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Abstract Background During the early stages of Trichinella spiralis infection, macrophages predominantly undergo polarization to the M1-like phenotype, causing the host’s inflammatory response and resistance against T. spiralis infection. As the disease progresses, the number of M2-type macrophages gradually increases, contributing to tissue repair processes within the host. While cysteine protease overexpression is typically associated with inflammation, the specific role of T. spiralis cathepsin L (TsCatL) in mediating macrophage polarization remains unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the killing effect of macrophage polarization mediated by recombinant T. spiralis cathepsin L domains (rTsCatL2) on newborn larvae (NBL). Methods rTsCatL2 was expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21. Polarization of the rTsCatL2-induced RAW264.7 cells was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative PCR (qPCR), western blot, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. The effect of JSH-23, an inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), on rTsCatL2-induced M1 polarization investigated. Cytotoxic effects of polarized macrophages on NBL were observed using in vitro killing assays. Results Following the co-incubation of rTsCatL2 with RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells, qPCR and ELISA revealed increased transcription and secretion levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in macrophages. Western blot analysis showed a significant increase in iNOS protein expression, while the expression level of arginase-1 protein remained unchanged. Flow cytometry revealed a substantial increase in the number of CD86-labeled macrophages. The western blot results also indicated that rTsCatL2 increased the expression levels of phospho-NF-κB and phospho-nuclear factor-κB inhibitor alpha (IκB-α) proteins in a dose-dependent manner, while immunofluorescence revealed that rTsCatL2 induced nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB (NF-κB p65) protein in macrophages. The inhibitory effect of JSH-23 suppressed and abrogated the effect of rTsCatL2 in promoting M1 macrophage polarization. rTsCatL2 mediated polarization of macrophages to the M1-like phenotype and enhanced macrophage adhesion and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) killing of NBL. Conclusions The results indicated that rTsCatL2 induces macrophage M1 polarization via the NF-κB pathway and enhances the ADCC killing of NBL. This study provides a further understanding of the interaction mechanism between T. spiralis and the host. Graphical Abstract

The large-scale integration of distributed photovoltaics （DPVs） has a profound impact on the secure and stable operation of distribution networks. Analysis and assessment on DPV hosting capacity can effectively assist in its rational planning and utilization. To this end， an method for analyzing the DPV hosting capacity interval is proposed to calculate the maximum DPV integration capacity in distribution networks under uncertainties. Firstly， the DPV output uncertainties are quantified by means of nonparametric kernel density estimation based on the historical data， and the DPV output interval is calculated by Newton-Raphson method. Secondly， a DPV hosting capacity interval analysis model for distribution networks considering safe operation constraints is established， which is then decomposed into an optimistic submodel and a pessimistic submodel based on interval analysis theory. Then， to reduce the difficulty of model solution， the pessimistic sub-model is simplified by the equivalence transformation， and the two sub-models are solved separately to obtain the interval solution. Finally， simulation analysis is carried out in the improved 15-node distribution system and a distribution network in Lishui， Zhejiang Province. The results verify the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method.

With the increasing application of Al-Li alloy in the aerospace field, the study of its anisotropy is conducive to the further development and utilization of Al-Li alloy. Scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer and electron back-scattered diffraction were used to observe the microstructure of 2050 Al-Li alloy with T3 status. The three-dimensional anisotropy of tensile mechanical properties of alloy plates was studied by tensile test. The results show that the strength of the rolling middle layer of 2050 Al-Li alloy plate with T3 status is the highest, the yield strength is 370 MPa, The tensile strength is 465 MPa, the elongation is the lowest at 9.6%. The transverse surface strength of alloy plate is the lowest, the yield strength is 325 MPa, the tensile strength is 431 MPa, and the elongation is the highest at 19.2%. The fracture morphology and grain size in different thickness of alloy plate are different. The grains in the surface region are thin and compact with small size, while the grains in the middle region are wide and flat with large size. The anisotropy of different thickness of 2050 Al-Li alloy plate is different: the anisotropy of yield strength and tensile strength in surface and middle region is strong, and the anisotropy of elongation is low, while the anisotropy of yield strength and tensile strength in central region is low, the anisotropy of elongation is strong. The anisotropy of different thickness of 2050 Al-Li alloy rolled plate is mainly formed by the grain orientation and texture. The strongest texture type of surface area and central area is {011}〈211〉 brass texture.

Fission product yields are fundamental nuclear data for nuclear energy applications and nuclear physics research. In this work, HPGe γ spectrometric technique is applied to absolutely measure the mass distributions from 0.57, 1.0 MeV and 1.5 MeV neutron induced fission of 235U, and more than 30 mass chain yields are obtained for each energy. The fission rate of uranium sample is monitored by a double fission chamber and its neutron spectrum is simulated via MCNP program. Comparing with the existing data of other lab, our results are in good agreement within the experimental uncertainties. The output data obtained in this work clarifies the difference of up to 16% in the original data and improves the data accuracy from 5%-7% of the original international data to 3%-5%.

Abstract Aims Acute viral myocarditis (AVMC) is the aetiology of heart failure (HF) with few specific treatments. The improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a critical predictor for the prognosis of AVMC. LCZ696 is a drug used in HF to improve LVEF, with a few research on AVMC. In this research, we evaluated the effects and mechanism of LCZ696 in improving LVEF in AVMC. Methods Eighty 4‐week‐old male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups of 20: Sham; Sham + LCZ696 (60 mg/kg/d); AVMC; AVMC + LCZ696. The above experiments were repeated by CVB3‐infected HL‐1 and Mdivi‐1 to down‐regulated dynamin‐related protein 1(Drp1). Adeno‐associated virus 9 (AAV9) with enhanced green fluorescent proteins (GFP) was injected to produce Drp1‐overexpression mice and set up four groups: AVMC group, AVMC + AAV group, AVMC + LCZ696 group, and AVMC + LCZ696 + AAV group (n = 20 in each group). LVEF was evaluated by echocardiography at a similar heart rate (HR) at d7, Drp1 (p‐Drp1), inflammation and apoptosis by histology and Western blot (WB), and mitochondrial by electron microscopy. Results Cardiac function were injured in AVMC that LCZ696 reversed (LVEF, %: Sham: 68.99 ± 9.67; Sham + LCZ696: 71.96 ± 6.20; AVMC: 30.95 ± 6.40*; AVMC + LCZ696: 68.99 ± 9.67*#, *P

BackgroundCathepsin L, a lysosomal enzyme, participates in diverse physiological processes. Recombinant Trichinella spiralis cathepsin L domains (rTsCatL2) exhibited natural cysteine protease activity and hydrolyzed host immunoglobulin and extracellular matrix proteins in vitro, but its functions in larval invasion are unknown. The aim of this study was to explore its functions in T. spiralis invasion of the host's intestinal epithelial cells.Methodology/principal findingsRNAi significantly suppressed the expression of TsCatL mRNA and protein with TsCatL specific siRNA-302. T. spiralis larval invasion of Caco-2 cells was reduced by 39.87% and 38.36%, respectively, when anti-TsCatL2 serum and siRNA-302 were used. Mice challenged with siRNA-302-treated muscle larvae (ML) exhibited a substantial reduction in intestinal infective larvae, adult worm, and ML burden compared to the PBS group, with reductions of 44.37%, 47.57%, and 57.06%, respectively. The development and fecundity of the females from the mice infected with siRNA-302-treated ML was significantly inhibited. After incubation of rTsCatL2 with Caco-2 cells, immunofluorescence test showed that the rTsCatL2 gradually entered into the cells, altered the localization of cellular tight junction proteins (claudin 1, occludin and zo-1), adhesion junction protein (e-cadherin) and extracellular matrix protein (laminin), and intercellular junctions were lost. Western blot showed a 58.65% reduction in claudin 1 expression in Caco-2 cells treated with rTsCatL2. Co-IP showed that rTsCatL2 interacted with laminin and collagen I but not with claudin 1, e-cadherin, occludin and fibronectin in Caco-2 cells. Moreover, rTsCatL2 disrupted the intestinal epithelial barrier by inducing cellular autophagy.ConclusionsrTsCatL2 disrupts the intestinal epithelial barrier and facilitates T. spiralis larval invasion.

A quasi-dynamic model of heat networks is established for optimal energy storage configuration in an electric-thermal system. Based on this model， the “virtual energy storage” characteristics of heat networks can be used as a schedulable resource in energy storage capacity planning. Then， a two-stage robust optimization algorithm is used to deal with the uncertainty of renewable energy. The nested C&CG （column-and-constraint generation） algorithm is used to solve the state variable 0-1 of energy storage， and the global optimal solution is thus obtained. Considering the increase in constraints and variables brought about by the quasi-dynamic model of heat networks and the low efficiency of the algorithm， this paper takes the heat source temperature as an intermediate variable to decouple the power system and the thermal system. Then， it conducts robust optimization only for the power system， which significantly reduces the complexity of the model. This paper also introduces conditional value-at-risk （CVaR） to optimize the uncertain interval of new energy output to strike a balance between economy and robustness. An example analysis results show that the proposed method is superior in reducing physical energy storage configuration capacity and system operation cost.

During the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program, we discovered that white terricolous lichenized fungal species of Buellia De Not. were widely distributed across the Tibetan Plateau. After examining their morphology, chemistry and phylogeny, we describe Buellia alpina Xin Y. Wang & Li S. Wang, sp. nov. as new to science. It is present in alpine meadows, and is characterized by its effigurate thallus, distinct linear marginal lobes, cover of thick white pruina and four-spored asci. This is also the first report of Buellia elegans Poelt and Buellia epigaea (Pers.) Tuck from China. The Buellia epigaea-group has previously been characterized by white and often effigurate thalli that occur mainly on soil. However, our results show that species in this group actually belong to two distinct clades. This conclusion is based on analyses of the nuITS region and the combined regions dataset (nuITS-nuLSU-mtSSU-β-tubulin). We discuss differences in morphology, anatomy, chemistry and ecology among the putative Buellia epigaea-group. Detailed descriptions and figures for the three species from China and a key for species of Buellia epigaea-group are provided.

To investigate the diagnostic value of resistance index (RI) in differentiating focal liver lesions.

Objective To study the regulation of CITED1 in the mice bone metabolism, including osteogenesis/osteoclast balance in vivo to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of osteoporosis. Methods Bone phenotypes such as femur length, bone mass, bone cortex and bone cancellous thickness of KO mice were measured by micro CT. Hematological related parameters of bone metabolism were determined by ELISA. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of bone marker genes to explore the causes of bone metabolism changes after CITED1 gene knockout. Results The expression of CITED1 was low in KO mice, indicating a successful CITED1 knockout. Femoral length, bone mass, bone cortex and bone cancellous thickness were significantly higher in KO mice than those in WT mice. The concentration of type I procollagen peptide (P1NP), osteocalcin (OC) and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) in serum of KO mice was significantly higher than those of WT mice, while the concentration of tartaric acid phosphatase (TRAP) was significantly lower. The expression of OC and BALP in KO mice was significantly higher than that in WT mice(P＜0.001). At the same time the expression of TRAP in KO mice was signifi- cantly lower(P＜0.05). Conclusions CITED1 knockout can up-regulate the expression of OC and BALP, and down-regulate the expression of TRAP for promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption.

To analyze the cardio-protective effects of ticagrelor in patients with acute coronary syndrome with S-T segment elevation.

A new and hydrophilic molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) selective for olaquindox was prepared by bulk polymerisation using methacrylic acid as the functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinker. The synthesised polymer was characterised by Fourier-transform infrared and static adsorption experiments. Results showed that the MIP had good recognition and selective ability for olaquindox. A novel method based on molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was developed for the separation and determination of trace olaquindox in feed samples. Under selected experimental conditions, the detection limit (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) was 42.2 ng/g, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) for five replicate extractions of 50 µg/l olaquindox was 4.9%. The method provided high recoveries ranging from 89.8% to 93.1% at three spiked levels with < 5% RSDs. This method was successfully applied for the analysis of olaquindox in feed.

There are numerous mine cars in types in large-scale coal mines and exists problem how to full use space of input/output warehouse of mine car. The paper proposed a design scheme of electric control system of stereo dispatching and location of mine car, gave planning of stereo dispatching and location of input/output warehouse of mine car based on lead screw drive mode, and introduced electric control configuration of motion controller SIMATIC CU320, configuration of PLC unit and local detection unit and configuration of network combining with framework of the system. The debugging result showed that the system realizes stable and accurate dispatching and location of mine car and improves utilization of parking stall.