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1. Bio-energy Carriers as Back-up Fuel in Hybrid Solar Power Plants

Author: Jan Baeyens, Renaud Ansart, Yimin Deng, Gilles Flamant, Raf Dewil, Huili Zhang, Shuo Li, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), European Powder and Process Technology - EPPT (BELGIUM), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Beijing University of Chemical Technology - BUCT (CHINA), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven - KU LEUVEN (BELGIUM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - UPVD (FRANCE), Laboratoire Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire - PROMES (Perpignan, France), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de génie chimique [ancien site de Basso-Cambo] (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Energy carrier, business.industry, 020209 energy, Biomass, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Thermal energy storage, 7. Clean energy, Reliability (semiconductor), [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, Hybrid Solar Power, Concentrated solar power, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Environmental science, Génie chimique, Bio-energy, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Electricity, Fluidized bed combustion, 0210 nano-technology, business, Process engineering, Génie des procédés, Solar power
Abstract: Electricity from concentrated solar power (CSP) plants, gains an increasing interest and importance. To fully match the supply-demand principle, CSP processes include a thermal energy storage and back-up fuel supply. Novel CSP concepts are needed with specific targets of increased efficiency and reliability, and of reduced CAPEX and OPEX. The use of particle suspensions offers significant advantages since applicable in all sub-sections of the complete CSP as heat carrier from the receiver, to the heat storage, and ultimately to the power block. The use of particles in the steam generation (power block) is a common fluidized bed boiler technology. This paper will present the entire particle-based concept, while also discussing the potential to use biomass-based energy carriers as back-up heat supply. Process data and expected effects on the process economy of the system will be discussed.
Published: 2020
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2. Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation of Upflow BubblingFluidized Bed in Opaque Tube Under High Flux Solar Heating

Author: Gilles Flamant, Hadrien Benoit, Hervé Neau, Renaud Ansart, Olivier Simonin, Pablo García-Triñanes, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de génie chimique [ancien site de Basso-Cambo] (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), University of Greenwich, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), University of Greenwich (UNITED KINGDOM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - UPVD (FRANCE), Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse - IMFT (Toulouse, France), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UPS (FRANCE), Laboratoire Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire - PROMES (Perpignan, France), and Laboratoire de Génie Chimique - LGC (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: Convection, Environmental Engineering, Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, Mécanique des fluides, Gas–particle flow, 3D numerical simulation, 02 engineering and technology, Heat transfer coefficient, 7. Clean energy, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, 020401 chemical engineering, Concentrated solar power, Radiative transfer, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], 0204 chemical engineering, Euler–euler model, heat transfer fluid, Multiphase flow, Mechanics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Heat flux, Particle solar receiver, Heat transfer, Particle, 0210 nano-technology, Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; Solid particles can be used as a heat transfer medium in concentrated solar power plants to operate at higher temperature and achieve higher heat conversion efficiency than using the current solar heat transfer fluids that only work below 600°C. Among various particle circulation concepts, the dense particle suspension (DPS) flow in tubes, also called upflow bubbling fluidized bed (UBFB), was studied in the frame of the CSP2 FP7 European project. The DPS capacity to extract heat from a tube absorber exposed to concentrated solar radiation was demonstrated and the first values of the tube wall-to-DPS heat transfer coefficient were measured. A stable outlet temperature of 750°C was reached with a metallic tube, and a particle reflux in the near tube wall region was evidenced. In this article, the UBFB behavior is studied using the multiphase flow code NEPTUNE_CFD. Hydrodynamics of SiC Geldart A-type particles and heat transfer imposed by a thermal flux at the wall are coupled in two-dimensional unsteady numerical simulations. The convective/diffusive heat transfer between the gas and dispersed phase, and the inter-particle radiative transfer (Rosseland approximation) are accounted for. Simulations and experiments are compared here and the temperature influence on the DPS flow is analyzed.
Published: 2018
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3. Model-Based Predictive Control of a Solar Hybrid Thermochemical Reactor for High-Temperature Steam Gasification of Biomass

Author: Youssef Karout, Axel Curcio, Julien Eynard, Stéphane Thil, Sylvain Rodat, Stéphane Abanades, Valéry Vuillerme, Stéphane Grieu, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Technique Conversion et Hydrogène (DTCH), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and European Project: 823802,SFERA-III
Subjects: direct normal irradiance, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], solar hybrid thermochemical reactor, concentrated solar energy, syngas production, General Engineering, model-based predictive control
Abstract: The present paper deals with both the modeling and the dynamic control of a solar hybrid thermochemical reactor designed to produce syngas through the high-temperature steam gasification of biomass. First, a model of the reactor based on the thermodynamic equilibrium is presented. The Cantera toolbox is used. Then, a model-based predictive controller (MPC) is proposed with the aim of maintaining the reactor’s temperature at its nominal value, thus preserving the reactor’s stability. This is completed by adjusting the mirrors’ defocusing factor or burning a part of the biomass to compensate for variations of direct normal irradiance (DNI) round the clock. This controller is compared to a reference controller, which is defined as a combination of a rule-based controller and an adaptive proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller with optimized gains. The robustness of the MPC controller to forecast errors is also studied by testing different DNI forecasts: perfect forecasts, smart persistence forecasts and image-based forecasts. Because of a high optimization time, the Cantera function is replaced with a 2D interpolation function. The results show that (1) the developed MPC controller outperforms the reference controller, (2) the integration of image-based DNI forecasts produces lower root mean squared error (RMSE) values, and (3) the optimization time is significantly reduced thanks to the proposed interpolation function.
Published: 2023
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4. 3D numerical simulation of upflow bubbling fluidized bed in opaque tube under high flux solar heating

Author: Benoit, Hadrien, Ansart, Renaud, Neau, Herve, García-Triñanes, Pablo, Flamant, Gilles, Simonin, Olivier, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de génie chimique [ancien site de Basso-Cambo] (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Surrey (UNIS), Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - UPVD (FRANCE), University of Surrey (UNITED KINGDOM), Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse - IMFT (Toulouse, France), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UPS (FRANCE), Laboratoire Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire - PROMES (Perpignan, France), and Laboratoire de Génie Chimique - LGC (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: Tubular solar receiver, Tubular solar receiver- Gas-particle flow, Mécanique des fluides, 3D numerical simulation, Heat transfer fluid, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, TA, Génie chimique, Euler-euler model, Gas-particle flow, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Génie des procédés
Abstract: Solid particles can be used as a heat transfer medium in concentrated solar power plants to operate at higher temperature and achieve higher heat conversion efficiency than using the current solar Heat Transfer Fluids (HTF) that only work below 600 ◦C. Among various particle circulation concepts, the Dense Particle Suspension (DPS) flow in tubes, also called Upflow Bubbling Fluidized Bed (UBFB), was studied in the frame of the CSP2 FP7European project. The DPS capacity to extract heat from a tube absorber exposed to concentrated solar radiation was demonstrated and the first values of the tube wall-to-DPS heat transfer coefficient were measured. A stable outlet temperature of 750 ◦C was reached with a metallic tube, and a particle reflux in the near tube wall region was evidenced. In thispaper, the UBFB behavior is studied using the multiphase flow code NEPTUNE CFD. Hydrodynamics of SiC Geldart A-type particles and heat transfer imposed by a thermal flux at the wall are coupled in 3D unsteady numerical simulations. The convective/diffusive heat transfer between the gas and dispersed phase, and the inter-particle radiative transfer (Rosseland approximation) are accounted for. Simulations and experiments are compared here and the temperature influence on the DPS flow is analyzed.
Published: 2016

5. Solution Layer Deposition: A Technique for the Growth of Ultra-Pure Manganese Oxides on Silica at Room Temperature

Author: Vincent Collière, Jérôme Esvan, Eric Bêche, Pierre Fau, Yannick Coppel, Kilian Piettre, Bruno Chaudret, Jérémy Cure, Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), STMicroelectronics [Tours] (ST-TOURS), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire de physique et chimie des nano-objets (LPCNO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), STMicroelectronics, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), STMicroelectronics (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - UPVD (FRANCE), Laboratoire Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire - PROMES (Perpignan, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: Silicon, Layer deposition, Matériaux, Inorganic chemistry, Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, manganese amidinate, 02 engineering and technology, Manganese, Substrate (electronics), 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Synthesis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Génie chimique, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, magic angle spinning NMR, Metal oxide layers, MgO on, 010405 organic chemistry, solution deposition, Silica, General Medicine, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Magic angle spinning NMR, 0104 chemical sciences, Amorphous solid, contamination-free, Contamination-free, chemistry, metal oxide layers, 0210 nano-technology, Solution deposition, Manganese amidinate, Layer (electronics)
Abstract: International audience; With the ever increasing miniaturization in microelectronic devices, new deposition techniques are required to form high-purity metal oxide layers. Herein, we report a liquid route to specifically produce thin and conformal amorphous manganese oxide layers on silicon substrate, which can be transformed into a manganese silicate layer. The undesired insertion of carbon into the functional layers is avoided through a solution metal–organic chemistry approach named Solution Layer Deposition (SLD). The growth of a pure manganese oxide film by SLD takes place through the decoordination of ligands from a metal–organic complex in mild conditions, and coordination of the resulting metal atoms on a silica surface. The mechanism of this chemical liquid route has been elucidated by solid-state 29Si MAS NMR, XPS, SIMS, and HRTEM.
Published: 2016
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6. Comprehensive study of WSiC:H coatings synthesized by microwave-assisted RF reactive sputtering

Author: Aissatou Diop, Danielle Ngoue, Amine Mahammou, Babacar Diallo, Béatrice Plujat, Angélique Bousquet, Thierry Sauvage, Sébastien Quoizola, Mireille Richard-Plouet, Jonathan Hamon, Audrey Soum-Glaude, Éric Tomasella, Laurent Thomas, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (Nantes Univ - EPUN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), ANR-19-CE08-0019,NANOPLAST,Nanocomposites en couches minces élaborées par plasma pour applications solaires thermodynamiques sous concentration(2019), and ANR-10-LABX-0022,SOLSTICE,Solar Energy, Science, Technology and Innovation for Energy Conversion(2010)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Plasma processes, Optical emission spectroscopy, Thin films, Ion Beam Analysis, Materials Chemistry, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Abstract: International audience; WSiC:H coatings were elaborated by reactive magnetron sputtering of a W target in an Ar/Si(CH3)4 plasma assisted by ECR microwave sources. Such coatings can be very interesting for optical or mechanical applications. The development of these coatings is based on the confrontation between in-situ diagnostics of the reactive plasma phase and material characterization of the resulting coatings. The investigation by optical emission spectroscopy of the different phenomena occurring in the reactive plasma reveals that there is a precursor flow rate range where W particles can be favored in the reactive plasma, to promote the development of composite coatings based on a SiC:H matrix, in which W-containing particles or aggregates are present. Material charac-terization such as Scanning Electron Microscopy, Ion Beam Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy are used to study the impact of the plasma phase on the microstructure and chemical composition of the deposited materials.
Published: 2023
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7. Simulation et modélisation des transferts thermiques au sein des écoulements turbulents diphasiques à bulles

Author: Sonolet, Aymeric, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Instrumentation et d’Expérimentation en mécanique des Fluides et Thermo-hydraulique (LIEFT), Service de Thermo-hydraulique et de Mécanique des Fluides (STMF), Département de Modélisation des Systèmes et Structures (DM2S), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département de Modélisation des Systèmes et Structures (DM2S), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Perpignan, and Adrien Toutant
Subjects: Front-tracking, Volumes finis, Transferts thermiques, One-fluid formulation, Two-phase flow, Properties discontinuity, Discontinuité de propriétés, Formulations monofluide, Suivi d'interface, Interpolations à l'interface, Heat transfer, Écoulement diphasiques, Formulation conservative, [PHYS.MECA.THER]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], Conservative formulation, Finite volume, Interfacial flux interpolation
Abstract: This thesis is organised in two parts. The first part deals with the modelling of heat transfer in bubble flows in the absence of thermal property jumps. The code TrioIJK is used to simulate these flows with the interface tracking method, the single-fluid formulation and finite volume schemes. Examples of simulations in both single and two-phase channels are presented to showthe ability of the code to describe the temperature in turbulent flows. These studies allow a validation of the code under these conditions and new results concerning heat transfer as a function of the liquid Prandtl number. Finally, a detailed study with convergence in mesh has been carried out on the case of a homogeneous swarm of bubbles. It reveals correlations of heattransfers at the interfaces, in swarms, very close to the correlations deduced on single bubbles, but still presenting an intensification of the transfers of the order of 10% for Prandtl numbers in the studied conditions.In a second part, a search for a reliable numerical formulation for the simulation of flows with jump in thermal properties is conducted. The light and flexible 1D code FluidDyn is developed in Python. It is used to develop and validate new convection-diffusion schemes for bubble flows. Several studies are conducted in a case with property jumps and allow to derive a new one-dimensional conservative formulation. This formulation is finally adapted to the three-dimensional case, requiring in particular a certain number of calculations of intersections of meshes and interpolations, specific to the front-tracking. These geometricdevelopments also allow the analysis of the interpolated fields at the interfaces in the context of the temperature single-fluid formulation, which is essential for taking the interfacial statistics necessary to obtain the swarm correlations.; Cette thèse se compose de deux parties. La première s'intéresse à la modélisation des transferts de chaleur dans les écoulements à bulles sans variations de propriétés thermiques. Le code TrioIJK est employé pour simuler ces écoulements grâce à la méthode de suivi d'interface, la formulation monofluide et des schémas volumes finis. Des simulations de canaux monophasiques et diphasiques sont présentées pour montrer la capacité du code à décrire la température dans les écoulements turbulents. Les résultats permettent de valider le code et d'obtenir de nouvelles informations sur les transferts thermiques en fonction du nombre de Prandtl liquide. Enfin, une étude de convergence en maillage sur un essaim homogène de bulles pour différents nombres de Reynolds de bulles (avec un taux de vide de 6%) donne des corrélations des transferts thermiques aux interfaces dans les essaims. Les corrélations sont similaires à celles obtenues pour des bulles individuelles, mais une intensification des transferts d'environ 10% est observée pour des nombres de Prandtl proches de l'unité.Dans une seconde partie, une recherche de formulation numérique fiable pour la simulation d'écoulements avec saut de propriétés thermiques est menée. Le code 1D léger et souple FluidDyn est développé en Python. Il sert à développer et valider de nouveaux schémas de convection-diffusion pour des écoulements à bulles. Plusieurs études sont menées dans un casdiphasique 1D avec des sauts de propriétés et permettent de dégager une nouvelle formulation conservative unidimensionnelle. Cette formulation est finalement adaptée au cas tri-dimensionnel, demandant notamment un certain nombre de calculs d'intersections de géométries et d'interpolations, spécifiques au suivi d'interface. Ces développementsgéométriques permettent aussi l'analyse des champs interpolés aux interfaces dans le cadre de la formulation monofluide en température, indispensable pour la prise de statistiques interfaciales nécessaire à l'obtention des corrélations en essaim.
Published: 2023

8. Dynamic simulation of a solar-autothermal hybridized gasifier: Model principle, experimental validation and parametric study

Author: Axel Curcio, Sylvain Rodat, Valéry Vuillerme, Stéphane Abanades, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Technique Conversion et Hydrogène (DTCH), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and European Project: 823802,SFERA-III
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], General Chemical Engineering, Hybrid solar reactor, Environmental Chemistry, Solar fuels Gasification Hybrid solar reactor Biomass Char Dynamic modelling, General Chemistry, Biomass, Char, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Solar fuels, Gasification, Dynamic modelling
Abstract: International audience; Solar thermochemical fuel production technologies, such as biomass gasification, are confronted to the intermittency of solar irradiance. The development of dynamic simulation tools is thus required to design around-the-clock control strategies. An innovative model was developed here, based on unsteady mass and energy conservation equations, considering gas-phase thermodynamic equilibrium and heterogeneous char oxidation kinetics. The accumulation of char and gas species production rates were therefore tracked throughout operation, giving insight into the reactor dynamics with optimized computational cost. The model was validated via a comparison with experimental results, regarding both thermal and chemical reactor performances. Simulations reliably predicted the evolution of reactor temperatures and syngas production rates, under both solar-only and hybridized (solar-autothermal) operation. Parametric studies regarding the impact of reactants injection rates on steady-state performances were finally proposed. Steam addition (0.22 to 0.60 g/min) increased the syngas H$_ 2$:CO molar ratio significantly (1.13 to 1.47). Biomass addition (1 to 3 g/min) boosted the solar-to-fuel efficiency (0.22 to 0.47), but altered the reactor temperature. Finally, oxygen addition kept the reactor running despite fluctuations of solar power, while decreasing the total H$_2$ +CO production and cold-gas efficiency linearly. A constant H$_2$ +CO production (2.17 NL/min) could however be achieved by feeding additional biomass and oxygen during hybridization, thus limiting the cold-gas efficiency decrease and improving the reactor energy efficiency (0.29 to 0.40). Such a dynamic reactor model can be further applied to hybridized gasification process optimization and dynamic control under real fluctuating solar irradiation conditions.
Published: 2023
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9. Detection of two power-law tails in the probability distribution functions of massive GMCs

Author: Nicola Schneider, D. Russeil, S. Pezzuto, Frédérique Motte, Volker Ossenkopf, L. Spinoglio, M. Benedettini, S. Bontemps, Timea Csengeri, T. Rayner, Alain Abergel, J. Di Francesco, P. Didelon, Philipp Girichidis, L. D. Anderson, A. Rivera-Ingraham, Ralf S. Klessen, Matthew Joseph Griffin, Pascal Tremblin, T. Hill, A. Zavagno, D. Arzoumanian, Ph. André, FORMATION STELLAIRE 2015, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik (MPA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, School of Physics and Astronomy [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), National Radio Astronomy Observatory [Green Bank] (NRAO), National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Morgantown], West Virginia University [Morgantown], Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, National Research Council of Canada (NRC), Joint ALMA Observatory (JAO), European Southern Observatory (ESO)-National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg (ZAH), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Operations Department (ESAC), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), University of Exeter, ANR-11-BS56-0010,STARFICH,Vers une vision unifiée de la formation stellaire dans les galaxies : Origine de la structure filamentaire du milieu interstellaire, des cœurs pré-stellaires et des amas protostellaires vus avec Herschel(2011), European Project: 291294,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,ORISTARS(2012), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] ( LAB ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire ( PROMES ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale ( IAS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), National Radio Astronomy Observatory [Green Bank] ( NRAO ), National Radio Astronomy Observatory ( NRAO ), School of Physics & Astronomy [Cardiff], Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille ( LAM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maison de la Simulation (MDLS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)
Subjects: Physics, dust extinction, Angular momentum, extinction, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Extinction (astronomy), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Power law, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, ISM: clouds, Space and Planetary Science, [ SDU.ASTR.CO ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Gravitational collapse, Log-normal distribution, Optical depth (astrophysics), Range (statistics), Probability distribution, clouds dust, ISM, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: We report the novel detection of complex high-column density tails in the probability distribution functions (PDFs) for three high-mass star-forming regions (CepOB3, MonR2, NGC6334), obtained from dust emission observed with Herschel. The low column density range can be fit with a lognormal distribution. A first power-law tail starts above an extinction (Av) of ~6-14. It has a slope of alpha=1.3-2 for the rho~r^-alpha profile for an equivalent density distribution (spherical or cylindrical geometry), and is thus consistent with free-fall gravitational collapse. Above Av~40, 60, and 140, we detect an excess that can be fitted by a flatter power law tail with alpha>2. It correlates with the central regions of the cloud (ridges/hubs) of size ~1 pc and densities above 10^4 cm^-3. This excess may be caused by physical processes that slow down collapse and reduce the flow of mass towards higher densities. Possible are: 1. rotation, which introduces an angular momentum barrier, 2. increasing optical depth and weaker cooling, 3. magnetic fields, 4. geometrical effects, and 5. protostellar feedback. The excess/second power-law tail is closely linked to high-mass star-formation though it does not imply a universal column density threshold for the formation of (high-mass) stars., MNRAS Letters, accepted 20.7.2015, in press
Published: 2015
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10. XPS and AES studies of UHTC ZrB2-SiC-Si3N4 treated with solar energy

Author: Beche, Eric, Balat-Pichelin, Marianne, Flaud, Valérie, Esvan, Jérôme, Duguet, Thomas, Sciti, Diletta, Alfano, Davide, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR (ITALY), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier - ENSCM (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali Ceramici - ISTEC (ITALY), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Montpellier 1 (FRANCE), Université de Montpellier 2 (FRANCE), Centro Italiano di Ricerche Aerospaziali - CIRA (ITALY), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UPS (FRANCE), Laboratoire Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire - PROMES (Perpignan, France), Institut Charles Gerhardt - ICG (Montpellier, France), Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux - CIRIMAT (Toulouse, France), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), CNR Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali Ceramici (CNR-ISTEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Centro Italiano Ricerche Aerospaziali (CIRA ), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: AES, Ultra-high-temperature ceramics, Matériaux, XPS, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Silicon carbide, Zirconium diboride, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract: International audience; The microstructure of ultra-high-temperature ceramics based on the ZrB2–SiC composition and a sintering additive (Si3N4) was investigated using XPS and AES techniques. These ZrB2–SiC–Si3N4 materials were treated in air plasma at high temperature (T > 1750 K) in the MESOX facility developed at the PROMES-CNRS laboratory (Moyen d'Essai Solaire d'OXydation for the measurement of atomic oxygen recombination coefficients). The surfaces were characterized before and after the air plasma treatment. Surface modifications were observed and induced by the oxidation process. The elementary composition was determined using AES and XPS. Core level spectroscopy (XPS) was used to determine the atomic composition and the nature of the chemical bonds from the Zr 3d3/2,5/2, Si 2p1/2,3/2, O 1s and C 1s photoelectron peaks. The microstructural analyses revealed the presence of oxide layers: Silica and zirconia compounds were detected at temperatures near 1800 K, and a zirconia compound was mainly detected above 2200 K.
Published: 2014
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11. ON-LINE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT IN A PLASMA REACTOR FOR FULLERENE SYNTHESIS

Author: Stéphane Abanades, Thomas Gruenberger, Frédéric Fabry, Jose Gonzales-Aguilar, J. M. Badie, Gilles Flamant, Laurent Fulcheri, Institut De Science Et De Génie Des Matériaux Et Procédés (IMP-CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), CEP/Sophia, Centre Énergétique et Procédés (CEP), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Erachem Comilog SA
Subjects: Materials science, Fullerene, C 2 Swan band, Nozzle, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Plasma reactor, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Temperature measurement, Hβ line, Physics::Plasma Physics, Critical point (thermodynamics), Vaporization, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Graphite, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, General Medicine, Plasma, Thermal plasma, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Optical Emission Spectroscopy (O.E.S.), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Vaporization of carbon particles injected in a plasma flow is an alternative to existing processes for mass production of fullerenes. In order to obtain a large fullerene-soot production the residence time of particle at temperature larger than the vaporization temperature must be large enough. This critical point was checked in the pilot reactor by OES. The helium plasma was generated inside a carbon nozzle by a 3-phase AC plasma source using graphite electrodes. The plasma flow was then cooled in a graphite cylinder. Plasma temperature was measured using Hβ line and C2 Swan band in the upper part of the nozzle and at the entrance of the cylinder respectively. The results show that inside this volume, the plasma temperature is larger than or equal to 4500K and is very sensitive to the arc current.
Published: 2023
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12. A hybrid transport-diffusion model for radiative transfer in absorbing and scattering media

Author: Nicolas Crouseilles, Cyril Caliot, Pedro J. Coelho, Maxime Roger, Centre d'Energétique et de Thermique de Lyon (CETHIL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Invariant Preserving SOlvers (IPSO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Departamento de Engenharia Mecanica [Lisboa] (DEM), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA)-Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), Centre d'Energétique et de Thermique de Lyon ( CETHIL ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire ( PROMES ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes ( IRMAR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST-École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Invariant Preserving SOlvers ( IPSO ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ), Departamento de Engenharia Mecanica [Lisboa] ( DEM ), Universidade de Lisboa ( ULISBOA ) -Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa ( IST ), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA)-Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), and ANR-11-LABX-0020,LEBESGUE,Centre de Mathématiques Henri Lebesgue : fondements, interactions, applications et Formation(2011)
Subjects: Diffusion equation, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Discrete ordinates method, Monte Carlo method, 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, hybrid transport-diffusion model, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph], Atmospheric radiative transfer codes, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph], Photon transport in biological tissue, 0103 physical sciences, Radiative transfer, Statistical physics, 0101 mathematics, Diffusion (business), Physics, Numerical Analysis, Mesoscopic physics, Applied Mathematics, Computer Science Applications, Computational physics, Computational Mathematics, Modeling and Simulation, Convection–diffusion equation, multi-scale model
Abstract: A new multi-scale hybrid transport-diffusion model for radiative transfer is proposed in order to improve the efficiency of the calculations close to the diffusive regime, in absorbing and strongly scattering media. In this model, the radiative intensity is decomposed into a macroscopic component calculated by the diffusion equation, and a mesoscopic component. The transport equation for the mesoscopic component allows to correct the estimation of the diffusion equation, and then to obtain the solution of the linear radiative transfer equation. In this work, results are presented for stationary and transient radiative transfer cases, in examples which concern solar concentrated and optical tomography applications. The Monte Carlo and the discrete-ordinate methods are used to solve the mesoscopic equation. It is shown that the multi-scale model allows to improve the efficiency of the calculations when the medium is close to the diffusive regime. The proposed model is a good alternative for radiative transfer at the intermediate regime where the macroscopic diffusion equation is not accurate enough and the radiative transfer equation requires too much computational effort.
Published: 2014
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13. Integral formulation of null-collision Monte Carlo algorithms

Author: Vincent Eymet, Christophe Coustet, Anaïs Khuong, Jacques Gautrais, Cyril Caliot, Richard Fournier, Mathieu Galtier, Guillaume Terrée, B. Piaud, M. El Hafi, Jérémi Dauchet, Stéphane Blanco, Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement ( RAPSODEE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux ( IMT Mines Albi ), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie ( LAPLACE ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire ( PROMES ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), HPC-SA, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand ( ENSCCF ), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale [Toulouse] ( CRCA ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement (RAPSODEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Groupe de Recherche Energétique, Plasmas et Hors Equilibre (LAPLACE-GREPHE), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ENSCCF), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale - UMR5169 (CRCA), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and IMT Mines Albi, IMT Mines Albi
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], Monte Carlo method, 02 engineering and technology, Integral formulation, 01 natural sciences, Upper and lower bounds, Hybrid Monte Carlo, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Radiative transfer, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Monte Carlo, Spectroscopy, Monte Carlo algorithm, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mathematics, Heterogeneous media, Radiation, 020207 software engineering, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Null-collision, Dynamic Monte Carlo method, Monte Carlo integration, Algorithm, Monte Carlo molecular modeling
Abstract: International audience; At the kinetic level, the meaning of null-collisions is straightforward: they correspond to pure-forward scattering events. We here discuss their technical significance in integral terms. We first consider a most standard null-collision Monte Carlo algorithm and show how it can be rigorously justified starting from a Fredholm equivalent to the radiative transfer equation. Doing so, we also prove that null-collision algorithms can be slightly modified so that they deal with unexpected occurrences of negative values of the null-collision coefficient (when the upper bound of the heterogeneous extinction coefficient is nonstrict). We then describe technically, in full details, the resulting algorithm, when applied to the evaluation of the local net-power density within a bounded, heterogeneous, multiple scattering and emitting/absorbing medium. The corresponding integral formulation is then explored theoretically in order to distinguish the statistical significance of introducing null-collisions from that of the integral-structure underlying modification.
Published: 2013
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14. Orientational Selectivity of Hot Electrons Generated by a Dimer of Plasmonic Nanoparticles

Author: Maxime S. Maurice, Noémi Barros, Hamid Kachkachi, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Plasmonic nanoparticles, Materials science, Dimer, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, General Energy, chemistry, Chemical physics, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, Selectivity, Hot electron, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021
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15. Detection of O3 and NH3 using hybrid tin dioxide/carbon nanotubes sensors: Influence of materials and processing on sensor's sensitivity

Author: Eric Bêche, Matthieu Paillet, Christophe Mavon, Jean-Baptiste Sanchez, Jean-Louis Bantignies, Franck Berger, Boutheina Ghaddab, Ahmed Azmi Zahab, Romain Parret, Valérie Flaud, Laboratoire de chimie physique et rayonnements (UMR E4) ( LCPR ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire des colloïdes, verres et nanomatériaux ( LCVN ), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Charles Coulomb ( L2C ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier ( ICGM ICMMM ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier ( ENSCM ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire ( PROMES ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de chimie physique et rayonnements (UMR E4) (LCPR), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Laboratoire des colloïdes, verres et nanomatériaux (LCVN), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: Materials science, Annealing (metallurgy), Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Carbon nanotube, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Dip-coating, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, law, Materials Chemistry, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation, Sol-gel, Tin dioxide, business.industry, Metals and Alloys, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Tin oxide, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, chemistry, [ CHIM.THEO ] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, symbols, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Raman spectroscopy, Hybrid material
Abstract: International audience; A tin oxide (SnO2)/arc-discharge single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) hybrid material based sensor was developed for the detection of NH3 and O3 at room temperature. The gas sensitive composite thin films were prepared using sol gel and dip coating techniques, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Overall, the hybrid material based sensor is found to have an enhanced sensitivity as compared to pure SnO2 or pure SWNTs based sensors. An optimum annealing temperature of the composite of 300 °C was determined. The detection limit at room temperature was evaluated at 1 ppm and lower than 20 ppb for NH3 and O3, respectively. Moreover, the hybrid sensor exhibited a fast response (few minutes), a good sensitivity and a full recovery at room temperature. The sensor efficiency has also been demonstrated to strongly depend on the SWNT source used for sensor fabrication (4 different commercial sources have been tested). These results open the way towards further optimized hybrid sensors.
Published: 2011
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16. Coupling radiative, conductive and convective heat-transfers in a single Monte Carlo algorithm: a general theoretical framework for linear situations

Author: Jean Marc Tregan, Jean Luc Amestoy, Megane Bati, Jean-Jacques Bezian, Stéphane Blanco, Laurent Brunel, Cyril Caliot, Julien Charon, Jean-Francois Cornet, Christophe Coustet, Louis d’Alençon, Jeremi Dauchet, Sebastien Dutour, Simon Eibner, Mouna El Hafi, Vincent Eymet, Olivier Farges, Vincent Forest, Richard Fournier, Mathieu Galtier, Victor Gattepaille, Jacques Gautrais, Zili He, Frédéric Hourdin, Loris Ibarrart, Jean-Louis Joly, Paule Lapeyre, Pascal Lavieille, Marie-Helene Lecureux, Jacques Lluc, Marc Miscevic, Nada Mourtaday, Yaniss Nyffenegger-Péré, Lionel Pelissier, Lea Penazzi, Benjamin Piaud, Clément Rodrigues-Viguier, Gisele Roques, Maxime Roger, Thomas Saez, Guillaume Terrée, Najda Villefranque, Thomas Vourc’h, Daniel Yaacoub, LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), Structural Models and Tools in Computer Graphics (IRIT-STORM), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Groupe de Recherche Energétique, Plasmas et Hors Equilibre (LAPLACE-GREPHE), PhotonLyx Technology S.L., Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement (RAPSODEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institut Pascal (IP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Méso-Star, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire Énergies et Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée (LEMTA ), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Energétique et de Thermique de Lyon (CETHIL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale - UMR5169 (CRCA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Education, Formation, Travail, Savoirs (EFTS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA), LTZ Electronique, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Région Occitanie, France (Projet 1260 CLE EDSTAR), French government research 1261 program 'Investissements d'Avenir' through the IDEX-ISITE initiative 16-IDEX-0001 1262 (CAP 20-25), ANR-16-CE01-0010,HIGH-TUNE,Amélioration et calibration des paramétrisations des nuages de couche limite à partir de simulations haute résolution(2016), ANR-18-CE46-0012,MCG-Rad,Calcul par Monte-Carlo des forçages radiatifs à l'échelle globale(2018), ANR-10-LABX-0016,IMoBS3,Innovative Mobility : Smart and Sustainable Solutions(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0022,SOLSTICE,Solar Energy, Science, Technology and Innovation for Energy Conversion(2010), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Blanco, Stephane, Amélioration et calibration des paramétrisations des nuages de couche limite à partir de simulations haute résolution - - HIGH-TUNE2016 - ANR-16-CE01-0010 - AAPG2016 - VALID, APPEL À PROJETS GÉNÉRIQUE 2018 - Calcul par Monte-Carlo des forçages radiatifs à l'échelle globale - - MCG-Rad2018 - ANR-18-CE46-0012 - AAPG2018 - VALID, Laboratoires d'excellence - Innovative Mobility : Smart and Sustainable Solutions - - IMoBS32010 - ANR-10-LABX-0016 - LABX - VALID, Laboratoires d'excellence - Solar Energy, Science, Technology and Innovation for Energy Conversion - - SOLSTICE2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0022 - LABX - VALID, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et de leurs Applications [Pau] (LMAP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Supérieure des Techniques Aéronautiques et de Construction Automobile (ESTACA), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Université de Lyon, and Université de Lorraine (UL)
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], [SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph], [INFO] Computer Science [cs], 64 pages, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI.MECA.THER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], [SPI.MECA.THER] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Thermics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract: International audience; It was recently shown that radiation, conduction and convection can be combined within a single Monte Carlo algorithm and that such an algorithm immediately benefits from state-of-the-art computer-graphics advances when dealing with complex geometries. The theoretical foundations that make this coupling possible are fully exposed for the first time, supporting the intuitive pictures of continuous thermal paths that run through the different physics at work. First, the theoretical frameworks of propagators and Green’s functions are used to demonstrate that a coupled model involving different physical phenomena can be probabilized. Second, they are extended and made operational using the Feynman-Kac theory and stochastic processes. Finally, the theoretical framework is supported by a new proposal for an approximation of coupled Brownian trajectories compatible with the algorithmic design required by ray-tracing acceleration techniques in highly refined geometry.
Published: 2022
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17. Advection, diffusion and linear transport in a single path-sampling Monte-Carlo algorithm : getting insensitive to geometrical refinement

Author: Ibarrart, Loris, Blanco, Stéphane, Caliot, Cyril, Dauchet, Jérémi, Eibner, Simon, El-Hafi, Mouna, Farges, Olivier, Forest, Vincent, Fournier, Richard, Gautrais, Jacques, Konduru, Raj, Penazzi, Léa, Tregan, Jean-Marc, Vourc’h, Thomas, Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement (RAPSODEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pascal (IP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Laboratoire Énergies et Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée (LEMTA ), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Meso-Star, Groupe de Recherche Energétique, Plasmas et Hors Equilibre (LAPLACE-GREPHE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CE01-0010,HIGH-TUNE,Amélioration et calibration des paramétrisations des nuages de couche limite à partir de simulations haute résolution(2016), ANR-21-CE46-0013,MC2,Simulations Monte-Carlo pour la Météorologie et la Climatologie(2021), ANR-18-CE46-0012,MCG-Rad,Calcul par Monte-Carlo des forçages radiatifs à l'échelle globale(2018), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), ANR-10-LABX-0016,IMoBS3,Innovative Mobility : Smart and Sustainable Solutions(2010), and ANR-10-LABX-0022,SOLSTICE,Solar Energy, Science, Technology and Innovation for Energy Conversion(2010)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], [SPI.MECA.THER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an]
Abstract: We address the question of numerically simulating the coupling of diffusion, advection and one-speed linear transport with the specific objective of handling increases of the amount, the geometrical refinement and the accuracy level of input data. The computer graphics research community has succeeded in designing Monte Carlo algorithms simulating linear radiation transport in physically realistic scenes with numerical costs that are insensitive to geometrical refinement: adding more details to the scene description does not affect the computation time. The corresponding benefits in terms of engineering flexibility are already fully integrated in the cinema industry and are gradually inherited by the video game industry. We show here that the same insensitivity to the complexity of the geometrical description can also be achieved when considering one-speed linear transport not only alone but coupled with diffusion and advection. Pure linear-transport paths are replaced with advection-diffusion/linear-transport paths constituted of subpaths, each representing one of the three physical phenomena in a recursive manner. Illustration is made with a porous medium involving up to 10000 pores, the computation time being strictly independent of the number of pores.
Published: 2022

18. Finite Element Solver for Thermo-Hydraulic Optimization of Architected Ceramics (NExT I-Site industrial partnership program: OPTHOCERA): project overview

Author: Rousseau, Benoit, Ouchtout, Salih, Delmas, Jérôme, Le Bozec, Christophe, Biotteau, Gwenael, Le Corre, Steven, Vicente, Jerôme, Charpentier, Ludovic, Schick, Cindy, Louradour, Eric, Chaput, Christophe, Laboratoire de Thermique et d’Energie de Nantes (LTeN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes Université - Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (Nantes Univ - EPUN), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Institut universitaire des systèmes thermiques industriels (IUSTI), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 3DCERAM, Ceramiques Techniques et Industrielles (CTI), Centre de Transfert de Technologies Céramiques (CTTC), CTTC, and Solar Power & Chemical Energy Systems
Subjects: [PHYS.MECA.THER]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Thermics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

19. Design and validation of reactant feeding control strategies for the solar-autothermal hybrid gasification of woody biomass

Author: Axel Curcio, Sylvain Rodat, Valéry Vuillerme, Stéphane Abanades, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Technique Conversion et Hydrogène (DTCH), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Solar-autothermal hybridization, Mechanical Engineering, Building and Construction, Pollution, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Solar reactor, Solar fuels, Steam-gasification, General Energy, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, Concentrated solar energy, Concentrated solar energy, Solar reactor, Solar fuels, Steam-gasification, Biomass, Solar-autothermal hybridization, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Biomass, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: Several hybridization strategies of a solar-autothermal biomass gasifier were examined for stable andcontinuous operation under variable solar irradiation. The ultimate objective was to demonstrate thefeasibility of controlled syngas production, through the modification of oxygen, water, and biomassinjection rates. Various hybridization strategies were probed by thermodynamic analysis andexperimentally validated. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations detailed the impact of both H2Oand O2 injection rates on the produced syngas composition under constant wood feeding. Oxygeninjection decreased the H2:CO molar ratio, while reducing the solar thermal power required to carryout the gasification reaction. Meanwhile, the total H2+CO production dropped by 1.36 mole of H2 and0.64 mole of CO per mole of O2 added, independently of the quantity of water provided. Validationexperiments were then carried out under real concentrated solar flux in a directly-irradiated conicalspouted-bed reactor, following distinct hybridization paths. Maintaining constant the H2:CO ratioabove 1 during hybridization required to provide high amounts of water steam with oxygen, whichpenalized the gasifier efficient heating. In contrast, minimizing the water injection rate throughouthybridizationstrongly altered the H2:CO ratio but decreased the CO2 production and the solar thermal power requirement. Finally, the successful control of the outlet H2+CO volume flow rate with simultaneous oxygen and wood injection was demonstrated (under constant water feeding rate). Solarto- fuel efficiencies were kept around 20%, while hybridization decreased the cold-gas efficiency below 80%.
Published: 2022
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20. AC/TiO2 granular photocatalysts optical properties: Material composition effect on the radiative transfer in a photoreactor

Author: Ribeiro, E., Plantard, G., Cornet, J.-F., Gros, F., Caliot, C., Goetz, Vincent, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pascal (IP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Laboratoire de Mathématiques et de leurs Applications [Pau] (LMAP), and Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: suspended media, Radiative transfer analysis, General Engineering, Photoreactor, mixing laws, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, composites, optical bench
Abstract: International audience; The radiative transfer analysis in photoreactor with heterogeneous media is still a challenge for reasons relative to solid particles structural complexity or materials complex optical properties. This article aims to study the radiative transfer in a photoreactor containing Activated-Carbon/Titanium Dioxide (AC/TiO2) composite particulate media. A focus was made on the analysis of the photon rate absorbed by these media, which is a key value for the further study of chemical photo-reaction for which they are intended into the system. The radiative properties of these media were first consistently defined using different mixing laws for refractive index calculation, coupled to Mie theory. A validation of the radiative properties was achieved by solving the radiative transfer equation using a Monte Carlo algorithm and by comparing the results of transmittance modelling of each media with transmittance experiments. The second part of the work consisted in the use of a second Monte Carlo algorithm for modelling local radiant energy repartition in the studied photoreactor and access the rate of energy absorbed. These parameters are some key tools for the description and the assessment of reactions in a defined photoreactor. An originality of the study comes from the wide range of AC/TiO2 composition studied through the work which allows to analyze the evolution of the radiative properties, radiant energy repartition and rate of energy absorbed as a function of the AC/TiO2 material composition.
Published: 2023
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21. Energy and environmental performance of a new solar boiler with heat recovery for seawater desalination

Author: Dylan Lorfing, Aras Ahmadi, Stéphanie Laborie, Régis Olives, Quentin Falcoz, Xavier Py, Ligia Tiruta-Barna, Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Thermique et d’Energie de Nantes (LTeN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes Université - Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (Nantes Univ - EPUN), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), INSA (Institut National des Sciences Appliquées) Toulouse, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Solar desalination, Life cycle assessment, Environmental Engineering, Concentrated solar energy, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, [PHYS.MECA.THER]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], Environmental Chemistry, Process ecodesign, Process modeling, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Abstract: International audience; This study proposes a new seawater desalination process using concentrated solar energy. Compared with conventional desalination technologies, the proposed process produces tap water with high energy efficiency and a lower environmental impact.The proposed process is based on a new type of solar boiler using solar energy concentrated via a “beam-down” optical system. To improve the productivity, the steam produced is used to feed an adapted multiple-effect distillation (MED) system. A complete process model from seawater and sun to tap water is proposed, coupling an in-house Python program for the solar boiler component and ProSim software for the MED component. Ancillary calculations concerning the pretreatment, post-treatment, and sizing of the components are performed using a spreadsheet program. The environmental impacts of the tap water production by the proposed system are evaluated using the life cycle assessment method.The theoretical feasibility of the proposed process is demonstrated by modeling a reference case, with an estimated annual productivity of 10,000 m3 of tap water. According to the calculation, the energy performance is estimated at 1.57 kWh of electricity and 117.7 kWh of solar energy per cubic meter of tap water produced. An estimated land area of 3845 m2 is required for the solar field. The life cycle assessment indicates that the performance of the proposed process is significantly improved compared with conventional MED, with an 84% reduction in the total impact according to the ReCiPe endpoint method. In addition, the proposed system displays a competitive environmental performance compared with reverse osmosis. The emissions of the new process are estimated at 2.36 kg CO2-eq per cubic meter of tap water produced versus 3.67 kg CO2-eq and 2.97 kg CO2-eq for low- and high-performance reverse osmosis, respectively.
Published: 2022
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22. Optimisation MILP de la stratégie de contrôle des centrales à concentration solaire thermique hybrides pour la production de chaleur industrielle

Author: Kamerling, Simon, Vuillerme, Valéry, Rodat, Sylvain, Département Technique Conversion et Hydrogène (DTCH), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les Nano matériaux [Université Hassan 1er - Settat] (LITEN), Université Hassan 1er [Settat], Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

23. Caractérisation et localisation de l'endommagement dans les matériaux sous contrainte thermique : application de l'émission acoustique

Author: Bonzoms, Florian, Reoyo-Prats, Reine, Faugeroux, Olivier, Thil, Stéphane, Proust, Alain, Chotard, Thierry, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MISTRAS Group, Institut de Recherche sur les CERamiques (IRCER), Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Société Française de Thermique, and European Project: 228296,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2008-1,SFERA(2009)
Subjects: [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022
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24. The impact of oxidation on the optical properties of Si–SiC materials

Author: Angélique Bousquet, Jean-Louis Sans, Ludovic Charpentier, Cyril Caliot, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), and SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: SiC, Thermal efficiency, Materials science, Heat exchangers, Scanning electron microscope, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Corrosion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ellipsometry, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Surface roughness, Emissivity, Silicon carbide, 010302 applied physics, Optical properties, business.industry, Process Chemistry and Technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Ceramics and Composites, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Layer (electronics)
Abstract: International audience; Silicon carbide is an interesting candidate for high-temperature solar receiver due to its high solar absorptivity and its resistance to oxidation in air. Its oxidation stays passive with the formation of a protective silica layer up to 1900 K. Nevertheless, silica presents a lower spectral emissivity than silicon carbide in the solar range. Therefore the growth of a silica layer may affect the values of the spectral emissivity and therefore the surface receiver thermal efficiency. We have investigated here how high-temperature ageing in air affects the spectral emissivity and the thermal efficiency of commercial Si-SiC materials. We were able to correlate the variations of the spectral emissivities to the advancement of the oxidation using scanning electron microscopy, ellipsometry and 3D profilometry. Especially we observed a significant improvement of the surface receiver thermal efficiency due to the increase of the surface roughness that increases the solar absorptivity.
Published: 2020
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25. Behavior of TA6V Alloy at High Temperature in Air Plasma Conditions: Part 1—Oxidation

Author: Barka Lucile, Marianne Balat-Pichelin, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Alloy, Oxide, Thermodynamics, 02 engineering and technology, Activation energy, engineering.material, Kinetic energy, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, symbols.namesake, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Spallation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, Arrhenius equation, [SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment, Mechanical Engineering, [SPI.PLASMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Plasmas, Plasma, Atmospheric temperature range, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Mechanics of Materials, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, symbols, engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: In order to mitigate debris in the low Earth orbit and to avoid dramatic collisions on Earth after atmospheric reentry at its end of life, the spacecraft mission has to take into account the influence of reentry on the spacecraft survivability. In this way, oxidation in air plasma conditions was studied on metallic alloys such as TA6V to obtain oxidation kinetic laws at high temperature and for short time duration (few minutes). Experimental results obtained for the oxidation of TA6V at high temperature and low pressure in air plasma conditions together with microstructural characterization using SEM and XRD are presented. For a constant holding time of oxidation of 300 s for two total air pressures (300 and 2000 Pa) in the temperature range 1300–1900 K, the mass variation versus reciprocal temperature follows an Arrhenius law that gives a same activation energy of around 62–64 kJ/mol showing the low influence of pressure. Then kinetics laws were obtained for a constant temperature of 1830–1840 K for 3 pressures (300, 2000 and 5000 Pa) in the short time interval 50–470 s. The oxidation of the TA6V alloy by atomic oxygen leads to the spallation of the oxide layers even for short duration, and thus, the space debris during its atmospheric reentry will lose very few mass and the debris will reach the Earth only partially destroyed. The mass loss was calculated, and finally, it was shown that it represents only 0.5‰ of the initial mass of the TA6V alloy.
Published: 2020
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26. Analysis and modeling of bubble-induced agitation from direct numerical simulation of homogeneous bubbly flows

Author: A. du Cluzeau, G. Bois, N. Leoni, A. Toutant, CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
Subjects: Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Modeling and Simulation, Computational Mechanics, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022
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27. The Influence of Solar Sintering on Copper Heat Exchanger Parts with Controlled 3D-Printed Morphology

Author: Mihai Alin Pop, Cătălin Croitoru, Tibor Bedo, Virgil Geamăn, Irinel Radomir, Aurel Crișan, Emmanuel Guillot, Ioan Miloșan, Sebastian Marian Zaharia, Lucia Antoaneta Chicoș, Transilvania University of Brasov, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and European Project: 823802,SFERA-III
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics], powder metallurgy, 3D printing, concentrated solar energy, General Materials Science
Abstract: International audience; From a scientific point of view, heat transfer is different in solar furnaces compared with classical ones and the influence of direct concentrated solar radiation on sintered parts needs to be studied in detail to determine the feasibility of solar furnaces in manufacturing small workpieces. This study was performed on cylindrical samples with controlled morphology obtained by a powder metallurgy 3D printing technique. All samples were heated with a heating rate of 120 ± 10 °C/minute, with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 min holding times at 900 °C and 930 °C. The morphology of the samples was analyzed microscopically, the microhardness was determined before and after sintering, and the results were correlated with the sintering parameters (temperature, heating rate and holding time). The best results were obtained at 930 °C with 5 min holding time from the microhardness value and microstructure point of view.
Published: 2022
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28. Peroxydisulfate activation by CuO pellets in a fixed-bed column, operating mode and assessments for antibiotics degradation and urban wastewater disinfection

Author: Chan Li, Nayara de Melo Costa Serge, Raquel Fernandes Pupo Nogueira, Serge Chiron, Vincent Goetz, Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Cephalexin, Ofloxacin, Phenol, Sulfamethoxazole, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Fixed-bed column, Amoxicillin, Oxides, General Medicine, Wastewater, Oxidants, Pollution, antibiotics, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Disinfection, copper oxide pellet, operating parameters, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, Clarithromycin, Escherichia coli, Environmental Chemistry, Copper, secondary treated wastewater
Abstract: International audience; A fixed-bed column packed with copper oxide pellets (FBC-CuO) combined with peroxydisulfate (PDS) as a primary oxidant was assessed as an option for simultaneously wastewater decontamination (antibiotics) and disinfection (bacteria, viruses, and protozoa). Preliminary to these experiments, phenol was used as the target molecule to investigate the working mode of FBC-CuO under various operating conditions, such as varying flow rates, initial persulfate and phenol concentrations. Then, the removal of a mix of five representative antibiotics (amoxicillin (AMX), cefalexin (CFX), ofloxacin (OFL), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and clarithromycin (CLA)) in secondary treated urban wastewater (STWW) was evaluated. AMX, CFX, and OFL were effectively removed by simply flowing through the FBC-CuO, and the addition of PDS (500 µM) systematically enhanced the degradation of all targeted antibiotics, which is also the necessary condition for the removal of SMX and CLA. Urban wastewater disinfection was evaluated by monitoring targeted pathogens originally in the STWW. A significant reduction of E. coli, Enterococcus, F-specific RNA bacteriophages was observed after the treatment by FBC-CuO with 500 µM PDS. X-ray diffraction measurement and scanning electron microscopy performed on CuO pellets before and after treatment confirmed that the structure of the catalyst was preserved without any phase segregation. Finally, quantification of Cu(II) at the outlet of FBC-CuO indicate a non-negligible but limited released. All these results underline the potential of the FBC-CuO combined with PDS at the field scale for the degradation of micropollutants and inactivation of pathogens in wastewater.
Published: 2022
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29. Stardis: Propagator evaluation for coupled heat transfer in large geometric models

Author: Penazzi, L, Blanco, S, Caliot, C, Coustet, C, El Hafi, M, Fournier, R, Gautrais, J, Sans, M, Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement (RAPSODEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe de Recherche Energétique, Plasmas et Hors Equilibre (LAPLACE-GREPHE), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et de leurs Applications [Pau] (LMAP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Meso-Star, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Monte Carlo method, Coupled heat transfer Stardis 0.7.2 (built on stardis-solver 0.12.3), Large geometric models, [SPI.MECA.THER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], Propagator, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation
Abstract: When heat transfer is linear or can be linearized around a given temperature field, a common engineering practice is to evaluate a propagator for each of the energy sources as well as of the initial temperature field (regarded itself as a source) so that the temperature at a given location and at a later time (a probe point) can be expressed as a simple sum of all sources at all previous times, multiplied by the value of the propagator towards the probe. These simple expressions are then immediately usable for all types of optimization, inversion, sensitivity analysis and command control objectives. However, when facing large CAD geometry models or large numbers of spatially distributed sources, evaluating the relevant propagator values with standard deterministic meshed methods can be a quite difficult or computationally expensive numerical task. On the contrary, Monte Carlo is well known for directly addressing these propagator values as well as for handling large geometrical models with ease. Until quite recently, very few Monte Carlo algorithms could be implemented for coupled transient heat transfer. Recent work on Green formulation and stochastic processes have led to the definition of conducto-convecto-radiative paths and they can now be sampled efficiently using advanced computer graphic tools in order to evaluate the temperature at a probe point, whatever the level of geometrical refinement is. The Stardis project holds an implementation of such recent advances, computing how sources propagate towards a probe point in space-time. A remarkable feature is that Stardis output propagation data themselves, which in turn can be repeatedly used for fast estimation over lots of sets of source values. We detail here this feature of the code and provide all the theoretical background required by a thermal scientist facing the need to use and adapt Stardis.
Published: 2022

30. Pressure broadening of 772.376 and 772.421 nm argon lines and kinetics of argon metastable atoms

Author: Nader Sadeghi, Romain Magnan, Françoise Massines, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique [Saint Martin d’Hères] (LIPhy ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire des technologies de la microélectronique (LTM ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Collision, Radiation, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], Argon 772 nm lines, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Pressure broadening, Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, Population transfer, Pressure shift, Dielectric barrier discharges, Spectroscopy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract: International audience; Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is used for recording the spectrally mixed profiles of argon 772.376 nm (2p 7-1s 5) and 772.421 nm (2p 2-1s 3) lines at different argon background pressures between 0.3 and 1 atmosphere. The absorbing atoms in the Ar*(1s 5) and Ar*(1s 3) metastable states are produced in a plane-to-plane dielectric barrier glow discharge operating at 20 kHz. The pressure broadening coefficient w and wavelength shift, s of the lines, deduced from the analysis of their variation versus pressure of recorded profiles, are w 1 =28.3±2.0 pm (14.2±1.0 GHz) and s 1 =11.5±0.8 pm (-5.8±0.4 GHz) for 772.376 nm line and w 2 =36.3±0.5 pm (18.2±0.3 GHz) and s 2 =12.8±0.7 pm (-6.4±0.4 GHz) for 772.4207 nm line, at 1 bar and 300 K. The progressive enhancement with argon pressure of the peak densities ratio [Ar*(1s 3)]/[Ar*(1s 5)], reaching 0.3 at 1 bar, reveals the importance of Arinduced collisions for the population transfer from resonant 1s 2 to the metastable 1s 3 state. Also, the time variation of Ar*(1s) densities indicates the presence of a weak excitation channel outside the discharge current pulse initiated by the breakdown. This channel results from the heating of electrons by the electric field seen by the gas in the DBD gap.
Published: 2022
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31. Characteristics and evolution of heavy components in bio-oil from the pyrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin

Author: Dian Zhong, Kuo Zeng, Jun Li, Yi Qiu, Gilles Flamant, Ange Nzihou, Vasilevich Sergey Vladimirovich, Haiping Yang, Hanping Chen, Huazhong University of Science and Technology [Wuhan] (HUST), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement (RAPSODEE), IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (NASB)
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Heavy compound composition, Bio-oil, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, 01 natural sciences, FT-ICR-MS, KMD, Pyrolysis, 0104 chemical sciences
Abstract: International audience; Three main components of biomass were pyrolyzed individually in a closed reaction system at 500–700 °C for 60s and 90s. Then bio-oil heavy compounds were further analyzed with Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) and Kendrick mass defect (KMD) analysis. The evolution paths of heavy compounds for the different pyrolysis stages were proposed. It was found that the sugars and phenolic-like species in heavy compounds were the most active substances during secondary reactions. Moreover, the rising temperature promoted this secondary reaction of phenolic-like species as the decrease in their abundances growing from 13% to 54%, while contrarily inhibited it for hemicellulose as the decrease in their abundances changing from 44% to −2%. The lignin-derived lipids and unsaturated hydrocarbons that generated in the secondary reactions increased with rising temperature. KMD analysis showed that the heavy compounds of cellulose and hemicellulose prefer homologous evolution during pyrolysis, while those of lignin had more complex evolution paths like cracking and recombination.
Published: 2022
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32. Additive manufacturing and two-step redox cycling of ordered porous ceria structures for solar-driven thermochemical fuel production

Author: Stéphane Abanades, Anita Haeussler, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, 3D-printing, 020209 energy, General Chemical Engineering, Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, ceria redox cycle, reticulated foam, 7. Clean energy, Oxygen, Redox, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, porous media, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, hierarchically ordered structure, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Total pressure, Porosity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Solar energy, solar reactor, Chemical engineering, chemistry, 13. Climate action, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, thermochemical hydrogen production, 0210 nano-technology, business, CO2 utilization, Reactive material
Abstract: International audience; This study focuses on thermochemical H2O and CO2-splitting processes using non-stoichiometric metal oxides and concentrated solar energy to produce solar fuels. The redox process involves two distinct reactions: (i) a thermal reduction at high temperature of the oxide with creation of oxygen vacancies in its crystallographic structure, resulting in released O2; (ii) a re-oxidation of the metal oxide by H2O and/or CO2, yielding H2 and/or CO. Hierarchically-ordered porous ceria materials offer high potential for solar-driven thermochemical fuel production based on two-step redox cycles for H2O and CO2-splitting. The emergence of additive manufacturing processes allows to develop architected reactive materials with 3D-ordered geometry and hierarchical structure (porosity gradient), able to enhance the volumetric solar absorptivity and provide homogeneous heating of the oxygen carrier. The investigation of additive-manufactured ordered porous ceria monoliths made from 3D-printed polymer scaffolds was performed in a solar reactor.In comparison with reticulated ceria foams, an improvement of the oxygen yields was achieved with 3D-ordered porous structures. A low total pressure during the reduction step (inducing low pO2) favored the reduction extent and associated fuel yields. The fuel production rate during the exothermal oxidation step was enhanced by decreasing the temperature and by increasing the CO2 partial pressure. In addition, since the oxidation step is a surface-controlled reaction, a natural pore former (woody biomass) was used to create µm-size pores within the struts of ceria scaffolds. This enhanced the oxidation kinetics with a maximal CO production rate of 4.9 mL/min/g and fuel yield up to 333 µmol/g (with a reduction step at 1400 °C under ~0.10 bar of total pressure). Thus, using a 3D-ordered open-cell geometry with addition of micro-scale porosity in the struts enhanced the thermochemical performance.
Published: 2021
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33. Impact of asymmetrical heating on the uncertainty propagation of flow parameters on wall heat transfers in solar receivers

Author: Françoise Bataille, Adrien Toutant, Martin David, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
Subjects: Propagation of uncertainty, Materials science, 020209 energy, Flow (psychology), Skew, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Flux, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 010305 fluids & plasmas, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Heat flux, 0103 physical sciences, Heat transfer, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Measurement uncertainty, Sensitivity (control systems), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Uncertainties may skew the understanding of experiments or numerical simulations results. The impact of the flow parameters uncertainties of measurement on wall heat flux is investigated in a non-isothermal turbulent channel flow. A heat transfer correlation dedicated to gas-pressurized solar receivers of concentrated solar tower power is used. Both symmetric and asymmetric heating conditions are tested. A sensitivity study is performed. The effects of the wall and bulk temperatures are analyzed in a large bulk-to-wall temperature ratio range. The Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) is applied and provides an analytical expression of the uncertainty propagation. Assuming the quasi-normality and quasi-linearity of the studied function, this method provides approximate results. The results obtained following the methodology described in the GUM are then compared to the direct computation of the wall heat flux with altered temperatures. The study shows a dependence of the high heat flux estimation to some temperature variations, highlighting the necessity of accurate measurements. This is particularly salient in the end region of the solar receiver, i.e. when the bulk and the wall temperature are close. The GUM produces very satisfying estimations in the symmetric conditions and quite satisfying estimations in the asymmetric conditions. This study shows that the accuracy of measurement devices should be adapted according to their location in the solar receiver.
Published: 2021
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34. Physico-Chemical Behavior and Thermo-Optical and Mechanical Properties of Glassy Carbon Up to 2100 K Under Low-Energy Proton and Vacuum Ultraviolet Irradiations

Author: Hervé Glénat, Marianne Balat-Pichelin, Jean-Louis Sans, J. Eck, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Spatiale Européenne (ESA), and European Space Agency (ESA)
Subjects: Materials science, Proton, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Glassy carbon, Radiation, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 0103 physical sciences, Heat shield, Thermal, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Emissivity, General Materials Science, Irradiation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, Thermal equilibrium, Mechanical Engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 13. Climate action, Mechanics of Materials, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: In the frame of mission for the Sun approach, to understand the effects of the heating of the solar corona and the acceleration of the solar winds, research was carried out to study the behavior of glassy carbon that can be used for the heat shield. The physicochemical behavior of glassy carbon from 1600 up to 2100 K with or without proton bombardment and VUV irradiation was studied together with the measurement of the thermal optical properties, the ratio of the solar absorptivity to the total hemispherical emissivity conditioning the thermal equilibrium of the heat shield. Experimental results obtained on massive glassy carbon samples are presented through mass spectrometry, mass loss rate and microstructural characterization (XRD, SEM…), mechanical and thermo-optical properties. Finally, the synergistic effect of high temperature, protons and VUV radiation has a low impact on this material.
Published: 2021
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35. Performance Study of the Solar Thermodynamic Plant of Llo, 2021

Author: Montanet, Edouard, Rodat, Sylvain, Falcoz, Quentin, Roget, Fabien, Lecat, Florent, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and RODAT, Sylvain
Subjects: [SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

36. Potabilization of water with zero-liquid discharge using low temperature solar thermal energy

Author: Koninck, Corentin, Goetz, Vincent, Stitou, Driss, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and goetz, vincent
Subjects: [SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

37. A New Hybrid Solar/Electric Reactor for Methane Pyrolysis in Gaseous or Liquid Phase

Author: Msheik, Malek, Rodat, Sylvain, Abanades, Stéphane, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire procédés, matériaux et énergie solaire (PROMES-CNRS), and RODAT, Sylvain
Subjects: [SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

38. Performance evaluation and durability studies of W/WAlSiN/SiON/SiO2 based spectrally selective solar absorber coating for high-temperature applications: A comprehensive study on thermal and solar accelerated ageing

Author: Alex Carling Plaza, Martin Bordas, Harish C. Barshilia, Audrey Soum-Glaude, K. Niranjan, Théo Grifo, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Thermal shock, Materials science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, 020209 energy, Direct current, 02 engineering and technology, Sputter deposition, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 7. Clean energy, Durability, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Coating, Thermal, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, engineering, General Materials Science, Thermal stability, Irradiation, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We report a solar selective coating of W/WAlSiN/SiON/SiO2 fabricated using a Four-Cathode Reactive Unbalanced Direct Current (DC) magnetron sputtering system with high thermal stability, good durability and resistance to outdoor testing conditions. The coating also exhibits superior mechanical properties (Hardness ∼12 GPa). In addition, thermal shock tests at high temperatures and solar accelerated ageing measurements are investigated in-depth to analyze the performance of the solar absorber coating. The thermal shock tests of the samples at various temperatures in the range of 500–600 °C depict the excellent thermophysical resistance of the as-deposited samples. To test the thermal durability of the solar absorber coating, we applied 200 cycles of solar accelerated ageing on the samples using a solar accelerated ageing facility with concentrated flux density varying from 50 to 250 kW/m2. These cycles have been defined to replicate real high solar flux and temperature on the front side of the samples along with high cooling and heating rates, reproducing the abrupt variations of solar irradiation due to cloudy weather and subsequent thermal shocks for a given receiver. Overall, the durability tests of the solar absorber carried out under various conditions indicate a minimal change in the optical properties (Δα = 0.002 and Δe = 0), thus, making it a potential candidate for high-temperature solar thermal applications.
Published: 2021
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39. The Potential of Refractory Alloys for Solar Applications

Author: Charpentier, L, Kaufmann, A, Escape, C, Bêche, E, Soum-Glaude, A, Gorr, B, Heilmaier, M, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Angewandte Materialien (IAM), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), and Charpentier, Ludovic
Subjects: [SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

40. Correlating oxygen mobility with thermochemical CO2-splitting efficiency in A-site substituted manganite perovskites

Author: Nair, Mahesh Muraleedharan, Abanades, Stéphane, Laboratoire procédés, matériaux et énergie solaire (PROMES-CNRS), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021
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41. Experimental Assessment of Woody Biomass Gasification in a Hybridized Solar Powered Reactor featuring Direct and Indirect Heating Modes

Author: Stéphane Abanades, Sylvain Rodat, Valéry Vuillerme, Axel Curcio, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Technique Conversion et Hydrogène (DTCH), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Thermodynamic equilibrium, 020209 energy, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Biomass, 02 engineering and technology, Raw material, Combustion, 7. Clean energy, 0502 economics and business, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, 050207 economics, Spouted-Bed Reactor, Solar fuels, Biomass steam-gasification, Spouted-bed reactor, Hybridization, Concentrated solar energy, Continuous operation, Solar power, Biomass Steam-Gasification, Solar Fuels, Wood gas generator, Waste management, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Condensed Matter Physics, Continuous Operation, Fuel Technology, CO2 content, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, business, Syngas
Abstract: Solar thermochemical gasification is an opportunity for the production of sustainable fuels from carbonaceous resources including biomass. Substituting conventional gasification processes by solar-driven technologies may enable cleaner production of H2-richsyngaswhile savingfeedstockresources and alleviating CO2emissions. This work addresses hybrid solar-autothermal gasification of mm-sized beech wood particles in a lab-scale 1.5 kWthspouted-bed reactor. Hybridization under reduced solar power input was performed by injecting oxygen and additional biomass inside the gasifier for complementary heat supply. Increasing O2:Cmolar ratios(in the range 0.14–0.58) allowed to heat the reactor cavity and walls progressively, while gradually impairing the reactor performance with an increase of the syngas CO2content and a decrease of the reactor cold gas efficiency (CGE). Gasification with mixed H2O and O2was then assessed atthermodynamic equilibriumand global trends were validated experimentally, showing that control of H2:CO ratio was compatible with in-situ combustion. The impact of reaction temperature (1200–1300°C) and heating mode (direct or indirect) was experimentally studied during both allothermal and hybrid gasification. Higher H2and CO yields were achieved at high temperatures (1300°C) under direct reactor heating. Hybridization was able to counterbalance a 40% drop of the nominal solar power input, and the measured CGE reached 0.82, versus values higher than 1 duringallothermal gasification.
Published: 2021
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42. Demonstration of a ceria membrane solar reactor promoted by dual perovskite coatings for continuous and isothermal redox splitting of CO2 and H2O

Author: Stéphane Abanades, Julien Jouannaux, Anne Julbe, Anita Haeussler, Laboratoire procédés, matériaux et énergie solaire (PROMES-CNRS), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: Materials science, Diffusion, chemistry.chemical_element, Filtration and Separation, 02 engineering and technology, thermochemical redox splitting, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Biochemistry, Oxygen, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], General Materials Science, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Inert gas, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Perovskite (structure), solar fuel, Membrane reactor, Partial pressure, Permeation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Membrane, chemistry, Chemical engineering, oxygen transport, perovskite-coated ceria, 0210 nano-technology, solar membrane reactor
Abstract: The direct one-step CO2 and H2O splitting using an oxygen-transport membrane (OTM) reactor was investigated as a potentially ideal way to generate renewable fuels from concentrated solar energy. The solar-driven thermolysis of CO2 (or H2O) was promoted by in-situ oxygen removal across nonstoichiometric ceria-based membranes. A new solar membrane reactor integrating a tubular densified membrane made of either pure ceria or perovskite-coated ceria was designed and operated under high-flux concentrated solar radiation. A continuous flow of inert gas on the permeate side was used to create the required oxygen partial pressure gradient (driving force) and ensure continuous oxygen permeation via oxygen ion diffusion across the densified ceria membrane. The continuous OTM solar operation at high temperature was demonstrated through testing under various operating conditions. The CO and O2 production rates were sharply enhanced by increasing the operating temperature (up to 1550 °C). The increase of CO2 concentration or oxidant gas flow rate also enhanced the process performance. Unprecedented fuel production rates (>0.07 μmol s−1 cm−2 at 1550 °C) were achieved with a pure CO2 stream on the feed side and flowing Ar on the sweep side of the reactive ceria membrane. An original composite membrane integrating two different perovskite coatings on each side of the ceria membrane, with a sandwich-like structure, was designed and tested under concentrated sunlight. Thin layers of La0.5Sr0.5Mn0.9Mg0.1O3 on the inner side and Ca0.5Sr0.5MnO3 on the outer side were added to enhance oxygen ion transfer. With such a membrane configuration, a remarkable production of CO (>0.13 μmol s−1 cm−2) and oxygen (with CO:O2 ratio of 2) was obtained simultaneously, respectively on the inner and outer sides of the OTM. These results outperform the production rates achieved with the uncoated ceria membranes, and demonstrate the benefits of using composite membranes composed of a densified core material coated with (or sandwiched in between) redox active perovskite materials.
Published: 2021
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43. Efficiency of Energy Dissipation in Nanomagnets: A theoretical study of ac susceptibility

Author: Jean-Louis Déjardin, Hamid Kachkachi, Francois Vernay, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Nanoparticle, 02 engineering and technology, Dissipation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Nanomagnet, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Magnetic hyperthermia, Nanomagnetism, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-MED-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Medical Physics [physics.med-ph], Dipolar interaction, Hyperthermia, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; In this chapter, we present a summary of published and new results of our theoretical investigations of the dynamic response of an array of nanomagnets (NMs), taking account of dipolar interactions and DC magnetic field, in addition to the AC field. This investigation is relevant to research on magnetic hyperthermia as a potential application in cancer treatment that exploits the heat generated in alternating magnetic fields (AMFs). We developed an analytical formalism for the key quantity, the specific absorption rate (SAR), based on AC susceptibility and applied it to two prototypical systems: (i) a two dimensional (2D) monodisperse array of nanomagnets (NMs) with oriented anisotropy and (ii) a three dimensional (3D) polydisperse assembly with randomly distributed easy axes. This formalism also accounts for nonlinear effects by including corrections to the AC susceptibility (up to third order for the 2D system and fifth order for the 3D assembly) which become necessary for high AC field intensities. Using the analytical expressions we obtained in terms of the relevant physical parameters such as the DC field intensity, the assembly concentration, the AC field intensity and frequency, and temperature, we investigate in a relatively straightforward manner the effect and role of these parameters in the optimization of the SAR. In particular, the calculation of the nonlinear AC susceptibility makes it possible to study the effect of increasing the AC field intensity, as is done in several works for optimizing heat generation, in addition to varying the frequency. Furthermore, the nonmonotonous behavior of the SAR, induced by the competition between the DC field and the dipolar interactions, carries over to the nonlinear regime. Besides, the nonlinear contributions to the SAR bring a nonnegligible enhancement and may also contribute to redefining the biological limit on the AC field specifications.
Published: 2021
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44. Régimes d'Ecoulement dans les Récepteurs Solaires Tubulaires à Lits Fluidisés

Author: Gueguen, Ronny, Sahuquet, Guillaume, Derome, Emilien, Mer, Samuel, Toutant, Adrien, Bataille, Françoise, Flamant, Gilles, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Gueguen, Ronny
Subjects: [SPI.MECA.MEFL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract: International audience; Le laboratoire PROMES (CNRS) développe depuis 2010 une technologie de récepteur solaire basée sur la circulation de particules fluidisées dans des tubes métalliques verticaux soumis au flux solaire concentré. L’utilisation de particules de type sable en tant que fluide de transfert de chaleur et milieu de stockage est peu coûteuse et permet d’étendre la gamme de température admissible par rapport aux sels fondus actuellement utilisés dans les centrales solaires à concentration (>560°C). Grâce à l’augmentation de la température en sortie du récepteur, il est possible d’utiliser des cycles thermodynamiques à hauts rendements (~50%) et ainsi d’accroitre les performances des centrales. Un des verrous de cette technologie est la maitrise des écoulements diphasiques dans les tubes du récepteur. En effet, plusieurs régimes de fluidisation apparaissent en fonction des paramètres de contrôle. Des bulles se forment en bas du tube puis coalescent sur la hauteur pour former des pistons. Ces derniers doivent être évités car ils limitent le mélange des particules, ce qui a pour effet de réduire les échanges thermiques. Pour de forts débits d’air, un régime de fluidisation turbulent apparaît. Celui-ci se caractérise par un excellent brassage des particules et donc de très bons transferts de chaleur. La compréhension des conditions d’apparition de ces régimes est donc primordiale pour définir les meilleurs paramètres opératoires en exploitation. Pour ce faire, plusieurs bancs expérimentaux, avec et sans exposition au flux solaire concentré, ont été mis en place au laboratoire PROMES afin d’étudier le comportement de ces écoulements diphasiques et des différents régimes hydrodynamiques.
Published: 2021

45. Optimisation de centrales solaires à concentration: calcul de sensibilité par Monte Carlo et couplage avec un algorithme à descente de gradient

Author: He, Zili, Bezian, Jean-Jacques, Eibner, Simon, El-Hafi, Mouna, Farge, Oliver, Lapeyre, Paule, Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement (RAPSODEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire Énergies et Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée (LEMTA ), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Optimisation, Monte-Carlo, Energie solaire à concentration
Abstract: National audience; Le flux absorbé par le récepteur d’une centrale solaire à concentration est principalement estimé par des algorithmes basés sur les méthodes de Monte Carlo [1]. Ces méthodes permettent de tenir compte de la complexité géométrique des centrales à concentration et d’obtenir le flux absorbé sous la forme d’un intervalle de confiance.A notre connaissance, l’optimisation de la géométrie des centrales solaires à concentration est effectuée à partir d’algorithmes sans gradient (hauteur de la tour, distance entre les héliostats et le récepteur, surface des héliostats...) [3-6].Néanmoins, de récents travaux démontrent la possibilité de calculer ce gradient par des méthodes de Monte Carlo [7] ce qui permet de bénéficier des avantages des méthodes d’optimisation avec gradient. Nous présentons un exemple d’optimisation de la géométrie d’une centrale à concentration avec une méthode de descente de gradient et étudions le comportement de ces deux algorithmes couplés.Cette méthodologie ouvre des perspectives pour la conception initiale des centrales solaires ou pour leur gestion en temps réel (stratégie de pointage...).
Published: 2021

46. Étude des performances de la centrale solaire thermodynamique de Llo

Author: Montanet, Edouard, Rodat, Sylvain, Falcoz, Quentin, Roget, Fabien, Lecat, Forent, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and RODAT, Sylvain
Subjects: [SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

47. Procédé thermochimique hybride pour le stockage et la conversion en froid et Electricité d'une source basse température

Author: Perier-Muzet, Maxime, Godefroy, Alexis, Pages, Harley, Neveu, Pierre, Mazet, Nathalie, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and MAZET, Nathalie
Subjects: [SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

48. Bi-color near infrared thermoreflectometry: A method for true temperature field measurement

Author: Yannick Le Maoult, Rémi Gilblas, D. Hernandez, Thierry Sentenac, Équipe Robotique, Action et Perception (LAAS-RAP), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Équipe Robotique, Action et Perception ( LAAS-RAP ), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes [Toulouse] ( LAAS ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Clément Ader ( ICA ), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace ( ISAE-SUPAERO ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux ( IMT Mines Albi ), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire ( PROMES ), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Physics, Opacity, Field (physics), business.industry, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Spectral bands, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, 0103 physical sciences, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Radiative transfer, Radiance, Emissivity, 0210 nano-technology, business, Reflectometry, Instrumentation
Abstract: International audience; In a context of radiative temperature field measurement, this paper deals with an innovative method, called bicolor near infrared thermoreflectometry, for the measurement of true temperature fields without prior knowledge of the emissivity field of an opaque material. This method is achieved by a simultaneous measurement, in the near infrared spectral band, of the radiance temperature fields and of the emissivity fields measured indirectly by reflectometry. The theoretical framework of the method is introduced and the principle of the measurements at two wavelengths is detailed. The crucial features of the indirect measurement of emissivity are the measurement of bidirectional reflectivities in a single direction and the introduction of an unknown variable, called the ``diffusion factor.'' Radiance temperature and bidirectional reflectivities are then merged into a bichromatic system based on Kirchhoff's laws. The assumption of the system, based on the invariance of the diffusion factor for two near wavelengths, and the value of the chosen wavelengths, are then discussed in relation to a database of several material properties. A thermoreflectometer prototype was developed, dimensioned, and evaluated. Experiments were carried out to outline its trueness in challenging cases. First, experiments were performed on a metallic sample with a high emissivity value. The bidirectional reflectivity was then measured from low signals. The results on erbium oxide demonstrate the power of the method with materials with high emissivity variations in near infrared spectral band.
Published: 2012
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49. The effects of temperature and molten salt on solar pyrolysis of lignite

Author: Xiao He, Kuo Zeng, Haiping Yang, Yingpu Xie, Anqing Zheng, Gilles Flamant, Ding Zhi, Ange Nzihou, Hanping Chen, Yang Xinyi, Huazhong University of Science and Technology [Wuhan] (HUST), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement (RAPSODEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion
Subjects: 020209 energy, Salt (chemistry), 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Solar pyrolysis, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], chemistry.chemical_compound, 020401 chemical engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Reactivity (chemistry), Lignite, Char, 0204 chemical engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Molten salt, Civil and Structural Engineering, chemistry.chemical_classification, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Temperature, Tar, Building and Construction, Pollution, Char properties, General Energy, Hydrocarbon, Chemical engineering, 13. Climate action, Carbonate, Pyrolysis
Abstract: International audience; Molten salt pyrolysis driven by concentrated solar radiation is well positioned to utilize solar energy and lignite effectively. This study focused on the effects of temperature (500, 600, 700 and 800 °C) and molten carbonate salt (Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3) on properties of char obtained from lignite pyrolysis, as well as gas and tar products for revealing their formation mechanism and transformation process. Molten salt pyrolysis of HulunBuir lignite produced more gas products and less char compared to conventional pyrolysis owing to the enhanced heat transfer and catalytic effect of molten salt. The char yield decreased from 58.4% to 43.4%, and the gas yield (especially CO2, H2 and CO) increased from 28.3% to 46.1% at 800 °C. CO2, CO and H2 production increased about 60.43%, 103.42% and 65.2% at 800 °C, respectively. Additionally, the presence of molten salt improved the tar quality with more hydrocarbon content (maximum increase of 5.8%) and less oxygenated compounds. The structure and reactivity relationship of char was characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and TGA. Molten salt generated char had a higher reactivity due to the increase of disorder, surface area, microporosity (maximum of 71.74%) and active sites.
Published: 2019
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50. Recent progress on ceria doping and shaping strategies for solar thermochemical water and CO2 splitting cycles

Author: Haeussler, Anita, Abanades, Stéphane, Jouannaux, Julien, Drobek, Martin, Ayral, Andre, Julbe, Anne, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: thermochemical cycles, solar fuel, non-stoichiometric materials, co2/h2o splitting, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, doping, CO2 /H2O splitting, ceria, oxygen vacancies, hydrogen, redox reactions, lcsh:TA401-492, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, lcsh:Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials
Abstract: Thermochemical redox cycling for either water or CO2 splitting is a promising strategy to convert solar energy into clean fuels. Such splitting reaction can convert water and recycled CO2 into H2 and CO respectively, the building blocks for the preparation of various synthetic liquid fuels. Attractively, CO2 is valorized in this way and can be used as a carbon-neutral fuel. However, the efficiency of the solar thermochemical process has to be improved to achieve an economically viable fuel production. For this purpose, an optimization of the reactive materials regarding both their chemical activity and long-term stability is a key requirement. To date, ceria is considered as the benchmark material for thermochemical redox cycles. Indeed, it is able to maintain a single cubic fluorite phase during thermal cycling over a large range of oxygen non-stoichiometry and also provides thermodynamically favorable oxidation. However, it suffers from a high reduction temperature and a low reduction extent. Several doping strategies of ceria have been developed to increase its redox activity and long-term performance stability. This paper provides an overview of the efforts made to enhance the thermochemical performance of ceria by investigation of dopant incorporation and material shaping for designed morphologies and microstructures.
Published: 2019
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