’S 151°10’E, coll. P. Saenger, Aug 1976; AM W.51422, 6 specs, Calliope River, Gladstone, 23°51’S 151°10’E, coll. P. Saenger, 1974. Western Australia: MV F134632, 1 spec., Northwest Shelf, between Port Hedland and Dampier, 19°37’S 118°53’E, 30 m, coll. Poore, Gary C., Lew Ton, Helen M., Jun 1983; AM W.27510, 1 spec., Dampier Archipelago, 20°31’S 116°39’E, coll. G.C.B. Poore, Feb 1969. Additional material (but not measured). Australia: Queensland: AM W.30913, 1 spec., Cairns, Marlin Marina, 16°52’S 145°49’E, coll. CRC Reef Research Centre Ltd, 17 Nov 2001; AM W.202184, 1 spec., Halifax Bay, 19°07’S 146°33’E, 2 m, coll. Queensland Nickel Pty Ltd, Jul 1977; AM W.202186, 1 spec., Halifax Bay, 19°09’S 146°37’E, 5 m, Queensland Nickel Pty Ltd, Jul 1977; AM W.202185, 1 spec., Halifax Bay, 19°10’S 146°44’E, 5 m, coll. Queensland Nickel Pty Ltd, Jul 1977; AM W.51422, 74 specs, Calliope River, Gladstone, 23°51’S 151°10’E, coll. P. Saenger, 1974. Description. Based on all specimens measured. Preserved specimen pale or reddish in colour, conical in shape (Fig. 29A, B). Body length 5.2 – 22.6 mm (holotype 14.0 mm) including paleae and scaphe, width 0.5 – 4.1 mm (holotype 2.3 mm) at cephalic regions. Cephalic veil oval, free from operculum, with 10 – 18 (holotype 18) smooth cirri on anterior margin and 2/3 of lateral margin (Figs 29B – C; 30C). Pair of ear-shaped lobes adjacent to both sides of dorsal base of cephalic veil. Buccal tentacles long with wide longitudinal grooves, arising posterior to cephalic veil (Figs 29B – C; 30C). Operculum semicircular; dorsal and lateral margins well developed, smooth; ventral margin (opercular ridge) with 9 – 14 (holotype 10) pairs of golden paleae, curved dorsally, acute with extended tips (Figs 29A, D, F; 30A). First pair of tentacular cirri extending beyond tips of paleae, with annuli, arising from connection of opercular margin and paleal ridge (Figs 29A; 30A, C). Pair of small ventral lappets present behind tentacular cirri near cephalic veil on segment 1. Ventral region of segment 1 covered by buccal tentacles and ventral lobe of segment 2 (Figs 29B – C; 30C). Second pair of tentacular cirri extending beyond opercular margin, with annuli, on almost latero-median connecting ridge of segment 2, inserted more dorsally than 1 st pair of tentacular cirr (Figs 29B, F; 30A). Segment 2 with ventral lobes as pair of broad ventro-lateral lobes separated by grooves from base of 2 nd pair of tentacular cirri, and narrow mid-ventral lobe about 1/4 width of ventro-lateral lobes (Figs 29B – C; 30C). Segment 2 without dorsal lobe (Figs 29A, D, F; 30A). Comb-like branchiae on segments 3 – 4, consisting of series of dense, flat lamellae (Figs 29D, F; 30A). Branchiae on segment 3 larger and inserted more ventrally than those of segment 4. Pair of small dorso-lateral glandular pads present adjacent to branchiae on segments 3 – 4 (Figs 29D, F; 30A). Distinct ventral glandular lobes present on segments 3 – 6, becoming progressively more lateral and broader on segments 3 – 5 (Figs 29B – C; 30C). Hump present near branchiae on segment 4. Segment 3 with broad ventral lobe, higher at mid-line. Segments 4–5 each with pair of broad ventro-lateral lobes and mid-ventral lobe about 1/2 width of ventro-lateral lobes, separated from those by shallow grooves. Segment 6 with pair of broad ventral lobes with continuous papillae, separated from each other by deep mid-ventral notch (Figs 29B – C; 30C). Notopodia other than those of segment 1 which bear paleae, on segments 5 – 21 (17 pairs), each bearing two kinds of notochaetae; one short and winged from anterior row, bordered with serrations along distal portion, covered progressively with more spines from about middle to front of wing, on anterior surface; other long, stout and straight from posterior row, tapering to pointed tip, covered progressively with more spines from mid-anterior portion to tip, on anterior surface (Figs 29A – D; 30E – F). Neuropodia, 13 pairs on segments 8 – 20, each with slightly raised torus with transverse row of uncini; each uncinus with U-shaped anterior peg embedded into torus, several rows of minor teeth, and four longitudinal rows of major teeth, each with 7 – 8 teeth (Figs 29F; 30G). Segment 21 with pair of ventro-lateral lobes near notopodia. Scaphe wide ovoidal, flattened dorsally, divided into four anterior narrow lobes and two posterior rounded lobes on each lateral margin; posterior margin with poorly marked rounded lappets near anal flap (Figs 29A – D, F; 30B). Anal flap long tongue with marginal cirri and short anal cirrus. Scaphal hooks 2 – 5 (holotype 5, other material usually 3) pairs, amber, distinctly bent towards pointed tip (Fig. 30B, D). Tube with wide opening, slightly curved, fragile wall made of yellow proteinaceous glue and large sand grains (Fig. 29E). Methyl Green stained body distinctly green on cirri of cephalic veil, ventral lobes of segments 2–6, base of 2 nd pair of tentacular cirri, dorso-lateral pads of segments 3–4, ventro-lateral regions adjacent to neuropodia on segments 20–21, ventro-median region between segment 21 and scaphe, and ventro-lateral regions on posterior end of scaphe (Fig. 29). Distribution. Queensland and NW Western Australia (Fig. 1). Habitat. Found in shallow waters and estuarine conditions. Remarks. We have expanded the original description of Pectinaria kanabinos Hutchings & Peart, 2002, and provided additional images of the holotype and details on morphological characters which were not included in the original description. These include a pair of lateral ear-shaped lobes adjacent to both sides of dorsal base of cephalic veil, pair of small ventral lappets on segment 1, pair of small dorso-lateral glandular pads on segments 3 and 4, ventral lobes on segments 3–6, U-shaped anterior peg on uncini and four longitudinal rows of major teeth, and revision of scaphe. Pectinaria kanabinos has more paleae in larger individuals; the number of cirri of cephalic veil and scaphal hooks does not significantly increase with body size (Fig. 31). Pectinaria kanabinos can be easily distinguished with all other Pectinaria species by having a long anal flap with cirri on the lateral and posterior margins (Table 3). Pectinaria kanabinos and P. dodeka often occur in the same localities (Fig. 1E – F). They are very similar as both have continuous papillae on ventral lobes of segment 6, paleae with extended pointed tips, well marked dorso-lateral pads on segments 3 – 4 and a few pairs of scaphal hooks with distinctly curved tips. But they differ from P. dodeka which has an anal flap with smooth margins and 2 – 3 longitudinal rows of major teeth on uncini, whereas P. kanabinos has a long anal flap with cirri on lateral and posterior margins and four longitudinal rows of major teeth on uncini.

Amphictene favona Hutchings & Peart, 2002 Figs 4���5, Table 1 Amphictene favona Hutchings & Peart, 2002: 99 ��� 127, figs 2 ��� 5. Material examined. Australia, Western Australia: AM W.25611 (Holotype), Houtman Abrolhos, Wallabi Group, 28��32���35���S 113��46���32���E, 45 m, white bleached coral algal nodules (rhodoliths), coll. P.A. Hutchings, 28 May 1994; AM W.25403 (Paratypes), 11 specs, Wallabi Group, Houtman Abrolhos, 28��36���31���S 113��44���56���E, 46 m, bleached rubble and sponges, coll. P.A. Hutchings, 28 May 1994. Additional material examined. Australia, Western Australia: AM W.2842, 1 spec., between Broome & Wallal, 18��58���S 121��14���E, 13 m, coll. R. Bourne, Sep 1931; AM W.5493, 1 spec., Point Samson, 20��38���S 117��12���E, low tide, sandy mud, coll. N. Coleman, 26 Sep 1972. Queensland: AM W.2317, 2 specs, Michaelmas Cay, off Cairns, 16��30���S 146��02���E, coll. T. Iredale & F.A. McNeill, Jun 1926; AM W.25404, 1 spec., Michaelmas Reef, No. 2 Sandbank, near Cairns, 16��35���S 146��02���E, coll. I. Loch, 07 Aug 1971; AM W.3150, 1 spec., Hayman Island, 20��03���S 148��53���E; AM W.5611, 1 spec., Brampton Island, 20��49���S 149��17���E, 1949; AM W.25405, 1 spec., Capricorn Group, One Tree Island, First lagoon, 23��30���S 152��05���E, 1 m, near piecrust, coll. F. Talbot & Party, 04 Oct 1967. Description. Based on all specimens examined. Preserved specimens pale reddish in colour, conical in shape (Fig. 4B, C). Body length 37.6 ��� 97.0 mm (holotype 52.0 mm) including paleae and scaphe, width 9.0 ��� 23.0 mm (holotype 15.0 mm) at cephalic regions. Cephalic veil oval, free from operculum, with 21 ��� 33 (holotype 23) smooth cirri on anterior margin and present on about 2/3 of lateral margins (Fig. 4C). Pair of ear-shaped lobes adjacent to both sides of dorsal base of cephalic veil. Buccal tentacles with deep median longitudinal grooves, arising posterior to cephalic veil (Fig. 4C). Operculum semicircular; dorsal and lateral margin well developed, with 44 ��� 63 (holotype 62) triangular lappets; ventral margin (opercular ridge) with 10 ��� 16 (holotype 12) pairs of stout, short and golden paleae, weakly curved dorsally, blunt end without extended tips (Fig. 4B ��� D). First pair of tentacular cirri short not extending beyond tips of paleae, with annuli, arising from connection of opercular margin and paleal ridge (Fig. 4B ��� C). Pair of small ventral lappets present behind tentacular cirri, near cephalic veil, on segment 1. Ventral region of segment 1 covered by buccal tentacles and ventral lobes of segment 2 (Fig. 4C). Second pair of tentacular cirri extending to opercular margin, with annuli, on latero-median connecting ridge on segment 2, inserted more dorsally than 1 st pair of tentacular cirri (Fig. 4B ��� C). Segment 2 with ventral lobes as pair of narrow ventro-lateral lobes separated by shallow grooves from base of 2 nd pair of tentacular cirri, and pair of broad mid-ventral lobes about twice as wide as ventro-lateral lobes (Fig. 4C). A dorsal lobe with slightly crenulate margin present on segment 2, separated by grooves from base of 2 nd pair of tentacular cirri (Fig. 4B, D). Comb-like branchiae on segments 3 ��� 4, consisting of series of dense, flat lamellae (Fig. 4B ��� C). Branchiae on segment 3 larger and inserted more ventrally than those of segment 4. Pair of small dorso-lateral glandular pads present adjacent to branchiae on segments 3 and 4 (Fig. 4B, D). Distinct ventral glandular lobes present on segments 3 ��� 6, becoming progressively more lateral and broader on segments 3 ��� 5 (Fig. 4C). Hump present near branchiae on segment 4. Segment 3 only with broad ventral lobe (Fig. 4C). Segment 4 with pair of broad ventro-lateral lobes near branchiae and narrow mid-ventral lobe about 2/3 width of ventro-lateral lobes, separated from those by shallow grooves. Segment 5 with pair of broad ventro-lateral lobes and narrow mid-ventral lobe about 1/3 width of ventro-lateral lobes, separated from those by shallow grooves, usually covered by ventral lobes of segment 6 (Fig. 4C). Segment 6 with pair of ventral lobes with contiguous rounded papillae, separated from each other by broad and deep medial groove (Fig. 4C). Notopodia other than those of segment 1 which bear paleae, on segments 5 ��� 21 (17 pairs), each bearing two kinds of chaetae; one winged, bordered with serrations along distal portion, covered progressively with more spines from about middle to front of wing, on anterior surface; other stout and straight, tapering to an acute tip, covered progressively with more spines from mid-anterior portion to tip, on anterior surface (Figs 4B ��� C; 5A ��� C). Neuropodia, 13 pairs on segments 8 ��� 20, each with a slightly raised torus with transverse row of uncini; each uncinus with U-shaped anterior peg embedded into torus, several rows of minor teeth, and two longitudinal rows of major teeth, each with about eight teeth (Figs 4B ��� C; 5D ��� E). Segment 21 with pair of ventro-lateral lobes near notopodia (Fig. 4B ��� C). Scaphe wide ovoidal, flattened dorsally, divided anteriorly into four narrow lobes and posteriorly with two rounded lobes on each lateral margin (Fig. 4B ��� C). Anal flap wide, fused forming tongue-like structure with short anal cirrus, distal margin with contiguous rounded lappets (Fig. 4F). Scaphal hooks 11 ��� 20 (holotype 11) pairs, amber, with blunt end, straight and slightly bent towards tip (Fig. 4E). Tube with wide opening, slightly curved, solid wall made of large coral sand grains (Fig. 4A). Methyl Green stained body distinctly green on cirri on cephalic veil, ventral lobes of segments 2���6, dorsal lobe of segment 2, dorso-lateral pads of segments 3���4, neuropodia, ventro-lateral regions adjacent to neuropodia, dorsolateral and ventro-lateral regions of segment 21, margins of scaphe, and dorsum of anal flap except for anal cirri and margin (Fig. 4 B���C). Additionally, ventro-lateral regions with continuous transverse green dots on segments 20���21 (Fig. 4B). Distribution. NW Western Australia, Queensland (Fig. 1). Habitat. Found amongst rhodoliths, sandy mud or rubble from low tide to 46 m depth. Remarks. We have expanded the original description of Amphictene favona Hutchings & Peart, 2002, and provided additional images of the holotype and details on some morphological characters which were not included in the original description. These include a pair of lateral ear-shaped lobes adjacent to both sides of dorsal base of cephalic veil, pair of small ventral lappets on segment 1, pair of small dorso-lateral glandular pads on segments 3 and 4, ventral lobes on segments 3���6, U-shaped anterior peg on uncini and a more complete description of the scaphal lateral lobes. The number of paleae significantly increase with increasing body size, but the number of cirri on cephalic veil and scaphal hooks does not significantly vary with body size (Fig. 6). Amphictene favona can be easily distinguished from all other Australian Amphictene species by having blunt paleae, a dorsal lobe on segment 2, segment 6 with ventral lobes having contiguous rounded papillae, uncini with two longitudinal rows of teeth and 11 ��� 20 pairs of blunt straight scaphal hooks (Table 1). The tubes of A. favona are robust, white and made up of large coral sand grains. Amphictene favona is similar to Amphictene crassa (Grube, 1870) described from New Caledonia, which also has blunt paleae, a dorsal lobe on segment 2, as well as ventral lobes with contiguous rounded papillae, uncini with two longitudinal rows of major teeth and a tube made from coral sand grains, but differs in the number of pairs of scaphal hooks present, less than nine pairs in A. crassa whereas A. favona has 11 ��� 20 pairs., Published as part of Zhang, Jinghuai & Hutchings, Pat, 2019, A revision of Australian Pectinariidae (Polychaeta), with new species and new records, pp. 1-70 in Zootaxa 4611 (1) on pages 7-14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4611.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3229987, {"references":["Hutchings, P. & Peart, R. (2002) A review of the genera of Pectinariidae (Polychaeta) together with a description of the Australian Fauna. Records of the Australian Museum, 54, 99 - 127. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.54.2002.1356","Grube, A. E. (1870) Bemerkungen ueber die Amphicteneen und Amphareteen Mgn. schles. gesellschaft fur vaterlandische cultur Breslau Jahresber., 48, 68 - 84."]}

Amphictene undulata n. sp. Figs 13–15, Table 1 Material examined. Australia, West Australia: Holotype: MV F151408, off Ningaloo North, Western Australia, 21°58'08–42”S 113°45’14–40”E, 726 – 732 m, coll. Poore, Gary C., 11 Dec 2005. Description. Holotype, preserved specimen pale reddish in colour, conical in shape (Fig. 14A – B). Body length 38.8 mm including paleae and scaphe, width 7.3 mm at cephalic regions. Cephalic veil oval, broken, free from operculum, with more than 50 smooth cirri on anterior margin and 2/3 of lateral margin, broken part with fine and thick cirri (Figs 13B; 14C). Pair of ear-shaped lobes adjacent to both sides of dorsal base of cephalic veil. Long buccal tentacles with wide longitudinal grooves, arising posterior to cephalic veil (Figs 13B; 14B – C). Operculum semicircular; dorsal and lateral margin well developed, with about 40 small triangular lappets on undulating margin (Figs 13A; 14A, E); ventral margin (opercular ridge) with 15 pairs of stout and amber paleae, curved dorsally, acute with extended tips (Figs 13A; 14E). First pair of tentacular cirri extending beyond tips of paleae, with several faint annuli at base, arising from connection of opercular margin and paleal ridge (Figs 13A – B; 14C, E). Pair of small ventral lappets present behind tentacular cirri near cephalic veil, on segment 1 (Figs 13B; 14C). Second pair of tentacular cirri long, extending beyond opercular anterior margin, with several obscure annuli at base, on latero-median connecting ridge on segment 2, inserted more dorsally than 1 st pair of tentacular cirri (Figs 13A; 14E). Segment 2 with ventral lobes as pairs of narrow ventro-lateral lobes separated by shallow grooves from base of 2 nd pair of tentacular cirri, and pair of broad mid-ventral lobes about twice as wide as ventro-lateral lobes, with slightly crenulated margin (Figs 13B; 14C). Dorsal lobe absent on segment 2 (Figs 13A; 14A, E). Comb-like branchiae on segments 3 – 4, consisting of series of dense, flat lamellae. Branchiae on segment 3 larger and inserted more ventrally than those of segment 4 (Figs 13A; 14B). Pair of small dorso-lateral glandular pads present adjacent to branchiae on segments 3 and 4 (Figs 13A; 14A, E). Distinct ventral glandular lobes present on segments 3 – 6, becoming progressively more lateral and broader on segments 3 – 5 (Figs 13B; 14C). No hump visible near branchiae on segment 4. Segment 3 with broad ventral lobe, swelling and higher at mid-line. Segment 4 with pair of ventro-lateral lobes and mid-ventral lobe about 1/3 width of ventro-lateral lobes, separated from those by deep grooves. Segment 5 with pair of ventro-lateral lobes and midventral lobe about 1/5 width of ventro-lateral lobes, separated from those by shallow grooves. Segment 6 with pair of ventro-lateral lobes and narrow mid-ventral lobe about 1/6 width of ventro-lateral lobes, separated from those by shallow grooves (Figs 13B; 14B – C). Notopodia other than those of segment 1 which bear paleae, on segments 5 – 21 (17 pairs), each bearing two kinds of notochaetae; one winged from anterior row, bordered with serrations along distal portion, short, covered progressively with more spines from about middle to front of wing, on anterior surface; others stout, long and straight, tapering to an acute tip, covered progressively with more spines from mid-anterior portion to tip, on anterior surface (Figs 13E; 14A – B; 15A – C). Neuropodia, 13 pairs on segments 8 – 20, each with slightly raised torus with a transverse row of uncini; each uncinus with U-shaped anterior peg embedded into torus, several rows of minor teeth, one large tooth and two longitudinal rows of teeth, each with about seven teeth (Figs 13G – F; 14A, F; 15D – F). Segment 21 with ventral lobe near each notopodium (Figs 13D; 14F). Scaphe long ovoidal, flattened dorsally; with five anterior pointed lobes and single posterior rounded lobe on lateral margin; without dorsal cirri under margin of each lateral lobe (Figs 13C – D; 14A – B, F). Anal flap triangular, with smooth margin, with short anal cirrus. Scaphal hooks five pairs, amber, slightly curved dorsally, with pointed tips, present near dorsal margin (Figs 13H; 14D, F). Tube not retained. Methyl Green stained body distinctly green on cirri of cephalic veil, ventral lobes of segments 2–6, base of 2 nd pair of tentacular cirri, dorso-lateral pads of segments 3–4, ventro-lateral regions adjacent to neuropodia, regions between segment 21 and scaphe, margins of scaphe, and ventro-lateral regions near posterior four pairs of lateral lobes on scaphe (Fig. 14). Type Locality. NW of Western Australia (Fig. 1), currently only known from type locality. Habitat. Soft sediments from 726 – 732 m. Etymology. The species is named from the Latin word “undulata” as opercular margin of the species is slightly undulated. Remarks. The holotype of A. undulata n. sp., has a damaged rim of the cephalic veil with numerous fine cirri on anterior-left margin which almost certainly represent regenerating cirri (Figs 13B; 14C). Amphictene undulata n. sp. is distinguished from all other species of Amphictene by the following characters: slightly undulating dorsal and lateral margins of operculum; 15 pairs of paleae; and uncini with one enlarged tooth and two longitudinal rows of major teeth (Table 1). Amphictene undulata n. sp. is very similar to A. uniloba Hutchings & Peart, 2002, as they both have one enlarged medial tooth on each uncinus and almost rounded lobes on the opercular margin, but can be distinguished from A. uniloba which has more longitudinal rows (3 – 4 rows) of major uncinial teeth, triangular lobes on opercular margin and distinctly curved scaphal hooks (Table 1).

Two of the species of Pectinariidae previously reported from the Brazilian coast are herein described, together with a new species and also new record for the genus Petta Malmgren, 1866 for the southern Atlantic. Amphictene catharinensis (Grube, 1870) was described from material from off Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, but the most recent description for these animals comes from Nilsson (1928); a redescription for A. catharinensis is herein provided. Pectinaria nonatoi n. sp. was informally described as P. (Pectinaria) laelia nomen nudum in an unpublished thesis and a formal description has never been provided, although the species has been reported from several other localities off the Brazilian shoreline, mostly in ecological studies; the species is formally described herein and compared to the most similar congeners. Petta alissoni n. sp. is also described and compared to the most similar congeners and this is the first record for animals of this genus from southern Atlantic. There are also records for Pectinaria gouldii (Verrill, 1874) and P. regalis Verrill, 1901 from off the Brazilian coast, and a doubtful record for Lagis pseudokoreni (Day, 1955), but we did not find any material belonging to those taxa.

Pectinaria nonatoi n. sp. (Figs 3–7, Table 1) Pectinaria (Pectinaria) laelia sp. nov. (nomen nudum) Nonato 1981: 197 –200, figs 214–217. Material examined. Holotype (ZUEC Pol 5875) and Paratype 1 (ZUEC Pol 21335): coll. Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, state of São Paulo, 23°45'31"S 45°23'57"W, 1997. Paratypes 2–5 (ZUEC Pol 21336–21339): coll. Ubatuba, state of São Paulo, 23°31'00"S 45°06'30"W, 03 May 2002; paratype 5 (ZUEC Pol 21339) dissected, some notochaetae and uncini mounted on microscope slide. Paratype 6 (ZUEC Pol 2257): coll. Ilhabela, state of São Paulo, 23°48'S 45°22'W, 21 May 1997. Paratype 7 (ZUEC Pol 2258): coll. Ilhabela, state of São Paulo, 23°48'S 45°22'W, 19 Mar 1997. Paratype 8 (182F): coll. Angra dos Reis, state of Rio de Janeiro, 15 Jun 1967, intertidal. Paratype 9 (BN): coll. Pedra da Andorinha, Enseada do Flamengo, Ubatuba, state of São Paulo, 23°29'S 45°06'W, 09 Jul 1971. Paratype 10 (ZUEC Pol 3259): coll. Ubatuba, state of São Paulo, 23°26'S 45°04'W, 05 Jul 1983, 10 m; mounted on SEM stub. All specimens collected intertidally. Morphological variation within the type series is shown in Table 1. Description. Typical ice cream cone shaped tubes, composed of single layer of cemented sand grains (Fig. 3A, B). Conical body, 9–35 mm long and 2–6 mm wide (Table 1), pale cream in color. Operculum with smooth low all around marginal lobe; 9–12 pairs of long golden paleae (Figs 3D, E, G; 4A, E; Table 1) distally tapering to filiform tips (Fig. 5 A–C), slightly curved dorsalwards, with narrow wings on distal half, minutely spinulated as observed under SEM (Fig. 6 A–C). Cephalic veil completely free from operculum, with few short blunt buccal tentacles; distal margin of cephalic veil with 17–31 slender cirri of variable sizes (Figs 3 D–G; 4A, E; Table 1); cephalic veil with 1 auricular convoluted lobe on each side (Fig. 3E, F). Tentacular cirri of segments 1 and 2 thin and elongate, distally blunt; tentacular cirri of segment 1 shorter and ventrally aligned to those of segment 2 (Figs 3 C–G; 4A, E). Segments 2–6 distinctly raised ventrally as ventral crests; first crest on segment 2, with additional semi-circular mid-ventral lobe, 3–4 pairs of short, rounded lobes near bases of tentacular cirri, and another transverse ventral crest at mid-length (Figs 3 C–F; 4A, E); under SEM, mid-ventral lobe seen as covered with rounded papillae of variable sizes (Fig. 4F); postero-dorsal ridge on segment 2 absent (Fig. 3G); crest of segment 3 also with semi-circular mid-ventral lobe (Figs 3C, E, F; 4A, E); crest of segment 4 terminating by pair of triangular lobes near ventral edges of second pair of branchiae (Figs 3 C–E; 4A, E). Two pairs of pectinate stalked branchiae, on segments 3 and 4, each pair consisting of numerous loose, flat and smooth rectangular lamellae, much higher than broad, first pair larger, inserted dorsolaterally, second pair inserted laterally (Figs 3 C–F; 4A–C, E). Notopodia beginning on segment 5, extending until segment 20; neuropodia beginning on segment 8, extending until segment 19; last segment at base of scaphe achaetous (Figs 3 H–J; 4A). Notochaetae of two types, arranged in two rows, those of anterior row with narrow limbation on one margin, only visible under SEM, terminating with finely serrated blade, with deep indentation and foliaceous process at base of blade (Figs 5 F–H; 6D–G); chaetae of posterior row narrowly-winged throughout, wings only visible under SEM, tapering to fine tips (Figs 5F, G, I; 6E). Neurochaetae as pectinate uncini, each with 3–4 longitudinal rows of secondary teeth and with 4–5 horizontal rows of teeth, numbers varying within tori, stout handle directed posteriorly, about as long as crest, and rounded basal peg, composed of many densely packed denticles, as seen under SEM (Figs 5D, J; 7 A–E). Scaphe consisting on five fused posterior segments, separated from posterior body segments by clearly defined constriction at segment 21; scaphe oval in shape, flattened and arched ventrally, lateral margins with 6 pairs of lamellae, anal flaps broader than long, with numerous papillae along margins, and short anal cirrus inbetween (Figs 3 H–J; 4A, D, G); 9–21 pairs of brown dorso-lateral scaphal hooks distally sharp, slightly sigmoid, curved posteriorwards (Figs 3J; 4A, D, G; 5E; 7 F–H; Table 1). Variation. Intraspecific variation is given in Table 1. There is variation in the numbers of cephalic veil cirri and of pairs of paleae and scaphal hooks, and this variation is apparently size-related (Table 1). Remarks. This species was informally described in an unpublished thesis (Nonato 1981), as Pectinaria (Pectinaria) laelia, based on material from off the northern coast and São Paulo and southern coast of Rio de Janeiro. Although a formal description has never been provided, the occurrence of these animals was later reported from off southern (state of Paraná) to northeastern Brazil (state of Sergipe), mainly in ecological studies, making P. (P.) laelia a nomen nudum (Amaral et al. 2013). Therefore, it is important to provide a formal description for these animals, not only for a better knowledge of these animals, but also to give other researchers a valid name to attribute to their specimens. Zhang & Qiu (2017) provided a comparative table for the morphological characters of specimens belonging to each species of Pectinaria. The most important diagnostic morphological characters are the numbers of cirri on cephalic veil, pairs of paleae and scaphal hooks, the morphology of the uncini and the scaphal hooks, and the presences of a postero-dorsal lobe on segment 2 and a mid-dorsal cirrus inbetween the pair of anal flaps. Members of P. nonatoi n. sp. have 17–31 cephalic veil cirri, 9–12 pairs of paleae, 9–21 pairs of distally sharp and slightly curved scaphal hooks (Table 1), uncini with 3–4 rows of teeth, a short mid-dorsal cirrus in-between the pair of anal flaps, but a postero-dorsal lobe on segment 2 is absent. Such a combination of characters is not shared by members of any other species of Pectinaria. Particularly, the number of pairs of scaphal hooks of members of P. nonatoi n. sp. is far greater than found in individuals of any other species of this genus, except for P. gouldii (Verrill, 1874), which have distally straight or very slightly curved lanceolate scaphal hooks (Long 1973; Zhang & Qiu 2017). The most important diagnostic characters of specimens of P. nonatoi n. sp., however, are not included in Zhang & Qiu’s table. These are the presence of a pair convoluted lobes next to the cephalic veil, one lobe at each side, and the foliaceous processes at the bases of the blades of serrated notochaetae. The only other species which members have similar auricular lobes near the cephalic veil is P. neapolitana Claparède, 1869, as mentioned in the original description of P. (Lagis) pseudokoreni Day, 1955 (Day 1955: 434, Fig. 5a), species subsequently synonymized with P. neapolitana (Day 1961). Day (1955) considered those lobes as an “intermediate condition” between those of members of Pectinaria, having the cephalic veil completely free from the operculum, and Lagis, having the cephalic veil fused to the operculum. Probably because of this assumption of “intermediate condition”, Day (1955) described his species under the subgenus Lagis, instead of Pectinaria. We disagree because, even if those lobes are considered as part of the cephalic veil, which they are not, they still terminate well before the beginning of the operculum (see our Fig. 3F), and therefore the cephalic veil is completely free from the operculum, characterizing species of Pectinaria in P. neapolitana and P. nonatoi n. sp. Members of P. neapolitana differ from individuals of P. nonatoi n. sp. because their serrated chaetae do not have the foliaceous process at the base of the blade, their uncini have 2–3 longitudinal rows of 6–8 teeth each, while members of P. nonatoi n. sp. have 3–4 rows of 4–5 teeth each, and these animals have 2 achaetous segments at the base of the scaphe and only 5 pairs of scaphal hooks, as opposed to individuals of P. nonatoi n. sp., which have a single achaetous segment at the base of the scaphe and 10–21 pairs of hooks on scaphe. The foliaceous processes at the base of the blades of serrated chaetae of members of P. nonatoi n. sp. are very distinctive. Similar processes are also present in individuals of P. gouldii (Verrill, 1874), according to the redescriptions by Long (1973) and Liñero Arana & Díaz Díaz (2005), although this latter comes from the Caribbean, a doubtful record of that species. Animals belonging to P. gouldii, however, differ from specimens of P. nonatoi n. sp. in the morphology of the scaphal hooks, as discussed above. Type locality. The holotype is from Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. The type series includes specimens collected in several localities between the northern coast of São Paulo and the southern coast of Rio de Janeiro. Etymology. This species is dedicated to late Professor Edmundo Ferraz Nonato, father of Brazilian polychaetology (Lana et al. 2017), who was the first to describe the members of this species, albeit informally.

Petta alissoni n. sp. (Figs 8–12, Table 2) Material examined. Holotype (ZUEC Pol 7891): coll. state of São Paulo, 24°21'S 44°10'W, 10 Jan 1998, 258 m. Paratype 1 (ZUEC Pol 7880): coll. state of Rio de Janeiro, 23°09'36”S 40°57'00”W, 01 Mar 1998, 257 m. Paratypes 2–5 (ZUEC Pol 7882 and 21341–21343): coll. state of Rio de Janeiro, 23°36'30”S 42°10'00”W, 16 Feb 1998, 187 m; paratype 2 (ZUEC Pol 21343) mounted on SEM stub, paratype 5 (ZUEC Pol 21342) dissected, some notochaetae and uncini mounted on microscope slide. Paratype 6 (ZUEC Pol 7892): coll. state of São Paulo, 24°07'36”S 45°52'00”W, 09 Jan 1998, 147 m. Paratype 7 (ZUEC Pol 7890): coll. state of São Paulo, 24°07'18”S 44°42'00”W, 09 Jan 1998, 101 m. Morphological variation within the type series is shown in Table 2. Comparative material examined. Petta pusilla Malmgren, 1 866, NRM 104108: coll. Sweden, Bohuslän, Koster area, Kostergrund, 3 specs in excellent state of preservation. Description. Tubes not studied, as all specimens examined lacked tubes. Conical body, 5–18 mm long and 1– 2 mm wide, pale creamy in color. Operculum with smooth marginal lobe low all around; 10–12 pairs of long golden paleae, distally tapering to blunt tips, slightly curved dorsalwards (Figs 8 A–C, E–G; 9A; 10A, B; 11A; 12A; Table 2). Cephalic veil completely free from operculum, with few short, pointed buccal tentacles; distal margin of cephalic veil smooth, except for medial triangular cirrus, distally entire or bifid (Figs 8 A–C; 9A; 10B); cephalic veil terminating by rounded flaring lobe at each side, each ending by spherical papilla. Tentacular cirri of segments 1 and 2 of similar length, both thin and elongate, distally blunt; tentacular cirri of segment 1 ventrally aligned to those of segment 2 (Figs 8 A–C, E–G; 9A, C; 10A, B). Segments 2–6 distinctly raised ventrally, as ventral crests; first crest, on segment 2, with pair of low ventral lobes interrupted mid-ventrally, each side reaching mid-ventral line, with 5–7 marginal cirri; segment 3 with ventrolateral crests interrupted mid-ventrally by pair of large spherical papillae (Figs 8 A–C, E, G; 9A–C; 10B, C; Table 2). Two pairs of small pectinate stalked branchiae, on segments 3 and 4, each pair consisting of loose, flat and smooth rounded lamellae, almost circular, first pair slightly larger, inserted laterally, second pair inserted dorso-laterally (Figs 8 E–G; 9C; 10A, E). Notopodia beginning on segment 5, extending until segment 21, first 3 pairs shorter; neuropodia beginning on segment 8, extending until segment 21; last segment before scaphe with biramous parapodia (Fig. 12H). Notochaetae of two types, those of anterior row with narrow limbation from base, terminating by serrated alimbate blade, much wider at base, triangular, with smooth edge and coarse striations on sides, edge serrated from immediately after base of blade; chaetae of posterior row narrowly-winged throughout (Figs 10D; 11 B–C; 12B–E, H). Neurochaetae as avicular uncini, with clearly defined main fang, with 2–3 transverse rows of progressively shorter secondary teeth on top, short triangular heel, slightly curved base and rounded basal peg, composed of many densely packed denticles as seen under SEM (Figs 11D; 12F, G). Scaphe consisting on five fused posterior segments, not clearly separated from segment 21; scaphe oval in shape, flattened and arched ventrally, lateral margins with 6 pairs of lamellae, anal flaps distinctly short, shorter than lateral papillae, with long anal cirrus inbetween dorsally (Figs 8D, H–J; 9D, E; 10A, F); 5–8 pairs of brown, dorso-lateral scaphal hooks distally blunt, slightly arched posteriorwards (Figs 10F; 11E; 12 H–J; Table 2). Variation. Intraspecific variation among the specimens of the type series is given in Table 2. Observed variation in the numbers of pairs of paleae, scaphal hooks and cirri on ventral lobes of segment 2 is size-related (Table 2). Remarks. Members of P. pusilla differ from specimens of P. alissoni n. sp. in having distally trifid medial extension of cephalic veil, fewer pairs of cirri on lobes of segment 2, with wider mid-ventral gap, larger midventral lobes on segment 3, and distinctly shorter scaphal medial cirrus, about as long as lateral papillae. Members of P. alissoni n. sp., in contrast, have distally entire or bifid medial extension of cephalic veil (paratype 7 with bifid extension, entire in all other specimens) and scaphal cirrus about 5 times as long as lateral papillae. Members of P. pellucida (Ehlers, 1887) differ from individuals of P. alissoni n. sp. in having distally entire and blunt medial extension of cephalic veil, lobes of segment 2 with pair of ventralmost cirri distinctly longer than other cirri, longer mid-ventral lobes on segment 3, cylindrical and distally rounded. Among members of P. alissoni n. sp., the medial extension of the cephalic veil is distally pointed, cirri of lobes of segment 2 are all of even length, and the mid-ventral lobes of segment 3 are spherical. Petta assimilis McIntosh, 1885 was described based on material from the Kerguelen Islands, Indian Ocean, and the type material is lost, according to Alexander Muir (personal communication). According to the original description, the holotype of P. assimilis differed from specimens of P. alissoni n. sp. in having triangular, distally entire cephalic veil; lobes of segment 2 with 4–5 pairs of cirri, the ventralmost pair distinctly shorter; entire lobe on segment 3, extending across ventral surface of segment without mid-ventral gap, distally cirrate throughout; scaphe with distinctly larger anal flaps, fused to each other in a foliaceous process, with minute terminal cirrus; and notochaetae without specialization at base of blade. In contrast, members of P. alissoni n. sp. have an almost circular cephalic veil, with entire or bifid medial extension; 5–7 pairs of cirri on lobes of segment 2, all of similar length; smooth ventrolateral crests on segment 3, with pair of mid-ventral spherical lobes; scaphe with minute anal flaps, rounded, and distinctly longer terminal cirrus; and their notochaetae have a foliaceous process at base of blade. Members of P. tenuis Caullery, 1944, according to the original description, have ventro-lateral lobes of segment 2 with 4 pairs of triangular cirri, U-shaped ventral lobe on segment 3, and uncini with 3 teeth only, main fang and 2 secondary teeth. In contrast, members of P. alissoni n. sp. have 5–7 pairs of cirri on lobes of segment 2, segment 3 without a ventral lobe, with a pair of spherical papillae instead, and uncini with more secondary teeth, main fang and 2–3 transverse rows of progressively shorter secondary teeth. Type locality. The holotype comes from off the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, southwestern Atlantic. The type series includes material from the northern coast of São Paulo and southern coast of Rio de Janeiro. Etymology. This species is dedicated to Alisson Ricardo da Silva for his friendship with JMMN., Published as part of Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Ribeiro, William M. G., Carrerette, Orlemir & Hutchings, Pat, 2019, Pectinariidae (Annelida, Terebelliformia) from off southeastern Brazil, southwestern Atlantic, pp. 489-509 in Zootaxa 4571 (4) on pages 502-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2614189, {"references":["Ehlers, E. (1887) Reports on the results of dredging, under the direction of L. F. Pourtales, during the years 1868 - 1870, and of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877 - 78), and in the Caribbean Sea (1878 - 79), in the U. S. Coast Survey steamer \" Blake \", Lieut-Com. C. D. Sigsbee, U. S. N. and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U. S. N., commanding. XXXI. Report on the Annelids. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard, 15, i-vi + 1 - 335.","McIntosh, W. C. (1885) Report on the Annelida Polychaeta collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876, Series Zoology, 12, 1 - 554; 55 pls., 1 A- 39 A.","Caullery, M. (1944) Polychetes Sedentaires de l'Expedition du Siboga: Ariciidae, Spionidae, Chaetopteridae, Chlorhaemidae, Opheliidae, Oweniidae, Sabellariidae, Sternaspidae, Amphictenidae, Ampharetidae, Terebellidae. Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Bonatisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indi 1899 - 1900, XXIV, 2 bis, 1 - 204."]}

Amphictene catharinensis (Grube, 1870) (Figs 1–2) Pectinaria (Amphictene) catharinensis. Nilsson 1928: 43 –46, fig. 13; Nonato 1981: 196 –197, figs 210–213. Material examined. ColBIO IG–182: 1 spec., in relatively poor state of preservation; coll. Ilha Grande, state of Rio de Janeiro, 23 o 01’56”S 43 o 57’01”W, southeastern Brazil. Comparative material examined. Amphictene auricoma (Müller, 1776), NRM104076: coll. Sweden, Bohuslän, Kristineberg, 1 spec. in excellent state of preservation. Description. Tube not studied, single specimen examined already extracted from its tube, which was not retained. Conical body, 15 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, pale cream in color. Operculum with low marginal lobe all around, with 11 irregularly spaced triangular cirri (Fig. 1 B–D); 9 pairs of long golden paleae distally tapering to fine tips, slightly curved dorsalwards (Figs 1 B–E; 2A, B). Cephalic veil completely free from operculum, with few short, distally blunt buccal tentacles at base; distal margin of cephalic veil with 18 slender cirri of two sizes, alternating long and short cirri (Fig. 1B, C, E, G). Tentacular cirri of segments 1 and 2 of similar length, both thin and elongate, distally blunt; tentacular cirri of segment 1 dorsally aligned to those of segment 2 (Fig. 1 A–D, G). Segments 2–6 distinctly raised ventrally, as ventral crests; first crest on segment 2, with 7 pairs of marginal cirri distributed continuously along crest; crest of segment 4 with large triangular, distally rounded lobe medially, and 2 shorter lobes of similar shape at each side (Fig. 1 A–C, E, G). Two pairs of small pectinate stalked branchiae on segments 3 and 4, each pair consisting of smooth rectangular lamellae longer than wide, first pair larger, inserted dorso-laterally, second pair inserted laterally (Fig. 1 A–E, G). Notopodia beginning on segment 5 (Fig. 1B, C), extending until segment 20; neuropodia beginning on segment 8, extending until segment 20; single achaetous segment at base of scaphe. Notochaetae of two types, those of anterior row with narrow limbation from base, terminating with finely serrated alimbate blade, indented shortly after base of blade (Fig. 2 C–E); chaetae of posterior row narrowly-winged from base to tip (Fig. 2C, D, F). Neurochaetae as pectinate uncini, with 2 longitudinal rows of ~8 teeth of similar size, stout handle directed posteriorly, about as long as crest, and rounded basal peg (Fig. 2 G–I). Scaphe clearly separated from abdominal segments by constriction at segment 21; scaphe oval in shape, flattened and arched ventrally, lateral margins with 6 pairs of lamellae, anal flaps broader than long, with numerous papillae along edges, and short anal cirrus in-between (Fig. 1F, H, I); 13 pairs of brown, dorsolateral scaphal hooks distally pointed and sigmoid, slightly hooked, progressively stouter and longer along torus dorsalwards (Fig. 2J). Variation. According to Nilsson (1928), who re-described the taxon, this species was originally described from a single specimen in poor condition (Grube 1870), dredged by Fritz Müller from off Ilha de Santa Catarina (formerly Desterro Island) in southern Brazil. According to Birger Neuhaus (personal communication), that specimen is still available at Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin. Professor Nonato, however, examined for his thesis (Nonato 1981) 38 specimens of this species, from off the northern coast of São Paulo and southern coast of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil, slightly north of the type locality. We went through Prof. Nonato’s material, but could find only one specimen of A. catharinensis, which was used for the description above. The original description (Grube 1870) and the redescription of the type specimen by Nilsson (1928) compared to the specimen we examined, allowed us to evaluate some of the intraspecific variation of morphological characters, among members of A. catharinensis. The specimen studied by Grube (1870) and Nilsson (1928) is larger than the one we examined, 31 mm long and 10 mm wide, and has proportionally more paleae (11 on one side, 12 on the other), more cirri on cephalic veil [40 (Nilsson 1928) or 50 (Grube 1870)] and on ventral lobe of segment 2 [10 or 16 (Grube 1870), or 17–18 pairs (Nilsson 1928)], and more pairs of scaphal hooks (26). The specimen we examined is much smaller, 15 mm long and 2.5 mm wide, has 9 pairs of paleae, cephalic veil with 18 cirri on distal edge, 7 pairs of cirri on ventral lobe of segment 2, and 13 pairs of scaphal hooks. Interestingly enough, Nonato (1981) did not observe variation in this latter character, as he stated that all his 38 specimens had 13 pairs of scaphal hooks. Remarks. The most important diagnostic character for members of A. catharinensis is the presence of a large cushion-like mid-ventral lobe with two additional pairs of smaller lobes on the crest of segment 4 (Fig. 1E). This species was described in the 19 th century and has already been reported from the states of Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo and Sergipe (Amaral et al. 2013) from southern to northeastern Brazil. As said above, the holotype was re-described by Nilsson (1928). Type locality. Brazilian Economic Exclusive Zone, off the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil (Grube 1870; Nilsson 1928)., Published as part of Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Ribeiro, William M. G., Carrerette, Orlemir & Hutchings, Pat, 2019, Pectinariidae (Annelida, Terebelliformia) from off southeastern Brazil, southwestern Atlantic, pp. 489-509 in Zootaxa 4571 (4) on pages 492-495, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2614189, {"references":["Grube, A. E. (1870) Bemerkungen ueber die Amphicteneen und Amphareteen Mgn. Schles. gesellschaft fur vaterlandische cultur Breslau Jahresber, 48, 68 - 84.","Nilsson, D. (1928) Neue und alte Amphicteniden. Goteborgs Kunge. Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets Samhalles Handlingar, Series 4, 33, 1 - 96.","Nonato, E. F. (1981) Contribuicao ao Conhecimento dos Anelideos Poliquetas Bentonicos da Plataforma Continental Brasileira, Entre Cabo Frio e o Arroio Chui. Livre-Docencia Thesis, Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 246 pp.","Muller, O. F. (1776) Zoologicae Danicae Prodromus, seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae indigenarum characteres, nomina et synonyma imprimis popularium. Typiis Hallageriis, Copenhagen, pp. 1 - 274.","Amaral, A. C. Z., Nallin, S. A. H., Steiner, T. M. Forroni, T. O. & Gomes Filho, D. (2013) Catalogo das especies de Annelida Polychaeta do Brasil. Available from: http: // www. ib. unicamp. br / projbiota / bentos _ marinho / prod _ cien / texto _ poli. pdf (accessed 17 March 2019)"]}

Genus Petta Malmgren, 1866 Type species. Petta pusilla Malmgren, 1866, by monotypy. Diagnosis. Pectinariids with smooth cephalic veil, with medial tentacular extension, free from opercular lobe, smooth margin of opercular lobe, poorly-marked separation between scaphe and abdomen, and avicular uncini with transverse rows of progressively shorter teeth distalwards (Hutchings & Peart 2002). In addition, the branchiae and the anal flaps are distinctly shorter than among members of other genera of pectinariids, the latter shorter than scaphal lateral papillae, while the anal cirrus is remarkably longer. Remarks. Prior to the present study, Petta was a genus comprising only four species. The type species is known from off Sweden, and the other species were described from specimens collected as far apart as in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, Kerguelen Islands and Indonesia. Therefore, the present study brings the first record for species of this genus for the southern Atlantic. Although Petta has few valid species currently, in most cases they are known only from type material, which in some cases is lost or in poor condition, and the descriptions do not include several important taxonomic characters. A revision of the genus is currently under preparation by Zhang et al., Published as part of Nogueira, Jo��o Miguel De Matos, Ribeiro, William M. G., Carrerette, Orlemir & Hutchings, Pat, 2019, Pectinariidae (Annelida, Terebelliformia) from off southeastern Brazil, southwestern Atlantic, pp. 489-509 in Zootaxa 4571 (4) on pages 500-502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2614189, {"references":["Malmgren, A. J. (1866) Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, Stockholm, 22, 355 - 410.","Hutchings, P. & Peart, R. (2002) A review of the genera of Pectinariidae (Polychaeta) together with a description of the Australian Fauna. Records of the Australian Museum, 54, 99 - 127. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.54.2002.1356"]}

Family Pectinariidae Malmgren, 1866 Description. Typical ice cream cone shaped tubes, composed of sand grains and small stones cemented in mucus. Conical short body, with 26 segments. Prostomium fused to peristomium, forming circular to ovate membranous cephalic veil, with smooth or cirrate distal margin; relatively few, short, broad and tapering distally, almost triangular buccal tentacles, located ventrally at base of cephalic veil. Segment 1 distinctly short to poorlydeveloped ventrally, well-developed laterally and dorsally, forming cushion-like rounded operculum with low marginal lobe of even length, smooth or cirrate distal margin, and large golden and flattened notopodial paleae tapering to tips, arranged in two dorso-lateral arched rows, near proximal (= ventral) margin of operculum. Segment 1 with pair of digitiform tentacular cirri located ventro-laterally, one cirrus at each lateral margin of opercular lobe. Segments 2���6 forming distinctly raised crests ventrally, as ventral ridges, first crest more developed, sometimes with ventral lobe(s), cirrate or smooth; segment 2 also with pair of digitiform tentacular cirri, usually aligned ventrally to cirri of segment 1. Two pairs of lamellate branchiae on segments 3 and 4, branchial filaments originating in pectinate arrangement from dorso-lateral to lateral basal stalks; branchial lamellae relatively loosely packed, flat and smooth. Notopodia from segment 5 to segments 20���21; neuropodia beginning on segment 8 and continuing to segment 20���21; 1���2 achaetous or only notopodia-bearing segments may be present at base of scaphe. Narrowly-winged notochaetae throughout in both rows, or only on posterior row, and those of anterior row have narrow limbation from base, terminating by finely serrated alimbate blade; sometimes blades of bases with modifications, which shape of varies among taxa. Neurochaetae as uncini, arranged in single, straight tori; uncini with anterior peg made of densely packed denticles; uncinal teeth long and thin, arranged in longitudinal rows, main fang absent (pectinate) or main fang present and secondary teeth in transverse rows and progressively shorter distalwards (avicular); uncini with base extending posteriorly as stout handle. Last 5 segments fused into sucker-like scaphe, with pair of transverse rows of stout notopodial hooks dorsally at base, paired lateral lamellae and longer anal flaps distally, frequently with terminal cirrus in-between (Rouse & Pleijel 2001; Hutchings & Peart 2002; Zhang & Qiu 2017). Remarks. Pectinariids differ from members of all other families of Terebelliformia in regards to the body regions. Terebelliforms typically have the body divided into a thoracic region with some achaetous segments, followed by a few segments with only notopodia and then biramous parapodia, and an abdomen with segments bearing only neuropodia, although when notopodia extend until posterior body the demarcation between thorax and abdomen is not clearly defined (Nogueira et al. 2010, 2013). Members of Pectinariidae, in contrast, have only 26 segments arranged in a thoracic region with some achaetous segments and then a few segments bearing only notopodia, an abdomen with biramous parapodia, frequently terminating by 1���2 segments achaetous or bearing only notopodia, and then a sucker-like scaphe, consisting of five fused segments (Rouse & Pleijel 2001; Hutchings & Peart 2002; Zhang & Qiu 2017). The family Pectinariidae is composed of five genera distinguished mostly by the morphology of the cephalic veil, opercular margin, scaphe and uncini. In members of Amphictene Savigny, 1822 both the cephalic veil and the opercular margin are cirrate, the scaphe is well separated from the abdomen, and the uncini are pectinate, with at least two longitudinal rows of teeth (Hutchings & Peart 2002). Specimens belonging to Cistenides Malmgren, 1866 have cirrate cephalic veil, but the opercular margin is smooth, the scaphe is well separated from the abdomen, and the uncini are pectinate, with single longitudinal row of teeth (Hutchings & Peart 2002). Individuals of Lagis Malmgren, 1866 also have cirrate cephalic veil and smooth opercular margin, but their cephalic veil is laterally fused to the operculum; among members of Lagis, the uncini are also pectinate and have at least two longitudinal rows of teeth, while the scaphe is also well separated from the posterior body segments (Hutchings & Peart 2002). Among members of Pectinaria Lamarck, 1818, the cephalic veil is also cirrate and the opercular margin is smooth, the uncini have at least two longitudinal rows of teeth, and the scaphe is well separated from the abdomen (Hutchings & Peart 2002). Animals belonging to Petta Malmgren, 1866 have smooth cephalic veil, except for a medial extension, the opercular margin is also smooth, the uncini are breviavicular rather than bipectinate (sensu Holthe 1986a), with transverse series of progressively shorter distalwards secondary teeth on top of the main fang, and the transition between the posterior body segments and the scaphe is not as clearly marked as among members of the other genera of the family (Hutchings & Peart 2002)., Published as part of Nogueira, Jo��o Miguel De Matos, Ribeiro, William M. G., Carrerette, Orlemir & Hutchings, Pat, 2019, Pectinariidae (Annelida, Terebelliformia) from off southeastern Brazil, southwestern Atlantic, pp. 489-509 in Zootaxa 4571 (4) on pages 490-491, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2614189, {"references":["Malmgren, A. J. (1866) Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, Stockholm, 22, 355 - 410.","Rouse, G. W. & Pleijel, F. (2001) Polychaetes. Oxford University Press, New York, 354 pp.","Hutchings, P. & Peart, R. (2002) A review of the genera of Pectinariidae (Polychaeta) together with a description of the Australian Fauna. Records of the Australian Museum, 54, 99 - 127. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.54.2002.1356","Zhang, J. & Qiu, J. - W. (2017) A new species of Pectinaria (Annelida, Pectinariidae), with a key to pectinariids from the South China Sea. ZooKeys, 683, 139 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 683.12272","Nogueira, J. M. M., Hutchings, P. A. & Fukuda, M. V. (2010) Morphology of terebelliform polychaetes (Annelida: Polychaeta: Terebelliformia), with a focus on Terebellidae. Zootaxa, 2460 (1), 1 - 185. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2460.1.1","Nogueira, J. M. M., Fitzhugh, K. & Hutchings, P. A. (2013) The continuing challenge of phylogenetic relationships in Terebelliformia (Annelida: Polychaeta). Invertebrate Systematics, 27, 186 - 238. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 12062","Savigny, J. - C. (1822) Systeme des annelides, principalement de celles des cotes de l'Egypte et de la Syrie, offrant les caracteres tant distinctifs que naturels des Ordres, Familles et Genres, avec la Description des Especes. Description de l'Egypte ou Recueil des Observations et des Recherches qui ont et faites en Egypte pendant l'Expedition de l'Armee Francaise, publi par les Ordres de sa Majest l'Empereur Napoleon le Grand. Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 1 (3), 1 - 128.","Lamarck, J. B. (1818) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres, presentant les caracteres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales especes qui s'y rapportent; precedee d'une introduction offrant la determination des caracteres essentiels de l'animal, sa distinction du vegetal et des autres corps naturels, enfin, l'exposition des principes fondamentaux de la zoologie. Vol. 5. Deterville, Paris, 612 pp.","Holthe, T. (1986 a) Evolution, systematics, and distribution of the Polychaeta Terebellomorpha, with a catalogue of the taxa and a bibliography. Gunneria, 55, 1 - 236."]}

Genus Amphictene Savigny, 1822 Type species. Amphitrite auricoma M��ller, 1776, type by subsequent designation (Hartman 1959). Diagnosis. Pectinariids with both cephalic veil and margin of opercular lobe cirrate, scaphe well separated from abdomen, pectinate uncini with at least 2 longitudinal rows of nearly evenly-sized teeth and stout handle (Hutchings & Peart 2002). Remarks. Amphictene, Cistenides, Lagis and Petta were all considered as subgenera of Pectinaria in the past (Hartman 1941; Day 1967; Holthe 1986a, b, except for Petta), but Fauchald (1977), following Long (1973), raised all these subgenera to generic level, and that classification has been adopted in more recent papers (Wolf 1984; Hutchings & Peart 2002; Sun & Qiu 2012; Garc��a-Garza & Leon-Gonzalez 2014; Zhang et al. 2015; Choi et al. 2017; Zhang & Qiu 2017)., Published as part of Nogueira, Jo��o Miguel De Matos, Ribeiro, William M. G., Carrerette, Orlemir & Hutchings, Pat, 2019, Pectinariidae (Annelida, Terebelliformia) from off southeastern Brazil, southwestern Atlantic, pp. 489-509 in Zootaxa 4571 (4) on page 491, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2614189, {"references":["Savigny, J. - C. (1822) Systeme des annelides, principalement de celles des cotes de l'Egypte et de la Syrie, offrant les caracteres tant distinctifs que naturels des Ordres, Familles et Genres, avec la Description des Especes. Description de l'Egypte ou Recueil des Observations et des Recherches qui ont et faites en Egypte pendant l'Expedition de l'Armee Francaise, publi par les Ordres de sa Majest l'Empereur Napoleon le Grand. Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 1 (3), 1 - 128.","Muller, O. F. (1776) Zoologicae Danicae Prodromus, seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae indigenarum characteres, nomina et synonyma imprimis popularium. Typiis Hallageriis, Copenhagen, pp. 1 - 274.","Hartman, O. (1959) Catalogue of the polychaetous annelids of the World. Parts I and II. Allan Hancock Foundation Occasional Papers, 23, 1 - 628.","Hutchings, P. & Peart, R. (2002) A review of the genera of Pectinariidae (Polychaeta) together with a description of the Australian Fauna. Records of the Australian Museum, 54, 99 - 127. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.54.2002.1356","Hartman, O. (1941) Polychaetous annelids. Part IV. Pectinariidae. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 7, 325 - 345.","Day, J. H. (1967) A monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa. British Museum of Natural History Publications, 656, 459 - 878.","Holthe, T. (1986 a) Evolution, systematics, and distribution of the Polychaeta Terebellomorpha, with a catalogue of the taxa and a bibliography. Gunneria, 55, 1 - 236.","Holthe, T. (1986 b) Polychaeta Terebellomorpha. Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia, 7, 1 - 194.","Fauchald, K. (1977) The polychaete worms: Definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series, 28, 1 - 188.","Long, C. D. (1973) Pectinariidae (Polychaeta) from Caribbean and associated waters. Bulletin of Marine Science, 23, 857 - 874.","Wolf, P. S. (1984) Chapter 50. Family Pectinariidae Quatrefages, 1865. In: Uebelacker, J. M. & Johnson, P. G. (Eds.), Taxonomic Guide to the Polychaetes of the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Vol VII. Barry A Vittor and Associates, Mobile, pp. 1 - 10.","Sun, Y. & Qiu, J. - W. (2012) A new species of Lagis (Polychaeta: Pectinariidae) from Hong Kong. Zootaxa, 3264, 61 - 68.","Garcia-Garza, M. E. & Leon-Gonzalez, J. A. (2014) A new species of Amphictene (Annelida, Pectinariidae) from the Gulf of Mexico, with a redescription of Amphictene guatemalensis (Nilsson, 1928). ZooKeys, 367, 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 367.6038","Zhang, J., Zhang, Y. & Qiu, J. - W. (2015) A new species of Amphictene (Annelida, Pectinariidae) from the northern South China Sea. ZooKeys, 545, 27 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 545.6454","Choi, H. K., Jung, T. W. & Yoon, S. M. (2017) A new species of Lagis (Annelida: Polychaeta: Pectinariidae) from Korean waters. Zootaxa, 4227 (2), 279 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4227.2.8","Zhang, J. & Qiu, J. - W. (2017) A new species of Pectinaria (Annelida, Pectinariidae), with a key to pectinariids from the South China Sea. ZooKeys, 683, 139 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 683.12272"]}

Agglutinated worm tubes from the Upper Devonian of the Devils Gate section in Nevada, USA are reported for the first time, filling a major gap in their Palaeozoic fossil record. Two small (5 mm and 6.7 mm in length) tubes are composed entirely of tentaculitid shells, and one large tube (55 mm in length) is formed from particles including ostracode carapaces, echinoderm ossicles, tentaculitid shells and putative bryozoan fragments aligned perpendicularly to the tube's long axis. The tubes, in particular the large one have a cylindrical, curved and tapering tube morphology that is very similar to that of modern agglutinating polychaetes of the families Terebellidae and Pectinariidae. The large tube is dominated by objects that fall within a certain size-range, and although built from different types of particles, echinoderm ossicles are prevalent in the posterior part, whereas ostracode carapaces dominate in the middle and anterior parts of the tube. Tentaculitid shells are relatively rare in the large tube, despite being abundant in the surrounding host deposit. The faunal assemblage composing the tube suggests that the worm animal was rather specific in its selection of particles with a certain morphology. This is common behaviour amongst many modern agglutinating terebellid and pectinariid polychaetes. The preservation of such fragile tubes was enhanced by rapid burial, likely caused by gravity flow of sediment in a deep-slope setting.

Pectinariids are a family of polychaetes commonly found in shallow coastal waters around the world, but their diversity is poorly known along the coasts of Asia. Here we describe Amphictene alata sp. n. (Pectinariidae), based on 15 specimens collected from the coastal waters of Guangdong in the northern South China Sea. This new species can be distinguished from all other 13 described species and one described subspecies of Amphictene by having a pair of dorsolateral lobes on segment 3, a pair of large lateral lobes on segment 21, and more scaphal hooks (26 to 37 pairs).

Pectinariidae is a family of polychaetes building unique ice-cream cone shaped sandy tubes. Pectinaria torquata sp. n. (Pectinariidae) is described from the coastal waters of the northern South China Sea. This new species can be distinguished from all other 25 recognized species in the genus by a combination of characters: 16 chaetigers; 26–32 cirri in the cephalic veil; 11–12 pairs of cephalic spines; uncini with major teeth arranged in two rows, each with 7–8 major teeth; presence of a dorsal posterior lobe on segments 2 and 20; 4–5 pairs of curved scaphal hooks; and an anal flap with a crenulated margin. A key to all recognized pectinariids in the South China Sea is provided.

The genus Amphictene is reported for the first time from Mexico. Previous records for America are restricted to Brazil (A. catharinensis) (Grube, 1870), and Guatemala (A. guatemalensis) (Nilsson, 1928). In this paper we describe a new species, Amphictene helenae sp. n., characterized by the presence of three pairs of tentacular cirri, while other species have only two pairs. The new species is closely similar to Amphictene catharinensis, and can be distinguished by the presence of a circular group of glandular papillae inserted between the lines of glandular cirri present from the second segment. A. guatemalensis is redescribed based on type material; it differs from the new species in the presence of two pairs of tentacular cirri on segments 1 and 2, six pairs of glandular cirri on the third segment, and four glandular lobes fused in pairs on the fourth segment.

The earliest agglutinated pectinariid-like tube with a modern appearance is described from the Late Cretaceous (Santonian, ∼84 My) of Colombia. The rare agglutinated fossil tube is composed of sorted skeletal material, quartz sand, and unidentified carbonaceous fragments. It's solitary and non–encrusting life mode, the straight conical shape, and the agglutinated tube wall composed of sand-sized grains, supports affinity with the tube-building Family Pectinariidae. This finding suggests that Pectinariidae might have first appeared in the Neotropics at least by the late Mesozoic.

Macrobenthic community changes were assessed in relation to different levels of fishing intensity following a before—after, control—impact experimental design with a control, a moderately impacted area, and a highly impacted area. Samples were collected before, immediately after, and 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 30, and 120 days after fishing. Communities in fished areas showed short-term significant effects on abundance, number of species, biomass, and diversity 1–3 days after fishing, with fished areas presenting lower mean values than the control. The opposite pattern was found for the carnivore-to-suspension feeding ratio. The main taxonomic groups showed different responses to fishing. Only gastropod abundance and the abundance of the polychaete families Pectinariidae and Sabellidae showed persistent negative effects of fishing. The effects on these polychaete families confirms the sensitivity of sedentary and suspension feeders to fishing. Some variables presented slightly higher negative effects with f...