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Esta investigação insere-se na área de lazer e eventos, com um especial enfoque no comportamento do consumidor em Festivais de Música. Portugal é um dos países do mundo com maior tradição em Festivais de Música, uma tradição que se acentuou com os festivais de verão, suporte de uma atividade económica que se desenvolve ao longo de todo o ano. A relevância económica e social dos festivais e a pouca investigação em torno deste fenómeno justifica a pertinência desta tese, que analisa o comportamento dos festivaleiros e dos que por várias razões, nunca participaram e não têm intenções de vir a participar. Esta investigação adota um paradigma positivista, com uma metodologia mista. Elucida motivações, explora inibidores e facilitadores da decisão de forma a identificar intenções comportamentais. Distingue públicos (turistas e residentes) e reconhece diferentes contextos (antes e durante a pandemia COVID-19) bem como organizações alternativas (festivais tradicionais e festivais digitais). Com esta tese pretende-se analisar o processo de decisão turística de diferentes segmentos e em diferentes contextos. Numa primeira fase, estuda-se segundo a teoria ecológica dos sistemas dos facilitadores e inibidores da decisão de participação ou não participação, distinguindo residentes e turistas. Numa segunda fase desenvolve-se um modelo conceptual para analisar a decisão de participação em festivais, mais uma vez destacando as diferenças comportamentais entre turistas e residentes. Numa terceira fase, analisa-se a decisão de participação ou não participação em festivais realizados em formatos alternativos ao presencial, face à situação pandémica, com o objetivo de identificar caminhos alternativos para os festivais de música. Os resultados sugerem que existem diferenças na relação entre motivações, intenções comportamentais e perceções, quando os contextos e os públicos se alteram, sendo a segurança dos participantes um fator importante a ter em conta em contextos como uma pandemia mundial. This research has been developed in the area of leisure and events, with a special focus on consumer behavior at music festivals. Portugal is one of the countries in the world with the longest tradition of holding music festivals, a tradition that was later accentuated with summer festivals and now supports significant economic activity that takes place throughout the whole year. The economic and social relevance of festivals, and the little research surrounding this phenomenon justifies the relevance of this thesis. This thesis analyzes the behavior of festival goers and those people who, for various reasons, have never participated in, and have no intention of participating in, such festivals in the future. This research adopts a positivist paradigm, with a mixed methodology. It elucidates motivations, explores constraints and facilitators of decision making, in order to identify behavioral intentions. It distinguishes and defines audiences (tourists and residents) and recognizes different contexts (before and during the COVID-19 pandemic) as well as acknowledging alternative organizations (traditional festivals and digital festivals). This thesis intends to analyze the tourism decision making process of different segments and in different contexts. In the first phase, the ecological systems theory of the facilitators and constraints of the decision to participate or not to participate is studied, distinguishing between local residents and tourists. In the second phase a conceptual model has been developed to analyze the decision to participate in festivals, distinguishing between tourists and residents. In the third phase, the decision to participate, or to not participate, in festivals held in alternative formats to that of traditional (and previously normal) face-to-face festivals, in the face of the situation caused by the pandemic, is analyzed, with the aim of identifying alternative paths for music festivals. The results suggest that there are differences in the relationship between motivations, behavioral intentions and perceptions when contexts and publics change, such as the safety of participants being a vital factor to be taken into account in contexts such as the global pandemic.

Weeds that usually grow in non-agricultural areas have become increasingly common invading perennial crops. Species of the genus Filago, in addition to invading Spanish olive groves, have developed certain levels of natural tolerance to the acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicide flazasulfuron. The objective of this study was to determine the level and the mechanism involved in the tolerance to flazasulfuron in Filago pyramidata L., which occurs in olive groves of southern Spain, as well as to identify possible cross- or multiple-tolerances by evaluating alternative herbicides for its control. A population resistant (R) to flazasulfuron and a susceptible (S) one of Conyza canadensis were used as references. The accessions of F. pyramidata presented LD50 values (from 72 to 81 g active ingredient (ai) ha−1) higher than the field dose of flazasulfuron (50 g ai ha−1), being 11–12.5 times more tolerant than the S population of C. canadensis, but less than half the R population (170 g ai ha−1). Enzymatically, F. pyramidata was as sensitive to flazasulfuron (I50 = 17.3 μM) as the S population of C. canadensis. Filago pyramidata plants treated with flazasulfuron, combined with 4-chloro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole, had a growth reduction of up to 85%, revealing the participation of glutathione-S-transferases in herbicide metabolism. Filago pyramidata presented cross-tolerance to the different chemical groups of ALS inhibitors, except triazolinones (florasulam). Synthetic auxins (2,4-D and fluroxypyr) presented good control, but some individuals survived (low multiple resistance). Cellulose synthesis, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase, photosystem I, and photosystem II inhibitor herbicides, applied in PRE or POST-emergence, presented excellent levels of control of F. pyramidata. These results confirmed the natural tolerance of F. pyramidata to flazasulfuron and cross-tolerance to most ALS-inhibiting herbicides. The mechanism involved was enhanced metabolism mediated by glutathione-S-transferases, which also conferred low multiple tolerance to synthetic auxins. Even so, herbicides with other mechanisms of action still offer excellent levels of control of F. pyramidata.

A study was carried out to determine the ALS (acetolactate synthase)-inhibitor herbicide resistance in the Mexican grass Ixophorus unisetus, a troublesome weed in corn crops in Mexico. First, the resistance was confirmed in field screening assays. Eight populations that survived nicosulfuron treatment at a field rate of 40 g ai ha−1 were labeled as putative-resistant. Dose–response trials demonstrated a high resistance in the eight populations (GR50 from 140.33 to 245.46 g ai ha−1). The synergism of malathion plus nicosulfuron demonstrated that the non-target-site resistance (NTSR) mechanism based on cytochrome P450 (Cyt-P450) was involved in five populations of I. unisetus. Molecular studies revealed that a single-nucleotide change occurs in the amino acid at position 376 (from GAT to GAG), which codifies from Asp-376 to Glu-376. This is the first time that Asp-376-Glu has been reported in this species. Assays in vitro and in vivo demonstrated I. unisetus cross-resistance to flucarbazone, penoxsulam, bispyribac-Na, and imazamox. No multiple resistance was found in two resistant populations exposed to different herbicides. Our results indicate that the lack of good control over Mexican grass in corn with ALS inhibitors is due to target-site mutation and NTSR mechanisms (Cyt-P450-mediated metabolism). A strategy should be established in Mexican fields to continue controlling this weed, including mechanical control practices and a good combination of the available pre- and post-emergence herbicides.

The evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds has emerged as one of the most serious threats to sustainable food production systems, which necessitates the evaluation of herbicides to determine their efficacy. The first herbicide resistance case in the Iberian Peninsula was reported about 50 years ago, wherein Panicum dichotomiflorum was found to be resistant (R) to atrazine in Spanish maize fields. Since then, herbicide resistance has evolved in 33 weed species, representing a total of 77 single-herbicide-resistance cases in this geographic area: 66 in Spain and 11 in Portugal. Changes in agricultural practices, namely the adoption of non-tillage systems and the increased use of herbicides, led to the selection of weed biotypes resistant to a wide range of herbicides. Nowadays the most important crops in Spain and Portugal (maize, winter cereals, rice, citrus, fruits, and olive orchards) are affected, with biotypes resistant to several mechanisms of action (MoAs), namely: ALS inhibitors (20 species), ACCase inhibitors (8 species), PS II inhibitors (18 species), and synthetic auxin herbicides (3 species). More recently, the fast increase in cases of resistance to the EPSPS-inhibiting herbicide glyphosate has been remarkable, with 11 species already having evolved resistance in the last 10 years in the Iberian Peninsula. The diversity of resistance mechanisms, both target-site and non-target-site, are responsible for the resistance to different MoAs, involving point mutations in the target site and enhanced rates of herbicide detoxification, respectively. More serious are the 13 cases reported with multiple-herbicide resistance, with three cases of resistance to three–four MoAs, and one case of resistance to five MoAs. Future research perspectives should further study the relationship between management strategies and the occurrence of TSR and NTSR resistance, to improve their design, develop monitoring and diagnostic tools for herbicide resistance, and deepen the study of NTSR resistance

Bean plants with growth types and plant architecture that facilitate cultural practices and high productivity, have been an important requirement for farmers. However, overcoming competition with weeds becomes a limiting factor. This research was conducted to determine the period prior to interference (PPI) on bean cultivars of different types plant growth with an arbitrary level of 2.5%, 5% and 10% productivity loss. The experimental treatments consisted of eight coexistence periods of the crop and weeds: 0-10, 0-20, 0-30, 0-40, 0-50, 0-60, 0-70, 0-harvest days after emergence and a control plot that was kept weed-free throughout the study period. The experimental design was a random block design with four replications. The periods prior to interference were 21, 30 and 35 days for the BRS Pontal bean cultivar and 0, 5 and 12 days for the IPR Juriti cultivar, with the arbitrary levels of reduction of productivity of 2,5%, 5% and 10%, respectively, living with the infesting community composed predominantly of the species Digitaria sp., Portulaca oleraceae, and Eleusine indica. The architecture of the bean plant is of paramount importance in the choice of the farmer. However, 35 DAE of the bean plants, weed control must be don

Conventional crossing of soft wheat cultivars resistant to imazamox and glufosinate resulted in two (Rados and Helter) lines resistant to both herbicides. Stacked traits conferring this dual herbicide resistance in these lines, compared with a susceptible (S) cultivar, were characterized.Rados and Helter lines were ∼ 18‐fold more resistant (R) to glufosinate, and between 15.1 and 19.8‐fold more resistant to imazamox than the S cultivar. Resistance to glufosinate and imazamox decreased up to 12% and 50%, respectively, when the herbicides were applied sequentially. The basal activities of the acetolactate and glutamine synthases were similar between R and S plants. Rados and Helter lines were 11.7‐ and 17.7‐fold more resistant to imazamox than the S cultivar, due to the Ser653–Asn mutation in their imi‐ALS genes. R lines, susceptible to glufosinate at the target site level, showed lower ammonia accumulation evidencing the activity of the phosphinothricin acetyl transferase. Absorption and translocation patterns for 14C‐imazamox and 14C‐glufosinate were similar between R and S cultivars and so do not contribute to resistance. Stacked traits conferring dual herbicide resistance to the lines Rados and Helter come from the resistant parents. These R lines are potential tools for weed management in wheat production, mainly via herbicide rotation.

This study was supported by Projects AGL 2016–2078944-R (Spain) and CONACYT-242088 (Mexico). The authors would thank BASF International (Frankfurt, Germany) and Dr. C. Gauvrit (INRA-Dijon, France) for delivery 14C-imazamox and 14C-glufosinate, respectively, as well as Rafael Roldan for his assistance with the experiments, and the Dr. Antonio P. Martín from the Plant Breeding research group of the Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, IAS-CSIC, Cordoba, Spain, by the obtainment of wheat lines Rados and Helter. Dr. Phillip Villani (The University of Melbourne) revised and corrected the English language used in this manuscript., Convencional crossing of soft cultivars resistant to imazamox and glufosinate resulted in two (Rados and Helter) lines resistant to both herbicides. Stacked traits dual herbicide in these lines, compared with a susceptible (s) cultivar, were characterized.

A implementação de culturas perenes, em Portugal, sofreu nas últimas décadas grandes alterações quer na instalação da cultura quer nas técnicas de gestão. Este artigo revê a gestão das infestantes nas principais culturas perenes em Portugal, o que se julga pertinente dado que se tem verificado a implementação de sistemas de modo de produção biológica (MPB) e de produção integrada (MProdi). Por infestante, os autores, consideram as populações de uma dada espécie vegetal que acima de determinados níveis e sob condicionalismos ecológicos particulares sejam responsáveis por prejuízos "líquidos" (balanço benefícios-prejuízos negativo) inaceitáveis em termos económicos e/ou ecológicos ou sociais. Primeiramente, apresentam-se os dados de 2015 relativamente às áreas e produções das culturas perenes mais importantes em Portugal – vinha, olival, pomares de macieira, pereira e citrinos. De seguida, referem-se os principais prejuízos e benefícios das infestantes, salientando-se os estudos relativos aos prejuízos na vinha e os meios de controlo disponíveis mais adotados–mobilização do solo, controlo químico e enrelvamento, as vantagens e inconvenientes de cada método. Por último, refere-se a conveniência da integração das técnicas de gestão, de modo a potenciar os benefícios de cada uma e evitar as suas limitações., Revista de Ciências Agrárias, vol. 40 n.º 4 (2017)

In Portugal, glyphosate is widely used for weed control on perennial crops and non-cropping areas. It is considered an herbicide of high risk of resistance worldwide. Glyphosate resistance in Portugal was recently confirmed inConyza bonariensispopulations from intensive olive groves. This paper presents the results of a survey conducted for detecting glyphosate resistance in populations ofConyza canadensis. Whole plant dose-response bioassays were conducted to confirm resistance. ED50values ranged from 32.72 g.ha-1in susceptible population to 77.91 g.ha-1for the most resistant population. The resistance factor (RF = ED50R/ED50S) was around 2 for all populations. These values reflect a trend that all populations studied were resistant to glyphosate and laboratory tests to determine the mechanism of resistance are in course., O glifosato é o herbicida mais importante a nível nacional, utilizado principalmente para controlar infestantes em culturas perenes e em zonas não cultivadas. É considerado um herbicida de elevado risco de resistência. Em Portugal foi recentemente confirmada a resistência emConyza bonariensis, em olival intensivo. Neste trabalho apresentam-se os resultados da prospecção realizada para despistagem de resistência ao glifosato em populações deConyza canadensis. Para confirmação da resistência, realizaram-se ensaios de dose-resposta com planta inteira. Obtiveram-se valores de ED50entre 32,72 g.ha-1na população susceptível e 77,91 g. ha-1na população mais resistente, permitindo obter níveis de resistência (NR=ED50R/ED50S) ao glifosato de 2 para todas as populações. Os valores de NR superiores à unidade parecem traduzir a tendência de todas as populações apresentarem resistência ao glifosato. Estes resultados serão confirmados em ensaios de laboratório para determinação do mecanismo de resistência.

The teaching of integrated plant management (IPM) has been, since 1986, part of the curricula of training Polytechnic School of Agriculture in Beja (PSAB). It presents the evolution of the curriculum changes of syllabus of different courses that have been and are currently taught at PSAB. They refer to the courses in which these matters are the subject of study, with particular focus on the relative weight of these units will have in the curricula of the courses, including the adequacy of courses to the Bologna model. In parallel, reference is made to the evolution of teaching Weed management at PSAB. Teaching Phytopharmacology as an area of study related to crop protection is a recent area of education in the institution, as part of the curricula of the two Masters degreeswhich PSAB has created and startedin recent years., O ensino daProteção Integradatem feito parte desde 1986 dos curricula da oferta formativa da Escola Superior Agrária de Beja (ESAB). Apresenta-se a evolução das alterações curriculares dos planos de estudos dos cursos que foram e são atualmente ministrados na ESAB. Referem-se as unidades curriculares em que estas matérias são objeto de estudo, dando especial enfoque ao peso relativo que estas unidades de formação vão tendo nos planos curriculares dos cursos, nomeadamente com a sua adequação ao modelo de Bolonha. Paralelamente, faz-se referência à evolução do ensino daHerbologiana ESAB. O ensino daFitofarmacologia,enquanto área de estudo associada à proteção das culturas, constitui a área recente de ensino na instituição, fazendo parte dos planos de estudos de dois Mestrados em funcionamento, mais recentemente, na ESAB.

O ensino da Proteção Integrada tem feito parte desde 1986 dos curricula da oferta formativa da Escola Superior Agrária de Beja (ESAB). Apresenta-se a evolução das alterações curriculares dos planos de estudos dos cursos que foram e são atualmente ministrados na ESAB. Referem-se as unidades curriculares em que estas matérias são objeto de estudo, dando especial enfoque ao peso relativo que estas unidades de formação vão tendo nos planos curriculares dos cursos, nomeadamente com a sua adequação ao modelo de Bolonha. Paralelamente, faz-se referência à evolução do ensino da Herbologia na ESAB. O ensino da Fitofarmacologia, enquanto área de estudo associada à proteção das culturas, constitui a área recente de ensino na instituição, fazendo parte dos planos de estudos de dois Mestrados em funcionamento, mais recentemente, na ESAB., Revista de Ciências Agrárias, vol. 35 n.º 2 (2012)

Dissertação de Mestrado Em História - extinto apresentada à Faculdade de Letras A presente dissertação, sustentada na documentação produzida no reinado de D. Dinis, tem como principal objetivo o estudo da violência de cariz senhorial, relacionada com o desenvolvimento do direito e a implementação de políticas de centralização do poder régio. Para tanto, procedeu-se à análise da evolução da justiça no território português e das medidas adotadas por D. Dinis no âmbito do poder legislativo. Do mesmo modo, se considerou imprescindível o estudo da relação existente entre o monarca e a nobreza, sobretudo na sequência do desenvolvimento de uma política de centralização do poder, assim nos permitindo entender as tensões e alianças existentes, antes e depois, e suas consequências. No que à violência, em concreto, diz respeito, foi nossa pretensão compreender as circunstâncias e as intenções dos atos de violência. Analisaram-se, por isso, as diferentes práticas de violência, as suas justificações, os seus agentes e as suas vítimas, bem como se procurou escrutinar a ação do monarca no controlo da violência. No cruzamento das Inquirições Gerais, com a documentação da Chancelaria Régia e a produção legislativa se intercetaram relatos de práticas violentas, sobretudo sobre oficiais recebedores de direitos régios, contendas e conflitos entre linhagens em que o rei interfere, e leis nas quais o Rei penaliza malfeitores e quem os acolhe. . The aim of this dissertation is the study of the manorial violence directly relating it to the establishment of laws and the implementation of policies for the centralization of royal power, based on records produced during the reign of D. Dinis. To that end, it was necessary to evaluate of the advancement of justice in the Portuguese territory and the methods adopted by D. Dinis in the legislative framework. Moreover, we also found relevant to study the relationship between the monarch and the nobility, regarding the development of a policy for centralization of power as it allows us to understand the tensions, existing alliances and their consequences. With regard to violence, this study aims to understand what the circumstances were as well as the purposes of acts of violence themselves, their intermediaries and victims. The interception between the General Enquiries with the documentation from the royal chancellery and lawmaking gives us as an output narratives of violent practices mostly on collector officials of royal dues, quarrels and conflicts between linages in which the King intervenes, and the laws in which the King punishes the outlaws and those who dare to host them. .

Comunicación presentada al XVI Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Malherbología, celebrado en la Universidad Pública de Navarra entre los días 25 y 27 de octubre de 2017. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la dinámica temporal de la vegetación espontánea en un periodo de diez años (1997 y 2007), teniendo en cuenta los cambios en los sistemas culturales acaecidos con la adopción del riego. Los muestreos se realizaron siempre en las mismas parcelas. Se realizó un análisis de frecuencia, abundancia de las especies y grado de infestación. Para comparar los resultados en 1997 y 2007, se aplicó la metodología de análisis de varianza en los valores del índice Shannon-Wiener. El análisis canónico de la correspondencia se utilizó para complementar esta información. Nuestros resultados revelaron que la flora fue siempre muy diversa y, a pesar de la intensificación del sistema de producción agrícola, la biodiversidad aumentó con el tiempo. A continuación se hace una presentación del proyecto sobre la valorización económica del cardo (Cynara cardunculus) su variabilidad natural y aplicaciones biotecnológicas – ValBioTecCynara. The aim of this study was to assess the composition of weed communities starting from a rainfed farming system (1997), to the early period of transformation in agricultural systems with the adoption of irrigation (2007). The floristic assessment was made within a 10-year interval always in the same plots. Weed flora was determined by means of relative frequency, abundance and weed infestation degree. The effect of time was also evaluated by applying the methodology of variance analysis on the values of Shannon-Wiener Index. Canonical Correspondence Analysis was used to complement this information only for 2007 to know how the flora was distributed by the different cultures. Our results revealed that in both cases weed flora was of high diversity and, despite the intensification of the agricultural production system, biodiversity increased over time. Following it is presented one project about the economic assessment of cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) its natural variability and biotechnological applications – ValBioTecCynara. Los autores dan las gracias al proyecto ALT20-03-0145-FEDER-000038, designado por «ValBioTecCynara - Valorización económica del cardo (Cynara cardunculus) su variabilidad natural y aplicaciones biotecnológicas». Cofinanciado por el Programa Operacional Regional del Alentejo (ALENTEJO 2020), con la participación financiera FEDER.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:02:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-01-01 Weeds cause big losses in the crops yields. Drought combined with high temperatures can influence and enhance this effect. The present study was designed to determine the periods prior of weed interference on bean crops subjected to conditions of hydric comfort and drought, using two distinct approaches: arbitrary level of 5% productivity loss and tolerance level. The experimental treatments consisted of five coexistence periods of the crop and weeds: 0-15, 0-30, 0-45, 0-60, 0-harvest days after emergence and a control plot that was kept weed-free throughout the study period. The experimental design was a random block design with four replications. The periods prior of weed interference were consisted of 9 and 10 days of coexistence at the arbitrary 5% productivity loss and four and nine days at tolerance level for the conditions of hydric comfort and drought, respectively. Beta maritima was the major weed interfering in bean. Drought stress reduced the bean productivity up to 63%, where weeds reduced it by 65%. The tolerance level was more sensitive to abiotic stress influence in weed-crop interference. College of Agronomy Pará Federal University Department of Applied Biology São Paulo State University Department of Biosciences Instituto Politécnico de Beja Department of Applied Biology São Paulo State University

Numa era global onde a concorrência empresarial se apresenta cada vez mais competitiva, é necessário tornar os esforços mais sofisticados e estrategicamente planeados para que as organizações consigam atingir os objetivos a que se propõem. Devido à grande ascensão da utilização da informação dos meios digitais por parte dos consumidores, seja com fins comerciais, de pesquisa ou entretenimento, a necessidade de se realizarem estudos relativamente à lealdade no âmbito digital, tornaram possível uma nova conceptualização, intimamente ligada a novos comportamentos do consumidor, de lealdade digital. A revisão da literatura efetuada neste trabalho, permitiu compreender que a lealdade do consumidor, seja esta uma lealdade no meio tradicional ou no meio digital, é cada vez mais um fator competitivo para as empresas conseguirem manter relacionamentos duradouros e rentáveis com os seus clientes, intrínsecos a uma geração de valor para ambas as partes, tendo permitido conceptualizar a lealdade no meio tradicional e a lealdade digital, detalhando cada uma delas com as suas características especificas e diferenciadoras. Pretende-se com este trabalho clarificar os antecedentes da formação da lealdade digital, i.e., o valor, a qualidade, a confiança e o compromisso, com o objetivo de perceber se estes são factores muito importantes na construção da lealdade digital. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo de caso, exclusivo para o mercado português, de uma empresa digital a operar em Portugal (OLX, Inc.), através de um inquérito a utilizadores de internet, num estudo primário, quantitativo e aleatório que irá permitir (i) identificar e quantificar os utilizadores conhecedores da OLX, (ii) clarificar esses utilizadores conhecedores da OLX no respeitante à lealdade à marca e (iii) perceber se o valor, qualidade, confiança e compromisso são factores muito importantes no constructo da lealdade digital. O estudo realizado verificou que nem todas as variáveis se confirmam, de forma que existem factores que não são muito importantes no processo da construção da lealdade digital. In an era where global business competition appears increasingly competitive, it is necessary to make the most sophisticated efforts and strategical plans so that organizations can achieve their set goals. Due to a great rise in the use of information of the digital media by consumers, either for commercial, research or entertainment purposes, the need for further studies concerning loyalty in the digital context, made a new conceptualization possible, intimately linked to new consumer behaviour’s, of digital loyalty. The literature review performed in this paper allows us to understand that consumer loyalty, is becoming a more competitive factor for companies to succeed in maintaining lasting and profitable relationships with their customers, intrinsic to a valuable generation for both parties, having allowed to conceptualize loyalty in the traditional means and, digital loyalty, detailing each one of them with its specific and distinctive characteristics. With this paper we aim to clarify the background on the formation of digital loyalty, i.e. the value, the quality, the trust and the commitment in order to understand if these are fundamental and determinant factors in the construction of digital loyalty. To this end, we performed a case study, unique to the Portuguese market, about a digital company operating in Portugal (OLX, Inc.), through a survey for Internet users in a primary, quantitative, randomized study that will allow (i) identify and quantify knowing users of OLX, (ii) clarify these knowledgeable users with OLX in regard to brand loyalty, and (iii) realize if the value, quality, trust and commitment are key very important in the construction of digital loyalty. The study verified that not all variables are confirmed, so there are factors, which are not very important in the process of constructing digital loyalty.

Submitted by Marlene Nunes (marlene-isabel.nunes@europeia.pt) on 2016-03-23T10:06:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação M-MD - O Processo de Formação da Lealdade Digital - João Pedro Valente da Silva Africano Portugal 50029194.pdf: 3141183 bytes, checksum: a4e5e87b3827768d59756f8596400c3d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-23T10:06:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação M-MD - O Processo de Formação da Lealdade Digital - João Pedro Valente da Silva Africano Portugal 50029194.pdf: 3141183 bytes, checksum: a4e5e87b3827768d59756f8596400c3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-16

«Mecanismo de ação de um herbicida refere-se ao local primário onde atua um herbicida [...] Modo de ação é a sequência de eventos, a partir do efeito inicial do herbicida, que leva a planta daninha à morte»., «Os autores brasileiros manifestam seu reconhecimento à CAPES e ao CNPQ».

«A rotação de culturas é uma prática agrícola de origem milenar e, em várias civilizações da antiguidade, objetivava, principalmente, aumentar a diversidade de produtos colhidos, quando comparado à monocultura [...] continuamente. A rotação de culturas normalmente beneficia a espécie cultivada imediatamente na sequência a um cultivo favorável, como é o caso dos cereais cultivados posteriormente às plantas leguminosas [...]. Adicionalmente, diversos outros benefícios da rotação de culturas também se observam em longo prazo e alguns destes serão abordados nos Capítulos 6 e 7».

«A magnitude do prejuízo causado pelas infestantes nas culturas depende, entre outros fatores, do tempo em que elas estiverem convivendo. Considerando a situação de culturas anuais, o tempo de coexistência pode ser dividido em três categorias denominadas período anterior à interferência (PAI), período total de prevenção à interferência (PTPI) e período crítico de prevenção à interferência (PCPI). Para obter o PAI, há necessidade de conduzir experimento em campo [...]. Para obter o PTPI, também é necessário experimento de campo. Neste caso, cada tratamento consistirá em períodos em que as plantas são inicialmente eliminadas e, depois desse prazo, podem infestar a área. [...]. Para obter o PCPI, não há necessidade de experimentos adicionais. Basta obter a diferença entre PTPI-PAI. O PCPI indica o período em que, obrigatoriamente, a cultura deve permanecer sem infestações».