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An overview of the Estonian terrestrial isopod fauna is given, based on literature data and material collected from 1984 to 2021. The identified material consisted of 10915 specimens belonging to 14 species and collected from 172 localities throughout Estonia. In combination with previous data from the literature data, there are now reliable records of 16 species of woodlice from Estonia. Two species, viz. Platyarthrus hoffmannseggii Brandt, 1833 and Hyloniscus riparius (C. Koch, 1838), are new for the fauna. The latter has probably colonised Estonia recently and range expansions have been reported elsewhere. The data on Philoscia muscorum (Scopoli, 1763) are dubious, and this species is currently excluded from the Estonian list.

Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt, 1833) Fig. 1 Porcellio pruinosus Brandt, 1833: 19. Porcellionides pruinosus ��� Carpio-D��az et al. 2016: 434, figs 1���2. Material examined COLOMBIA ��� Bol��var, Cartagena de Indias, Islas del Rosario, Isla Grande ��� 3 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; Orika; 10��10���37.2��� N, 75��44���27.59��� W; 8 Sep. 2017; A. Figueroa leg.; CUDC-CRU 249 ��� 2 ♀♀; El Silencio, Playa La Cocotera; 10��10���49.3��� N, 75��44���16.7��� W; 6 Oct. 2017; C.M. L��pez-Orozco, R. Borja-Arrieta and Y.M. Carpio-D��az leg.; CUDC-CRU 250 ��� 1 ♂, 11 ♀♀; El Silencio, Laguna del Silencio; 10��10���33.5��� N, 75��44���26.9��� W; 24 Aug. 2017, same collectors as for preceding; CUDC-CRU 251 ��� 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 10��10���32.9��� N, 75��44���27.3��� W; CUDC-CRU 252 ��� 18 ♂♂, 15 ♀♀, 1 juvenile; same collection data as for preceding; 10��10���35��� N, 75��44���26.4��� W; CUDC-CRU 253 ��� 3 ♀♀; La Punta, Laguna Encantada; 10��10���47.76��� N, 75��43���40.27��� W; 25 Aug. 2017; C.M. L��pez-Orozco, Y.M. Carpio- D��az and R. Borja-Arrieta leg.; CUDC-CRU 254. Previous records San Andr��s (Van Name 1936); Angel��polis, Cafetal La Camelia Antioquia Dept, and near Nevado del Ru��z, Caldas Dept (Richardson 1912); Cartagena de Indias, Bar��, Bol��var Dept (Caribbean region) (Carpio-D��az et al. 2016). Distribution Cosmopolitan species (Schmalfuss 2003). First record for continental islands of the Colombian Caribbean., Published as part of L��pez-Orozco, Carlos Mario, Carpio-D��az, Yesenia M., Borja-Arrieta, Ricardo, Navas-S, Gabriel R., Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares, Taiti, Stefano, Mateos, Mariana, Olazaran, Alexandra, Caballero, Isabel C., Jotty, Karick, G��mez-Estrada, Harold & Hurtado, Luis A., 2022, A glimpse into a remarkable unknown diversity of oniscideans along the Caribbean coasts revealed on a tiny island, pp. 1-50 in European Journal of Taxonomy 793 on pages 36-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.793.1643, http://zenodo.org/record/6037892, {"references":["Brandt J. F. 1833. Conspectus Monographiae Crustaceorum Oniscodorum Latreillii. Byulleten Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody 6: 171 - 193.","Carpio-Diaz Y. M., Lopez-Orozco C. M., Herrera-Medina Y., Navas G. R. & Bermudez A. 2016. Primer registro de Tylos niveus y nuevo reporte de Porcellionides pruinosus (Oniscidea: Tylidae y Porcellionidae) para Colombia. Revista de la Academia colombiana de Ciencias exactas fisicas y naturales 40 (156): 433 - 437. https: // doi. org / 10.18257 / raccefyn. 343","Van Name W. 1936. The American land and freshwater isopod Crustacea. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 71: 1 - 535.","Richardson H. 1912. Terrestrial isopods of Colombia. Memoires de la Societe des Sciences naturelles Neuchatel 5: 29 - 32.","Schmalfuss H. 2003. World catalog of terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde A 654: 1 - 341."]}

In this study, we report the results of a taxonomic survey of terrestrial isopods from Isla Grande, a ca 2 km2 island located in the north of Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. We found a total of 17 species belonging to nine families and 10 genera. Eight of these species have been reported only from the Caribbean region, nine are recorded for the first time in Colombia, and three are new to science and described here: Tylos negroi López-Orozco, Carpio-Díaz & Campos-Filho sp. nov., Stenoniscus nestori López-Orozco, Taiti & Campos-Filho sp. nov. and Armadilloniscus luisi Carpio-Díaz, Taiti & Campos-Filho sp. nov. Our revision also determined that the genus Microphiloscia is a junior synonym of Halophiloscia; and moreover, Halophiloscia trichoniscoides comb. nov. is redescribed. We also provide illustrations for Armadilloniscus caraibicus and Armadilloniscus ninae. Most (16) of the species were found in coastal habitats (i.e., beaches, coastal lagoons and mangroves), whereas the tropical dry forest harbored only two species. Molecular phylogenetic inferences supported the presence of three species of Tylos in Isla Grande (i.e., one new species and a new lineage within each of two known species). Our work on Tylos highlights the importance of combining taxonomic and molecular analyses to support taxonomic decisions and uncover cryptic diversity. Due to the multiple threats to Caribbean coastal habitats, taxonomic and molecular genetic research are urgently needed to understand biodiversity patterns of oniscideans in the Caribbean, which will inform strategies for their protection. Such studies will also contribute to our knowledge of their evolution, ecology, and potential uses, as well as the factors that have shaped the remarkable Caribbean biodiversity.

Includes bibliographical references. Number of sources in the bibliography: 128. Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Cyprus, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, 2021. The University of Cyprus Library holds the printed form of the thesis. Τα χερσαία ισόποδα (Oniscidea) παρουσιάζουν ορισμένες ιδιότητες που τα καθιστούν μοναδικά στην παγκόσμια βιοποικιλότητα, προσφέροντας ερευνητικές ευκαιρίες σε πολλά βιολογικά πεδία, όπως η εξέλιξη, η οικολογία, η οικοτοξικολογία, η βιοακουστική και η οικοφυσιολογία. Με περισσότερα από 3700 περιγεγραμμένα είδη, τα Oniscidea είναι η μεγαλύτερη και ταυτόχρονα η μόνη χερσαία υπόταξη ισοπόδων. Η μετάβαση από τη θάλασσα στην ξηρά πιθανότατα έλαβε χώρα κατά τη διάρκεια της Λιθανθρακοφόρου περιόδου, ~300 Μya. Τα χερσαία ισόποδα είναι οι πιο επιτυχημένοι αποικιστές του χερσαίου περιβάλλοντος εντός των Καρκινοειδών, παρουσιάζοντας μια σειρά από ποικίλες μορφολογικές, οικολογικές και συμπεριφορικές προσαρμογές που τους επέτρεψαν να κατακτήσουν τη χέρσο. Είναι αξιοσημείωτο το γεγονός ότι τα αρτίγονα είδη αντιπροσωπεύουν σχεδόν όλα τα εξελικτικά βήματα που τους έδωσαν τη δυνατότητα να καταλάβουν τη μεγάλη πλειονότητα των χερσαίων οικοτόπων, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των πολύ αφιλόξενων περιβαλλόντων της ερήμου, των λιμνοθαλασσών και των υπόγειων γλυκών υδάτων, όπου επέστρεψαν δευτερογενώς. Η παρουσία των χερσαίων ισοπόδων εκτείνεται από το επίπεδο της θάλασσας μέχρι και σε πολύ υψηλά υψόμετρα (>4800 m), εκτός από τις πολικές περιοχές. Παρά τη συνεχή συσσώρευση γενετικών και μορφολογικών δεδομένων, δεν έχουν ακόμα επιλυθεί οι φυλογενετικές σχέσεις μέσα στην ομάδα των Oniscidea ή μεταξύ των υποτάξεων των Ισοπόδων. Στο πλαίσιο αυτής της διατριβής διερευνήθηκε η εξελικτική δυναμική αυτών των ομάδων σε διαφορετικά ταξινομικά επίπεδα. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, εξετάστηκαν οι φυλογενετικές σχέσεις στα ακόλουθα επίπεδα: i) βαθιά φυλογένεση - διερεύνηση σχέσεων μεταξύ των πέντε κύριων κλάδων Oniscidea και στενά συγγενών υδρόβιων υποτάξεων Ισοπόδων, ii) επίπεδο οικογένειας/γένους – διερεύνηση εξελικτικών σχέσεων ανάμεσα στις κύριες οικογένειες των Crinocheta και των γενών σε μια από τις πλουσιότερες σε αριθμό ειδών οικογένειες (Porcellionidae), και iii) είδους/πληθυσμών – διερεύνηση γενετικής ποικιλότητας εντός του είδους Armadillo officinalis, καλύπτοντας μεγάλο μέρος της εξάπλωσής του, εστιάζοντας ωστόσο στην ενδο-νησιωτική διαφοροποίηση εντός της Κύπρου. Με στόχο τη διερεύνηση της εξελικτικής ιστορίας σε αυτή την πολυεπίπεδη προσέγγιση, εφαρμόστηκε η αλληλούχηση κατά Sanger που στοχεύει μια σειρά μιτοχονδριακών (12s,16s, COI, Cytb) και πυρηνικών (18s, 28s, NAK, PEPCK) γενετικών δεικτών, καθώς και μοναδιαίων νουκλεοτιδικών πολυμορφισμών (SNP) σε ολόκληρο το γονιδίωμα των οργανισμών, εφαρμόζοντας το πρωτόκολλο ddRADseq. Στο επίπεδο βαθιάς φυλογένεσης, τα αποτελέσματά μας υπονομεύουν την ευρέως αποδεκτή μονοφυλετικότητα των Oniscidea. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, το αμφίβιο γένος Ligia φαίνεται να είναι εξελικτικά πιο συγγενικό με υδρόβια ισόποδα από ό,τι με τα υπόλοιπα χερσαία ισόποδα που συμπεριλήφθηκαν στην ανάλυση αυτή. Λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τα στοιχεία που παρατίθενται και αμφισβητούν την κοινή καταγωγή των Ligiidae, θα μπορούσε να υποστηριχθεί ότι το γένος Ligidium, όπως και τα στενά συγγενικά του Tauroligidium και Typhloligidium, ανήκουν σε μια νέα οικογένεια, την Ligidiidae, που διακλαδίζεται στη βάση του φυλογενετικού δέντρου των Oniscidea. Το παραγόμενο φυλογενετικό μοτίβο των υπόλοιπων χερσαίων ταξινομικών κατηγοριών αντανακλά τη σύνθετη εξελικτική ιστορία της ομάδας όσον αφορά τη μετάβαση από το θαλάσσιο στο χερσαίο περιβάλλον. Οι φυλογενετικές αναλύσεις σε επίπεδο οικογένειας/γένους αμφισβήτησαν τόσο τη μονοφυλετικότητα της οικογένειας Porcellionidae όσο και του γένους Porcellio που συγκαταλέγεται στα πλουσιότερα σε αριθμό ειδών γένη της οικογένειας. Σύμφωνα με την κλαδοχρονολόγιση, αν εξαιρεθούν τα γένη Leptotrichus και Brevurus που δεν ομαδοποιούνται με τα υπόλοιπα μέλη της οικογένειας, η μονοφυλετική πλέον οικογένεια Porcellionidae φαίνεται να έχει αφρικανική προέλευση που χρονολογείται από το Ολιγόκαινο (~32 Mya). Εστιάζοντας σε επίπεδο είδους/πληθυσμού, στην περίπτωση του A. officinalis αποκαλύφθηκε υψηλή γενετική διαφοροποίηση που δεν υποδεικνύεται από οποιοδήποτε μορφολογικό χαρακτηριστικό από όσα εξετάσθηκαν μέχρι σήμερα. Αποκαλύφθηκαν πέντε κρυπτικοί γενετικοί κλάδοι στην Κύπρο. Η κλαδοχρονολόγηση δείχνει ότι η άφιξη του είδους στο νησί συνέβη περίπου 6 εκατομμύρια χρόνια πριν, πιθανώς υποβοηθούμενη από την Κρίση Αλατότητας του Μεσσηνίου. Επιπλέον, τα αποτελέσματα υπογραμμίζουν τον ρόλο της παλαιογεωγραφίας και της ανθρώπινης παρουσίας στα υπάρχοντα πρότυπα γενετικής ποικιλότητας. Τα αποτελέσματα που παρουσιάζονται αναδεικνύουν την ανάγκη για επαναξιολόγηση των μορφολογικών χαρακτήρων που χρησιμοποιούνται στην ταξινόμηση των χερσαίων ισοπόδων, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τα συσσωρευόμενα γενετικά δεδομένα. Έτσι θα οδηγηθούμε σε πιο αξιόπιστες και περιεκτικές φυλογενέσεις που θα μας επιτρέψουν να περιγράψουμε την περίπλοκη εξελικτική ιστορία αυτής της μοναδικής ομάδας που κατάφερε με επιτυχία να κατακτήσει τη χέρσο. Terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea) exhibit some unique properties that make them an excellent case within global biodiversity, offering research opportunities on many biological fields, such as evolution and ecology, but also ecotoxicology, bioacoustics and ecophysiology. With more than 3,700 described species, Oniscidea is the largest and at the same time the only terrestrial isopod suborder. The sea-land transition most probably took place during the Carboniferous, ~300 Mya. Terrestrial isopods are the most successful colonizers of the terrestrial realm among Crustacea, exhibiting a series of diverse morphological, ecological, and behavioural adaptations that allowed them to conquer land. Remarkably, extant species represent almost all evolutionary steps that allowed them to occupy the whole range of terrestrial habitat types, with a few exceptions, including the very harsh desert environments, salt lakes, and subterranean freshwaters, where they have secondarily returned. Oniscidea presence extends from the sea level to very high elevations (>4800 m), excluding polar regions. Despite the constantly accumulating genetic and morphological data, we still lack a comprehensive and robust phylogeny of Isopoda suborders, hence also of Oniscidea. Within the framework of this thesis, the evolutionary dynamics of this group were examined at different taxonomic levels. More precisely, phylogenetic relationships were examined at the following levels: i) deep phylogeny - relationships among the five main Oniscidea clades and with closely related aquatic Isopoda suborders, ii) family/genus level – relationships among some of the major Crinocheta families and among genera of one of the species-richest families (Porcellionidae), and iii) species/population - among Armadillo officinalis species populations, covering a large part of its distribution but focusing mostly on intra-insular divergence within Cyprus. Aiming to reconstruct the evolutionary history along such a multilevel approach, a series of mitochondrial (12s,16s, COI, Cytb) and nuclear (18s, 28s, NAK, PEPCK) markers, as well as genome-wide SNPs were retrieved, employing Sanger and ddRADseq sequencing, respectively. At the deep phylogeny level, our results undermine the widely accepted monophyly of Oniscidea. More specifically, the amphibious genus Ligia appears to be evolutionary more closely related to aquatic isopod taxa than the rest of the terrestrial isopods included in the analysis. Considering the evidence against the monophyly of Ligiidae presented herein, we suggest the assignment of Ligidium and of the closely related genera Tauroligidium and Typhloligidium to a new family, Ligidiidae, that possesses a basal position within Oniscidea phylogeny. The produced phylogenetic pattern of the remaining terrestrial taxa reflects the complex evolutionary history of the group in view of the transition from the marine to the terrestrial realm. Time-calibrated phylogenetic analyses at family/genus level questioned both the monophyly of Porcellionidae and Porcellio, one of the family’s richest genera. Excluding the genera Leptotrichus and Brevurus that are not grouped with the rest of family members, the now monophyletic Porcellionidae seems to have an African origin that dates back to the Oligocene (~32 Mya). Focusing on species/population level, in the case of A. officinalis we found high genetic divergence, not suggested by any of the morphological traits examined so far. The presence of five cryptic genetic lineages on Cyprus was revealed. Cladochronological dating indicates that the species arrival on the island occurred ~6 Mya, probably facilitated by the Messinian Salinity Crisis. Furthermore, results highlight the role of paleogeographic history and of human presence in shaping patterns of genetic diversity. Our results call for a re-evaluation of morphological characters traditionally used in terrestrial isopod taxonomy, under the light of the constantly accumulating genetic data. This way, we can attain more robust and comprehensive phylogenies which will allow us to describe the complex evolutionary history of this unique group that managed to conquer land.

Se realizó un estudio preliminar para caracterizar ensambles de artrópodos epígeos en entornos costeros con influencia urbana cerca de la ciudad de El Altet (Alicante, España), que incluyen duna fija, tomillar, duna móvil y vegetación ruderal. Para ello, se realizó una serie de métricas de diversidad y análisis multivariado con base en un relevamiento realizado desde noviembre de 2004 a marzo de 2005. El hábitat de vegetación ruderal (RV) tuvo mayor abundancia y baja diversidad de artrópodos epigeicos, así como predominio de taxones sinantrópicos, principalmente Dermaptera (Forficulidae) e Isopoda (Armadillidae, Porcellionidae). En contraste, el hábitat de dunas móviles (YD) tuvo abundancia intermedia y baja diversidad, con predominio de coleópteros psamófilos, particularmente Tenebrionidae. Mientras que los hábitats de tomillar y duna fija (HD + GD) tuvieron baja abundancia y alta diversidad, siendo Chrysomelidae y Tenebrionidae nativos sus taxones más representativos.

Abstract We presented our findings of woodlouse Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt, 1833), a new Porcellionidae species for the fauna of Belarus. We collected this species in Gomel region (June 2020). We also presented the data on species distribution.

To date 86 species of 33 genera and 16 families of Oniscidea have been recorded in Mexico. Collections of 4 academic institutions and recent field materials were revised. From 1,820 specimens, 1,417 (77.6%) were determined to belong to 6 exotic forms. A taxonomic account and a species identification key with SEM plates of these exotic entities are presented. For morphological analysis we used light and SEM microscopy. The molecular identity of 5 of the 6 forms was examined through cytochrome oxidase 1 gene (mtDNA) analyses. The exotic species determined are: Armadillidae, Cubaris murina ; Armadillidiidae, Armadillidium vulgare ; Porcellionidae, Agabiformius lentus , Porcellio laevis, P. scaber, and Porcellionides pruinosus . The exotic oniscideans were recorded from urban, rural and natural (riparian) zones in 15 states of northern Mexico, including the first formal records in Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Durango, and Zacatecas. Armadillidium vulgare, P. laevis, and P. pruinosus often co-occurred and are the most widely distributed species in this region. Although most of the material examined was recorded from urban zones (> 50% of studied sites), A. vulgare and P. laevis were also found in riparian areas (natural zones), yet P. pruinosus was recorded mainly from riparian areas (60% of 45 lots examined).

A total of 1290 specimens belonging to 11 species and four families were captured in two national parks, Bouhedma and Chambi. Among these species, seven belonged to Porcellionidae, and the remaining species represented Agnaridae, Armadillidae and Armadillidiidae families. Five species were common and recorded in both parks. However, Armadillidium tunisiense, Hemilepistus reaumurii and Porcellio djahizi were recorded only in Chambi while Agabiformius lentus, Armadillo officinalis and Porcellio albinus were collected only in Bouhedma. The distribution structure of the collected species was analyzed according to altitude and plant assemblages. Seasonal sampling showed that the highest abundance and species richness were recorded in spring. In both parks, the species richness decreased as the altitude increased. Arid regions sheltered specific species such as H. reaumurii and P. albinus, which were often the dominant component of the arthropod macrodecomposer guild in some habitats. The similarity analysis showed a quantitative and qualitative difference between the two parks. The two parks Bouhedma and Chambi shared five species (Leptotrichus panzerii, Porcellio laevis, P. variabilis, Porcellionides pruinosus, Armadillidium sulcatum) with areas studied in the north of Tunisia, Kroumirie, supralittoral zones and around the wetlands.

Camile Sorbo Fernandes, Ivanklin Soares Campos-Filho, Paula Beatriz Araujo, Bichuette, Maria Elina (2019): Synopsis of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Brazilian cavesı with emphasis on new records from northı midwestı northeast and southeast regions. Journal of Natural History 53 (17): 1095-1129, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1634225

Os derivados fenólicos desempenham importante papel na defesa contra hebivoria e também podem influenciar o comportamento dos organismos decompositores. O objetivo principal do presente trabalho foi verificar a influência da variação do teor de fenólicos totais e flavonoides totais presentes em diferentes estágios de decomposição foliar de Carya illinoinensis (nogueira pecan) no comportamento alimentar (taxas de consumo, de assimilação e egestão) de Porcellio scaber (Isopoda: Oniscidea). Investigou-se também a influência isolada (alimento artificial) de dois flavonoides, rutina (3-orutinosilquercetina) e quercetina, no comportamento alimentar deste isópodo. Folhas verdes de C. illinoinensis foram submetidas ao processo de decomposição em litter bags em condições ambientais por até três meses. Folhas verdes, folhas com um, dois, e três meses de decomposição (tratamentos) foram oferecidas aos isópodos em experimento sem escolha. Foram quantificados os teores de derivados fenólicos totais e de flavonoides totais nas folhas de cada período avaliado. Discos de gel de agarose com rutina e quercetina (dieta artificial) em diferentes concentrações (0,0; 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 mg/ml) também foram usados como tratamentos em experimentos de comportamento alimentar com P. scaber. A taxa de consumo não diferiu estatisticamente entre os estágios de decomposição de folhas de C. illinoinensis (H = 6.3059, P = 0.0976). A taxa de egestão não diferiu significativamente (H = 6,6857, P = 0,0826). A taxa de assimilação das folhas de três meses diferiu das folhas verdes e das folhas com um mês de decomposição, mas não diferiu das folhas com dois meses de decomposição. O teor de derivados fenólicos totais e flavonoides totais diferiram significativamente entre todos os estágios avaliados (H = 9,6525, P = 0.0218 e H = 10.3846, P = 0.0156, respectivamente). Folhas verdes tiveram o maior teor de fen Folhas verdes tiveram o maior teor de fenólicos totais (185,441 ± 0.58 mg equivalentes de ácido gálico/g de folha seca) e flavonoides totais (209,057 ± 2,97 mg equivalentes de rutina/g de folha seca). Nos experimentos com gel de agarose, rutina e quercetina mostraram toxidez considerável apenas na maior concentração utilizada (2,0 mg/ml), além de altas taxas de mortalidade para a concentração 2,0 mg/ml, mas a quercetina se mostrou mais tóxica. Não foi possível identificar uma concentração ótima que estimulasse o comportamento alimentar de P. scaber. O comportamento alimentar de P. scaber não foi inibido pela presença de alto teor de fenólicos totais e flavonoides totais presentes nas folhas de C. illinoinensis. Phenolic derivatives play an important role in defense against herbivory and can also influence the behavior of decomposing organisms. The aims of the study were to verify the influence of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content presents in different stages of leaf decomposition of Carya illinoinensis (hickory) in feeding behavior (consumption, assimilation and egestion rates) of Porcellio scaber (Isopoda: Oniscidea). In was also investigated the isolated influence (artificial diet) of two flavonoids, rutin (3-orutinosylquercetin) and quercetin, on the feeding behavior of this isopod. Green leaves of C. illinoinensis were submitted to the decomposition process in litter bags under environmental conditions for up to three months. Green leaves, leaves with one, two, and three months of decomposition (treatments) were offered to the isopods in no choice experiment. The amount of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content in leaves were evaluated in each decomposition stage. Agarose gel disks with rutin and quercetin (artificial diet) at different concentrations (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg / ml) were also used as treatments in P. scaber feeding behavior experiments. No statistical differences were found to egestion rates (H = 6.6857, P = 0.0826). The assimilation rate of three month old leaves differed from of green leaves and one month old leaves, but not from that of two month old leaves (H = 18.2856, P = 0.0004). The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content differed significantly among all evaluated decomposition stages (H = 9.6525, P = 0.0218 and H = 10.3846, P = 0.0156, respectively). Green leaves had the highest value of total phenolic content (185.441 ± 0.58 mg equivalent of gallic acid /mg dry weight) and total flavonoid content (209.057 ± 2.97 mg of rutin equivalents/g dry weight). In the experiments with artificial diet, rutin and quercetin shows toxicity only in high doses and In the experiments with artificial diet, rutin and quercetin shows toxicity only in high doses and induced the highest mortality rates at the concentration of 2.0 mg / ml. The high amount of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content mainly in leaves of C. illinoinensis don’t repelled P. scaber. In the experiments with artificial diet, rutin and quercetin showed considerable toxicity only at the highest concentration used (2.0 mg/ml) and induced high mortality rates at 2.0 mg / ml, but quercetin showed a greater toxic potential than its glycosylated derivative. It was not possible to identify an optimum concentration that stimulated the feeding behavior of P. scaber. The feeding behavior of P. scaber was not inhibited by high total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in the C. illinoinensis leaves.

Porcellio wadianae sp. nov. (Crustacea: Oniscidea: Porcellionidae) is described from the Extremadura region, Spain, Iberian Peninsula. The new species can be classified within the so-called “Porcellio Atlantic group”, deffined by Vandel. It is characterized by having an integumentary glandular system uncommon within this genus and by other characteristics that differentiate it from the other species of the same group present in the Ibero-Macaronesian and Northern African region. In addition, we report additional observations on woodlice species collected in Extremadura, one of Spain’s most poorly known regions concerning terrestrial Isopod fauna. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:643C01B5-0260-4B5E-ABDA-16B3E162B7F9

Soil fauna are important biological factors that affect litter decomposition and play an important role in the release of nutrients, such as carbon and nitrogen. This study focused on the role of soil fauna in litter decomposition. Field microcosm experiments were conducted to assess the influence of isopods (Porcellionidae and Armadillidiidae) on soil nutrients during the litter decomposition of Catalpa bungei (CL), Platanus acerifolia (PL), and Aesculus chinensis (AL). The litter mass loss and nutrients in different soil layers treated with various isopods were determined in three-month microcosm incubations. Results showed that the presence of isopods significantly increased (P

Genus Porcellio Latreille, 1804 Type species: Porcellio scaber Latreille, 1804 Diagnosis. A member of the genus Porcellio can be diagnosed by the enlarged pleon-epimera constituting continuous outline with the pereon; pereon-epimera I with cocave posterolateral margins; head with welldeveloped lateral lobes; eyes with more than 20 ommatidia; telson triangular with concave lateral margins; pleopod exopodites I���II with monospiracular covered lungs and no conglobation ability (Schmalfuss & Ferrara 1978, Schmalfuss 1992). Remarks. The genus Porcellio is a large taxonomic group that cannot be defined by a single character. Indeed, none of the above mentioned features satisfactorily diagnose the genus (Schmalfuss 1992). Schmalfuss (1998) considered Porcellio as a paraphyletic group including two different linages that have been united due to convergent evolution. According to him, ���the north African laevis-hoffmannseggi -group defined by elongated male pleopod exopodites, probably should be considered a separate genus which then must be called Rogopus Budde- Lund, 1908���. The northern Mediterranean scaber-obsolotus -group is diagnosed by short pleopod exopodites that includes also west Asian species (Schmalfuss 1992). Obviously, a revision of the genus Porcellio is required to be divided to more natural genera., Published as part of Kashani, Ghasem M., Ahdiyeh, Abedini & Zahra, Hatami, 2017, Terrestrial isopods of the genus Porcellio Latreille, 1804 (Isopoda; Oniscidea) in Iran, with a description of a new species, pp. 129-136 in Zootaxa 4311 (1) on page 130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/847407, {"references":["Schmalfuss, H. & Ferrara, F. (1978) Terrestrial isopods from West Africa, Part 2: Families Tylidae, Ligiidae, Trichoniscidae, Styloniscidae, Rhyscotidae, Halophilosciidae, Philosciidae, Platyarthridae, Rhyscotidae, Trachelipidae, Porcellionidae, Armadillidiidae. Monitore zoologico italiano, Nuova Serie, Supplemento, 11, 15 - 97.","Schmalfuss, H. (1992) The terrestrial isopod genus Porcellio in western Asia (Oniscidea: Porcellionidae). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie A, 475, 1 - 45.","Schmalfuss, H. (1998) The terrestrial isopod fauna of the central Near East countries: Composition and biogeography. Israel Journal of Zoology, 44, 263 - 271."]}

Porcellio mehrdadi sp. nov. Material examined. Holotype: male, 20 mm, Lordegan, 5 km to Atashgah fall, by the Khersan River, under the bark of a rotten tree, 21°16.4'N, 50°58.3'E, elev. 1460 m, 15 July 2015, leg. G.M. Kashani, A. Abedini & Z. Hatami (ZUTC 6498). Paratypes. same data as holotype, one male and two females (ZUTC 6499); same data as holotype, one male and one female (IRIPP Iso-1065); same data as holotype, one male and four females (PCGMK 2164); [1] Sarkhoon, 31°44.9'N, 50°32.8'E, 18 June 2016, leg. the authors, six males and eleven females (PCGMK 2323); [2] Sarkhoon to Lordegan, 31°40.3'N, 50°44.4'E, 18 June 2016, leg. the authors, one male and one female (PCGMK 2325); [4] Lordegan to Atashgah fall, 31°20.0'N, 50°54.7'E, 19 June 2016, leg. the authors, three males and two females (PCGMK 2333); [5] Lordegan to Atashgah fall, by the Khersan river, 31°16.8'N, 50°58.0'E, 19 June 2016, leg. the authors, two males and three females (PCGMK 2336); [6] Lordegan to Atashgah fall, by the Khersan river, 31°16.0'N, 50°58.4'E, 19 June 2016,leg. the authors, seven males and two females (PCGMK 2340); [3] Monj, 31°32.4'N, 50°58.0'E, 19 June 2016,leg. the authors, one male and one female (PCGMK 2343); [7] Dehdasht, Pirzal, 1 may 2002, leg. M. Rezaei, two males and twelve females (PCGMK 1273). Diagnosis. Cephalon with well developed quadrangular lateral lobes; male uropod exopodites elongated and pereopod VII ischium with setose areas on rostral surface and ventral margin. Description. Body flattened; length up to 20 mm in both males and females. Color pale brown to dark gray with usual muscles spots (Fig 2A –C). Head with well developed quadrangular lateral lobes; median lobe with incision in middle; vertex granulated with several pointed tubercles (Fig. 3 A). Antenna long and slender, surpassing posterior margin of pereon-tergite II; fifth article of peduncle longer than flagellum, with length: width ratio 10:1; flagellum with two articles, proximal one three times as long as distal one (Fig. 3 B). Pereon granulated with conspicuous pointed tubercles. Pereonite I with concave posterolateral margin (Fig. 3 A). Pereopod I ischium triangular, carpus with depression on rostral surface equipped with slender scales (Fig. 3 D). Pleon with continuous outline with pereon, granulated with tubercles (Fig. 3 E). Telson triangular, with concave sides and acute apex, not surpassing uropod-protopodites. Uropod exopodites as long as telson in females, up to three times as long as telson in males (Fig. 3 C). Pleopod exopodites I–II with monospiracular internal lungs (Fig. 4 B–C). Male: Pereopods I–II merus and carpus with brushes of setae. Pereopod VII ischium with concave ventral margin equipped with hairy brush of small setae, rostral surface with setose area (Fig. 3 E). Pleopod endopodite I straight, apex with line of short setae (Fig. 4 A); exopodite I with short rounded hind lobe, outer margin with row of small setae (Fig. 4 B). Pleopod endopodite II as long as exopodite; exopodite triangular with line of seta on outer margin (Fig. 4 C). Pleopod exopodites III–IV with concave outer margins (Fig. 4 D–E) bearing line of small setae. Pleopod exopodite V triangular with line of seta on outer margin (Fig. 4 F). Remarks. Porcellio mehrdadi sp. nov. is characterized by the well developed quadrangular lateral lobes of the head; male pereopod VII ischium with the setose areas on rostral surface and ventral margin, and elongated uropod exopodites. Schmalfuss (1992) revised the western Asian species of Porcellio in which P. evansi and P. obsoletus were reported from Iran. Geographically, the new species is distributed within the distributional range of P. evansi and it was found even syntopically with the latter species in one locality. The two species, however, differ in their coloration, in the shape of the head and telson and in possessing the setose areas on pereopod VII ischium. Etymology. The species is named after Mehrdad Rezaei who collected the species for the first time. Distribution. Southwestern Iran.

Porcellio obsoletus Budde-Lund, 1885 Material examined. Mazandaran, Pool to Kojoor, 27 July 2014, leg. G.M. Kashani, one male (PCGMK 1938). Remarks. Schmalfuss (1986) reported P. obsoletus from one locality in northern Iran (Fig. 1) and later (Schmalfuss 1992) suggested the separation of Iranian population from the main distribution area of the species has been occurred by the ecological barriers (steppe) or climate factors (e. g. temperature). In the present study, this species was found in just one locality (Fig. 1) indicating presumably the restricted distribution of the species in northern Iran. Distribution. Central Italy; Yugoslavia; Greece; southwestern Turkey; Cyprus; Lebanon; northern Syria; Crimea; northern Iran., Published as part of Kashani, Ghasem M., Ahdiyeh, Abedini & Zahra, Hatami, 2017, Terrestrial isopods of the genus Porcellio Latreille, 1804 (Isopoda; Oniscidea) in Iran, with a description of a new species, pp. 129-136 in Zootaxa 4311 (1) on page 133, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/847407, {"references":["Budde-Lund, G. (1885) Crustacea Isopoda terrestria per familias et genera et species descripta. Sumtibus Auctoris, Copenhagen, 319 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 109769","Schmalfuss H (1986) Landasseln aus Nord-Iran (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 66, 377 - 397.","Schmalfuss, H. (1992) The terrestrial isopod genus Porcellio in western Asia (Oniscidea: Porcellionidae). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie A, 475, 1 - 45."]}

Porcellio evansi Omer-Cooper, 1923 Porcellio rubidus Budde-Lund, 1885 Material examined. [53] Shiraz, 29��38.8'N, 52��34.2'E, 10 February 2008, leg. G.M. Kashani, one male and two females (PCGMK 1153); [54] Shiraz, by the Maharloo Lake, 29��26.8'N, 52��43.7'E, 11 February 2008, leg. G.M. Kashani, five males and three females (PCGMK 1154); [55] Shiraz, Zahed���Shahr, Gribaygan District, 28��35.9'N, 53��55.5'E, 12 February 2008, leg. G.M. Kashani, one male and one female (PCGMK 1155); [15] Qom, 16 October 2006, leg. G.M. Kashani, one male and three females (PCGMK 1119); [1] Piranshahr, 11 December 2007, leg. A. Mohammadyari, three males and two females (PCGMK 1157); [59] Minab, 27��19.3'N, 57��00.3'E, 25 Janyary 2007, leg. H. Salehi, one male and five females (PCGMK 1172); [11] Eslamabad���Gharb, Mahidasht, 34��02.6'N, 46��26.7'E, 30 May 2008, leg. G.M. Kashani, three males (PCGMK 1191); [10] Gilan ��� Gharb, 34��09.5'N, 45��53.7'E, 30 May 2008, leg. G.M. Kashani, three females (PCGMK 1192); [58] Bandarabbas, Kesharbala to Anguran, 27��15.0'N, 55��51.4'E, 25 February 2008, leg. unknown, one male and twenty females (PCGMK 1212); [31] Dezful to Andimeshk, by the Balarood river, 32��35.3'N, 48��17.2'E, 3 March 2008, leg. H. Salehi, M. Ghanbari & A. Kazemi, two females (PCGMK 1215); [52] Kazeroon to Konar���Takhteh, Bonaf village, 29��34.8'N, 51��30.4'E, 16 May 2008, leg. G.M. Kashani, two males and two females (PCGMK 1223); [49] Ahram, Khoon village, 28��54.4'N, 51��31.9'E, 17 May 2008, leg. G.M. Kashani, det. H. Schmalfuss, two females (PCGMK 1225); [56] Khonj, 27��50.9'N, 53��26.3'E, 18 May 2008, leg. G.M. Kashani, nine males and eighteen females (PCGMK 1230); [17] Kashan, Abyaneh village, 9 October 2008, leg. O. Mirshamsi, one male and two females (PCGMK 1322); [42] Lordegan, Atashgah fall, 31��14.4'N, 51��00.0'E, 5 June 2008, leg. H. Salehi, one male and four females (PCGMK 1323); [7] Sanandaj to Kamyaran, 35��10.2'N, 46��55.7'E, 30 September 2008, leg. G.M. Kashani, eight males and ten females (PCGMK 1336); [9] Kamyaran, Palangan village, by the Sirvan River, 35��05.2'N, 46��37.9'E, 30 September 2008, leg. G.M. Kashani, nine males and five females (PCGMK 1339); [8] Marivan, by the Zarivar lake, 35��32.0'N, 46��08.8'E, 1 October 2008, leg. G.M. Kashani, two males and five females (PCGMK 1342); [5] Baneh, 36��01.2'N, 45��50.2'E, 2 October 2008, leg. G.M. Kashani, one male (PCGMK 1351); [4] Baneh to Sardasht, 36��02.4'N, 45��45.8'E, 2 October 2008, leg. G.M. Kashani, one male and two females (PCGMK 1355); [72] Chabahar, 4 December 2008, leg. H. Salehi, two males and one female (PCGMK 1386); [23] Khorram���Abad, Zagheh, 33��29.0'N, 48��27.8'E, 12 November 2008, leg. G.M. Kashani, three males and four females (PCGMK 1388); [24] Poledokhtar, 33��07.0'N, 47��43.4'E, 12 November 2008, leg. G.M. Kashani, twenty one males and thirty four females (PCGMK 1392); [25] Poledokhtar to Andimeshk, Chamgerdab village, 32��56.2'N, 47��52.4'E, 12 November 2008, leg. G.M. Kashani, one male and five females (PCGMK 1396); [30] Andimeshk, 32��24.5'N, 48��08.8'E, 12 November 2008, leg. G.M. Kashani, one male and two females (PCGMK 1397); [29] Dehloran to Abdanan, 32��40.7'N, 47��28.4'E, 13 November 2008, leg. G.M. Kashani, three males and one female (PCGMK 1400); [27] Abdanan to Darre���Shahr, 33��05.7'N, 47��20.0'E, 13 November 2008, leg. G.M. Kashani, six females (PCGMK 1401); [28] Darre���Shahr to Poldokhtar, 33��07.4'N, 47��35.9'E, 13 November 2008, leg. G.M. Kashani, four males and one female (PCGMK 1404); [64] Ardakan, 32��20.4'N, 53��56.3'E, 8 December 2008, leg. G.M. Kashani, one male (PCGMK 1408); [61] Jiroft, 28��39.8'N, 57��45.8'E, 11 December 2008, leg. G.M. Kashani, four males and twenty four females (PCGMK 1415); [60] Zehkloot, 27��47.9'N, 58��34.0'E, 27 February 2009, leg. G.M. Kashani, one male and one female (PCGMK 1458); [66] Iranshahr to Sarbaz, 26��42.9'N, 61��06.5'E, 27 February 2009, leg. G.M. Kashani, one male and three females (PCGMK 1462); [65] Rask, 26��14.7'N, 61��23.57'E, 28 February 2009, leg. G.M. Kashani, det. H. Schmalfuss, one female (PCGMK 1463); [68] Sarbaz to Khash, Paskooh, 27��33.5'N, 61��38.4'E, 28 February 2009, leg. G.M. Kashani, seven males and twenty one females (PCGMK 1472); [69] Sarbaz to Khash, Pirsez village, 27��40.5'N, 61��20.4'E, 28 February 2009, leg. G.M. Kashani, one male and six females (PCGMK 1481); [70] Khash to Sangan, Chehzar village, 28��23.7'N, 61��11.7'E, 1 March 2009, leg. G.M. Kashani, two males and two females (PCGMK 1486); [71] Mirjaveh, 28��40.7'N, 61��14.7'E, 1 March 2009, leg. G.M. Kashani, five females (PCGMK 1489); [67] Iranshahr, 27��12.6'N, 60��41.7'E, 1 March 2009, leg. G.M. Kashani, three males and five females (PCGMK 1499); [62] Bam to Kerman, Abaragh village, 29��20.5'N, 57��56.5'E, 3 March 2009, leg. G.M. Kashani, one male and two females (PCGMK 1503); [63] Bam to Kerman, 10 km to Mahan, 29��59.0'N, 57��21.3'E, 3 March 2009, leg. G.M. Kashani, four males and four females (PCGMK 1505); [32] Shoush, 32��12.9'N, 48��11.4'E, 5 May 2009, leg. unknown, one male and one female (PCGMK 1570); [16] Qom, Langarood village, 2 April 2011, leg. G.M. Kashani, two males (PCGMK 1591); [57] Laar, Grash, 26 May 2012, leg. S. Hosseinie, one male and two females (PCGMK 1640); [6] Bijar, 10 April 2014, leg. G.M. Kashani, one female (PCGMK 1734); [2] Zanjan, Armaghankhaneh, Mari village, 36��59.9'N, 48��28.3'E, 12 May 2014, leg. G.M. Kashani, one male and four females (PCGMK 1759); [3] Zanjan, 23 September 2014, leg. S. Mohammadi, one male (PCGMK 1791); [26] Ilam, 27 March 2015, leg. M. Larti, three females (PCGMK 2075); [35] Ramhormoz, 23 March 2015, leg. M. Larti, one male and one female (PCGMK 2077); [22] Khorram��� Abad, Sarabe���Chegini, 5 July 2015, leg. G.M. Kashani, three males and one female (PCGMK 2091); [18] Arak, Khomein, 8 July 2015, leg. G.M. Kashani, two males and three females (PCGMK 2094); [36] Shahre���Kord, 3 Km to Horeh, 32��34.9'N, 50��49.3'E, 12 July 2015, leg. the authors, one female (PCGMK 2113); [38] Farsan to Chelgerd, Babaheydar village, 32��20.2'N, 50��27.0'E, 12 July 2015, leg. the authors, one female (PCGMK 2128); [37] Chelgerd to Samsami, 32��12.2'N, 50��16.8'E, 13 July 2015, leg. the authors, three males, two females and two juv. (PCGMK 2137); [39] Ardal to Jonaghan, 32��04.6'N, 50��39.9'E, 14 July 2015, leg. the authors, nine males and five females (PCGMK 2140); [46] Sisakht, Bayareh village, 30��50.2'N, 51��57.8'E, 16 July 2015, leg. the authors, one male and one female (PCGMK 2168); [47] Yasouj, Tolkhosrow to Perikdon, 30��35.0'N, 51��33.5'E, 16 July 2015, leg. the authors, one male (PCGMK 2173); [45] Choram, Dah���Mahalleh village, 30��46.1'N, 50��37.9'E, 17 July 2015, leg. the authors, three females (PCGMK 2186); [44] Dehdasht, Sough, by the Maroon river, 30��56.8'N, 50��25.5'E, 17 July 2015, leg. the authors, six males and twelve females (PCGMK 2192); [48] Gachsaran, 5 km to Babakalan, 30��13.8'N, 50��46.0'E, 18 July 2015, leg. the authors, five males and five females (PCGMK 2198); [51] Basht to Masiri, 2 km to Kopen, by the Shiv river, 30��19.5'N, 51��15.1'E, 19 July 2015, leg. the authors, six males and ten females (PCGMK 2204); [50] Masiri to Yasouj, 45 km to Yasouj, 30��28.4'N, 51��29.8'E, 19 July 2015, leg. the authors, two males and five females (PCGMK 2209); [40] Naghan to Sarkhoon, Dehno village, 31��54.5'N, 50��42.3'E, 18 June 2016, leg. the authors, two females (PCGMK 2317); [41] Sarkhoon to Lordegan, 31��40.3'N, 50��44.3'E, 18 June 2016, leg. the authors, one male and six females (PCGMK 2326); [33] Dehdez to Izeh, 22 km to Izeh, 31��49.0'N, 50��03.0'E, 19 June 2016, leg. the authors, four males and six females (PCGMK 2349); [34] Seydoon to Dishmook, Benshowar village, 31��18.5'N, 50��11.9'E, 19 June 2016, leg. the authors, one females (PCGMK 2355); [43] Qaleh Raisi, 31��09.9'N, 50��28.0'E, 20 June 2016, leg. the authors, four males and one female (PCGMK 2357); [73] Aghkand to Khalkhal, 37��25.2'N, 48��11.1'E, 25 July 2016, leg. G. M. Kashani, four males, four females and nine subadults (PCGMK 2390); [13] Hamedan to Malayer, Siahkamar village, 34��44.2'N, 48��44.8'E, 9 September 2016, leg. the authors, two males (PCGMK 2525); [19] 5 km N Boroujerd, 33��56.7'N, 48��40.6'E, 10 September 2016, leg. the authors, six males and five females (PCGMK 2534); [21] Aleshtar to Firouz Abad, 3 km to Firouz Abad, 33��54.0'N, 48��07.8'E, 10 September 2016, leg. the authors, one female (PCGMK 2546); [20] Barkhordar to Nahavand, Islam Abad village, 34��01.9'N, 48��14.1'E, 11 September 2016, leg. the authors, one male and one female (PCGMK 2552); [14] Firouzan, Chashmeh Mahi village, 34��20.1'N, 48��31.9'E, 12 September 2016, leg. the authors, five males and two females (PCGMK 2576); [12] Songhor to Ghorveh, Gerdakaneh Sofla village, 35��05.8'N, 47��33.7'E, 13 September 2016, leg. the authors, three males and three females (PCGMK 2586). Remarks. In his contribution to the species of the genus Porcellio in western Asia, Schmalfuss (1992) reported P. evansi from southern and western Iran. New records revealed that this species is broadly distributed in Iran (Fig. 1). The absence of this species in northern and eastern Iran seems to be due to the lack of proper habitats in these areas. Budde-Lund (1885) described Porcellio rubidus from Shiraz, Iran but that account remained the sole report for the species up to now. Schmalfuss (1992) identified the specimens from the same locality as P. evansi. All specimens collected from Shiraz and the adjacent districts in the present work were also identified as P. evansi demonstrating P. rubidus and P. evansi most probably belong to the same species. While the name evansi Omer-Cooper, 1923 has been widely used by the different authors (see bibliographies under P. evansi in Schmalfuss 2003), the name rubidus Budde-Lund, 1885 has never been used again after the original description. In accordance with the article 23. 9 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Porcellio rubidus is a senior synonym of P. evansi and should be deemed as nomen oblitum. Distribution. Southeastern Turkey; northern Syria; Iraq; Arabian Peninsula; Iran., Published as part of Kashani, Ghasem M., Ahdiyeh, Abedini & Zahra, Hatami, 2017, Terrestrial isopods of the genus Porcellio Latreille, 1804 (Isopoda; Oniscidea) in Iran, with a description of a new species, pp. 129-136 in Zootaxa 4311 (1) on pages 130-133, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/847407, {"references":["Budde-Lund, G. (1885) Crustacea Isopoda terrestria per familias et genera et species descripta. Sumtibus Auctoris, Copenhagen, 319 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 109769","Schmalfuss, H. (1992) The terrestrial isopod genus Porcellio in western Asia (Oniscidea: Porcellionidae). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie A, 475, 1 - 45.","Schmalfuss, H. (2003) World catalog of terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie A, 654, 1 - 341."]}