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Time-sensitive networks, as in the context of IEEE-TSN and IETF-Detnet, require bounds on worst-case delays. Various network analysis tools compute such bounds; these tools are based on different methods and provide delay bounds that are all valid but may differ; furthermore, it is generally not known which tool will provide the best bound. To obtain the best possible bound, users need to implement multiple pieces of code with a different syntax for every tool, which is impractical and error-prone. To address this issue, we present Saihu, a Python interface that integrates the three most frequently used worst-case network analysis tools: xTFA, DiscoDNC, and Panco. They altogether implement six analysis methods. Saihu provides a general interface that enables defining a network in a single file and executing all tools simultaneously without any modification. Saihu further exports analysis results as formatted reports automatically and allows quick generation of certain types of networks. With its simplified steps of execution, Saihu reduces the burden on users and makes it accessible for anyone working with time-sensitive networks. An introductory video is available at https://youtu.be/MiOhLay8Kr4.

ObjectiveSome patients with rheumatic diseases might be at higher risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We aimed to develop a prediction model for COVID-19 ARDS in this population and to create a simple risk score calculator for use in clinical settings.MethodsData were derived from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Registry from March 24, 2020, to May 12, 2021. Seven machine learning classifiers were trained on ARDS outcomes using 83 variables obtained at COVID-19 diagnosis. Predictive performance was assessed in a US test set and was validated in patients from four countries with independent registries using area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. A simple risk score calculator was developed using a regression model incorporating the most influential predictors from the best performing classifier.ResultsThe study included 8633 patients from 74 countries, of whom 523 (6%) had ARDS. Gradient boosting had the highest mean AUC (0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67-0.88) and was considered the top performing classifier. Ten predictors were identified as key risk factors and were included in a regression model. The regression model that predicted ARDS with 71% (95% CI: 61%-83%) sensitivity in the test set, and with sensitivities ranging from 61% to 80% in countries with independent registries, was used to develop the risk score calculator.ConclusionWe were able to predict ARDS with good sensitivity using information readily available at COVID-19 diagnosis. The proposed risk score calculator has the potential to guide risk stratification for treatments, such as monoclonal antibodies, that have potential to reduce COVID-19 disease progression.

Objective Some patients with rheumatic diseases might be at higher risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We aimed to develop a prediction model for COVID‐19 ARDS in this population and to create a simple risk score calculator for use in clinical settings. Methods Data were derived from the COVID‐19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Registry from March 24, 2020, to May 12, 2021. Seven machine learning classifiers were trained on ARDS outcomes using 83 variables obtained at COVID‐19 diagnosis. Predictive performance was assessed in a US test set and was validated in patients from four countries with independent registries using area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. A simple risk score calculator was developed using a regression model incorporating the most influential predictors from the best performing classifier. Results The study included 8633 patients from 74 countries, of whom 523 (6%) had ARDS. Gradient boosting had the highest mean AUC (0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67‐0.88) and was considered the top performing classifier. Ten predictors were identified as key risk factors and were included in a regression model. The regression model that predicted ARDS with 71% (95% CI: 61%‐83%) sensitivity in the test set, and with sensitivities ranging from 61% to 80% in countries with independent registries, was used to develop the risk score calculator. Conclusion We were able to predict ARDS with good sensitivity using information readily available at COVID‐19 diagnosis. The proposed risk score calculator has the potential to guide risk stratification for treatments, such as monoclonal antibodies, that have potential to reduce COVID‐19 disease progression.

[Display omitted] DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) has an essential role in the non–homologous end-joining pathway that repairs DNA double-strand breaks in V(D)J recombination involved in the expression of T- and B-cell receptors. Whereas homozygous mutations in Prkdc define the Scid mouse, a model that has been widely used in biology, human mutations in PRKDC are extremely rare and the disease spectrum has not been described so far. To provide an update on the genetics, clinical spectrum, immunological profile, and therapy of DNA-PKcs deficiency in human. The clinical, biological, and treatment data from the 6 cases published to date and from 1 new patient were obtained and analyzed. Rubella PCR was performed on available granuloma material. We report on 7 patients; 6 patients displayed the autosomal recessive p.L3062R mutation in PRKDC -encoding DNA-PKcs. Atypical severe combined immunodeficiency with inflammatory lesions, granulomas, and autoimmunity was the predominant clinical manifestation (n = 5 of 7). Rubella viral strain was detected in the granuloma of 1 patient over the 2 tested. T-cell counts, including naive CD4+CD45RA+ T cells and T-cell function were low at diagnosis for 6 patients. For most patients with available values, naive CD4+CD45RA+ T cells decreased over time (n = 5 of 6). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was performed in 5 patients, of whom 4 are still alive without transplant-related morbidity. Sustained T- and B-cell reconstitution was observed, respectively, for 4 and 3 patients, after a median follow-up of 8 years (range 3-16 years). DNA-PKcs deficiency mainly manifests as an inflammatory disease with granuloma and autoimmune features, along with severe infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a retrospective study on all cases of pneumococcal septic arthritis (SA) in patients >18 years of age reported to the Picardie Regional Pneumococcal Network in France during 2005–2016. Among 1,062 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease, we observed 16 (1.5%) SA cases. Although SA is uncommon in adult patients, the prevalence of pneumococcal SA in the Picardie region increased from 0.69% during 2005–2010 to 2.47% during 2011–2016 after introduction of the pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine. We highlight the emergence of SA cases caused by the 23B serotype, which is not covered in the vaccine.

Preventing premature interaction of pre-ribosomes with the translation apparatus is essential for translational accuracy. Hence, the final maturation step releasing functional 40S ribosomal subunits, namely processing of the 18S ribosomal RNA 3′ end, is safeguarded by the protein DIM2, which both interacts with the endoribonuclease NOB1 and masks the rRNA cleavage site. To elucidate the control mechanism that unlocks NOB1 activity, we performed cryo-electron microscopy analysis of late human pre-40S particles purified using a catalytically inactive form of the ATPase RIO1. These structures, together with in vivo and in vitro functional analyses, support a model in which ATP-loaded RIO1 cooperates with ribosomal protein RPS26/eS26 to displace DIM2 from the 18S rRNA 3′ end, thereby triggering final cleavage by NOB1; release of ADP then leads to RIO1 dissociation from the 40S subunit. This dual key lock mechanism requiring RIO1 and RPS26 guarantees the precise timing of pre-40S particle conversion into translation-competent ribosomal subunits.

Effects of habitat restoration on belowground organisms and ecosystem processes are poorly understood. Morriën and colleagues show that changes in the composition and network interactions of soil biota lead to improved carbon uptake efficiency when formerly cultivated land is restored.

Assembly of eukaryotic ribosomal subunits is a very complex and sequential process that starts in the nucleolus and finishes in the cytoplasm with the formation of functional ribosomes. Over the past few years, characterization of the many molecular events underlying eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis has been drastically improved by the “resolution revolution” of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). However, if very early maturation events have been well characterized for both yeast ribosomal subunits, little is known regarding the final maturation steps occurring to the small (40S) ribosomal subunit. To try to bridge this gap, we have used proteomics together with cryo-EM and single particle analysis to characterize yeast pre-40S particles containing the ribosome biogenesis factor Tsr1. Our analyses lead us to refine the timing of the early pre-40S particle maturation steps. Furthermore, we suggest that after an early and structurally stable stage, the beak and platform domains of pre-40S particles enter a “vibrating” or “wriggling” stage, that might be involved in the final maturation of 18S rRNA as well as the fitting of late ribosomal proteins into their mature position.

In stimulus-parity synaesthesia, a range of stimuli—for example, letters, numbers, weekdays, months, and colours (the inducers)—elicit an automatic feeling of oddness or evenness (the concurrent). This phenomenon was first described by Théodore Flournoy in 1893, and has only recently been “rediscovered.” Here, we describe an individual who experiences a comparable phenomenon, but uses the labels negative and positive rather than odd and even. Stimulus-parity synaesthesia may be broader than first supposed, and it is important that assessments are sensitive to this breadth.

Spatial scaling of microorganisms has been demonstrated over the last decade. However, the processes and environmental filters shaping soil microbial community structure on a broad spatial scale still need to be refined and ranked. Here, we compared bacterial and fungal community composition turnovers through a biogeographical approach on the same soil sampling design at a broad spatial scale (area range: 13300 to 31000 km2): i) to examine their spatial structuring; ii) to investigate the relative importance of environmental selection and spatial autocorrelation in determining their community composition turnover; and iii) to identify and rank the relevant environmental filters and scales involved in their spatial variations. Molecular fingerprinting of soil bacterial and fungal communities was performed on 413 soils from four French regions of contrasting environmental heterogeneity (Landes

Soil DNA extraction has become a critical step in describing microbial biodiversity. Historically, ascertaining overarching microbial ecological theories has been hindered as independent studies have used numerous custom and commercial DNA extraction procedures. For that reason, a standardized soil DNA extraction method (ISO-11063) was previously published. However, although this ISO method is suited for molecular tools such as quantitative PCR and community fingerprinting techniques, it has only been optimized for examining soil bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess an appropriate soil DNA extraction procedure for examining bacterial, archaeal and fungal diversity in soils of contrasting land-use and physico-chemical properties. Three different procedures were tested: the ISO-11063 standard; a custom procedure (GnS-GII); and a modified ISO procedure (ISOm) which includes a different mechanical lysis step (a FastPrep ®-24 lysis step instead of the recommended bead-beating). The efficacy of each method was first assessed by estimating microbial biomass through total DNA quantification. Then, the abundances and community structure of bacteria, archaea and fungi were determined using real-time PCR and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism approaches. Results showed that DNA yield was improved with the GnS-GII and ISOm procedures, and fungal community patterns were found to be strongly dependent on the extraction method. The main methodological factor responsible for differences between extraction procedure efficiencies was found to be the soil homogenization step. For integrative studies which aim to examine bacteria, archaea and fungi simultaneously, the ISOm procedure results in higher DNA recovery and better represents microbial communities.

Résumé En 2017, au laboratoire de l’hôpital de Beauvais, un appareil de PCR en temps réel est installé. Ce travail décrit la vérification de méthode, en portée A de la trousse de PCR triplexe en temps réel, Urethritis basic ® , FTD, pour la détection qualitative de Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) et Mycoplasma genitalium (MG). Pour répondre à la norme NF 15189, une analyse des risques ainsi que la vérification de certains critères de performance sont réalisées sur site. La fidélité intermédiaire pour NG est évaluée sur 2 échantillons donnant des résultats douteux au premier passage. Lors des passages suivants les résultats sont négatifs. La comparaison avec l’ancienne méthode en point final (GenoQuick ® CT, Hain Lifescience) pour la recherche de CT est réalisée sur 46 échantillons, 4 résultats sont discordants (tous positifs avec l’ancienne méthode et négatifs avec la nouvelle). L’exactitude est vérifiée par deux EEQ pour CT et NG : les résultats sont conformes. Les essais de contamination inter- échantillons montrent l’absence de contamination. Enfin, une vérification continue à l’aide de graphiques de Levey-Jennings construites à partir des « Cycles threshold » (Ct) des contrôles est mise en place. Ce travail a permis de conclure à l’aptitude de la méthode tout en confirmant l’intérêt de contrôler les échantillons trouvés douteux pour le gonocoque. Il propose également un outil de surveillance continue des performances. Method verification, in range A, of a triplex real time PCR for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium In 2017, at the Beauvais hospital laboratory, a real time PCR system has been acquired. This work describes the method verification of a real time PCR kit, Urethritis basic ® , FTD, in range A, for the qualitative detection of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG). According to the ISO 15189 standard, a risk analysis and a verification of some performance criteria are performed on site. Intermediate precision for NG is evaluated on two samples giving equivocal results. Following runs gives negative results. Comparison between the new and the previous end-point PCR method (GenoQuick ® CT, Hain Lifescience) for the detection of CT is performed on 46 samples. Four samples show discordant results (all positive with the previous method and negative with the new one). Accuracy is assessed by two EQA (External Quality Assessment) for CT and NG and gave expected results. Our tests of carry-over contamination, by alternating positive and negative samples, did not identify any contamination. Finally, we implemented continuous verification by Levey-Jennings charts established using threshold cycles of controls. This work let to conclude on the ability of the method while confirming the interest of controlling equivocal NG results. In addition, it provides a tool to continuously monitor the performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article renews the study of national commemorations and public memory that was undertaken in the 1990s through the case study of commemorative practices at the Smithsonian Institution in the years preceding the Bicentennial of the American Revolution (1964-1976). It shows that beyond their heterogeneous forms, commemorative activities share strong common points. The process of preparing for the Bicentennial at the Smithsonian sheds new light on what commemoration is, and pleads for a definition of commemorative activities that is not restricted to their ritual outcome. Commemoration appears to be a collective process of consensus-building, which is framed by the vertical organization of the federal bureaucracy. A top-down commemorative demand pervades the everyday professional activities of actors, who more or less adopt it as their own, depending on their professional status and their places in the chain of command.

The article focuses on socialism and the coexistence of international socialism with nationalism in Oklahoma and considers the debate over exceptionalism, particularly in Midwestern socialism historiography. Topics mentioned include historian Frederick Jackson Turner and his essay entitled "The Significance of the American Frontier in American History," Oklahoma's local socialist press, and the national challenges of writing history.