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Background: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention is the preferred treatment in ST-elevation myocardial infarction. At night period, the delay until performing primary percutaneous coronary intervention may be determinant to prognosis worsening. Objective: To analyze the results of primary percutaneous coronary intervention performed at day and night periods. Methods: Cohort study that included patients admitted with ST-elevation myocardial infarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention from December 2013 until December 2016 in a ST-elevation myocardial infarction reference hospital of a metropolitan region in Brazil, followed from admission to hospital discharge or death, compared according to time of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (night or day). Statistical analysis comprehended the Chi-square test, the Fisher test, the Student's t-test and the analysis of variance, with significance level of 5%. Results: 446 patients were submitted to primary percutaneous coronary intervention, 159 (35.6%) at night time and 287 (64.4%) at day time. No differences were found between the two groups concerning clinical baseline characteristics. Door-to-balloon time (101 ± 81 minutes vs. 99 ± 78 minutes; p = 0,59) and onset-to-ballon time (294 ± 158 minutes vs. 278 ± 174 minutes; p = 0,32) did not differ between the groups. The incidence of combined major adverse cardiac events (15.1% vs. 14.3%; p = 0,58) and in-hospital mortality (9.4% vs. 8.0%; p = 0,61) were similar between the groups, as well as length of hospital stay (6.0 ± 4 days vs. 4.9 ± 4 days; p = 0,91). Conclusion: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention at night time showed similar results as the procedure performed at day time, without significant increase of in-hospital adverse events, length of stay or mortality.

Background Higher mortality is reported among women with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and angiographic profiles, as well as outcomes of patients submitted to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI), according to gender. Methods Retrospective study that included patients with STEMI undergoing pPCI between March 2012 and May 2013 at a regional referral center, followed from admission until hospital discharge or death. Results 208 patients underwent pPCI, of whom 51 (24.5%) were women and 157 (75.5%) men. A significant difference was observed for age (65.5 ± 14.0 vs. 58.8 ± 11.0 years; p = 0.001), diabetes (43.1% vs. 24.8%; p = 0.02), Killip-Kimball class III/IV (7.0% vs. 17.6%; p = 0.02), pain-to-door time (181 ± 154 minutes vs. 125 ± 103 minutes; p = 0.004), and door-to-balloon time (181 ± 87 vs. 133 minutes ± 67 minutes; p = 0.001). The success of the procedure was similar (92.1% vs. 91.1%; p = 0.22). In-hospital mortality was higher for females (23.5% vs. 8.9%; p = 0.006). Multivariate analysis identified age ≥ 70 years (odds ratio - OR = 2.75; 95% confidence interval - 95% CI: 1.81–3.64; p = 0.029) and Killip-Kimball class III/IV (OR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.49–4.02; p = 0.002) as independent predictors of mortality. Conclusions Women with STEMI had a more severe clinical profile and longer pain-to-door and door-to-balloon times than men. Females had higher in-hospital mortality after pPCI, but the female gender was not identified as an independent predictor of death.

ResumoIntroduçãoRelata‐se maior mortalidade no sexo feminino no infarto do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento de ST (IAMCST). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os perfis clínico e angiográfico, e os resultados de pacientes submetidos à intervenção coronária percutânea primária (ICPp), de acordo com o sexo.MétodosEstudo retrospectivo que incluiu pacientes com IAMCST submetidos à ICPp entre março de 2012 e maio de 2013, em um serviço de referência regional, acompanhados desde a admissão até a alta hospitalar ou o óbito.ResultadosForam submetidos à ICPp 208 pacientes, sendo 51 (24,5%) mulheres e 157 (75,5%) homens. Observou‐se diferença significativa para idade (65,5 ± 14,0 vs. 58,8 ± 11,0 anos; p = 0,001), diabetes (43,1% vs. 24,8%; p = 0,02), classificação de Killip‐Kimbal III/IV (17,6% vs. 7,0%; p = 0,02), tempo dor‐porta (181 ± 154 minutos vs. 125 ± 103 minutos; p = 0,004) e tempo porta‐balão (181 ± 133 minutos vs. 87 ± 67 minutos; p = 0,001). O sucesso do procedimento foi semelhante (92,1% vs. 91,1%; p = 0,22). A mortalidade hospitalar foi maior para o sexo feminino (23,5% vs. 8,9%; p = 0,006). Análise multivariada identificou como preditores independentes de mortalidade a idade ≥ 70 anos (odds ratio OR = 2,75; intervalo de confiança de 95% IC 95% 1,81‐3,64; p = 0,029) e a classe Killip‐Kimbal III/IV (OR = 2,45; IC 95% 1,49‐4,02; p = 0,002).ConclusõesMulheres com IAMCST apresentaram perfil clínico mais grave e tempos dor‐porta e porta‐balão mais prolongados que homens. O sexo feminino apresentou maior mortalidade hospitalar após ICPp, porém o sexo feminino não foi identificado como preditor independente de óbito.AbstractBackgroundHigher mortality is reported among women with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and angiographic profiles, as well as outcomes of patients submitted to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI), according to gender.MethodsRetrospective study that included patients with STEMI undergoing pPCI between March 2012 and May 2013 at a regional referral center, followed from admission until hospital discharge or death.Results208 patients underwent pPCI, of whom 51 (24.5%) were women and 157 (75.5%) men. A significant difference was observed for age (65.5 ± 14.0 vs. 58.8 ± 11.0 years; p = 0.001), diabetes (43.1% vs. 24.8%; p = 0.02), Killip‐Kimball class III/IV (7.0% vs. 17.6%; p = 0.02), pain‐to‐door time (181 ± 154minutes vs. 125 ± 103minutes; p = 0.004), and door‐to‐balloon time (181 ± 87 vs. 133minutes ± 67minutes; p = 0.001). The success of the procedure was similar (92.1% vs. 91.1%; p = 0.22). In‐hospital mortality was higher for females (23.5% vs. 8.9%; p = 0.006). Multivariate analysis identified age ≥ 70 years (odds ratio ‐ OR = 2.75; 95% confidence interval ‐ 95% CI: 1.81–3.64; p = 0.029) and Killip‐Kimball class III/IV (OR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.49–4.02; p = 0.002) as independent predictors of mortality.ConclusionsWomen with STEMI had a more severe clinical profile and longer pain‐to‐door and door‐to‐balloon times than men. Females had higher in‐hospital mortality after pPCI, but the female gender was not identified as an independent predictor of death.

Introdução: O uso da via radial em intervenções cardíacas associa-se à redução das complicações vasculares, porém requer maior curva de aprendizado e pode aumentar a exposição do paciente e da equipe à radiação. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o tempo de fluoroscopia, como variável substituta para a exposição à radiação, durante cateterismo cardíaco diagnóstico pelas vias radial e femoral. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo observacional que incluiu pacientes submetidos ao cateterismo cardíaco entre julho de 2013 e outubro de 2014. Foram comparados os grupos radial e femoral quanto ao tempo total do procedimento, tempo de fluoroscopia, relação tempo de fluoroscopia/procedimento e complicações vasculares. Resultados: Foram incluídos 1.915 procedimentos, sendo 11,2% realizados por via radial e 88,8% realizados por via femoral. Observou-se predomínio do sexo masculino no grupo radial (80% vs. 54,1%; p < 0,01), mas a média de idades (61,6 ± 9,7 vs. 62,4 ± 11,6; p = 0,13), o tempo do procedimento (8,7 ± 3,8 vs. 8,1 ± 4,1 minutos; p = 0,91), o tempo de fluoroscopia (4,8 ± 2,7 vs. 4,1 ± 2,6 minutos; p = 0,89), a relação tempo de fluoroscopia/procedimento (0,56 ± 0,24 vs. 0,49 ± 0,32; p = 0,89) e as complicações maiores (0,0% vs. 0,3%; p = 0,55) foram semelhantes entre os grupos. Conclusões: A utilização da via radial para procedimentos diagnósticos por operadores experientes pode ser feita com um tempo de procedimento aceitável, sem aumentar a exposição radiológica do paciente e da equipe, e com baixo número de complicações. Background: The use of radial access in cardiac interventions is associated with reduced vascular complications, however it demands a longer learning curve and may increase fluoroscopy time. This study aimed to evaluate the fluoroscopy time as a surrogate marker of radiation exposure, during diagnostic cardiac catheterization by radial and femoral routes. Methods: Retrospective observational study including patients who underwent cardiac catheterization from July 2013 to October 2014. Radial and femoral groups were compared for total procedural time, fluoroscopy time, fluoroscopy to procedural time ratio and vascular complications. Results: The study included 1,915 procedures, 11.2% of which performed by radial approach and 88.8%, by femoral approach. A male prevalence was found in the radial group (80% vs. 54.1%, p < 0.01), but age (61.6 ± 9.7 years vs. 62.4 ± 11.6 years, p = 0.13), total procedural time (8.7 ± 3.8 vs. 8.1 ± 4.1 minutes, p = 0.91), fluoroscopy time (4.8 ± 2.7 vs. 4.1 ± 2.6 minutes, p = 0.89), fluoroscopy/procedure time ratio (0.56 ± 0.24 vs. 0.49 ± 0.32, p = 0.89), and major complications (0.0% vs. 0.3%, p = 0.55) were similar between groups. Conclusions: The use of the transradial approach for diagnostic procedures by experienced operating physicians may be used with an acceptable total procedural time without increasing the radiation exposure of the patient and staff, and with a low incidence of complications.

BackgroundTreatment of ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction has primary percutaneous coronary intervention as the preferred method of reperfusion. This study aimed to evaluate in-hospital outcomes of patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction according to the total ischemic time until performing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.MethodsSingle-center registry of patients admitted with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention between March/2012 and February/2014, followed from admission to hospital discharge, and compared according to the total ischemic time (Group 1: symptom onset-to-balloon time6 and2 and lower primary percutaneous coronary intervention success rate. The incidences of death or non-fatal infarction (11.0% vs. 18.6%; p=0.08), death (8.5% vs. 16.8%; p=0.04) and acute renal failure (7.6% vs. 19.9%; p6hours presented higher clinical complexity and worse in-hospital outcomes when compared to patients treated earlier. Joint actions in different critical areas of patient care are essential to increase treatment efficacy and reduce adverse outcomes.RESUMOResultados da Interveção Coronária Percutânea Primária de Acordo com o Tempo Total de IsquemiaIntrodçãoO tratamento do infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento de ST tem a intervenção coronária percutânea primária como método preferencial de reperfusão. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a evolução hospitalar de pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento de ST, conforme o tempo total de isquemia, até a realização de intervenção coronária percutânea primária.MétodosRegistro unicêntrico, de pacientes admitidos com infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento de ST submetidos à intervenção coronária percutânea primária entre março de 2012 e fevereiro de 2014, acompanhados da admissão até a alta hospitalar e comparados conforme o tempo total de isquemia (Grupo 1: tempo dor-balão6 e2 e menor taxa de sucesso da intervenção coronária percutânea primária. As incidências de óbito ou infarto não fatal (11,0% vs. 18,6%; p=0,08), óbito (8,5% vs. 16,8%; p=0,04) e insuficiencia renal aguda (7,6% vs. 19,9%; p6 horas apresentaram maior complexidade clínica e pior evolução hospitalar em relagao àqueles tratados mais precocemente. Ações conjuntas em diversos pontos críticos da assistência ao paciente são fundamentais para aumentar a eficácia do tratamento e reduzir os desfechos adversos.

We report the case of an 81-year-old patient with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS) who developed refractory hemodynamic instability and respiratory arrest during a diagnostic cardiac catheterization. The patient was submitted to a percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty as a life saving procedure with subsequent hemodynamic improvement and clinical stabilization. The possibility of surgical treatment for AS was excluded due to the high surgical risk. Clinical follow-up of up to 7 months after the procedure demonstrated significant improvement in functional class and good exercise tolerance.

Relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 81 anos, com estenose aórtica (EA) grave sintomática, que, durante cateterismo cardíaco diagnóstico, evoluiu com instabilidade hemodinâmica refratária e posterior parada respiratória. Foi submetida à valvuloplastia aórtica percutânea por balão como medida salvadora, com subsequente melhora hemodinâmica e compensação clínica. A possibilidade de tratamento cirúrgico da EA foi descartada pelo alto risco cirúrgico. O acompanhamento clínico de até 7 meses após o procedimento demonstrou melhora significativa da classe funcional e boa tolerância aos esforços. We report the case of an 81-year-old patient with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS) who developed refractory hemodynamic instability and respiratory arrest during a diagnostic cardiac catheterization. The patient was submitted to a percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty as a life saving procedure with subsequent hemodynamic improvement and clinical stabilization. The possibility of surgical treatment for AS was excluded due to the high surgical risk. Clinical follow-up of up to 7 months after the procedure demonstrated significant improvement in functional class and good exercise tolerance.