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To investigate the shear bond strengths of buccal tubes and to determine the sites of failure.

The Malaysian Dental Journal welcomes readers to its latest edition, which features a diverse range of articles on various topics in dentistry. The journal is committed to promoting academic excellence and facilitating the exchange of groundbreaking research. The articles in this issue cover important subjects such as the effects of mobile phones on dental health, temporomandibular joint disorders, patient satisfaction with orthodontic treatment, and a case report on the intrusion of over-erupted molars. The journal aims to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical implementation in dentistry, inspiring and informing professionals in delivering the best possible care to their patients. The editor expresses gratitude to the authors, reviewers, and readers for their support and encourages continued engagement with the journal. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The correction of dentofacial skeletal Class III deformity requires a combination of orthodontic and orthognathic surgery. However the surgical techniques and reports of complications strike fear in young surgeons. Case presentation: In this case report, we present orthognathic treatment plan of an adult female patient with skeletal Class III malocclusion. Her dentition was decompensated with orthodontic treatment. The Le Fort I osteotomy was accomplished with pterygoid plate sparring technique in addition to bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO). Conclusion: This interdisciplinary approach has resulted in near-normal skeletal, dental and soft tissue [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The orthodontic community has strived in the past few years to obtain and use materials and techniques that increase the bond strength between orthodontic brackets and the enamel surface of the teeth. Materials and Methods: This article emphasizes literature review on enamel surface preparation and shear bond strength. This study was identified by a literature search of Medline-PUBMED, Science Direct and Google scholar using predetermined key words. Results: Even though the materials presented sufficient shear bond strength to retain brackets throughout the treatment, it may damage the enamel due to the required acid etching; this damage may result in discoloration of the tooth surface following the completion of the treatment, or even may result in increased liability to tooth decay. Conclusion: We need an alternative or additional method to avoid above mentioned problems. Thus, this review study will help in more understanding about the background information about enamel surface preparation and shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate the cephalometric linear and angular measurements of lip morphology among Malaysian Chinese population. Study design: A retrospective study involving the collection and analysis of lateral cephalometric radiographs of Malaysian Chinese. Materials and Methods: Standardized cephalometric radiographs of 70 Malaysian Chinese adults were analyzed. Among them are 37 females and 33 males aged from 18 to 25 years who did not undergo any orthodontic treatment. Total 9 linear and 5 angular measurements were carried out on cephalometric radiographs using Winceph 8.0 software. Descriptive statistics and sexual dimorphism were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 20.0. The reliability of the method was analyzed using Dahlberg's formula. Results: Statistically significant disparities were found in the lower lip to s-line, upper lip thickness and Z-angle. Other measurements showed some similarities and variations but no significant differences were observed. Conclusion: This study is an attempt to establish the description of cephalometric lip morphology for the Malaysian Chinese adults. Cephalometric lip morphology is precise for the ethnic group, but these values should not be interpreted as treatment aim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate the cephalometric linear and angular measurements of lip morphology of Malaysian Malay population. Study Design: A retrospective study of linear and angular cephalometric measurement of lip morphology among Malay population in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: Standardized cephalometric radiographs of 70 Malaysian Malay adults were analyzed. The samples comprised of 46 females and 24 males. Total 9 linear and 5 angular measurements were carried out on cephalometric radiographs using Winceph 8.0 software. Descriptive statistics and sexual dimorphism were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 20.0. The reliability of the method was analyzed using Dahlberg's formula. Results: Statistically significant disparities were found in the Malay population between males and female of lower lip to E line, upper lip thickness, lower lip thickness and nasolabial angle. Other measurements showed some similarities and variations but no significant differences were observed. Conclusion: We have established cephalometric lip morphology for the Malay adults and sexual demorphism but these values should not be interpreted as treatment aim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To establish hard tissue cephalometric norms for orthognathic surgery (COGS) for Bangladeshi adults and to compare their mean differences with the established values of Caucasian COGS norms. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 100 standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs of Bangladeshi adult including 50 males and 50 females with an average age of 20 years were studied. The criteria of selection were Class I normal occlusion, no skeletal abnormality or deformity, and no previous orthodontic treatment. AH cephalometric landmarks were located and determined and subsequently all measurements were done according to COGS analysis. Results: Of the 23 measurements, 15 were highly significantly different between the sexes whereas 2 were insignificant. Mean established values according to COGS analysis were also presented to show the differences with the Bangladeshi adults. Bangladeshi males and females had significant differences in most of the cephalometric measurements; males had larger measurements than females in almost all variables. Conclusion: This study may be valuable in providing specific COGS in diagnosis and treatment planning for orthognathic surgery for Bangladeshi adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To compare the cephalometric measurements between Malaysian Indian and Malaysian Chinese. Study Design: A cross sectional study of Malaysian Indian and Malaysian Chinese without any interracial marriage for two generations. Materials and Methods: Ninety seven Malaysian Indian and 98 Malaysian Chinese participants aged 18-25 were selected based on Class I incisor relationship with minimal crowding, no skeletal abnormality, have not undergone any orthodontic treatment and had at least second molar to second molar dentition. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken, traced and digitised to produce the values to assess the skeletal, dental, soft tissue, nose and chin positions. Results: There was a significant difference between the Malaysian Indian and Malaysian Chinese on most values. Malaysian Chinese have a maxilla and mandible which is set more forward than the Malaysian Indians. Vertically there is more development in the posterior facial height for Malaysian Chinese and more anterior facial height development in the Malaysian Indians. The Chinese have bidental and lips protrusion. In conclusion: This study is to facilitate the description of dentofacial pattern/relationship, diagnosis and treatment planning, evaluation of treatment results, evaluation of stability and as a baseline data for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The objectives of this study were to determine the amount of orthodontics and the type of appliance used for orthodontic treatment by our general dental practitioners (GDP). We also would like to find out their opinion about orthodontics in general. Materials and Methods: 620 questionnaires were distributed to the GDP mainly in the Klang Valley and Johore. 107 (17.26%) completed replies were received. Descriptive statistic analyses were done for all the questions in the questionnaire. Results: The results showed only 17% of the respondents were practicing orthodontics. Most of the GDP (59%) agree that the undergraduate orthodontic syllabus is not adequate. Seventy percent of the GDP feel more fixed orthodontic courses should be available for them. The result also confirms, most GDP who practice orthodontics were using fixed appliance (52.9%) compared to removable appliances. Conclusion: In conclusion majority of the respondents agree that universities should expand the orthodontic syllabus to include fixed appliances. They also would like to have more orthodontic courses available to them as a continuing educational programme. Fixed appliance mainly straight wire technique seems to be the choice of the majority of the general practitioners who are doing orthodontics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To gather information on patients views and concerns regarding dental radiographs. Methods: Two hundred patients were randomly selected from the list of patients attending the General Dental Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya. Personal interviews with structured questionnaire were used. Results: There was 100% response rate. Although 74% of the patients have had dental radiographs taken on them, most of them (62 patients) thought it was to check for tooth decay and 40 patients believed it was a routine examination. The majority of the patients (94) relied on their dentists for information regarding dental radiographs. Fifty seven percent of the patients felt radiographs should be avoided in pregnant ladies. Thirty two percent of the patients felt radiographs should be avoided in children. There was a significant association (p < 0.05) between the education level of the patients and their disapprovals on radiographing of pregnant ladies and children. Conclusion: The result shows the patients do not have a clear understanding why x-rays are taken or their benefits. There is also a definite lack of knowledge regarding the safety of dental radiographs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pont's Index was established to predict maxillary dental arch width from the sum of the mesiodistal diameters of the four maxillary incisors (interincisal width) of the French population. However, the use of Pont's Index in predicting ideal arch shape in orthodontics has been controversial due to racial differences. Pont suggested that the reliability of this Index be tested in other populations. Another objection to Pont's Index is that it doesn't take into account the subjects' craniofacial framework. Materials and Methods: This reappraisal reviews literatures on Pont's Index, with an emphasis on the application of the Pont's Index in various ethnic groups, especially non-Caucasians. Sixteen articles included in this study were identified by a literature search of Medline (1944 - Dec 2009) using predetermined key words, inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The majority of the papers (75%) disagreed that Pont's index can be used to predict maxillary arch width. Out of the papers that disagreed, 50% of the papers reported Pont's index overestimates the maxillary arch width and 42% of the papers reported Pont's index underestimates the maxillary arch width. There is a lack of studies that correlate the craniofacial framework to the Pont's Index. Conclusion: Most predictions based on Pont's Index either underestimated or overestimated the inter-premolar and inter- molar widths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To identify the craniofacial features of men and women adults from Bangladesh using Tweed's and Wit's analysis and to compare the mean difference with the established value of Tweed's and Wit's cephalometric norms. Materials and Methods: One hundred (100) standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs of Bangladeshi adults were analyzed. The subjects included 50 males and 50 females. The ages of the subjects ranged from 18 to 24 years with a mean age of 20 years. The criteria of selection were Class I incisor relationship with no crowding, no skeletal abnormality, and no previous orthodontic treatment. All cephalometric landmarks were located and determined and subsequently tracing had been done according to Tweed's and Wit's analysis. Results: Bangladeshi females were found to have significantly smaller FMA, FMIA and significantly larger IMP A. In Wit's appraisal, Bangladeshi males were found to have significantly larger mandibular plane angle, SNA and SNB. Other variables showed insignificant difference. Mean values of Tweed's cephalometric norms of Bangladeshi adult were very much different than the Tweed's established cephalometric norms. However, Wit's appraisal showed some similarity with the present study. Conclusion: The results of this study showed some distinguishable features from cephalometric measurements of craniofacial morphology of Bangladeshi individuals using Tweed's and Wit's analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To establish cephalometric norms of Malaysian adult Indian. Study Design: A cross sectional study of Malaysian Indian without any interracial marriage for two generations. Materials and Methods: Ninety seven participants aged 18-25 were selected based on Class I incisor relationship with minimal crowding, no skeletal abnormality, have not undergone any orthodontic treatment and had at least second molar to second molar dentition. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken, traced and digitised to produce the values to assess the skeletal, dental, soft tissue, nose and chin positions. Results: There was a significant difference between the genders on most values. Generally both the maxilla and mandible were positioned forward. Vertically there is significantly more development in the anterior and posterior upper and lower facial height for Indians male than female. There were also dentoalveolar prognathism with the males have a prominent nose whereas chin is set more forward in the Indian females. Conclusion: The cephalometric norms are specific for race and gender. The values provided here would aid in the diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontic/orthognathic patients of Indian origin in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To establish cephalometric norms of Malaysian adult Chinese. Study Design: A cross sectional study of Malaysian Chinese without any interracial marriage for two generations. Materials and Methods: Ninety eight participants aged 18-25 were selected based on Class I incisor relationship with minimal crowding, no skeletal abnormality, have not undergone any orthodontic treatment and had at least second molar to second molar dentition. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken, traced and digitised to produce the values to assess the skeletal, dental, soft tissue, nose and chin positions. Results: There was a significant difference between the genders on most values. Generally both the maxilla and mandible were positioned forward. There were also dentoalveolar prognathism with protrusive lips, nose and chin. Conclusion: The cephalometric norms are specific for race and gender. The values provided here would aid in the diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontic/orthognathic patients of Chinese origin in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bonding of molar tubes is becoming more popular in orthodontics. Occasionally, these bonding are done on posterior porcelain crowns or bridges. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of buccal tubes on feldspathic porcelain crowns with two different methods. Materials and Methods: Forty porcelain right molar crowns were fabricated for this study. The crowns were randomly divided into two groups. In group 1, the crowns were etched with 9.6% hydrofluoric acid, silane coupling agent applied, coated with bonding primer and bonded with Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif). In group 2, the crowns were etched with phosphoric acid 37%, silane coupling agent applied, coated with bonding primer and bonded with Transbond XT. All the crowns were stored for 24 hours at 37°C and thermo-cycled before the shear bond test. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine whether significant difference were present between the groups. Results: The results of the analysis of variance (F = 0.23) indicated the shear bond strength of group 1 (3.57 ± 0.87 MPa) was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from group 2 (3.46 ± 0.65 Mpa). Fisher's exact test for the adhesive remnant index (ARI) revealed significant difference between both groups (P < 0.05). Eighty percent of group 1 buccal tubes failed at buccal tube/resin interface and eighty percent of group 2 mostly failed at porcelain/resin interface. Conclusion: Etching with phosphoric acid with the use of silane coupling agent would be safer and should make it easier for clinicians to clean the adhesive on the porcelain surface after debonding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The craniofacial characteristics of Bangladeshi adults were investigated in order to formulate cephalometric norms using Bjork-Jarabak's angular and linear measurements and to compare their mean differences with the established values of Bjork-Jarabak's cephalometric norms. Materials and Methods: One hundred (100) standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs of Bangladeshi adults including 50 males and 50 females with an average age of 20 years were studied. The criteria of selection were Class I incisor relationship with no crowding, no skeletal abnormality or deformity, and no previous orthodontic treatment. All cephalometric landmarks were located and determined and subsequently tracings were done according to Bjork-Jarabak's analysis. Results: The results of the present study revealed a statistically significant difference between the genders on almost all measured values. Bangladeshi male showed significantly larger saddle angle, articular angle, gonial angle, mandibular body length, SNA, SNB, LI to mandibular plane angle, inter incisai angle and anterior facial height than those of the Bangladeshi females. Mean values of cephalometric norms of Bangladeshi adults were very much different than the Bjork-Jarabak's established cephalometric norms. Conclusion: In summary, the results revealed significant linear and angular differences in craniofacial morphology between Bjork-Jarabak's norms and Bangladeshi adults, as well as among Bangladeshi males and females. This data can be a useful reference of cephalometric norms of Bangladeshi adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The soft tissue characteristics of Bangladeshi adult were investigated in order to formulate ccphalometric soft - tissue norms using Holdway's angular and linear measurements and to compare the mean difference with the established value of Holdway's cephalometric soft tissue norms. Materials and Methods: The hundred (100) standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs of Bangladeshi adults studied included 50 males and 50 females, with an average age of 20 years. The criteria of selection were Class I incisor relationship with no crowding, no skeletal abnormality, balanced facial skeletal profile and no previous orthodontic treatment. All cephalometric landmarks were located and determined and subsequently tracing had been done according to Holdway's analysis. Results: The results showed that some measurements were significant at various levels: soft tissue facial angle (P < 0.001), soft tissue Sn to H line (P < 0.001), U/Lip thickness (P < 0.001), UL-A point (P < 0.05) and H angle (P < 0.05). Mean values of Holdway's cephalometric soft tissue norms of Bangladeshi adult were almost similar except for the convexity and soft tissue facial angle than the Holdway's established cephalometric soft tissue norms. Conclusion: In summary, the results revealed that the face tends to be more straight in Bangladeshi female compared to Bangladeshi male. The changes in Holdway measurements in Bangladeshi adult showed similarities except for the convexity and soft tissue facial angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We report the isolation of N-acyl homoserine lactone-producing Enterobacter sp. isolate T1-1 from the posterior dorsal surfaces of the tongue of a healthy individual. Spent supernatants extract from Enterobacter sp. isolate T1-1 activated the biosensor Agrobacterium tumefaciens NTL4(pZLR4), suggesting production of long chain AHLs by these isolates. High resolution mass spectrometry analysis of these extracts confirmed that Enterobacter sp. isolate T1-1 produced a long chain N-acyl homoserine lactone, namely N-dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone (C12-HSL). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first isolation of Enterobacter sp., strain T1-1 from the posterior dorsal surface of the human tongue and N-acyl homoserine lactones production by this bacterium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study exploring the cephalometric norms of men and women adults from Bangladesh using Down's analysis. Findings suggests that Bangladeshi male showed significantly larger features including facial angle, mandibuar plane angle and the mean values of their Down's cephalometric norms than the Down's established cephalometric norms. It concludes that these studies may be specific to an ethnic group and cannot always be applied to other ethnic types.

The article reports a study which was conducted to determine cephalometric norm according to Steiner's analysis and to evaluate differences exists between Bangladeshi adult male and female. The results revealed that there was significant difference between the genders on almost all values. They indicate that craniofacial morphology of the Bangladeshi male using Steiner's analysis is different from Bangladeshi female. The values provided here would help in managing orthodontic patients of adults.

The article focuses on the guidelines for proper practice of dental radiography developed from the U.S. and Europe. It cites the deterministic and stochastic effects of X-ray exposure on the human body. It states the importance of posterior bitewing radiograph as an adjunct tool to clinical diagnosis. Also noted is the need for thyroid protection in cephalometric radiography if the beam collimation does not remove the thyroid gland.

Objective: The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence, size, shape, and location of torus palatinus (TP), torus mandibularis (TM), and to investigate their sex- and age-related differences in a Malaysian population. Methods: Nine hundred and ninety six (996) study model were assessment for the presence of both tori at Orthodontic Clinic, Hospital University Science Malaysia (HUSM). Results: Out of the 996 study model examined, 379 had TP, 3 had TM. The prevalence of TP and TM in the subjects was 38.05% and 0.3%, respectively. TP was significantly more common in females than in males (39.64% versus 33.94%). TP were frequently found in small sizes and majorities were flat type. The prevalence of TM was higher in females than in males (0.2% versus 0.1%). TM occurred most commonly in small size, bilateral forms, and was often located at the premolar area. Females have both tori occurring concurrently more than male (Ratio 1.5-1.2 to 1). Conclusion: The prevalence of both tori in this Malaysian population was comparable to the Mongoloids and other Asian populations. Statistically significant differences in the prevalence and size of tori in regard to sex and age were also found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study which examined the cephalometric lip morphology of adults in Bangladesh. A number of Bangladeshi adults with ages ranging from 18 to 24 served as subjects in this study. Cephalometric measurements were performed using student t-test and descriptive statistics. Results of the study showed that adult males' lips were more protruded than those of females.

Objectives: Lateral cephalometric standards of normal Bangladeshi adult male and female were developed using the Harvold's widespread cephalometric analyses that are specific for orthodontic and orthognathic surgery. And also compare the mean difference between present study and established value of Harvold's norms. Materials and Methods: Cephalometric radiographs of 100 Bangladeshi adults were analyzed, and the mean values of their hard and soft tissue measurements were compared between males and females and with those of Caucasian norms. Results: Statistically significant disparities were found in the Bangladeshi sample, and had almost similar craniofacial morphology except incisors procumbent relation than Harvold's white sample. However, there is a distinct sexual dimorphism were found in the Bangladeshi sample. Conclusion: Lateral cephalometric norms are precise for the ethnic group, but these values should not be interpreted as treatment aim. Normative data represents an assist for the diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontic and orthognathic surgery according to the desires and prospect of each individual patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine cephalometric norms according to McNamara's analysis and to evaluate differences existing between Bangladeshi adult male and female. And also to compare the mean difference between present study and established value of McNamara's norms. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out on 100 standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs. The subjects included 50 males and 50 females. The ages of the subjects ranged from 18 to 24 years with a mean age of 20 years. The criteria of selection were Class I incisor relationship without any crowding, no skeletal abnormality, and no previous orthodontic treatment. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were traced and produced the values to assess the McNamara's Variables. Results: There was a significant difference between the genders on some values. Generally in Bangladeshi male, both the maxilla and mandible were positioned forward. The values were consistently larger than the McNamara's established cephalometric norms. Conclusion: The cephalometric norms are specific for race and gender. The values provided here would aid in the diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontic/orthognathic patients of Bangladeshi adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The main objective is to describe the dental restorative treatment performed on a 24 years old Bornean Orang Utan (Pongo Pygmaeus). Methods: Pre-operative radiograph employing paralleling technique with an occlusal radiograph was undertaken. Fortunately no sign of periapical disease was observed and “sandwich technique” to restore the deeply carious lesion was performed. The post-treatment radiography indicated appropriate margin continuity of the restoration. Results: A contact conversation with the Zoo veterinarian after two months confirmed that the Orang Utan was pain free and is able to eat well. Conclusion: There is a possibility that routine dental treatment done on human beings can be performed on nonhuman primates without any complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To study the success and failures of the mediation process of complaints from 2004-2007 by the Complaints Bureau Steering Committee and the Public Complaints Bureau Committee of the Malaysian Dental Association (MDA)., Methods: Retrospective analysis of complaints from the records at the MDA., Results: There were 41 cases during the three years, most involved surgical procedures (9), endodontics (9), miscellaneous (8), orthodontics (6), restorative problems (6) and prosthetics (2). Chinese patients made the most complaints (67%) followed by Malay patients (23%), foreigners (7%) and Indians (3%). 69% of the cases where against dentists working in the Klang Valley, 14% in Johore and the rest in various part of the country. 69% of the cases were successfully mediated, 10% unresolved and the 21% are in various stages of mediation., Conclusion: It is heartening to report that the MDA has successfully mediated in a sizeable number of the complaints which are increasing yearly.