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Pasteurella multocida causes acute/chronic pasteurellosis in porcine, resulting in considerable economic losses globally. The draft genomes of two Indian strains NIVEDIPm17 (serogroup D) and NIVEDIPm36 (serogroup A) were sequenced. A total of 2182–2284 coding sequences (CDSs) were predicted along with 5–6 rRNA and 45–46 tRNA genes in the genomes. Multilocus sequence analysis and LPS genotyping showed the presence of ST50: genotype 07 and ST74: genotype 06 in NIVEDIPm17 and NIVEDIPm36, respectively. Pangenome analysis of 61 strains showed the presence of 1653 core genes, 167 soft core genes, 750 shell genes, and 1820 cloud genes. Analysis of virulence-associated genes in 61 genomes indicated the presence of nanB, exbB, exbD, ptfA, ompA, ompH, fur, plpB, fimA, sodA, sodC, tonB, and omp87 in all strains. The 61 genomes contained genes encoding tetracycline (54%), streptomycin (48%), sulphonamide (28%), tigecycline (25%), chloramphenicol (21%), amikacin (7%), cephalosporin (5%), and trimethoprim (5%) resistance. Multilocus sequence type revealed that ST50 was the most common (34%), followed by ST74 (26%), ST13 (24%), ST287 (5%), ST09 (5%), ST122 (3%), and ST07 (2%). Single-nucleotide polymorphism and core genome-based phylogenetic analysis clustered the strains into three major clusters. In conclusion, we described the various virulence factors, mobile genetic elements, and antimicrobial resistance genes in the pangenome of P. multocida of porcine origin, besides the rare presence of LPS genotype 7 in serogroup D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is a highly contagious and fatal disease of cattle and buffaloes and causes major economic losses to farmers. Though indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test has been used to detect a specific antibody against P. multocida, it has low specificity for sero-diagnosis of HS. Therefore, development of a rapid, highly sensitive and specific serological test is a prerequisite for detection of antibodies against HS. In this context, we explored an in-house ELISA method using recombinant antigens for detection of antibodies against P. multocida in bovines. nanH gene from P. multocida B:2 strain P52 was cloned and the recombinant mature protein with a C- and N-terminal truncation was produced as a fusion protein (~63 kDa) in Escherichia coli. The immunogenic potential of purified rNanH-Tr was assessed by the Western blot method using specific anti-rNanH-Tr antibody responses in sera collected from immunized rabbits. An indirect-ELISA based on rNanH-Tr was developed and optimized. Furthermore, the rNanH-Tr ELISA was applied to screen bovine serum samples (n=250). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for the detection of anti P. multocida specific antibodies indicated a diagnostic sensitivity of 86.2 (CI 73.26-96.80%) and specificity of 80.0 (63.06-91.56%). No cross reactivity was noted with antibodies against other bovine diseases (e.g., foot-and-mouth disease and brucellosis). Screening of random bovine serum samples showed a 22% sero-positivity for anti P. multocida specific antibodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal nutrition is keys to any animal husbandry productionsystem. Feed is the largest single cost item for livestock and poultry production, accounting for 60%-70% of the total cost in most years. Many research interventionsarein progress to reduce the feeding cost either by utilizationof unconventional feedor by applications of biotechnology tool to enhance the nutritional availability and digestibility of animal feed. Biotechnology in animal nutrition utilizes mainly recombinant DNA technology and fermentation technologies. These techniques are often based on the use of micro-organisms for the production of nutrients such as particular essential amino acids or complete proteins or to improve the digestibility of animal feeds. Thesetechnologiesare being used, to increase the quality of silage, to produce probiotics, to produce specific enzymes and hormones (somatotropin, phytase), to degrade fiber content in feed and fodder and, to alter ruminal flora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]