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2. Explainable Security Requirements Classification Through Transformer Models.

Author

Petrillo, Luca, Martinelli, Fabio, Santone, Antonella, and Mercaldo, Francesco

Subjects
TRANSFORMER models, SECURITY classification (Government documents), COMPUTER software development, COMPUTER software security, COMPUTER software
Abstract

Security and non-security requirements are two critical issues in software development. Classifying requirements is crucial as it aids in recalling security needs during the early stages of development, ultimately leading to enhanced security in the final software solution. However, it remains a challenging task to classify requirements into security and non-security categories automatically. In this work, we propose a novel method for automatically classifying software requirements using transformer models to address these challenges. In this work, we fine-tuned four pre-trained transformers using four datasets (the original one and the three augmented versions). In addition, we employ few-shot learning techniques by leveraging transfer learning models, explicitly utilizing pre-trained architectures. The study demonstrates that these models can effectively classify security requirements with reasonable accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, demonstrating that the fine-tuning and SetFit can help smaller models generalize, making them suitable for enhancing security processes in the Software Development Cycle. Finally, we introduced the explainability of fine-tuned models to elucidate how each model extracts and interprets critical information from input sequences through attention visualization heatmaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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4. Toward the Adoption of Explainable Pre-Trained Large Language Models for Classifying Human-Written and AI-Generated Sentences.

Author

Petrillo, Luca, Martinelli, Fabio, Santone, Antonella, and Mercaldo, Francesco

Subjects
LANGUAGE models, GENERATIVE pre-trained transformers, SOCIAL engineering (Fraud), SENTENCES (Grammar), CHATGPT
Abstract

Pre-trained large language models have demonstrated impressive text generation capabilities, including understanding, writing, and performing many tasks in natural language. Moreover, with time and improvements in training and text generation techniques, these models are proving efficient at generating increasingly human-like content. However, they can also be modified to generate persuasive, contextual content weaponized for malicious purposes, including disinformation and novel social engineering attacks. In this paper, we present a study on identifying human- and AI-generated content using different models. Precisely, we fine-tune different models belonging to the BERT family, an open-source version of the GPT model, ELECTRA, and XLNet, and then perform a text classification task using two different labeled datasets—the first one consisting of 25,000 sentences generated by both AI and humans and the second comprising 22,929 abstracts that are ChatGPT-generated and written by humans. Furthermore, we perform an additional phase where we submit 20 sentences generated by ChatGPT and 20 sentences randomly extracted from Wikipedia to our fine-tuned models to verify the efficiency and robustness of the latter. In order to understand the prediction of the models, we performed an explainability phase using two sentences: one generated by the AI and one written by a human. We leveraged the integrated gradients and token importance techniques, analyzing the words and subwords of the two sentences. As a result of the first experiment, we achieved an average accuracy of 99%, precision of 98%, recall of 99%, and F1-score of 99%. For the second experiment, we reached an average accuracy of 51%, precision of 50%, recall of 52%, and F1-score of 51%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Stochastic geometry modeling of EMF exposure due to cellular networks in urban environments

Author

Gontier, Quentin, Determe, Jean-François, Petrillo, Luca, Nguyen, Trung-Hien, Horlin, François, Wiart, Joe JW, Oestges, Claude, and De Doncker, Philippe

Subjects
Cellular Networks, EMF Exposure, Stochastic Geometry, Sciences de l'ingénieur
Abstract

Stochastic geometry is used to model global exposureto Electro-Magnetic Fields (EMF) in urban environments. Themethod is applied to two distinct urban environments: the historiccity center of Brussels, Belgium, and the 14th district of Paris,France. It is shown that the proposed model fits experimentalvalues, paving the way to a new methodology to assess generalpublic exposure to EMF., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2020

8. Design of an Integrated Platform for Mapping Residential Exposure to Rf-Emf Sources

Author

Regrain, Corentin, Caudeville, Julien, de Seze, René, Guedda, Mohammed, Chobineh, Amirreza, de Doncker, Philippe, Petrillo, Luca, Chiaramello, Emma, Parazzini, Marta, Joseph, Wout, Aerts, Sam, Huss, Anke, Wiart, Joe, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Périnatalité et Risques Toxiques - UMR INERIS_I 1 (PERITOX), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie-Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Télécom Paris, Chaire Modélisation, Caractérisation et Maîtrise des expositions aux ondes électromagnétiques (C2M), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom ParisTech, Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, and dIRAS RA-2

Subjects
SURROGATE, spatiotemporal exposure, Monte Carlo approach, Radio Waves, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, assessment, lcsh:Medicine, spatiotemporal exposure assessment, YOUNG-PEOPLE, CHILDREN, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, POPULATION, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, education.field_of_study, Communication, BUILDINGS, Specific absorption rate, Grid, 3. Good health, ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELD EXPOSURE, Whole body, animal structures, Technology and Engineering, Real-time computing, Population, BASE STATION EXPOSURE, Sciences de l'ingénieur, Article, Electromagnetic Fields, Humans, EXPOSURE, education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Exposure assessment, data fusion, business.industry, lcsh:R, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Environmental Exposure, Sensor fusion, MODEL, radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, Environmental science, Radiation protection, business, Cell Phone, ENVIRONMENTS
Abstract

Nowadays, information and communication technologies (mobile phones, connectedobjects) strongly occupy our daily life. The increasing use of these technologies and the complexity ofnetwork infrastructures raise issues about radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (Rf-Emf) exposure.Most previous studies have assessed individual exposure to Rf-Emf, and the next level is to assesspopulational exposure. In our study, we designed a statistical tool for Rf-Emf populational exposureassessment and mapping. This tool integrates geographic databases and surrogate models tocharacterize spatiotemporal exposure from outdoor sources, indoor sources, and mobile phones.A case study was conducted on a 100 x 100 m grid covering the 14th district of Paris to illustratethe functionalities of the tool. Whole-body specific absorption rate (SAR) values are 2.7 times higherthan those for the whole brain. The mapping of whole-body and whole-brain SAR values showsa dichotomy between built-up and non-built-up areas, with the former displaying higher values.Maximum SAR values do not exceed 3.5 and 3.9 mW/kg for the whole body and the whole brain,respectively, thus they are significantly below International Commission on Non-Ionizing RadiationProtection (ICNIRP) recommendations. Indoor sources are the main contributor to populationalexposure, followed by outdoor sources and mobile phones, which generally represents less than 1%of total exposure., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2020
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9. Estimation of network densification impact on EMF exposure using stochastic geometry

Author

Gontier, Quentin, Petrillo, Luca, Nguyen, Trung-Hien, Oestges, Claude, Wiart, Joe JW, and De Doncker, Philippe

Subjects
cellular networks, stochastic geometry, EMF exposure, Sciences de l'ingénieur
Abstract

EMF exposure in Brussels, Belgium, is studied in the framework of stochastic geometry. Poisson point processes withrealistic intensity are randomly generated to model base stations. Electric field level at random location is deduced froma simple path loss law. Statistical results are compared to experimental data’s in order to optimize the model. Theimpact of network densification is analyzed and probabilities of exceeding exposure thresholds are derived., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2020

10. A stochastic geometry approach to EMF exposure modeling

Author

Gontier, Quentin, Petrillo, Luca, Rottenberg, François, Horlin, François, Wiart, Joe JW, Oestges, Claude, De Doncker, Philippe, Gontier, Quentin, Petrillo, Luca, Rottenberg, François, Horlin, François, Wiart, Joe JW, Oestges, Claude, and De Doncker, Philippe

Abstract

Downlink exposure to electromagnetic fields due to cellular base stations in urban environments is studied using the stochastic geometry framework. A two-dimensional Poisson Point Process is assumed for the base station distribution. Mathematical expressions of statistics of exposure are derived from a simple propagation model taking into account the height of the base stations. The error on exposure made by taking a limited number of base stations, instead of the whole set, is quantified. The relative impact of the model parameters on the statistics of exposure is highlighted. The method is then applied and the model parameters are calibrated using experimental data obtained by drive-tests in two Brussels municipalities, in Belgium, for the 2100 MHz and 2600 MHz frequency bands. It is shown that the proposed model fits experimental values, paving the way to a new methodology to assess general public exposure to electromagnetic fields, for any frequency band. An insight is given on how to apply the methodology to a real case without access to experimental data., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2021

11. Semi-empirical Model of Global Exposure using Stochastic Geometry

Author

UCL - SST/ICTM/ELEN - Pôle en ingénierie électrique, Gontier, Quentin, Petrillo, Luca, Rottenberg, Francois, Horlin, Francois, Wiart, Joe, Oestges, Claude, De Doncker, Philippe, UCL - SST/ICTM/ELEN - Pôle en ingénierie électrique, Gontier, Quentin, Petrillo, Luca, Rottenberg, Francois, Horlin, Francois, Wiart, Joe, Oestges, Claude, and De Doncker, Philippe

Abstract

Exposure to electromagnetic fields due to cellular networks in an urban environment is studied using stochastic geometry. We describe a simple but functional and realistic semi-empirical model based on the modeling of base station patterns as Poisson Point Processes and applied to two Brussels municipalities. Using this model, a study of the impact of base station densification is performed according to two theoretical scenarios. From simple assumptions, it is concluded that global exposure is expected to remain approximately constant in the case of intelligent network evolution involving the densification of macro cells and the addition of a network of low-power small cells.

Published
2021

12. Semi-empirical model of global exposure using stochastic geometry

Author

Gontier, Quentin, Petrillo, Luca, Rottenberg, François, Horlin, François, Wiart, Joe JW, Oestges, Claude, De Doncker, Philippe, Gontier, Quentin, Petrillo, Luca, Rottenberg, François, Horlin, François, Wiart, Joe JW, Oestges, Claude, and De Doncker, Philippe

Abstract

Exposure to electromagnetic fields due to cellularnetworks in an urban environment is studied using stochasticgeometry. We describe a simple but functional and realisticsemi-empirical model based on the modeling of base stationpatterns as Poisson Point Processes and applied to two Brusselsmunicipalities. Using this model, a study of the impact of basestation densification is performed according to two theoreticalscenarios. From simple assumptions, it is concluded that globalexposure is expected to remain approximately constant in thecase of intelligent network evolution involving the densificationof macro cells and the addition of a network of low-power smallcells., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2021

13. EMF exposure modelling using stochastic geometry

Author

Gontier, Quentin, Petrillo, Luca, Nguyen, Trung-Hien, Oestges, Claude, Wiart, Joe JW, and De Doncker, Philippe

Subjects
Sciences de l'ingénieur
Abstract

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2020

16. Design of an Integrated Platform for Mapping Residential Exposure to Rf-Emf Sources

Author

IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Regrain, Corentin, Caudeville, Julien, de Seze, René, Guedda, Mohammed, Chobineh, Amirreza, de Doncker, Philippe, Petrillo, Luca, Chiaramello, Emma, Parazzini, Marta, Joseph, Wout, Aerts, Sam, Huss, Anke, Wiart, Joe, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Regrain, Corentin, Caudeville, Julien, de Seze, René, Guedda, Mohammed, Chobineh, Amirreza, de Doncker, Philippe, Petrillo, Luca, Chiaramello, Emma, Parazzini, Marta, Joseph, Wout, Aerts, Sam, Huss, Anke, and Wiart, Joe

Published
2020

18. Experimental demonstration of BLE transmitter positioning based on AOA estimation

Author

S. M. Monfared, Shaghayegh, Nguyen, Trung-Hien, Petrillo, Luca, De Doncker, Philippe, Horlin, François, S. M. Monfared, Shaghayegh, Nguyen, Trung-Hien, Petrillo, Luca, De Doncker, Philippe, and Horlin, François

Abstract

The introduction of the Bluetooth Low Energy(BLE) standard significantly streamlines the developmentof the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. These applicationsoften require the sensor positioning to link themeasurements with its location. Therefore, it is essential toconduct studies on BLE transmitter positioning methods.Power fingerprinting transmitter positioning approachesare commonly used in BLE network. However, thesemethods have their own limitations in terms of practicaluse and ease of implementation. The purpose is to developa simple BLE transmitter positioning of high accuracy.In this paper, a BLE transmitter positioning method isproposed based on Angle of Arrival (AOA) estimation.Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm is usedfor angle estimation due to the high angular resolutionand sensitivity. Several experiments have been conductedin an indoor environment and the results compared withsimulation results. Experimental results show that ourproposed BLE transmitter positioning method achieves apromising positioning accuracy., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2018

22. Antenna radiation efficiency considerations in body area networks

Author

Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Valerio, G., Razafimahatratra, Solofo, Casaletti, M., Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz, Sarrazin, F., Petrillo, Luca, De Doncker, Philippe, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Valerio, G., Razafimahatratra, Solofo, Casaletti, M., Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz, Sarrazin, F., Petrillo, Luca, and De Doncker, Philippe

Abstract

In this paper, we present a theoretical investigation on the radiation efficiency of small on-body antennas in the context of Body Area Networks. In particular, we show that operation at frequencies above 20 GHz experiences less human-tissue losses than below 6 GHz, and could therefore be a suitable candidate for more efficient off-body wireless communications., SCOPUS: cp.p, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2017

23. 60 GHZ SIW horn antenna: off-body performance comparison with 4 GHZ UWB monopole antenna

Author

Razafimahatratra, Solofo, Sarrazin, Jean-Christophe, Mavridis, Theodoros, Petrillo, Luca, De Doncker, Philippe, Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz, Razafimahatratra, Solofo, Sarrazin, Jean-Christophe, Mavridis, Theodoros, Petrillo, Luca, De Doncker, Philippe, and Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz

Abstract

A 6.6 dBi-gain Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) horn antenna is used for off-body channel measurement at 60 GHz. Statistical scenario-based measurements are more suitable to assess Body Area Network (BAN) communication since they include both the environment and the antenna behaviors. Measurements are performed for four scenarios and two antenna positions. Results are discussed and compared with measurements at 4 GHz using a SkyCross monopole antenna in terms of link outage probability using receiver performance from the literature. In particular, it is shown that in all considered scenarios, results at 4 GHz and at 60 GHz led to outage of less than 15% and less than 8% respectively., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2017

25. On-body skin confined propagation for body area networks (BAN)

Author

Zhang, Qiang, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Casaletti, Massimiliano, Petrillo, Luca, De Doncker, Philippe, Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz, Zhang, Qiang, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Casaletti, Massimiliano, Petrillo, Luca, De Doncker, Philippe, and Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz

Abstract

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2017

27. Wideband off-body measurements and channel modeling at 60 GHz

Author

Petrillo, Luca, Mavridis, Theodoros, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz, De Doncker, Philippe, Petrillo, Luca, Mavridis, Theodoros, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz, and De Doncker, Philippe

Abstract

A wideband indoor channel model between an external base station and a worn receiver on the user body at 60 GHz has been developed based on indoor measurements. The results are presented for three different receiver locations: head, wrist, and belt. A Saleh-Valenzuela impulse response is proposed as numerical model for this scenario. Also path loss and delay spread results are driven out in order to discuss the node location for assessing an off-body communication., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2017

30. Antenna radiation efficiency considerations in body area networks

Author

Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Valerio, G., Razafimahatratra, Solofo, Casaletti, M., Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz, Sarrazin, F., Petrillo, Luca, De Doncker, Philippe, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Valerio, G., Razafimahatratra, Solofo, Casaletti, M., Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz, Sarrazin, F., Petrillo, Luca, and De Doncker, Philippe

Abstract

In this paper, we present a theoretical investigation on the radiation efficiency of small on-body antennas in the context of Body Area Networks. In particular, we show that operation at frequencies above 20 GHz experiences less human-tissue losses than below 6 GHz, and could therefore be a suitable candidate for more efficient off-body wireless communications., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2016

31. Performance assessment of IR-UWB body area network (BAN) based on IEEE 802.15.6 standard

Author

Liu, Huiliang, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Deshours, Frédérique, Mavridis, Theodoros, Petrillo, Luca, Liu, Zewen, De Doncker, Philippe, Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz, Liu, Huiliang, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Deshours, Frédérique, Mavridis, Theodoros, Petrillo, Luca, Liu, Zewen, De Doncker, Philippe, and Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz

Abstract

Performance of impulse radio-based ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) communications in wireless body area networks are investigated using the dedicated IEEE 802.15.6 standard. An IR-UWB transceiver system is implemented for both on-off keying and differential binary phase-shift keying modulations. Bit error rates are determined from measurements for different on-body links with different data rates. It is shown that that using a 25 dB-gain LNA at the receiver, reaching an uncoded BER of 10-3 was not possible for some links operating at higher data rates. Power and energy consumption issues are then addressed and results in terms of required pJ/bit to achieve a certain quality of communication are given and discussed., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2016

32. Millington effect and propagation enhancement in 60 GHz body area networks

Author

Mavridis, Theodoros, Leduc, Carole, Petrillo, Luca, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Zhadobov, Maxim, Sauleau, Renan, Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz, De Doncker, Philippe, Mavridis, Theodoros, Leduc, Carole, Petrillo, Luca, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Zhadobov, Maxim, Sauleau, Renan, Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz, and De Doncker, Philippe

Abstract

Millington effect for on-body propagation enhancement is presented in the 60-GHz band. Millington's equations are developed to describe propagation above a flat inhomogeneous surface. This study focuses on mixed paths (human skin-metallic) for on-body scenarios. It is shown that adding metallic paths on the human skin can improve the power link budget between two nodes placed on the body. Two different schemes are studied experimentally to assess the analytical model using a flat phantom with electric properties of human skin and different lengths of metallic inserts. The first scheme considers a metallic plate between the transmitting and receiving antennas, while the second scheme proposes locating the metallic plates under the antennas. It is shown that the second scheme yields a better link budget than the first one for the same length of metal. Moreover, a numerical study is performed to assess the impact of the following different parameters: the location of the metal plate, size of the plate, and the height of the antennas. Excellent agreement between numerical and experimental results has been shown. In the best cases, the presented techniques allow to improve the path loss of 10-20 dB., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2016

33. INDUCTIVE SURFACE ELEMENT

Author

Jangal, Florent, Petrillo, Luca, Darces, Muriel, Hélier, Marc, Montmagnon, Jean-Louis, ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Laboratoire d'Electronique et Electromagnétisme (L2E), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Gomez, Pascal

Subjects
[SPI.TRON] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics
Abstract

n° de priorité : FR20120002272 20120822; The invention relates to an inductive surface element that enables the propagation conditions of electromagnetic radiation to be modified. The inductive surface element includes a base plate (1) and secondary plates (2) which are arranged perpendicularly to the base plate. A surface wave is produced by the inductive surface element from an electromagnetic wave that has a free-space propagation mode, when the electric field of the free-space propagation wave is not parallel to the base plate, and when the inductive surface element is arranged close to the ground with the base plate parallel to the surface of the ground.

Published
2014

34. Analytical creeping waves model at 60 GHz for on-body communications

Author

Petrillo, Luca, Mavridis, Theodoros, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Lautru, David, Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz, and De Doncker, Philippe

Subjects
Sciences de l'ingénieur, Surface waves, Attenuation, Wireless communication, Antennas and propagation, Biological system modeling, Antenna measurements, Electromagnetic scattering
Abstract

The propagation of 60 GHz electromagnetic waves around a human body is studied. The body is treated as a circular cylinder. Analytic formulations based on creeping wave theory for both vertical and horizontal polarizations are given. Measurements conducted on a brass cylinder confirmed theoretical results., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2013

35. Analytical creeping waves model At 60 GHz for off-body communications

Author

Mavridis, Theodoros, Petrillo, Luca, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Lautru, David, Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz, and De Doncker, Philippe

Subjects
Mathematical model, Equations, Horn antennas, Scattering, Antenna measurements, Wireless communication, Sciences de l'ingénieur
Abstract

In the field of 60 GHz high data rate wireless and Body Area Networks communications a fast computation and accurate analytical model for creeping waves is described in this paper. The scattering of a plane wave by a perfectly conducting cylinder (PEC) is presented. It is shown that at 60 GHz higher creeping waves modes can be neglected. The model is then compared with experimental results., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2013

36. Periodic Structures to Efficiently Launch HF Surface Waves

Author

Jangal, Florent, Petrillo, Luca, Darces, Muriel, Montmagnon, Jean-Louis, Hélier, Marc, ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Laboratoire d'Electronique et Electromagnétisme (L2E), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Gomez, Pascal

Subjects
[SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [SPI.ELEC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2011

37. Surface Wave Enhancement Using HF Metamaterials

Author

Petrillo, Luca, Jangal, Florent, Darces, Muriel, Montmagnon, Jean-Louis, Hélier, Marc, ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Laboratoire d'Electronique et Electromagnétisme (L2E), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Gomez, Pascal

Subjects
[SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [SPI.ELEC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism
Abstract

International audience; HF Surface Wave Radar (HFSWR) seems to be the most relevant and lowest cost solution for the surveillance of the Exclusive Economical Zone [1]. The HFSWR is a land based system that can watch over large maritime areas and detect low-altitude aircrafts and surface vessels beyond the electromagnetic horizon [2]. However, one of its major problems lies in the emitting antennas: since HF wavelength extends between 10m and 100m (most often in the order of 30 m), antenna dimensions can become a restraint for radar deployment. For this reason, equivalent quarter-dipole antennas are usually employed. This simple solution lacks in directivity and therefore causes energy dispersion towards the sky. As a consequence, ionospheric clutter corrupts radar data. We aim to solve those problem (i.e., energy wasting and clutter corruption) right from the conception. We are of the opinion that the design of a radiator dedicated to surface wave excitation cannot be achieved if the electromagnetic problem is ill-posed. In a recent paper [3] we have introduced the modal decomposition method [4] to study the in°uence of the Zenneck wave on the ¯eld excited by any vertical source placed at the sea surface. It has been found that the Zenneck wave contribution is masked by an in¯nite spectrum of bulk waves that are not con¯ned at the sea surface. The excitation of the bulk waves does not permit to concentrate the radiated power at the interface between sea and air and therefore it lowers HFSWR performances. An interesting solution could come from the domain of negative parameters materials: an interface between air and a material having a negative permittivity can support a complex mode that may be not masked by the bulk waves. In this paper, with a similar approach of [5], we propose two di®erent structures capable of sustaining a guided complex wave and of concentrating the radiated power at lower elevation angles.

Published
2011

41. TDOA estimation method using 60 GHz OFDM spectrum

Author

Jafari, Ahmadreza, Petrillo, Luca, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Lautru, David, De Doncker, Philippe, Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz, Jafari, Ahmadreza, Petrillo, Luca, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Lautru, David, De Doncker, Philippe, and Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz

Abstract

In the field of high data rate wireless communications, localization issues play a key role in achieving energy-efficient communication and geographic routing. time-difference of arrival (TDOA)-based localization methods present numerous advantages. In this paper, a new method of TDOA estimation is proposed. With this method, unlike conventional TDOA measurements, it is possible to perform communication and localization at the same time by using a multi-input single-output system. By transmitting ultra-wide-band orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing signals using spatial diversity, it is possible to extract TDOA from interference patterns in spectral domain. In addition, increasing the precision of localization is also studied using a multi-band approach. This whole study is made within the framework of the WiGig alliance specifications; however, it is compatible with other standards., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2015

42. On-body propagation characterization with an H-plane substrate intagrated waveguide

Author

Razafimahatratra, Solofo, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz, Mavridis, Theodoros, Petrillo, Luca, De Doncker, Philippe, Razafimahatratra, Solofo, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz, Mavridis, Theodoros, Petrillo, Luca, and De Doncker, Philippe

Abstract

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2015

43. Antenne cornet SIW pour réseaux de capteurs corporels à 60GHz

Author

Razafimahatratra, Solofo, Mavridis, Theodoros, Petrillo, Luca, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., De Doncker, Philippe, Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz, Razafimahatratra, Solofo, Mavridis, Theodoros, Petrillo, Luca, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., De Doncker, Philippe, and Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz

Abstract

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2015

44. Near-body shadowing analysis at 60GHz

Author

Mavridis, Theodoros, Petrillo, Luca, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz, De Doncker, Philippe, Mavridis, Theodoros, Petrillo, Luca, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz, and De Doncker, Philippe

Abstract

A numerical model of the fading of a receiver (Rx) located near the user body at 60 GHz in an indoor environment is presented. The model is based on the indoor channel model IEEE 802.11ad. The results are presented for a-Rx located in a zone from 5 to 30 cm away from the body. With the shadowing depending on the region (front or back) with respect to the base station, the mean attenuation of the channel over the bandwidth is analyzed and modeled thanks to a two-wave diffuse power distribution model., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2015

45. UWB interferometry TDOA estimation for 60GHz OFDM communication systems

Author

Jafari, Ahmadreza, Mavridis, Theodoros, Petrillo, Luca, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Peter, Michael, Keusgen, Wilhelm, De Doncker, Philippe, Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz, Jafari, Ahmadreza, Mavridis, Theodoros, Petrillo, Luca, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Peter, Michael, Keusgen, Wilhelm, De Doncker, Philippe, and Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz

Abstract

A simple technique to estimate the time difference of arrival (TDOA) that necessitates only one reference device to perform 1-D positioning of a mobile device is presented. Using a multiple-input-single-output (MISO) system, this interferometric technique uses ultrawideband signals and is particularly well suited for 60-GHz orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) communications. The accuracy of the technique is assessed by simulation, using the IEEE 802.11ad channel, as well as by measurement., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2015

46. Antenna radiation characterization for on-body communication channel using creeping wave theory

Author

Ma, Z, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Petrillo, Luca, Mavridis, Theodoros, De Doncker, Philippe, Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz, Ma, Z, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Petrillo, Luca, Mavridis, Theodoros, De Doncker, Philippe, and Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz

Abstract

Creeping wave theory is re-visited for BAN (Body Area Network) channel modeling. The formulation takes the characteristics of both antenna and human tissues into account. The field density at a certain distance from the radiating antenna can be directly determined by input power and on-body antenna gain. It is observed that the complicated on-body antenna gain measurement can be replaced by measuring antenna gain above infinitely large PEC (perfect electric conductor) plane to determine field density. Using time gating technique, the antenna gain above infinitely large PEC can be obtained by measuring continuous field on finitely large PEC, which is much easier to use in practice. The whole concept is validated through CST Microwave Studio. A very good agreement between the analytical model and full-wave simulation results is achieved., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2015

47. Porcine skin as human body phantom at 60GHz

Author

Petrillo, Luca, Mavridis, Theodoros, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz, De Doncker, Philippe, Petrillo, Luca, Mavridis, Theodoros, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz, and De Doncker, Philippe

Abstract

This communication presents the results of an experimental campaign carried out at 60 GHz to demonstrate that porcine skin can be used at 60 GHz as a phantom for the human body. Norton formulations above a flat human body are verified using porcine skin., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2015

48. Indoor channels around a human subject at 2.45GHz and 60GHz

Author

Petrillo, Luca, Mavridis, Theodoros, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz, De Doncker, Philippe, Petrillo, Luca, Mavridis, Theodoros, Sarrazin, Julien S. J., Benlarbi-Delaï, Aziz, and De Doncker, Philippe

Abstract

The increasing interest for the millimeter wave spectrum (30 GHz to 300 GHz) is due to the large bandwidth available for wireless, high throughput technologies. One of the key applications will be the cooperation with existent wireless technologies at lower frequencies in indoor environments. The propagation channel should be studied along with a human body in the closeness of the mobile device, since the presence of the user can greatly affect the propagation channel at millimeter range. This communication deals with the comparison between 2.4 GHZ et 60 GHz indoor channels around a user, in a zone that can be reached by the arm extension, which represent the region where a user often uses a wireless device like a smartphone or tablet., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2015

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