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Abstract A global crisis caused by unsustainable practices and their detrimental effects on civilization has compelled us to rethink the adoption of green consumption practices. This study aims to determine the determinants of green consumption behavior among Chinese youth. Based on the integrated frameworks of two renowned theories, the knowledge-attitude-practice model and the theory of planned behavior, this study proposes 11 hypotheses for empirical investigation. An online survey was used for a quantitative cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of young Chinese consumers. A dataset comprising 876 observations was examined by applying partial least squares structural equation modeling using Smart-PLS 4.0. The results show that green consumption intention and perceived behavioral control significantly affect green consumption behavior. Attitudes towards eco-social benefits, attitudes towards green consumption, and subjective norms positively affect green consumption intentions. In addition, environmental concern and knowledge positively affected all three attitude dimensions. The study further identified that green self-identity moderates the connection between green consumption intention and green consumption behavior, whereas ecolabelling is not a significant moderator of the same relationship. The theoretical contribution of this study is that it employs multigroup analysis to investigate gender- and income-based variations in the relationships, offering a comprehensive framework integrating theories along with dimensions of attitude, which offers nuanced insights into green consumption behavior. Regarding its policy implications, this study highlights the necessity of promoting environmental concern and knowledge through education and awareness campaigns while supporting eco-social benefits and green consumption practices, which can be a potent way to promote positive attitudes, intentions, and sustainable behaviors among the general population.

Abstract Accurately predicting the state of health (SOH) of lithium-ion batteries is fundamental in estimating their remaining lifespan. Various parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature significantly influence the battery’s SOH. However, existing data-driven methods necessitate substantial data from the target domain for training, which hampers the assessment of lithium-ion battery health at the initial stage. To address these challenges, this paper introduces the multi-head attention-time convolution network (MHAT-TCN), amalgamating multi-head attention learning with random block dropout techniques. Additionally, it employs grey relational analysis (GRA) to select health indicators (HIs) highly correlated with battery capacity, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the model training. Employing leave-one-out crossvalidation (LOOCV), the MHAT-TCN network is pre-trained using data from batteries of the same model to facilitate comprehensive prediction of the target battery throughout its operational period. Results demonstrate that the MHAT-TCN network trained on HIs outperforms other models, enabling precise predictions across the entire operational period.

To investigate the mechanism of rosmarinic acid in alleviating food allergy, an integrated approach, involving network pharmacology, molecular docking and lipid-omics were employed to investigate the potential mechanism of rosmarinic acid (RA) in alleviating food allergy. To obtain potential therapeutic targets for RA, database analysis platform such as database and analysis platform (TCMSP), Swiss Target Prediction, Pharm Mapper, Super Pred and Gene Cards were employed. The ''active ingredient-target'' protein-protein (PPI) network was constructed using Cytoscape software and the String database. The validation of molecular docking was performed using AutoDockTools software. Furthermore, a food allergy mouse model using ovalbumin (OVA) and lipid metabolism studies on mouse serum based on high-resolution mass spectrometry were applied to investigate the antiallergic effect of RA and the underling mechanism. Results showed that, through the network pharmacology analysis, a total of 46 associated target proteins were identified. The geno ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the target proteins indicated that RA primarily exerted its effects through modulation of protein phosphorylation and the binding between glycosphingolipids, phospholipids and steroids. The kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that the associated targets were mainly enriched in the Th1/Th2 cell differentiation pathways, lipid metabolism and inflammatory bowel disease pathways. The results indicated that RA intervention could significantly suppress the elevation of allergic mediators in the serum of mice sensitizes with OVA. In addition, the RA intervention group showed a decrease in the levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the mouse serum. In lipidomics analysis, 25 and 36 differentially expressed lipid metabolites were screened in positive and negative ion modes, respectively. Enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed lipid metabolites indicated that the serum lipid metabolism in mice affected glycerophospholipid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolic pathways. Therefore, this study demonstrated that RA primarily exerted its alleviating effect on food allergies by regulating lipid metabolism and the body's inflammatory response.

Abstract Background Moral distress occurs in daily nursing work and plagues nurses. Improving the level of moral courage is one of the main strategies to reduce moral distress, and low levels of moral courage may lead to nurse burnout, increased turnover, and reduced quality of care. Methods Nine electronic databases in Chinese and English were searched for the level of moral courage among nurses, including PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, CNKI, Wan fang, Wei pu, CBM and Cochrane Library, for the period from the date of database creation to April 5, 2023. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies, followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the Meta-analysis and Systematic Reviews of Observational Studies guidelines, and data from the included studies were meta-analyzed in STATA version 15 using a fixed-effects model. Results Seventeen cross-sectional studies of moderate or high quality met the eligibility criteria and involved 7718 nurses, and the Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale (NMCS) was used to measure the self-assessed moral courage level of nurses. Eleven of these studies reported total scores for nurses’ moral courage, and the meta-analysis results showed a pooled mean score of 78.94 (95% CI: 72.17, 85.72); Fourteen studies reported mean entry scores for nurses’ moral courage, and the meta-analysis results showed a pooled mean score of 3.93 (95% CI: 3.64, 4.23). Conclusion The results of the meta-analysis showed that nurses’ moral courage levels were in the medium to high range, among the nurses who seemed to be male, non-nursing managers, high school education, had not experienced ethical issues, and considering resignation had lower levels of moral courage. The results of the meta-analysis may provide some reference for nursing managers and even hospital administrators to develop strategies to optimize nursing quality.

Abstract Background As the most malignant tumor of the female reproductive system, ovarian cancer (OC) has garnered increasing attention. The Warburg effect, driven by glycolysis, accounts for tumor cell proliferation under aerobic conditions. However, the metabolic heterogeneity linked to glycolysis in OC remains elusive. Methods We integrated single-cell data with OC to score glycolysis level in tumor cell subclusters. This led to the identification of a subcluster predominantly characterized by glycolysis, with a strong correlation to patient prognosis. Core transcription factors were pinpointed using hdWGCNA and metaVIPER. A specific transcription factor regulatory network was then constructed. A glycolysis-related prognostic model was developed and tested for estimating OC prognosis with a total of 85 machine-learning combinations, focusing on specific upregulated genes of two subtypes. We identified IGF2 as a key within the prognostic model and investigated its impact on OC progression and drug resistance through in vitro experiments, including the transwell assay, lactate production detection, and the CCK-8 assay. Results Analysis showed that the Malignant 7 subcluster was primarily related to glycolysis. Two OC molecular subtypes, CS1 and CS2, were identified with distinct clinical, biological, and microenvironmental traits. A prognostic model was built, and IGF2 emerged as a key gene linked to prognosis. Experiments have proven that IGF2 can promote the glycolysis pathway and the malignant biological progression of OC cells. Conclusions We developed two novel OC subtypes based on glycolysis score, established a stable prognostic model, and identified IGF2 as the marker gene. These insights provided a new avenue for exploring OC’s molecular mechanisms and personalized treatment approaches.

Abstract This study explores the factors influencing university students’ social entrepreneurial intentions based on the values-beliefs-norms theory. Data were collected from 769 Chinese university students through online surveys. The hypotheses were tested using partial least squares-structural equation modeling. The results confirmed the positive influence of altruistic and traditional values on normative beliefs. Awareness of the consequences and attribution of responsibility had no significant effect on personal norms among university students, which have been discussed in-depth in relation to the phenomenon of inadequate student socialization due to closed-loop management policies at Chinese universities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the findings verified the positive and significant effects of personal, injunctive, and descriptive social norms on social entrepreneurship intentions. With the aim of promoting social entrepreneurship among university students and broadening the understanding of the phenomenon of social entrepreneurs, this study provides a favorable direction and expands the discussion on the topic. The results will help the government and universities foster more effective prosocial behaviors among university students.

Abstract Background This study explores the diagnostic value of combining fractional-order calculus (FROC) diffusion-weighted model with simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) acceleration technology in distinguishing benign and malignant breast lesions. Methods 178 lesions (73 benign, 105 malignant) underwent magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging using multiple b-values (14 b-values, highest 3000 s/mm2). Independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test compared image quality scores, FROC model parameters (D,, ), and ADC values between two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified independent variables and constructed nomograms. Model discrimination ability was assessed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration chart. Spearman correlation analysis and Bland-Altman plot evaluated parameter correlation and consistency. Results Malignant lesions exhibited lower D, and ADC values than benign lesions (P

Abstract Advancements in the online food delivery market in China have resulted from the rapid development and popularity of mobile communications and smartphones, which are currently applied by mobile and online application developers to restaurants and food delivery services for high sales revenue and fulfilment of Chinese consumers at home. The current work aims to thoroughly examine the four information quality dimensions (i.e. intrinsic quality, contextual quality, representational quality and accessibility quality), perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and perceived convenience and their subsequent implications on user satisfaction and reuse intention of online food delivery applications. By analysing the roles of these factors, we underscore how innovative technology and entrepreneurial strategies can drive customer engagement and satisfaction in the rapidly evolving online food delivery market. The theoretical model proposed in this study was tested through partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Resultantly, intrinsic quality, contextual quality, representational quality, accessibility quality, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use showed a positive and statistically significant effect on user satisfaction, whereas contextual, representational, and accessibility quality, perceived usefulness, perceived convenience, and customer satisfaction positively and significantly affected users’ intention to reuse the online food delivery applications. The key determinant of reuse intention was customers’ personal satisfaction. In order to improve the continuous usage intention of online food delivery applications, application developers and the food industry should therefore focus on providing accurate and up-to-date information, which is expected to boost user satisfaction and reuse intentions.

Abstract Aiming at the problem of zero sequence voltage generated by unbalance parameters of line to ground, which affects arc suppression effect of grounding fault of controllable voltage source. By analyzing the influence of ground unbalance parameters on the arc suppression effect of controllable voltage source under different grounding modes, the mechanism of full compensation arc suppression based on zero sequence voltage of neutral point is revealed, and on this basis, a fully compensated arc suppression model of controllable voltage source controlled by double closed loop PI is established, and the deviation control is carried out by using the neutral voltage of distribution network and the voltage of fault phase supply. The residual voltage ring adopts the ground fault phase residual voltage for closed loop control. The simulation results show that the dual-closed-loop PI control algorithm can continuously stabilize the output waveform of the controllable voltage source. When the transition resistance is 0.1 ~ 10 kΩ, the residual voltage stabilization time of the independent controllable voltage source grounding method is 43 ms ~ 2.4 s, and the parallel arc suppression coil grounding method is 43 ms ~ 4.7 s. The proposed dual closed-loop PI control method for neutral point voltage deviation and fault residual voltage can stabilize the residual voltage of the grounded fault phase to below 10 V, forcing reliable arc extinction at the grounded fault point, exhibiting good stability. Low-voltage simulation tests have also proved the feasibility of the algorithm.

Abstract Background In patients with unprotected left main coronary artery disease (ULMCAD), this study compared the long-term prognosis of drug-eluting stent insertion guided by intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) vs. angiography. Patients and methods This retrospective consort investigation was performed in December 2021. This analysis included 199 patients who underwent IVUS-guided (IVUS group, n = 81) or angiography-guided (angiography group, n = 118) drug-eluting stent implantation at the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University between September 2013 and September 2018. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were defined as cardiovascular death, sudden cardiac death, myocardial infarction. Results The IVUS group had considerably lower proportions of MACE within 1 year postoperatively (P = 0.002) and cardiac mortality within 3 years postoperatively (P = 0.018) compared to the angiography group. However, after adjusting for confounding variables, the hazard ratio for 3-year cardiac mortality was similar between the two groups (P = 0.28). In the IVUS group, there was considerably greater minimum lumen diameter (MLD) (P = 0.046), and reduced frequencies of target vessel restenosis (P

Abstract Background Jiaohong pills (JHP) consist of Pericarpium Zanthoxyli (PZ) and Radix Rehmanniae, two herbs that have been extensively investigated over many years due to their potential protective effects against cognitive decline and memory impairment. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects remain elusive. Here, research studies were conducted to investigate and validate the therapeutic effects of JHP on Alzheimer's disease. Methods BV‐2 cell inflammation was induced by lipopolysaccharide. AD mice were administered amyloid‐β (Aβ). Behavioral experiments were used to evaluate learning and memory ability. The levels of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) were detected using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the phosphorylation level of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) were detected using Western blot. Nissl staining was used to detect neuronal degeneration. Results The results demonstrated that an alcoholic extract of PZ significantly decreased the levels of NO, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and iNOS; increased the expression level of IL‐10; and significantly decreased the phosphorylation levels of MAPK and NF‐κB. These inhibitory effects were further confirmed in the AD mouse model. Meanwhile, JHP improved learning and memory function in AD mice, reduced neuronal damage, and enriched the Nissl bodies in the hippocampus. Moreover, IL‐1β and TNF‐α in the cortex were significantly downregulated after JHP administration, whereas IL‐10 showed increased expression. Conclusions It was found that JHP reduced neuroinflammatory response in AD mice by targeting the MAPK/NF‐κB signaling pathway.

Abstract Background Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is a significant health concern in children worldwide. In this study, we aimed to analyze the clinical features, antibiotic resistance, and risk variables for poor outcomes in patients with IPD in Hangzhou. Methods A retrospective single-centre study was performed using the pediatric intensive care (PIC) database from 2010 to 2018. The clinical characteristics, laboratory data, antimicrobial resistance, and risk factors for in-hospital mortality and sepsis in patients with IPD in intensive care units (ICUs) were analyzed systematically. Results A total of 178 IPD patients were included in the study. The majority of the IPD children were 2–10 years old. Antimicrobial resistance tests of S. pneumoniae isolates revealed high resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline and compound sulfamethoxazole (SMZ-Co). All the isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, telithromycin, ofloxacin, and levofloxacin. IPD patients may experience poor outcomes, including death and sepsis. The in-hospital mortality was 3.93%, and 34.27% of patients suffered from sepsis. Temperature (OR 3.80, 95% CI 1.62–8.87; P = 0.0021), Partial Pressure of Oxygen in Arterial Blood (PaO2) (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98-1.00; P = 0.0266), and albumin (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.80–0.99; P = 0.0329) were found to be independent risk factors for sepsis in children with IPD. Conclusion Pediatric IPD deserves attention in China. Appropriate surveillance and antibiotic selection are crucial in managing resistant strains. Early identification of high-risk individuals with risk factors contributes to the development of appropriate treatment strategies.

Abstract Aim This study aimed to investigate how blood lipids are associated with diabetes among older Chinese adults. Methods 3,268,928 older Chinese adults without known diabetes were included. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were conducted to study associations between blood lipids (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]) and diabetes. Results 202,832 diabetes cases were included. Compared with the lowest quintiles, TC, TG, and LDL-C in the highest quintiles showed a higher diabetes prevalence risk and HDL-C presented a lower risk in multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the highest quintiles of TC, TG, and HDL-C were 1.39 (1.37–1.41), 2.56 (2.52–2.60), and 0.73 (0.72–0.74), respectively. For LDL-C, 3–5% lower risk was found in the second and third quintiles, and 4–23% higher risk was found in the fourth and fifth quintiles. RCS curves showed a non-linear relationship between each blood lipid parameters and diabetes (P-non-linear

Abstract Objective About 10% of patients after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) would undergo acute liver injury, which aggravated the mortality of patients. Ac2-26 has been demonstrated to ameliorate organic injury by inhibiting inflammation. The present study aims to evaluate the effect and mechanism of Ac2-26 on acute liver injury after CPB. Methods A total of 32 SD rats were randomized into sham, CPB, Ac, and Ac/AKT1 groups. The rats only received anesthesia, and rats in other groups received CPB. The rats in Ac/AKT1 were pre-injected with the shRNA to interfere with the expression of AKT1. The rats in CPB were injected with saline, and rats in Ac and Ac/AKT1 groups were injected with Ac2-26. After 12 h of CPB, all the rats were sacrificed and the peripheral blood and liver samples were collected to analyze. The inflammatory factors in serum and liver were detected. The liver function was tested, and the pathological injury of liver tissue was evaluated. Results Compared with the sham group, the inflammatory factors, liver function, and pathological injury were worsened after CPB. Compared with the CPB group, the Ac2-26 significantly decreased the pro-inflammatory factors and increased the anti-inflammatory factor, improved liver function, and ameliorated the pathological injury. All the therapeutic effects of Ac2-26 were notably attenuated by the shRNA of AKT1. The Ac2-26 increased the GSK3β and eNOS, and this promotion was inhibited by the shRNA. Conclusion The Ac2-26 significantly treated the liver injury, inhibited inflammation, and improved liver function. The effect of Ac2-26 on liver injury induced by CPB was partly associated with the promotion of AKT1/GSK3β/eNOS.

Tebufenozide, an efficient insect growth regulator (IGR) against lepidopteran pests, presents a novel mode of action with minimal non-target impact. By competing with ecdysteroids for ecdysone receptor (EcR) binding, it regulates insect growth precisely. This study explores tebufenozide's potential as a multitarget IGR, targeting both EcR and Ostrinia furnacalis chitinase I (OfChtI). The inhibitory activity against OfChtI is comparable to that of substrates (GlcNAc)5, with an IC50 of 45.77 ​μM. Our computational findings indicate that tebufenozide binds at the subsite −1 to +1 of OfChtI through various interactions. Notably, tebufenozide establishes a pi-pi interaction with the flipped sidechain of Trp107, enabling tebufenozide to deeply penetrate into the S1 pocket, thereby obstructing substrate binding to OfChtI. These insights highlight the potency of multitarget strategies, laying the groundwork for innovative IGR designs that offer comprehensive pest management solutions.

Abstract To study the characteristics of nasal airflow in the presence of nasal cycle by computational fluid dynamics. CT scan data of a healthy Chinese individual was used to construct a three-dimensional model of the nasal cavity to be used as simulation domain. A sinusoidal airflow velocity is set at the nasal cavity entrance to reproduce the breathing pattern of a healthy human. There was a significant difference in the cross-sectional area between the two sides of the nasal cavity. Particularly, the decongested side is characterized by a larger cross-section area, and consequently, by a larger volume with respect to the congested side. The airflow velocity, pressure, and nasal resistance were higher on the congested narrow side. The temperature regulation ability on the congested narrow side was stronger than that on the decongested wider side. During the nasal cycle, there are differences in the nasal cavity function between the congested and decongested sides. Therefore, when evaluating the impact of various factors on nasal cavity function, the nasal cycle should be considered.

Abstract Macrophage-orchestrated inflammation contributes to multiple diseases including sepsis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be defined clearly. Here, we show that macrophage TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) is up-regulated in murine sepsis models. When myeloid Tigar is ablated, sepsis induced by either lipopolysaccharide treatment or cecal ligation puncture in male mice is attenuated via inflammation inhibition. Mechanistic characterizations indicate that TIGAR directly binds to transforming growth factor β-activated kinase (TAK1) and promotes tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6-mediated ubiquitination and auto-phosphorylation of TAK1, in which residues 152-161 of TIGAR constitute crucial motif independent of its phosphatase activity. Interference with the binding of TIGAR to TAK1 by 5Z-7-oxozeaenol exhibits therapeutic effects in male murine model of sepsis. These findings demonstrate a non-canonical function of macrophage TIGAR in promoting inflammation, and confer a potential therapeutic target for sepsis by disruption of TIGAR-TAK1 interaction.

Abstract Background Radiologic volumetric evaluation of Wilms’ tumor (WT) is an important indicator to guide treatment decisions. However, due to the heterogeneity of the tumors, radiologists have main-guard differences in diagnosis that can lead to misdiagnosis and poor treatment. The aim of this study was to explore whether CT-based outlining of WT foci can be automated using deep learning. Methods We included CT intravenous phase images of 105 patients with WT and double-blind outlining of lesions by two radiologists. Then, we trained an automatic segmentation model using nnUnet. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and 95th percentile Hausdorff distance (HD95) were used to assess the performance. Next, we optimized the automatic segmentation results based on the ratio of the three-dimensional diameter of the lesion to improve the performance of volumetric assessment. Results The DSC and HD95 was 0.83 ± 0.22 and 10.50 ± 8.98 mm. The absolute difference and percentage difference in tumor size was 72.27 ± 134.84 cm 3 and 21.08% ± 30.46%. After optimization according to our method, it decreased to 40.22 ± 96.06 cm 3 and 10.16% ± 9.70%. Conclusion We introduce a novel method that enhances the accuracy of predicting WT volume by integrating AI automated outlining and 3D tumor diameters. This approach surpasses the accuracy of using AI outcomes alone and has the potential to enhance the clinical evaluation of pediatric patients with WT. By intertwining AI outcomes with clinical data, this method becomes more interpretive and offers promising applications beyond Wilms tumor, extending to other pediatric diseases.

Abstract On June 6, 2023, the Kakhovka Dam in Ukraine experienced a catastrophic breach that led to the loss of life and substantial economic values. Prior to the breach, the supporting structures downstream of the spillway had shown signs of being compromised. Here, we use multi-source satellite data, meteorological reanalysis, and dam design criteria to document the dam’s pre-failure condition. We find that anomalous operation of the Kakhovka Dam began in November 2022, following the destruction of a bridge segment, which led to persistent overtopping from late April 2023 up to the breach, contributing to the erosion of the spillway foundation. Moreover, our findings also highlight safety and risk-reduction measures pivotal in avoiding such scenarios. To help prevent future disasters, we advocate for greater transparency in the design parameters of key water structures to enable risk management, and conclude that remote sensing technology can help ensuring water infrastructure safety.

SiCf/Ti2AlNb-reinforced Ti17 (SiCf/Ti2AlNb/Ti17) composites were fabricated through hot isostatic pressing. The designed SiCf/Ti2AlNb/Ti17 composites exhibited excellent tensile properties, with tensile strengths of 1657 MPa at room temperature and 1830 MPa at 450 °C. The microstructure, fracture morphology, and longitudinal section of the composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction techniques. The fracture process of SiCf/Ti2AlNb/Ti17 composites during room-temperature tensile tests was as follows: the SiCf/Ti2AlNb reaction layer first fractured, the crack extended into the Ti2AlNb matrix, the Ti2AlNb matrix crack extended to the adjacent reaction layer and promoted fiber fracture, the crack extended to the Ti2AlNb/Ti17 interface, ultimately the Ti17 capsule fractured. The fracture process of SiCf/Ti2AlNb/Ti17 composites during 450 °C tensile tests was as follows: the SiCf/Ti2AlNb reaction layer first fractured, multiple fiber fractures occurred, and the crack in the reaction layer entered the Ti2AlNb matrix, the crack extended to the Ti2AlNb/Ti17 interface, eventually the Ti17 capsule fractured. The room-temperature tensile fracture was fitted to the LLS model, while the tensile fracture at 450 °C was fitted to the GLS model. The different fracture processes indicated that the SiCf/Ti2AlNb/Ti17 composites were suitable for exploiting fiber strength at 450 °C and therefore exhibited excellent tensile strength.

Microstructure evolution during the hot isostatic pressing (HIP) of continuous silicon carbide fiber-reinforced Ti (SiCf/Ti) composites has not been investigated. In this study, SiCf/Ti60 composites were prepared via the HIP solidification method of Ti60 precursor wires. The evolution of the microstructure of the Ti60 precursor wires and SiCf/Ti60 composites was characterized using electron backscatter diffraction microscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The results showed that the deformation of α-Ti was mainly accomplished by basal dislocations and prismatic dislocations slip during the HIP process. After the completion of HIP, the low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) were reduced to 24.6%, and the average grain size of α-Ti was increased to 7.47 μm2. Two fiber textures, //axial direction (AD) and //AD strength, were present in α-Ti, with a 38% increase in //AD strength. The phase contents of 1.0% β-Ti and 0.6% (Ti, Zr)6Si3 precipitated from different locations in the Ti60 matrix and induced changes in misorientation.

Abstract Accurate simulation of lightning‐induced overvoltage for overhead distribution lines is helpful to prevent lightning trip accidents. An electromagnetic return‐stroke model was used to represent lightning and then a 3D finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method was adopted to simulate the lightning‐induced overvoltage on a distribution line without a field‐line coupling model. How lightning‐induced overvoltage behave for different ground conductivity and varying distance between the distribution line and the lightning channel was analysed. The results showed that the overvoltage waveforms at the centre point of the line corresponding to lightning strikes on the lossy ground and an ideal ground (σ = ∞) were similar; however, the peak amplitudes of the waveform were affected by soil conductivity at a close distance. The relationship between magnitude of the overvoltage and distance can be described by a second‐order exponential decay equation. Finally, the overvoltage calculated using the proposed model was compared with those obtained based on Agrawal's model and measurements made using the newly developed intelligent insulator on site. From these comparisons, it could be concluded that the FDTD method with the electromagnetic return‐stroke model produces reasonably accurate results of the attenuated oscillation waveform, which can better reproduce the overvoltage on operational distribution lines.

Abstract Cold-induced injuries severely limit opportunities and outcomes of hypothermic therapies and organ preservation, calling for better understanding of cold adaptation. Here, by surveying cold-altered chromatin accessibility and integrated CUT&Tag/RNA-seq analyses in human stem cells, we reveal forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) as a key transcription factor for autonomous cold adaptation. Accordingly, we find a nonconventional, temperature-sensitive FOXO1 transport mechanism involving the nuclear pore complex protein RANBP2, SUMO-modification of transporter proteins Importin-7 and Exportin-1, and a SUMO-interacting motif on FOXO1. Our conclusions are supported by cold survival experiments with human cell models and zebrafish larvae. Promoting FOXO1 nuclear entry by the Exportin-1 inhibitor KPT-330 enhances cold tolerance in pre-diabetic obese mice, and greatly prolongs the shelf-life of human and mouse pancreatic tissues and islets. Transplantation of mouse islets cold-stored for 14 days reestablishes normoglycemia in diabetic mice. Our findings uncover a regulatory network and potential therapeutic targets to boost spontaneous cold adaptation.

Objective(s): Bevacizumab is a commonly used anticancer drug in clinical practice, but it often leads to adverse reactions such as vascular endothelial damage, hypertension, arterial and venous thrombosis, and bleeding. This study investigated the protective effects of metformin against bevacizumab-induced vascular injury in a mouse model and examined the possible involvement of GDF15/PI3K/AKT/FOXO/PPARγ signaling in the effects.Materials and Methods: C57 male mice were purchased. To investigate metformin, the mice were assigned to the saline, bevacizumab (15 mg every 3 days), metformin (1200 mg/day), and bevacizumab+metformin groups. To investigate GDF15, the mice were assigned to the siNC+bevacizumab, siNC+bevacizumab+metformin, siGDF15+bevacizumab, and siGDF15+bevacizumab+metformin groups. Histological staining was used to evaluate vascular injury. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate apoptosis. ELISA was used to measure plasma endothelial injury markers and proinflammatory cytokines. qRT-PCR and western blot were used to determine the expression of GDF15 and PI3K/AKT/FOXO/PPARγ in aortic tissues.Results: Metformin alleviated bevacizumab-induced abdominal aortic injury, endothelial cell apoptosis, and systemic inflammation in mice (all P

Abstract Excessive use of agrochemicals and the misuse of natural resources severely degrade farmlands. In addition to organic farming, conservative agricultural practices are one of the most viable methods for preventing environmental deterioration. Its adoption has remained relatively modest in developing countries as farmers rely exclusively on synthetic inputs to attain high yields and economic returns. Therefore, this study focuses on the factors that influence farmers’ intention and adoption of conservative agricultural practices. This study extended the Value-Belief-Norm (VBN) framework with a new construct (green trust), and empirically evaluated all fundamental VBN components with their chained relationships among constructs. This cross-sectional study collected quantitative data from 349 farmers using structured interviews. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method was used to statistically evaluate the relationship between the constructs. The analysis demonstrates that both biospheric and altruistic values have a positive impact on the new environmental paradigm, which, in turn, has a significant impact on people’s awareness of consequences and personal norms. Although awareness of consequences had a substantial positive influence on the ascription of responsibilities, it was demonstrated to have a statistically insignificant impact on personal norms. In parallel, the ascription of responsibility had a strong impact on personal norms, which, in turn, positively influenced the intention towards conservative agricultural practices. Remarkably, green trust was found to have the greatest effect on farmers’ intentions. Finally, farmers’ actual adoption was significantly influenced by their intention. The findings of this study will contribute to the strengthening of relevant factors among farmers that may enhance eco-friendly farming practices, develop solutions for regulating the protected utilization of natural resources, and effectively prevent environmental deterioration caused by hazardous agrochemicals. The study will also provide guidance to government regulators and other social organizations in the formulation of effective laws, policies, and strategies for the mass adoption of conservation practices and restoration of agricultural ecosystem balance.

Abstract Organic food production is recognized by most countries and regions worldwide as a method of ecological and environmental protection because traditional agricultural practices significantly use pesticides and other chemicals, creating severe issues regarding the ecological, environmental, and food safety issues. Most research on organic production focuses on large-scale organic production. This study focuses on growing noncommercial, small-scale urban organic food using the value-belief-norm (VBN) model to explore the pro-environmental behavior regarding organic food production from a psychological perspective. We employed nonprobability sampling because of the absence of a sampling framework for the target population. We obtained a sample of 621 respondents from noncommercial urban botanists in China followed by quantitative methods to examine the relationships among variables using partial least squares structural equation modeling. This study focused on organic food behavior by modifying the VBN theory, which built trust in organic food production methods and developed a structural equation model to explain the underlying motivational factors that influenced the propensity to grow organic food. Finally, the path analysis results demonstrated that all hypothesized associations were statistically significant, except for the ecological worldview on personal norms and trust in organic food production, and personal norms on intention toward organic food production. Overall, the results of this study verify the validity of the VBN theory in the context of organic food consumption as a pro-environmental behavior. Therefore, relevant departments and governments should take measures to promote organic food production in China from a psychological perspective.

Abstract The issues of employment, social inequality, and resource scarcity can be effectively addressed through social entrepreneurship, contributing to the growing research interest on the formation of social entrepreneurial intention. Using the theory of planned behaviour, the current study examined the influence of selected key factors on social entrepreneurial intention among university students. Based on the cross-sectional quantitative research design, online survey was conducted, which involved 684 students and graduates from five universities in Southern China. The obtained results demonstrated the significant and positive influence of perceived values on sustainability, opportunity recognition competency, attitude towards entrepreneurship, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control on social entrepreneurial intention. Additionally, attitude towards entrepreneurship partially mediated the relationships of risk-taking propensity, self-efficacy, and need for achievement on social entrepreneurial intention. The multi-group analysis results also showed that need for achievement and social entrepreneurial intention differed significantly between genders, which provides new ideas for future investigations into the impact of gender on social entrepreneurial intentions. Based on the findings of this study, it is crucial that university students are exposed to relevant courses or training to develop social entrepreneurship competencies and promote sustainable values. The findings of this study will provide policymakers with relevant policy guidelines and more effective theoretical support to achieve the goal of promoting social entrepreneurship among university students in a more resource-efficient and effective manner.

Abstract There is a deficiency in population-based studies investigating the impact of HPV infection on vaginal microenvironment, which influences the risk of persistent HPV infection. This prospective study aimed to unravel the dynamics of vaginal microbiota (VM) and vaginal metabolome in reaction to the changed state of HPV infection. Our results propose that the vaginal metabolome may be a superior indicator to VM when assessing the impact of altered HPV state on the vaginal microenvironment.

Abstract Proteins containing a ubiquitin regulatory X (UBX) domain are cofactors of Cell Division Cycle 48 (CDC48) and function in protein quality control. However, whether and how UBX-containing proteins participate in host–microbe interactions remain unclear. Here we show that MoNLE1, an effector from the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is a core virulence factor that suppresses rice immunity by specifically interfering with OsPUX8B.2. The UBX domain of OsPUX8B.2 is required for its binding to OsATG8 and OsCDC48-6 and controls its 26 S proteasome–dependent stability. OsPUX8B.2 and OsCDC48-6 positively regulate plant immunity against blast fungus, while the high-temperature tolerance heat-shock protein OsBHT, a putative cytoplasmic substrate of OsPUX8B.2–OsCDC48-6, negatively regulates defense against blast infection. MoNLE1 promotes the nuclear migration and degradation of OsPUX8B.2 and disturbs its association with OsBHT. Given the high conservation of MoNLE1 among fungal isolates, plants with broad and durable blast resistance might be generated by engineering intracellular proteins resistant to MoNLE1.

Abstract Alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome(MetS), both prevalent in the general population, frequently co-occur. They are recognized as significant contributors to liver dysfunction, yet their combined effect is often challenging to delineate. This study delves into the compounding influence of alcohol consumption and metabolic disorder on liver dysfunction within an elderly demographic in Zhejiang Province, China. Our findings spotlight a heightened risk of liver dysfunction among females, younger individuals, rural dwellers, those with minimal educational attainment, single individuals, and those diagnosed with MetS. We also discerned a positive correlation correlation between the number of MetS components and the propensity for liver dysfunction. Furthermore, the risk of liver dysfunction escalated in tandem with the frequency of alcohol consumption. Interestingly, a prolonged abstinence period (≥ 5 years) seemed to mitigate this risk. Our research underscores the significance of refraining from excessive alcohol consumption, embracing a healthy lifestyle, and managing MetS components-especially triglyceride levels-for effective prevention of liver dysfunction.

Abstract Background Intensive longitudinal data (ILD) collected in near real time by mobile health devices provide a new opportunity for monitoring chronic diseases, early disease risk prediction, and disease prevention in health research. Functional data analysis, specifically functional principal component analysis, has great potential to abstract trends in ILD but has not been used extensively in mobile health research. Objective To introduce functional principal component analysis (fPCA) and demonstrate its potential applicability in estimating trends in ILD collected by mobile heath devices, assessing longitudinal association between ILD and health outcomes, and predicting health outcomes. Methods fPCA and scalar-to-function regression models were reviewed. A case study was used to illustrate the process of abstracting trends in intensively self-measured blood glucose using functional principal component analysis and then predicting future HbA1c values in patients with type 2 diabetes using a scalar-to-function regression model. Results Based on the scalar-to-function regression model results, there was a slightly increasing trend between daily blood glucose measures and HbA1c. 61% of variation in HbA1c could be predicted by the three preceding months’ blood glucose values measured before breakfast (P

Abstract Objective Tumors are highly heterogeneous, and within their parenchyma, a small population of tumor-stem cells possessing differentiation potential, high oncogenicity, and self-renewal capabilities exists. These cells are pivotal in mediating tumor development, chemotherapy resistance, and recurrence. Ovarian cancer shares characteristics with tumor stem cells, making it imperative to investigate molecular markers associated with these cells. Methods Stem cell-related genes were collected, and molecular subtypes were established based on gene expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas using the R package tool “ConsensusClusterPlus.” Multi-gene prognostic markers were identified using LASSO regression analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis was employed to gain insights into the potential molecular mechanisms of these identified markers. The robustness of these prognostic markers was analyzed across different cohorts, and their clinical independence was determined through multivariate Cox analysis. A nomogram was constructed to assess the model’s clinical applicability. Immunohistochemistry was performed to validate the expression of hub genes. Results Utilizing 49 tumor stem cell-related genes associated with prognosis, 362 ovarian cancer samples were divided into two distinct clusters, revealing significant prognostic disparities. A seven-gene signature (GALP, CACNA1C, COL16A1, PENK, C4BPA, PSMA2, and CXCL9), identified through LASSO regression, exhibited stability and robustness across various platforms. Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed the signature’s independence in predicting survival in patients with ovarian cancer. Furthermore, a nomogram combining the gene signature demonstrated strong predictive abilities. Immunohistochemistry results indicated significantly elevated GALP, CACNA1C, COL16A1, PENK, C4BPA, PSMA2, and CXCL9 expression in cancer tissues. Conclusion The seven-gene signature holds promise as a valuable tool for decision-making and prognosis prediction in patients with ovarian cancer.

Abstract Objectives Soybean is an important feed and oil crop in the world due to its high protein and oil content. China has a collection of more than 43,000 soybean germplasm resources, which provides a rich genetic diversity for soybean breeding. However, the rich genetic diversity poses great challenges to the genetic improvement of soybean. This study reports on the de novo genome assembly of HJ117, a soybean variety with high protein content of 52.99%. These data will prove to be valuable resources for further soybean quality improvement research, and will aid in the elucidation of regulatory mechanisms underlying soybean protein content. Data description We generated a contiguous reference genome of 1041.94 Mb for HJ117 using a combination of Illumina short reads (23.38 Gb) and PacBio long reads (25.58 Gb), with high-quality sequence coverage of approximately 22.44× and 24.55×, respectively. HJ117 was developed through backcross breeding, using Jidou 12 as the recurrent parent and Chamoshidou as the donor parent. The assembly was further assisted by 114.5 Gb Hi-C data (109.9×), resulting in a contig N50 of 19.32 Mb and scaffold N50 of 51.43 Mb. Notably, Core Eukaryotic Genes Mapping Approach (CEGMA) assessment and Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) assessment results indicated that most core eukaryotic genes (97.18%) and genes in the BUSCO dataset (99.4%) were identified, and 96.44% of the genomic sequences were anchored onto twenty pseudochromosomes.

Background Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) poses a significant threat to patients on Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs), with existing risk scores inadequately predicting ICH risk in these patients. We aim to develop and validate a predictive model for ICH risk in DOAC-treated patients. Methods 24,794 patients treated with a DOAC were identified in a province-wide electronic medical and health data platform in Tianjin, China. The cohort was randomly split into a 4:1 ratio for model development and validation. We utilized forward stepwise selection, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) to select predictors. Model performance was compared using the area under the curve (AUC) and net reclassification index (NRI). The optimal model was stratified and compared with the DOAC model. Results The median age is 68.0 years, and 50.4% of participants are male. The XGBoost model, incorporating six independent factors (history of hemorrhagic stroke, peripheral artery disease, venous thromboembolism, hypertension, age, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels), demonstrated superior performance in the development dateset. It showed moderate discrimination (AUC: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.64–0.73), outperforming existing DOAC scores (ΔAUC = 0.063, P = 0.003; NRI = 0.374, P

BackgroundQianggu Concentrate (QGHJ), a traditional Chinese medicine, is extensively used to treat Type 2 Diabetic Osteoporosis (T2DOP). Despite its widespread use, research on its therapeutic mechanisms within T2DOP is notably scarce.ObjectiveTo explore QGHJ’s osteoprotection in T2DOP rats and BMSCs, focusing on the antioxidant activation of SIRT1/NRF2/HO-1 and NRF2 nuclear migration.MethodsQGHJ constituent analysis was performed using UPLC-HRMS. Safety, bone-health efficacy, and glucose metabolic effects in T2DOP rats were evaluated via general condition assessments, biomarker profiling, micro-CT, biomechanics, staining methods, and ELISA, supplemented by RT-qPCR and Western blot. BMSCs’ responses to QGHJ under oxidative stress, including viability, apoptosis, and osteogenic differentiation, were determined using CCK-8, flow cytometry, ALP/ARS staining, and molecular techniques. The modulation of the SIRT1/NRF2/HO-1 pathway by QGHJ was explored through oxidative stress biomarkers, immunofluorescence, and Western blot assays.ResultsUPLC-HRMS identified flavonoids, monoterpenes, and isoflavones as QGHJ’s key compounds. In vivo, QGHJ proved safe and effective for T2DOP rats, enhancing bone mineral density, microenvironment, and biomechanical properties without impairing vital organs. It modulated bone markers PINP, TRACP 5b, RUNX2 and PPARγ, favoring bone anabolism and reduced catabolism, thus optimizing bone integrity. QGHJ also regulated glycemia and mitigated insulin resistance. In vitro, it preserved BMSCs’ viability amidst oxidative stress, curbed apoptosis, and fostered osteogenesis with regulated RUNX2/PPARγ expression. Mechanistic insights revealed QGHJ activated the SIRT1/NRF2/HO-1 pathway, augmented NRF2 nuclear translocation, and enhanced the antioxidative response, promoting bone health under stress.ConclusionIn T2DOP rat and BMSCs oxidative stress models, QGHJ’s bone protection is anchored in its antioxidative mechanisms via the SIRT1/NRF2/HO-1 pathway activation and NRF2 nuclear translocation.

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in immediate tissue necrosis and delayed secondary expansion of neurological damage, often resulting in lifelong paralysis, neurosensory dysfunction, and chronic pain. Progressive hemorrhagic necrosis (PHN) and excessive excitation are the main sources of secondary neural injury. Recent approaches to attenuate PHN by glibenclamide can improve locomotor function after SCI. However, use of glibenclamide can exacerbate development of SCI-induced chronic pain by inhibiting KATP channels to increase neuronal excitation and glial activation. In this study, we explored a treatment strategy involving administration of glibenclamide, which suppresses PHN, and diazoxide, which protects against neuronal excitation and inflammation, at different time intervals following spinal cord contusion. Our goal was to determine whether this combined approach enhances both sensory and motor function. Contusive SCI was induced at spinal segment T10 in adult rats. We found that KATP channels opener, diazoxide, decreased the hyperexcitability of primary sensory neurons after SCI by electrophysiology. Timed application of glibenclamide and diazoxide following contusion significantly improved locomotor function and mitigated development of SCI-induced chronic pain, as shown by behavioral evidence. Finally, we found that timed application of glibenclamide and diazoxide attenuates the inflammatory activity in the spinal cord and increases the survival of spinal matters following SCI. These preclinical studies introduce a promising potential treatment strategy to address SCI-induced dysfunction.

Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell demise characterized primarily by the reduction of trivalent iron to divalent iron, leading to the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequent induction of intense oxidative stress. In atherosclerosis (AS), highly accumulated lipids are modified by ROS to promote the formation of lipid peroxides, further amplifying cellular oxidative stress damage to influence all stages of atherosclerotic development. Macrophages are regarded as pivotal executors in the progression of AS and the handling of iron, thus targeting macrophage iron metabolism holds significant guiding implications for exploring potential therapeutic strategies against AS. In this comprehensive review, we elucidate the potential interplay among iron overload, inflammation, and lipid dysregulation, summarizing the potential mechanisms underlying the suppression of AS by alleviating iron overload. Furthermore, the application of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is increasingly widespread. Based on extant research and the pharmacological foundations of active compounds of TCM, we propose alternative therapeutic agents for AS in the context of iron overload, aiming to diversify the therapeutic avenues.

Lung cancer is a highly prevalent malignancy with poor prognosis and rapid progression. It most frequently metastasizes to the bone, where it can pose a severe threat to the patient's survival. Once metastasized, the disease is often incurable and can result in severe complications such as hypercalcemia, bone pain, fractures, spinal cord compression, and subsequent paralysis. Exosomes are bilayer vesicle nanoparticles secreted by most of the extracellular vesicles, which can be found in almost all organisms and play an essential role in intercellular communication. Through their ability to regulate related bone cells, exosomes carry bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), that can be extremely important in bone remodeling. Studies have been conducted on the role play by proteins, lncRNA, and microRNA—all ncRNAs—carried by exosomes in the bone metastases of lung cancer. In this review, the latest progress of the regulatory mechanism of ncRNAs carried by exosomes in lung cancer bone metastasis has been reviewed. The clinical use of exosomes as a promising biomarker, drug transporter, and therapeutic target was highlighted to offer a novel diagnostic and treatment approach for patients with lung cancer bone metastases.

ObjectiveRhizosphere microorganisms play crucial roles in the growth and development of plants, disease resistance, and environmental adaptability. As the only wild pepper variety resource in China, domesticated Capsicum frutescens Linn. (Xiaomila) exhibits varying beneficial traits and affects rhizosphere microbial composition compared with its wild counterparts. In this study, we aimed to identify specific rhizosphere microbiome and metabolism patterns established during the domestication process.MethodsThe rhizosphere microbial diversity and composition of domesticated and wild C. frutescens were detected and analyzed by metagenomics. Non-targeted metabolomics were used to explore the differences of metabolites in rhizosphere soil between wild and domesticated C. frutescens.ResultsWe found that the rhizosphere microbial diversity of domesticated variety was significantly different from that of the wild variety, with Massilia being its dominant bacteria. However, the abundance of certain beneficial microbes such as Gemmatimonas, Streptomyces, Rambibacter, and Lysobacter decreased significantly. The main metabolites identified in the wild variety included serylthreonine, deoxyloganic acid, vitamin C, among others. In contrast, those identified in the domesticated group were 4-hydroxy-l-glutamic acid and benzoic acid. Furthermore, the differentially enriched pathways were concentrated in tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, histidine and purine-derived alkaloids biosynthesis, benzoic acid family, two-component system, etc.ConclusionThis study revealed that C. frutescens established specific rhizosphere microbiota and metabolites during domestication, which has important significance for the efficient utilization of beneficial microorganisms in breeding and cultivation practices.

ObjectiveTo identify the correlation between thrombosis and atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) (SLE/aPLs) through high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) of the carotid artery.MethodsA single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted. We collected consecutive patients with SLE/aPLs and healthy controls who underwent carotid HR-MRI examinations. The morphometric characteristics of the common carotid artery (CCA), internal carotid artery (ICA), external carotid artery (ECA), and carotid bulb (Sinus) were measured, and the differences in morphometric parameters between different groups were analyzed.ResultsA total of 144 carotid arteries were analyzed. Compared with the control group, the wall area, wall thickness (WT and WTmax), and normalized wall index of CCA, ICA, ECA, and Sinus were increased in patients with SLE/aPLs, and the total vascular area (TVA) of CCA, ICA, and Sinus, and the bifurcation angle (BIFA) of ICA-ECA were also increased. A negative lupus anticoagulant (LAC) (with or without positive anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) or anti-β2glycoprotein antibody (aβ2GPI)) contributed to illustrating lower increased TVA and thickened vessel walls of CCA and ICA in SLE/aPLs patients without thrombotic events. Logistic regression analysis showed that WTmaxSinus and WTmaxGlobal were independent risk factors for thrombotic events in SLE/aPLs patients. The receiver operator characteristic curve showed that the cut-off value of WTmaxSinus was 2.855 mm, and WTmaxGlobal was 3.370 mm.ConclusionHR-MRI ensures the complete and accurate measurement of carotid morphometric parameters. Compared with the control group, the carotid artery in patients with SLE/aPLs is mainly characterized by diffusely thickened vessel walls, and the patients with thrombotic events showed additional higher vascular area of CCA and ICA, and BIFA of ICA-ECA without significant change in lumen area. The carotid arteries of SLE/aPLs patients with thrombotic events exhibited significant vessel wall thickening in all segments except ECA compared to those without thrombotic events. LAC-negative and non-thrombotic events distinguish relatively early atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries in patients with SLE/aPLs. Patients with SLE/aPLs that possess circumscribed thickened carotid vessel walls (>3.370 mm), particularly thickened at the Sinus (>2.855 mm), may require management strategies for the risk of thrombotic events.

Super‐resolution chip (SRC) made of fluorescent polymer film and polygon film waveguide can realize subdiffraction imaging. However, the propagation losses of evanescent waves impose a serious restriction on imaging performance. Meanwhile, the required redundant raw images hinder the imaging speed. Multiple‐azimuths evanescent illumination at the same time can efficiently increase the illumination intensity and uniformity, and reduce the number of required raw images. But, the experimental realization is impeded by the complex spatial frequency mixing problem. Herein, an SRC microscopy method with counter‐propagating evanescent illumination is demonstrated, which circumvents the influence of complex spatial frequency mixing, and efficiently enhances the reconstructed results. Meanwhile, the proposed method reduces the number of required raw images by half and saves the image acquisition time, which benefits the imaging speed enhancement of the SRC microscopy system and promotes its future practical application.

In the study, the effects of short-chain inulin (OP), natural inulin (OH), and long-chain inulin (OHP) at substitution levels of 3%, 6%, and 9%, as well as freezing of 0, 15, and 30 days, on the farinograph and extensograph characteristics of flour, the rheological properties, water distribution, and microstructure of dough, as well as the quality of the final steamed bread, were investigated. The findings revealed that inulin led to a reduction in the water absorption of the dough while increasing its stable time. Furthermore, inulin delayed the alteration of freezable water within the frozen dough. Notably, the addition of inulin resulted in a more cohesive and evenly arranged network structure within the frozen dough. Steamed bread supplemented with 6% OP, 6% OH, and 3% OHP consistently dislayed a higher specific volume and spread ratio. These findings offer valuable insights into the utilization of inulin in frozen wheat foods.

Abstract This study examined the factors influencing customers’ consumption intentions and willingness to pay a premium price for 3D-printed food by combining personal innovativeness, perceived compatibility, perceived product value, desire to eat, and willingness to pay a premium price for 3D-printed food into a conceptual framework. Applying the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) framework with personal innovativeness, perceived compatibility, and perceived product value, this study obtained data from 1540 respondents using an online cross-sectional questionnaire and utilized partial least squares structural equation modeling to verify the study hypotheses. The findings revealed that personal inventiveness, attitude, perceived compatibility, subjective norms, perceived product value, and perceived behavioral control exert a significant influence on the intention and willingness to pay a premium price for 3D-printed food. The result also showed that perceived behavior and intention significantly affect willingness to pay a premium price for 3D-printed food. Furthermore, the outcome confirmed that, with the exception of the link between perceived product value, subjective norms, and willingness to pay a premium price for 3D-printed food, intention serves as a significant mediator in the relationship between factors and willingness to pay a premium price for 3D-printed food. This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of the factors that influence consumers’ intention to consume and willingness to pay a premium for 3D-printed food, providing new insights from new variables and broadening the scope of the TPB’s original model in the perspective of new food settings and Asian nations. These findings imply that 3D-printed food sellers in the Asian market need to pay more attention to the factors that stimulate customers’ intentions, which, in turn, affect consumers’ views of perceived product value and improve their readiness to pay a premium price for 3D-printed food.

Abstract Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is a complex disease with significant tumor heterogeneity with the worst prognosis and highest mortality among all gynecological cancers. Glycosylation is a specific post-translational modification that plays an important role in tumor progression, immune escape and metastatic spread. The aim of this work was to identify the major glycosylation-related genes (GRGs) in OC and construct an effective GRGs signature to predict prognosis and immunotherapy. Methods AUCell algorithm was used to identify glycosylation-related genes (GRGs) based on the scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data. An effective GRGs signature was conducted using COX and LASSO regression algorithm. The texting dataset and clinical sample data were used to assessed the accuracy of GRGs signature. We evaluated the differences in immune cell infiltration, enrichment of immune checkpoints, immunotherapy response, and gene mutation status among different risk groups. Finally, RT-qPCR, Wound-healing assay, Transwell assay were performed to verify the effect of the CYBRD1 on OC. Results A total of 1187 GRGs were obtained and a GRGs signature including 16 genes was established. The OC patients were divided into high- and low- risk group based on the median riskscore and the patients in high-risk group have poor outcome. We also found that the patients in low-risk group have higher immune cell infiltration, enrichment of immune checkpoints and immunotherapy response. The results of laboratory test showed that CYBRD1 can promote the invasion, and migration of OC and is closely related to the poor prognosis of OC patients. Conclusions Our study established a GRGs signature consisting of 16 genes based on the scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data, which provides a new perspective on the prognosis prediction and treatment strategy for OC.

Abstract High quantum efficiency and wide-band detection capability are the major thrusts of infrared sensing technology. However, bulk materials with high efficiency have consistently encountered challenges in integration and operational complexity. Meanwhile, two-dimensional (2D) semimetal materials with unique zero-bandgap structures are constrained by the bottleneck of intrinsic quantum efficiency. Here, we report a near-mid infrared ultra-miniaturized graphene photodetector with configurable 2D potential well. The 2D potential well constructed by dielectric structures can spatially (laterally and vertically) produce a strong trapping force on the photogenerated carriers in graphene and inhibit their recombination, thereby improving the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and photogain of the device with wavelength-immunity, which enable a high responsivity of 0.2 A/W–38 A/W across a broad infrared detection band from 1.55 to 11 µm. Thereafter, a room-temperature detectivity approaching 1 × 109 cm Hz1/2 W−1 is obtained under blackbody radiation. Furthermore, a synergistic effect of electric and light field in the 2D potential well enables high-efficiency polarization-sensitive detection at tunable wavelengths. Our strategy opens up alternative possibilities for easy fabrication, high-performance and multifunctional infrared photodetectors.

Abstract Miniaturized fiber-Bragg-grating (FBG) interrogators are of interest for applications in the areas where weight and size controlling is important, e.g., airplanes and aerospace or in-situ monitoring. An ultra-compact high-precision on-chip interrogator is proposed based on a tailored arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The on-chip interrogator enables continuous wavelength interrogation from 1 544 nm to 1 568 nm with the wavelength accuracy of less than 1 pm [the root-mean-square error (RMSE) is 0.73 pm] over the whole wavelength range. The chip loss is less than 5 dB. The 1 × 16 AWG is optimized to achieve a large bandwidth and a low noise level at each channel, and the FBG reflection peaks can be detected by multiple output channels of the AWG. The fabricated AWG is utilized to interrogate FBG sensors through the center of gravity (CoG) algorithm. The validation of an on-chip FBG interrogator that works with sub-picometer wavelength accuracy in a broad wavelength range shows large potential for applications in miniaturized fiber optic sensing systems.

Nowadays, real-time monitoring of highway operation by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology is one of the research frontiers for urban remote sensing. In general, the existing stitching algorithms can meet the basic requirements in terms of accuracy, but their splicing speed cannot meet the real-time stitching requirements of UAV. The cause is that the time consumption sharply increases when stitching plenty of UAV images—this is the bottleneck problem. Herein, we proposed a novel splicing method based on the Superpoint network and a self-designed algorithm of matrix iteration. In this method, we take advantage of an advanced deep learning algorithm—Superpoint to efficiently extract image feature points for calculating the geometric transformation matrix, and make the Superpoint model more suitable for highway. More importantly, for the purpose of further improving the stitching speed and realizing real-time stitching for a large number of UAV images, we specially designed an algorithm of matrix iteration to accurately represent the image transformation relationships, i.e., a matrix is iterated through each adjacent transformation matrix relationship. It is the first time that an algorithm of transformation matrix iteration has been designed to address the bottleneck problem in stitching plenty of UAV images. As a result, the experiments indicate that the proposed method has remarkably enhanced the stitching speed and accuracy for plenty of UAV images. Notably, even in the condition of no air triangulation parameters, it can realize real-time stitching.