Search

Le mélanome est la forme la plus agressive et la plus mortelle des cancers de la peau. Une mutation activatrice dans les gènes BRAF ou NRAS est présente dans 95% des cas de mélanomes humains. L'importance de l'inflammation chronique et du microenvironnement tumoral dans le développement, la progression et le potentiel métastatique de cette maladie est bien établie. Les molécules chimioattractantes comme la chémérine jouent dans ce contexte un rôle clé via le recrutement sélectif de populations leucocytaires spécifiques exprimant le récepteur ChemR23. Lors de ma thèse, nous avons étudié le rôle de la chémérine, dans les différentes étapes de la carcinogenèse. Elle possède des propriétés antitumorales, et notamment dans le mélanome. Cependant, les mécanismes de base de son action in vivo restent à déterminer.Suite aux études sur le modèle murin, nous avons choisi d’utiliser le poisson-zèbre afin d’investiguer in vivo les fonctions de la chémérine dans la biologie du mélanome. En effet, les résultats chez le poisson-zèbre obtenus au sein de notre laboratoire, suggèrent que l'axe chémérine/ChemR23 est hautement conservé à travers le phylum des vertébrés. Pour évaluer les propriétés antitumorales de la chémérine, j’ai utilisé différentes stratégies préalablement établies et validées chez le poisson-zèbre :un modèle mosaïque utilisant le système MiniCoopR exprimant l'oncogène NRASQ61L, un modèle génétique stable de mélanome faisant intervenir l’oncogène BRAF sur fond d’absence d’une protéine p53 fonctionnelle, et un modèle de xénogreffe de tumeurs. Mes analyses comparant l’apparition et la progression tumorale entre des animaux invalidés pour le cluster b de la chémérine ou pour son récepteur cmklr1.1 et leurs contrôles WT démontrent de manière non ambigüe que les propriétés antitumorales du système chémérine/ChemR23 sont conservées chez le poisson-zèbre.En ouvrant la voie à l’utilisation du poisson-zèbre pour l’étude des mécanismes clés par lesquels la chémérine agit sur, Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine), info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Tissue macrophages are essential components of the immune system that also play key roles in vertebrate development and homeostasis, including in zebrafish, which has gained popularity over the years as a translational model for human disease. Commonly, zebrafish macrophages are identified based on expression of fluorescent transgenic reporters, allowing for real-time imaging in living animals. Several of these lines have also proven instrumental to isolate pure populations of macrophages in the developing embryo and larvae using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). However, the identification of tissue macrophages in adult fish is not as clear, and robust protocols are needed that would take into account changes in reporter specificity as well as the heterogeneity of mononuclear phagocytes as fish reach adulthood. In this chapter, we describe the methodology for analyzing macrophages in various tissues in the adult zebrafish by flow cytometry. Coupled with FACS, these protocols further allow for the prospective isolation of enriched populations of tissue-specific mononuclear phagocytes that can be used in downstream transcriptomic and/or epigenomic analyses. Overall, we aim at providing a guide for the zebrafish community based on our expertise investigating the adult mononuclear phagocyte system., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Background Two decades ago, the fish-specific monoclonal antibody 4C4 was found to be highly reactive to zebrafish microglia, the macrophages of the central nervous system. This has resulted in 4C4 being widely used, in combination with available fluorescent transgenic reporters to identify and isolate microglia. However, the target protein of 4C4 remains unidentified, which represents a major caveat. In addition, whether the 4C4 expression pattern is strictly restricted to microglial cells in zebrafish has never been investigated.Results Having demonstrated that 4C4 is able to capture its native antigen from adult brain lysates, we used immunoprecipitation/mass-spectrometry, coupled to recombinant expression analyses, to identify its target. The cognate antigen was found to be a paralog of Galectin 3 binding protein (Lgals3bpb), known as MAC2-binding protein in mammals. Notably, 4C4 did not recognize other paralogs, demonstrating specificity. Moreover, our data show that Lgals3bpb expression, while ubiquitous in microglia, also identifies leukocytes in the periphery, including populations of gut and liver macrophages.Conclusions The 4C4 monoclonal antibody recognizes Lgals3bpb, a predicted highly glycosylated protein whose function in the microglial lineage is currently unknown. Identification of Lgals3bpb as a new pan-microglia marker will be fundamental in forthcoming studies using the zebrafish model., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Two decades ago, the fish-specific monoclonal antibody 4C4 was found to be highly reactive to zebrafish microglia, the macrophages of the central nervous system. This has resulted in 4C4 being widely used, in combination with available fluorescent transgenic reporters to identify and isolate microglia. However, the target protein of 4C4 remains unidentified, which represents a major caveat. In addition, whether the 4C4 expression pattern is strictly restricted to microglial cells in zebrafish has never been investigated., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published