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Abstract This paper proposes a Boolean network model with high dimensional chaos driving and investigates the synchronization of the chaos‐driven Boolean network with a semi‐tensor product. In order to protect the privacy and ensure the security of image transmission, the synchronization results are utilized in the image cryptosystem to achieve compression and encryption. First, the driving chaos system is coupled with multiple local systems and synchronized with the transmitted encrypted signals. Second, the Boolean network is driven and synchronized with derived chaos signals. Finally, images are encrypted and compressed with chaos‐driven Boolean network signals in the transmitter, and then decrypted and recovered with synchronized chaos and Boolean network signals in the recipient. Because of the complexities of high dimensional chaos and Boolean network, the proposed cryptosystem has good security in the secure communication and image process.

We theoretically provide a scheme for realizing a photonic negative differential transistor (NDT) by using a two-port asymmetric system with cavity exciton polaritons. In such a hybrid optomechanical system, the transmission of the probe light can be completely regulated by the pump field. Interestingly, the resonance transmission curve of probe light has a negative (positive) slope to the pump intensity, which depends on the coupling among excitons, photons and phonons. Therefore, the probe transmission exhibits the characteristic of negative (positive) differential transistors. The transmission spectrum of probe fields is modified by Stokes and anti-Stokes scattering effects, resulting in the output probe light be either attenuated or amplified. Moreover, we find that the transmission of pump fields has a bistability characteristic with appropriate parameters due to nonlinear effects. Our results open up exciting new possibilities for designing a photonic NDT, which may be applied to implement polariton integrated circuits.

In this paper, the concept of k-upper semi-continuous set-valued mappings is introduced. Using this concept, we give characterizations of k-semistratifiable and k-MCM spaces, which answers a question posed by Xie and Yan.

OBJECT: Preoperative knowledge of meningioma grade is essential for planning treatment and surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of MRI texture and shape analysis in grading meningiomas. METHODS: A surgical database was reviewed to identify meningioma patients who had undergone tumor resection between January 2015 and December 2016. Preoperative MR images were retrieved and analyzed. Texture and shape analysis was conducted to quantitatively evaluate tumor heterogeneity and morphology. Three machine learning classifiers were trained with these features to build classification models. The performance of the features and classification models was assessed. RESULTS: A total of 131 patients were included in this study: 21 with high-grade meningiomas and 110 with low-grade meningiomas. Three texture features were selected: Horzl_RLNonUni, S(2,2)SumOfSqs, and WavEnHL_s-3; three shape features were selected: GeoFv, GeoW4, and GeoW5b. The Mann–Whitney test indicated that all six features were significantly different between high-grade and low-grade meningiomas. AUC values were generally greater than 0.50 (range, 0.73 to 0.88). Sensitivities and specificities ranged from 47.62% to 90.48% and 69.09% to 96.36%, respectively. Among the nine classification models obtained, the one built by training the SVM classifier with all six features achieved the best performance, with a sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, and AUC of 0.86, 0.87, 0.87, and 0.87, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Texture and shape analysis, especially when combined with a SVM classifier, can provide satisfactory performance in the preoperative determination of meningioma grade and is thus potentially useful for clinical application.

Paeonia is the single genus of ca. 33 known species in the family Paeoniaceae, found in Asia, Europe and Western North America. Up to now, more than 180 compounds have been isolated from nine species of the genus Paeonia, including terpenes, phenols, flavonoids, essential oil and tannins. Terpenes, the most abundant naturally occurring compounds, which accounted for about 57% and occurred in almost every species, are responsible for the observed in vivo and in vitro biological activities. This paper aims to give a comprehensive overview of the recent phytochemical and pharmacological knowledge of the terpenes from Paeonia plants, and enlighten further drug discovery research.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [ZnCl2(C14H14N4)]n, contains a ZnII ion situated on a twofold rotation axis and one-half of a 1-{4-[(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]benzyl}-1H-imidazole (L) ligand with the benzene ring situated on an inversion center. The ZnII ion is coordinated by two chloride anions and two N atoms from two L ligands in a distorted tetrahedral geometry. The L ligands bridge ZnCl2 fragments into polymeric chains parallel to [20-1].

In the title hetero-dinuclear complex, [CuSm(C22H24N2O4)Cl3(CH3OH)2], the CuII cation is N,N′,O,O′-chelated by a 6,6′-dimethoxy-2,2′-[cyclohexane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilomethanylylidene)]diphenolate ligand, and one Cl− anion further coordinates to the CuII cation to complete the distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry, while the SmIII cation is chelated by four O atoms from the same ligand, and is further coordinated by two methanol molecules and two Cl− anions in an bicapped trigonal–prismatic geometry. Intra- and intermolecular O—H...Cl hydrogen bonds are present in the structure.

In the title compound, [ZnCl2(C20H18N4)]n, the ZnII ion lies on a twofold rotation axis and is four-coordinated in a tetrahedral geometry defined by two Cl anions and two N atoms from two 4,4′-bis[(imidazol-1-yl)methyl]biphenyl ligands. The mid-point of the ligand is located on an inversion center, and shows a trans conformation. The ligands link the ZnII ions, forming a chain structure along [10-1].

The title complex, [Er(C32H16N8)(C5H7O2)(C12H8N2)], possesses a mirror plane and the asymmetric unit is half of the molecule. The ErIII cation, lying on the mirror plane, is eight-coordinated by two O atoms from acetylacetone, two N (Nphen) atoms from 1,10-phenanthroline and four isoindole N (Niso) atoms from the phthalocyanine ligand in an antiprismatic geometry. The Er—N distances are in the range 2.376 (5)–2.529 (4) Å and the Er—O distance is 2.272 (3) Å. Notably, the Er—Niso bonds are shorter than the Er—Nphen bonds, but longer than the Er—O bonds.

In the anion of the title salt, C6H16N+·C18H13O8−, one of the carboxyl groups is deprotonated. Its O atoms are involved in intermolecular hydrogen bonding with the carboxyl group of an adjacent anion and the amino group of an adjacent cation. The two benzoyloxy rings are oriented with respect to each other at a dihedral angle of 79.46 (6)°.

In the title complex, [Co(C22H18N2O4)(CN)(H2O)]·0.5CH3CN, the CoIII cation is N,N′,O,O′-chelated by a 6,6′-dimethoxy-2,2′-[1,2-phenylenebis(nitrilomethanylylidene)]diphenolate dianion, and is further coordinated by a cyanide anion and a water molecule in the axial sites, completing a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. In the crystal, pairs of bifurcated O—H...(O,O) hydrogen bonds link adjacent molecules, forming centrosymmetric dimers. The acetonitrile solvent molecule shows 0.5 occupancy.

In the title compound, [KYb(C2O4)2(H2O)4]n, the YbIII ion lies on a site of overline{4} symmetry in a dodecahedral environment defined by eight O atoms from four oxalate ligands. The K atom lies on a different overline{4} axis and is coordinated by four O atoms from four oxalate ligands and four water O atoms. The oxalate ligand has an inversion center at the mid-point of the C—C bond. The metal ions are linked by the oxalate ligands into a three-dimensional framework. O—H...O hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure.

In the title compound, [KLu(C2O4)2(H2O)4]n, the LuIII ion lies on a site of overline{4} symmetry in a dodecahedron defined by eight O atoms from four oxalate ligands. The K atom lies on another site of the same symmetry and is coordinated by four oxalate O atoms and four O water atoms. The mid-point of the C—C bond of the oxalate group lies on an inversion center. In the packing structure, each oxalate ligand links two Lu(III) and two K atoms, forming a three-dimensional open framework with channels running along [001]. Intermolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonds occur.

In the heterodinuclear title complex, [GdZn(C22H18N2O4)(CH3COO)3], the ZnII ion is five-coordinated in a square-pyramidal environment defined by two O atoms and two N atoms from the ligand, forming the square plane, and one acetate O atom serving as the apex, while the GdIII ion is nine-coordinated in an approximate mono-capped tetragonal–antiprismatic environment defined by four O atoms from the ligand and five acetate O atoms.

In the title complex, [Co(C22H18N2O4)(CN)(H2O)]·CH3CN, the CoIII ion is six-coordinated in a distorted octahedral environment defined by two N atoms and two O atoms from a salen ligand in the equatorial plane and one O atom from a water molecule and one C atom from a cyanide group at the axial positions. O—H...O hydrogen bonds connect adjacent complex molecules into dimers. C—H...N hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions between the benzene rings [centroid–centroid distances = 3.700 (2) and 3.845 (2) Å] are also present.

In the title mononuclear salen-type complex, [Eu(NO3)3(C22H26N2O4)]·CH3OH, the EuIII ion is ten-coordinated by three bidentate nitrate counter-ions and one organic salen-type ligand, which acts in a bis-bidentate chelating mode through its phenolate and methoxy O atoms. The protonated imine groups are involved in intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds to the phenolate O atomss, emphasizing the zwitterionic nature of the ligand. An O—H...O hydrogen bond links the complex and solvent molecules.

In the title dinuclear CuII–LuIII salen-type complex, [CuLu(C22H24N2O4)(NO3)3], with the ligand 6,6′-dimethoxy-2,2′-[cyclohexane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenolate, the irregular nine-coordinate LuIII coordination sphere comprises four O atoms from the ligand and five O atoms from three nitrate groups, two bidentate and one monodentate [Lu—O = 2.230 (3)–2.621 (4) Å]. The slightly distorted square-planar four-coordinate CuII atom comprises two imine N atoms [Cu—N = 1.903 (4) and 1.912 (4) Å] and two phenolate O atoms from the ligand molecule [Cu—O = 1.897 (3) and 1.906 (3) Å]. All atoms of the cyclohexane ring of the ligand molecule are disordered over two sets of sites with equal occupancy.

In the title dinuclear salen-type complex, [CuEu(C22H24N2O4)(NO3)3(CH3OH)], the CuII ion is five-coordinated to two imine N atoms and two phenolate O atoms and one O from the bridging nitrate group. The EuIII ion is ligated to three nitrate groups, four O atoms from the salen-type ligand and one methanol molecule, leading to a distorted tenfold coordination for the rare earth cation. One of the three nitrate anions is disordered over two positions in a 0.66 (5):0.34 (5) ratio.

The molecule of the title compound, C22H26N2O4, has two azomethine linkages, both of which are in an E configuration. The cyclohexyl ring adopts a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 66.57 (9)°. The molecular structure is stabilized by two intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bonds.

In the title mononuclear complex, [La(NO3)3(C22H26N2O4)]·CH3OH, the LaIII ion is coordinated by three bidentate nitrate counter-ions and one zwitterionic 6,6′-dimethoxy-2,2′-[(cyclohexane-1,2- diyl)bis(nitriliomethylidyne)]diphenolate ligand through two phenolate and two methoxy O atoms, while the protonated N atoms remain uncoordinated. H atoms located on the two N atoms are involved in intramolecular hydrogen bonds with the deprotonated phenol O atoms, indicating that proton migration occurs during the lanthanum complexation.

In the mononuclear salen-type complex, [Er(NO3)3(C18H20N2O4)], the ErIII ion is ten-coordinated in a distorted hexadecahedral geometry by six O atoms of three nitrate anions and four O atoms of the salen-like ligand. Intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds occur. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds.

In the title mononuclear Schiff base complex, [Dy(NO3)3(C18H20N2O4)], the DyIII ion is ten-coordinated in a distorted hexadecahedral geometry by six O atoms of three nitrate anions and four O atoms of the Schiff base ligand. An intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond occurs. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds.

In the title compound, C18H16N2O2, the phenylene ring is located on inversion center. The pyridyl ring makes a dihedral angle of 39.9 (1)° with the phenylene ring. In the crystal, adjacent molecules are linked by intermolecular C—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming a linear chain along the a axis.

In the title heteronuclear complex, [CuTb(C19H20N2O4)(NO3)3(CH3COCH3)], the CuII ion is five-coordinated by two O and two N atoms from the 6,6′-dimethoxy-2,2′-[propane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenolate ligand (L) and an O atom from the acetone molecule in a square-pyramidal geometry. The TbIII ion is ten-coordinated by six O atoms from three chelating nitrate ligands and four O atoms from the L ligand. In L, the CH2–CH–CH3 fragment is disordered over two conformations, with refined occupancies of 0.725 (11) and 0.275 (11).

In the title complex, [Co(C22H24N2O4)]·H2O, the CoII atom is in an almost square-planar coordination environment involving two O and two N atoms from the Schiff base ligand. A water molecule cocrystallizes with the coordination compound and may be held in the crystal by O—H...O hydrogen bonds. Heteroatomic π–π ring interactions may be present between symmetry-related complexes, with centroid–centroid distances of 3.5661 (8) Å.

In the title complex, [Fe(C22H24N2O4)]·H2O, the FeII center is four-coordinated by two O and two N atoms from 2,2′-[6,6′-dimethoxycyclohexane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenolate (L) ligands in a distorted square-planar geometry. Uncoordinated water and FeL molecules are paired via intermolecular water–methoxy O—H...O hydrogen bonds.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Fe4(C9H8O2)4(CH3OH)2], contains one half-molecule located on a twofold rotational axis. In the molecule, the two FeII ions bridged by two coordinating methanol molecules are separated by 3.1286 (7) Å. Two crystallographically independent methanol molecules are situated on a twofold rotational axis; all attached H atoms are rotationally disordered between two equal orientations.

In the title complex, [CuEu(C19H20N2O4)(NO3)3], the CuII ion is four-coordinated in a square-planar geometry by two O atoms and two N atoms of the deprotonated Schiff base. The EuIII atom is ten-coordinate, chelated by three nitrate groups and linked to the four O atoms of the deprotonated Schiff base.

Abstract We revisit the masses of heavy quarkonium double-gluon hybrid mesons with exotic quantum numbers J PC = 1−+ and 2+− in the framework of the QCD sum rules. Considering the double-gluon hybrid meson operators in the octet-octet color structure, we have constructed two independent interpolating currents with J PC = 1−+ and five independent currents with J PC = 2+−. For the interpolating currents with antisymmetric glueball operator, there exist non-local divergences in one kind of additional Feynman diagrams of the tri-gluon condensate, which will give important contributions to the sum rule stabilities and mass predictions. We use the diagrammatic renormalization to cancel out such divergences. At the leading order of α s , the two-point correlation functions and spectral densities can be expressed in the analytic form of the generalized hypergeometric functions and Meijer’s G-functions. After performing the numerical analysis, we predict the masses of the 1−+ and 2+− charmonium double-gluon hybrid mesons to be around 6.1 − 7.2 GeV and 6.3 − 6.4 GeV, respectively. For the bottomonium systems, their masses are predicted to be 13.7 − 14.3 GeV and 12.6 − 13.3 GeV for the 1−+ and 2+− channels, respectively. Besides, it is possible to hunt for these charmonium hybrids in the radiative decays of bottomonium mesons in BelleII experiment. Further investigations on these hybrid states in various theoretical and phenomenological methods are also anticipated in the future.

BackgroundIn some patients, persistent gastrointestinal symptoms like abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea occur as part of long COVID-19 syndrome following acute respiratory symptoms caused by SARS-CoV-2. However, the characteristics of immune cells in the gastrointestinal tract of COVID-19 patients and their association with these symptoms remain unclear.MethodologyData were collected from 95 COVID-19 patients. Among this cohort, 11 patients who exhibited gastrointestinal symptoms and underwent gastroscopy were selected. Using imaging mass cytometry, the gastrointestinal tissues of these patients were thoroughly analyzed to identify immune cell subgroups and investigate their spatial distribution.ResultsSignificant acute inflammatory responses were found in the gastrointestinal tissues, particularly in the duodenum, of COVID-19 patients. These alterations included an increase in the levels of CD68+ macrophages and CD3+CD4+ T-cells, which was more pronounced in tissues with nucleocapsid protein (NP). The amount of CD68+ macrophages positively correlates with the number of CD3+CD4+ T-cells (R = 0.783, p < 0.001), additionally, spatial neighborhood analysis uncovered decreased interactions between CD68+ macrophages and multiple immune cells were noted in NP-positive tissues. Furthermore, weighted gene coexpression network analysis was employed to extract gene signatures related to clinical features and immune responses from the RNA-seq data derived from gastrointestinal tissues from COVID-19 patients, and we validated that the MEgreen module shown positive correlation with clinical parameter (i.e., Total bilirubin, ALT, AST) and macrophages (R = 0.84, p = 0.001), but negatively correlated with CD4+ T cells (R = −0.62, p = 0.004). By contrast, the MEblue module was inversely associated with macrophages and positively related with CD4+ T cells. Gene function enrichment analyses revealed that the MEgreen module is closely associated with biological processes such as immune response activation, signal transduction, and chemotaxis regulation, indicating its role in the gastrointestinal inflammatory response.ConclusionThe findings of this study highlight the role of specific immune cell groups in the gastrointestinal inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients. Gene coexpression network analysis further emphasized the importance of the gene modules in gastrointestinal immune responses, providing potential molecular targets for the treatment of COVID-19-related gastrointestinal symptoms.

In this paper, a comprehensive theory for wavelength modulation laser heterodyne spectroscopy is presented. Some necessary simplifications based on the Taylor series are introduced, the general formulas employed to demodulate the first harmonic signal (1f), the second harmonic signal (2f), and higher harmonic signal (nf) are derived in details, and hence the formulas are suitable for an arbitrary intensity modulation amplitude and modulation index. The purpose of this paper: an overview of how the laser heterodyne harmonic signal depends on the experimental parameters of intensity modulation amplitude and modulation index is reported. This overview is helpful to choose these parameters for the best laser heterodyne harmonic signal because it initiated a new pathway for systematically analyzing the relationships between the experimental parameters and the laser heterodyne harmonic signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Grounded in self-determination theory and the stimulus-organism-response framework, this study examines factors that affect college students’ leisure-time physical activity by considering the basic psychological needs satisfaction (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness), self-determined motivation, emotional and cognitive involvement. Methods: The sample included 526 students (47.8 % male; 57.2 % female) from four universities in central China. A structural equation model was used to analyze associations among variables. Results: The satisfaction of all three basic psychological needs had a significant positive impact on emotional involvement. Additionally, autonomy and competence need satisfaction had a significant positive impact on self-determined motivation and cognitive involvement. However, contrary to our expectation, there was no significant effect of relatedness need satisfaction on self-determined motivation and cognitive involvement. Furthermore, emotional involvement was found to have a significant effect on leisure-time physical activity intention for male students. Interestingly, the relationship between cognitive involvement and leisure-time physical activity intention is significant, but this effect was observed only among female students. Conclusion: Pedagogical strategies and tactics better satisfied students’ psychological needs, promote physical education classes emotional and cognitive involvement, therefore, achieve autonomous active lifestyle behaviors in leisure time.

In propulsion systems based on oblique detonation waves (ODWs), the airflow compressed by the inlet still has a very high velocity and the complete mixing of fuel and airflow is unattainable, which thus has a huge effect on wave systems of oblique detonations. In this paper, the ODWs in non-uniform inflows were considered as the object. By means of the evolutions of wave angles and displacement distances of wave front, the disturbance characteristics of ODWs were studied using the Euler equations coupled with the hydrogen-air detailed reaction model. The equivalence ratio was chosen as the representation variable of nonuniformity, and a disturbance region with a varying height was introduced into the incoming flow. The symbol φA was defined as the disturbance amplitude and the equivalence ratio distribution in the disturbance region was modeled using the sinusoidal function. It is found that with the decrease of φA, the wave angle decreases and the wave front moves downstream, the opposite trend is observed when the equivalence ratio increases. When φA is negative and small enough, a novel phenomenon characterized by the abrupt change of wave angle can be observed. Further analyses show that this phenomenon is due to ODW re-initiation under the influence of non-uniform equivalent ratio. When φA is posi-tive and large enough, the ODW angle of the disturbance region is in a non-equilibrium state. A larger equivalence ratio gradient results in a higher value than the theoretical wave front angle, while a smaller equivalent ratio gradient has a lower value than the theoretical one. Quantitative analyses of wave front positions show that the displacement distance of the wave front with φA is nonlinear when φA is positive, and linear when φA is negative. Meanwhile, the displacement distance is linear with the height of the disturbance region.