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In additive manufacturing such as powder bed fusion the acoustic monitoring taking care of timely process termination in case of failure is commonly achieved by ear and therefore highly susceptible to human bias. Solutions based on machine learning algorithms need large datasets for training purposes which are not readily available. Additionally, capturing high-quality audio samples and providing respective material parts are expensive both in terms of time and cost. To overcome this problem, this work proposes a method by which the required synthetic datasets are obtained by way of procedural generation. Here, synthetic data implies the substitution of measured audio data by equivalent virtual and artificial samples from 3D acoustic simulations. In order to cover process variations as well as consider the variability of multiple input parameters, a design-of-experiments based on the theory of generalized polynomial chaos is conducted. Additionally, the polynomialchaos method is extended through use of a decision tree so that the prevalence of specific critical events may be accounted for.

The highly glycosylated spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is essential for infection and constitutes a prime target for antiviral agents and vaccines. The pineapple-derived jacalin-related lectin AcmJRL is present in the medication bromelain in significant quantities and has previously been described to bind mannosides. Here, we performed a large ligand screening of AcmJRL by glycan array analysis, quantified the interaction with carbohydrates and validated high-mannose glycans as preferred ligands. Because the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was previously reported to carry a high proportion of high-mannose N-glycans, we tested the binding of AcmJRL to the recombinantly produced extraviral domain of spike protein. We could demonstrate that AcmJRL binds the spike protein with a low-micromolar K

The amidosulphates Mg(NH

Two polymorphs of the borosulfate Cu[B

Reaction of Cu2[(OH)2CO3], H3BO3 and oleum yields either inosilicate-analogous α-Cu[B2(SO4)4] or the new phyllosilicate-analogous β-Cu[B2(SO4)4], both subject to Jahn–Teller distortion; two polymorphs of Cu(HSO4)2 and Cu[S2O7] are also reported.

Alkaline-earth amidosulphates and their hydrates provide not only a fascinatingly rich crystal chemistry but also an unprecedented and straightforward synthetic approach to sulphur nitride, i.e. S4N4.

Journal of materials science : JMS 57(15), 7481-7490 (2022). doi:10.1007/s10853-022-07143-6, Published by Springer Science + Business Media B.V, Dordrecht [u.a.]

LATP sheets with LiF and SiO2 addition prepared by tape casting as electrolytes for solid-state batteries were characterized regarding conductivity, microstructure and mechanical properties aiming towards an optimized composition. The use of additives permitted a lowering of the sintering temperature. As general trend, higher LiF to SiO2 ratios led to lower porosities. This decrease in the porosity corresponds to an increase of the ionic conductivity as well as higher values of elastic modulus and hardness determined by indentation testing. Micro-pillar testing was used to assess the crack growth behavior, revealing weak grain boundaries.

Ammonium bis(biureto)borate, NH4[B(biu)2] (biu = NH–(C═O)–NH–(C═O)–NH), was synthesized as a phase pure powder from urea and triethylborate in a sophisticated solvothermal process. Its crystal stru...

Global climate change will make it necessary to transform transportation and mobility away from what we know now towards a sustainable, flexible, and dynamic sector. A severe reduction of fossil-based CO2 emissions in all energy-consuming sectors will be necessary to keep global warming below 2 °C above preindustrial levels. Thus, long-distance transportation will have to increase the share of renewable fuel consumed until alternative powertrains are ready to step in. Additionally, it is predicted that the share of renewables in the power generation sector grows worldwide. Thus, the need to store the excess electricity produced by fluctuating renewable sources is going to grow alike. The “Winddiesel” technology enables the integrative use of excess electricity combined with biomass-based fuel production. Surplus electricity can be converted to H2 via electrolysis in a first step. The fluctuating H2 source is combined with biomass-derived CO-rich syngas from gasification of lignocellulosic feedstock. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis converts the syngas to renewable hydrocarbons. This research article summarizes the experiments performed and presents new insights regarding the effects of load changes on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Long-term campaigns were carried out, and performance-indicating parameters such as per-pass CO conversion, product distribution, and productivity were evaluated. The experiments showed that integrating renewable H2 into a biomass-to-liquid Fischer-Tropsch concept could increase the productivity while product distribution remains almost the same. Furthermore, the economic assessment performed indicates good preconditions towards commercialization of the proposed system.

The NASICON type solid electrolyte LATP is a promising candidate for all-solid-state Li-ion batteries considering energy density and safety aspects. To ensure the performance and reliability of batteries, crack initiation and propagation within the electrolyte need to be suppressed, which requires knowledge of the fracture characteristics. In the current work, micro-pillar splitting was applied to determine the fracture toughness of LATP material for different grain orientations. The results are compared with data obtained using a conventional Vickers indentation fracture (VIF) approach. The fracture toughness obtained via micro-pillar splitting test is 0.89 ± 0.13 MPa∙m1/2, which is comparable to the VIF result, and grain orientation has no significant effect on the intrinsic fracture toughness. Being a brittle ceramic material, the effect of pre-existing defects on the toughness needs to be considered.

Tapia-Ruiz, Nuria et al., Increasing concerns regarding the sustainability of lithium sources, due to their limited availability and consequent expected price increase, have raised awareness of the importance of developing alternative energy-storage candidates that can sustain the ever-growing energy demand. Furthermore, limitations on the availability of the transition metals used in the manufacturing of cathode materials, together with questionable mining practices, are driving development towards more sustainable elements. Given the uniformly high abundance and cost-effectiveness of sodium, as well as its very suitable redox potential (close to that of lithium), sodium-ion battery technology offers tremendous potential to be a counterpart to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in different application scenarios, such as stationary energy storage and low-cost vehicles. This potential is reflected by the major investments that are being made by industry in a wide variety of markets and in diverse material combinations. Despite the associated advantages of being a drop-in replacement for LIBs, there are remarkable differences in the physicochemical properties between sodium and lithium that give rise to different behaviours, for example, different coordination preferences in compounds, desolvation energies, or solubility of the solid–electrolyte interphase inorganic salt components. This demands a more detailed study of the underlying physical and chemical processes occurring in sodium-ion batteries and allows great scope for groundbreaking advances in the field, from lab-scale to scale-up. This roadmap provides an extensive review by experts in academia and industry of the current state of the art in 2021 and the different research directions and strategies currently underway to improve the performance of sodium-ion batteries. The aim is to provide an opinion with respect to the current challenges and opportunities, from the fundamental properties to the practical applications of this technology., The authors gratefully acknowledge RS2E and Alistore-ERI for funding their research into Na-ion batteries. The funding received from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 646433 (NAIADES), the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Energy Agency (#37671-1), and the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS), are all gratefully acknowledged. The many fruitful discussions within ALISTORE-ERI, and especially with M Rosa Palacín, have been most valuable. P J is also grateful for the continuous support from several of the Chalmers Areas of Advance: Materials Science and Energy. Funding from the European Union’s innovation program H2020 is acknowledged: H2020-MSCA-COFUND-2016 (DOC-FAM, Grant Agreement No. 754397). A Ponrouch is grateful to the Spanish Ministry for Economy, Industry and Competitiveness Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (SEV-2015-0496).

Recent advances in cell biology enable precise molecular perturbations. The spatiotemporal organization of cells and organisms, however, also depends on physical processes such as diffusion or cytoplasmic flows, and strategies to perturb physical transport inside cells are not yet available. Here, we demonstrate focused-light-induced cytoplasmic streaming (FLUCS). FLUCS is local, directional, dynamic, probe-free, physiological, and is even applicable through rigid egg shells or cell walls. We explain FLUCS via time-dependent modelling of thermoviscous flows. Using FLUCS, we demonstrate that cytoplasmic flows drive partitioning-defective protein (PAR) polarization in Caenorhabditis elegans zygotes, and that cortical flows are sufficient to transport PAR domains and invert PAR polarity. In addition, we find that asymmetric cell division is a binary decision based on gradually varying PAR polarization states. Furthermore, the use of FLUCS for active microrheology revealed a metabolically induced fluid-to-solid transition of the yeast cytoplasm. Our findings establish how a wide range of transport-dependent models of cellular organization become testable by FLUCS.

Several alkali and alkaline earth (iso)cyanurates were synthesized by simple aqueous acid-base reactions and aqueous salt metathesis reactions, respectively, yielding nine new structure types. Single-crystals could be grown and the crystal structures of Rb[H2C3N3O3]·H2O-I, Rb[H2C3N3O3]·H2O-II, Cs[H2C3N3O3]·0.5H2O, Sr[H2C3N3O3]2·4H2O, Ba3[H2C3N3O3]2[HC3N3O3]2·4H2O, Ca[HC3N3O3]·3.5H2O, Sr[HC3N3O3]·3H2O, Sr[HC3N3O3]·2H2O, and Sr2[C3N3O3]OH were elucidated by single-crystal XRD. Rb3[H2C3N3O3]3[H3C3N3O3]·4H2O, Cs[H2C3N3O3]·0.5H2O, and Sr[HC3N3O3]·2H2O were synthesized as phase pure, crystalline powders and were further characterized by powder XRD, FT-IR spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry. Sr[HC3N3O3]·2H2O was shown to be an air- and water-resistant, cheap and easily obtained precursor for the phase-pure synthesis of Sr3[C3N3O3]2, a promising SHG material, and Sr[NCN]. Moreover, an interesting dependence of the polymeric anion structure from its protonation degree was observed.

The rare earth borosulfates RE2[B2(SO4)6] with RE = Y, La-Nd, Sm, Eu and Tb-Lu were synthesised under solvothermal conditions starting from the metal chlorides (Pr, Nd, Eu), the metal oxides (Y, La, Ce, Sm, Tb, Dy, Er, Tm, Lu), or the metal powders (Ho, Yb). They crystallize isotypically with Gd2[B2(SO4)6] in space group C2/c (Z = 4, a = 1346.9(3)-1379.24(17) pm, b = 1136.4(3)-1158.87(14) pm, c = 1079.9(3)-1139.54(14) pm, β = 93.369(8)-93.611(4)°). The anionic structure consists of an open-branched vierer single ring {oB, 1r}[B2S2O12(SO3)4]6-, similar to the mineral eakerite (Ca2Al2Sn[Si6O18](OH)2·2H2O) which contains {oB, 1r}[Si4O12(SiO3)2]12- moieties. The fluorescence spectroscopy of the samples with RE = Ce, Eu and Tb features emissions in the deep UV, the red, and the green part of the spectrum and furthermore revealed a weak coordination behaviour of the borosulfate anion. Thermal analysis of Eu2[B2(SO4)6] showed the highest thermal stability observed for borosulfates so far; respective trends within the borosulfate family are discussed. Additionally, the compounds were characterised by magnetic measurements, vibrational and 151Eu Mößbauer spectroscopy.

The rare earth borosulfates RE2[B2(SO4)6] with RE = Y, La–Nd, Sm, Eu and Tb–Lu were synthesised under solvothermal conditions starting from the metal chlorides (Pr, Nd, Eu), the metal oxides (Y, La, Ce, Sm, Tb, Dy, Er, Tm, Lu), or the metal powders (Ho, Yb). They crystallize isotypically with Gd2[B2(SO4)6] in space group C2/c (Z = 4, a = 1346.9(3)–1379.24(17) pm, b = 1136.4(3)–1158.87(14) pm, c = 1079.9(3)–1139.54(14) pm, β = 93.369(8)–93.611(4)°). The anionic structure consists of an open-branched vierer single ring {oB, 1r}[B2S2O12(SO3)4]6−, similar to the mineral eakerite (Ca2Al2Sn[Si6O18](OH)2·2H2O) which contains {oB, 1r}[Si4O12(SiO3)2]12− moieties. The fluorescence spectroscopy of the samples with RE = Ce, Eu and Tb features emissions in the deep UV, the red, and the green part of the spectrum and furthermore revealed a weak coordination behaviour of the borosulfate anion. Thermal analysis of Eu2[B2(SO4)6] showed the highest thermal stability observed for borosulfates so far; respective trends within the borosulfate family are discussed. Additionally, the compounds were characterised by magnetic measurements, vibrational and 151Eu Mosbauer spectroscopy.