908 results on '"R, Rodgers"'
Search Results
2. Three-dimensional trans-rectal and trans-abdominal ultrasound image fusion for the guidance of gynecologic brachytherapy procedures: a proof of concept study
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Tiana Trumpour, Carla du Toit, Alissa van Gaalen, Claire K. S. Park, Jessica R. Rodgers, Lucas C. Mendez, Kathleen Surry, and Aaron Fenster
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract High dose-rate brachytherapy is a treatment technique for gynecologic cancers where intracavitary applicators are placed within the patient’s pelvic cavity. To ensure accurate radiation delivery, localization of the applicator at the time of insertion is vital. This study proposes a novel method for acquiring, registering, and fusing three-dimensional (3D) trans-abdominal and 3D trans-rectal ultrasound (US) images for visualization of the pelvic anatomy and applicators during gynecologic brachytherapy. The workflow was validated using custom multi-modal pelvic phantoms and demonstrated during two patient procedures. Experiments were performed for three types of intracavitary applicators: ring-and-tandem, ring-and-tandem with interstitial needles, and tandem-and-ovoids. Fused 3D US images were registered to magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) images for validation. The target registration error (TRE) and fiducial localization error (FLE) were calculated to quantify the accuracy of our fusion technique. For both phantom and patient images, TRE and FLE across all modality registrations (3D US versus MR or CT) resulted in mean ± standard deviation of 4.01 ± 1.01 mm and 0.43 ± 0.24 mm, respectively. This work indicates proof of concept for conducting further clinical studies leveraging 3D US imaging as an accurate, accessible alternative to advanced modalities for localizing brachytherapy applicators.
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- 2024
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3. Potassium ferrate's disinfecting ability: a study on human adenovirus, Giardia duodenalis, and microbial indicators under varying pH and water temperature conditions
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Laura A. Boczek, Michael W. Ware, Mark R. Rodgers, and Hodon Ryu
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microbial inactivation ,potassium ferrate ,waterborne pathogens ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Ferrate (Fe(VI): HFeO4− /FeO42−), a potent oxidant, has been investigated as an alternative chemical disinfectant in water treatment due to its reduced production of disinfection by-products. In this study, we assessed the disinfecting ability of potassium ferrate against a variety of microorganisms, including waterborne pathogens, under varying pH and water temperature conditions. We presented CT values, a metric of ferrate concentrations (C) and contact time (T), to quantify microbial inactivation rates. Among the tested microorganisms, human adenovirus was the least resistant to ferrate, followed by waterborne bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae, and finally, the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis. We further investigated the impact of two pH values (7 and 8) and two temperatures (5 and 25 °C) on microbial inactivation rates, observing that inactivation rates increased with lower pH and higher temperature. In addition to showcasing ferrate's capacity to effectively inactivate a range of the tested microorganisms, we offer a ferrate CT table to facilitate the comparison of the effectiveness of various disinfection methods. HIGHLIGHTS Ferrate effectively inactivates a variety of tested microorganisms.; The inactivation rates of all tested microorganisms increased with lower pH and higher temperature.; A ferrate CT table facilitates the comparison of the effectiveness of various disinfection methods.; Ferrate disinfection could be a promising strategy for practical water treatment applications.;
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- 2024
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4. Woodland caribou calving fidelity: Spatial location, habitat, or both?
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P. D. Walker, A. R. Rodgers, J. Shuter, J. M. Fryxell, and E. H. Merrill
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behavior ,conservation ,fitness ,Rangifer tarandus ,space use ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Abstract Individuals that isolate themselves to give birth can use more than one strategy in choosing birth sites to maximize reproductive success. Previous research has focused on the consistency in the use of the same birth‐site across years (i.e., spatial fidelity), but individuals alternatively may use similar habitat conditions across years (i.e., habitat fidelity). Using GPS telemetry, we determined whether woodland caribou expressed spatial or habitat fidelity during calving, and evaluated intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with expressing either type of fidelity. We identified 56 individuals with ≥2 putative birth events, via a movement‐based model, across northern Ontario between 2010 and 2014. Individuals were classified as expressing (1) spatial fidelity by comparing sequential calving locations to a random spatial distribution of available calving locations, (2) habitat fidelity using a logistic use model compared to a null (intercept only) model, (3) no fidelity (neither criterion met), or (4) both spatial and habitat fidelity (both criteria met). Across all individuals, 37% expressed no fidelity (36 of 98), 15% expressed only spatial fidelity (15 of 99), 35% expressed only habitat fidelity (34 of 98), and 14% expressed both spatial and habitat fidelity (14 of 98). Older individuals were more likely to express spatial fidelity, whereas lower availability of upland and lowland conifer forests without linear features increased the probability an individual expressed habitat fidelity. Our results indicate that managing for caribou calving needs to consider protecting both specific, known birthing sites, but also broad‐scale areas of preferred habitat for calving. Understanding the mechanisms that influence caribou expressing calving fidelity, and associated fitness costs, is crucial for the conservation of the species.
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- 2024
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5. ViPRE: an open-source software implementation for end-to-end analysis of mass spectrometry data.
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Hanad Elmi, Amoon Jamzad, Mackenzie Sharp, Jessica R. Rodgers, Martin Kaufmann, Tamara Jamaspishvili, Rachael Iseman, David Berman, John F. Rudan, Gabor Fichtinger, and Parvin Mousavi
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- 2023
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6. Cautery tool state detection using deep learning on intraoperative surgery videos.
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Lucas March, Jessica R. Rodgers, Rebecca Hisey, Amoon Jamzad, Alice M. L. Santilli, Doug McKay, John F. Rudan, Martin Kaufmann, Kevin Yi Mi Ren, Gabor Fichtinger, and Parvin Mousavi
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- 2023
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7. Multi-catheter modelling in reconstructed 3D transrectal ultrasound images from prostate brachytherapy.
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Nicole Kitner, Jessica R. Rodgers, Tamas Ungi, Martin Korzeniowski, Timothy Olding, Parvin Mousavi, and Gabor Fichtinger
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- 2023
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8. Waist circumference and glycaemia are strong predictors of progression to diabetes in individuals with prediabetes in sub-Saharan Africa: 4-year prospective cohort study in Malawi
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Wisdom P. Nakanga, Amelia C. Crampin, Joseph Mkandawire, Louis Banda, Rob C. Andrews, Andrew T. Hattersley, Moffat J. Nyirenda, and Lauren R. Rodgers
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Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Published
- 2023
9. Choice of HbA1c threshold for identifying individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes and implications for diabetes prevention programmes: a cohort study
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Lauren R. Rodgers, Anita V. Hill, John M. Dennis, Zoe Craig, Benedict May, Andrew T. Hattersley, Timothy J. McDonald, Rob C. Andrews, Angus Jones, and Beverley M. Shields
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Non-insulin treated type 2 diabetes ,Progression ,Disease prevention ,Cohort analysis ,EXTEND ,Pre-diabetes ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is common and increasing in prevalence. It is possible to prevent or delay T2D using lifestyle intervention programmes. Entry to these programmes is usually determined by a measure of glycaemia in the ‘intermediate’ range. This paper investigated the relationship between HbA1c and future diabetes risk and determined the impact of varying thresholds to identify those at high risk of developing T2D. Methods We studied 4227 participants without diabetes aged ≥ 40 years recruited to the Exeter 10,000 population cohort in South West England. HbA1c was measured at study recruitment with repeat HbA1c available as part of usual care. Absolute risk of developing diabetes within 5 years, defined by HbA1c ≥ 48 mmol/mol (6.5%), according to baseline HbA1c, was assessed by a flexible parametric survival model. Results The overall absolute 5-year risk (95% CI) of developing T2D in the cohort was 4.2% (3.6, 4.8%). This rose to 7.1% (6.1, 8.2%) in the 56% (n = 2358/4224) of participants classified ‘high-risk’ with HbA1c ≥ 39 mmol/mol (5.7%; ADA criteria). Under IEC criteria, HbA1c ≥ 42 mmol/mol (6.0%), 22% (n = 929/4277) of the cohort was classified high-risk with 5-year risk 14.9% (12.6, 17.2%). Those with the highest HbA1c values (44–47 mmol/mol [6.2–6.4%]) had much higher 5-year risk, 26.4% (22.0, 30.5%) compared with 2.1% (1.5, 2.6%) for 39–41 mmol/mol (5.7–5.9%) and 7.0% (5.4, 8.6%) for 42–43 mmol/mol (6.0–6.1%). Changing the entry criterion to prevention programmes from 39 to 42 mmol/mol (5.7–6.0%) reduced the proportion classified high-risk by 61%, and increased the positive predictive value (PPV) from 5.8 to 12.4% with negligible impact on the negative predictive value (NPV), 99.6% to 99.1%. Increasing the threshold further, to 44 mmol/mol (6.2%), reduced those classified high-risk by 59%, and markedly increased the PPV from 12.4 to 23.2% and had little impact on the NPV (99.1% to 98.5%). Conclusions A large proportion of people are identified as high-risk using current thresholds. Increasing the risk threshold markedly reduces the number of people that would be classified as high-risk and entered into prevention programmes, although this must be balanced against cases missed. Raising the entry threshold would allow limited intervention opportunities to be focused on those most likely to develop T2D.
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- 2021
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10. Photonic liquid crystals of graphene oxide for fast membrane nanofiltration
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Alice C. Lin, Fangyou Xie, Liam J. McCarthy, David R. Rodgers, Kyle G. Hoff, Maximilian R. von Welczeck, Sixin Zhai, Andrea C. Saw, Gregory E. Scott, and Shanju Zhang
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Membranes ,Graphene oxide ,Nanofiltration ,Photonic crystals ,Liquid crystals ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The photonic liquid crystalline (LC) dispersion of graphene oxide (GO) is prepared using centrifugation-induced size-fractionization. Under gravity, a series of successive centrifugations enable large GO sheets to sediment and fractionize into a narrowed size distribution. The resulting large GO sheets display large-area monodomain structures with uniform orientation, forming a photonic LC phase. The single lyotropic LC phase forms at the concentration > 0.34 wt% and structural coloring occurs at the concentration > 0.59 wt%. The structural color with different wavelength is tuned with various concentrations (0.59–0.92 wt%). GO membranes are supported on porous poly(ether sulphone) membranes from photonic LC dispersions by a vacuum-spin method. The photonic GO membrane demonstrates dramatic enhancement of water permeance (169.3 Lm−2 hr−1 bar−1), which is 12 times faster than the control GO membrane (13.2 Lm−2 hr−1 bar−1). The ion rejection of the photonic GO membrane (45–60%) is also significantly improved, as compared to the control GO membrane (30–48%). Organic dye rejection testing shows that the photonic GO membrane remains as high molecular rejection (> 90%) as the control GO membrane. This work may provide a new way to fabricate ordered GO membranes for fast nanofiltration.
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- 2022
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11. Continuous glucose monitoring demonstrates low risk of clinically significant hypoglycemia associated with sulphonylurea treatment in an African type 2 diabetes population: results from the OPTIMAL observational multicenter study
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Moffat J Nyirenda, Beverley M Shields, Andrew T Hattersley, Angus G Jones, Lauren R Rodgers, Anxious J Niwaha, Priscilla A Balungi, Raymond Mwebaze, and Alice L J Carr
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Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Published
- 2022
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12. Toward image-guided gynecologic brachytherapy using intraoperative 3D ultrasound imaging.
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Jessica R. Rodgers, Lucas C. Mendez, Douglas A. Hoover, Vikram Velker, David D'Souza, and Aaron Fenster
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- 2021
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13. Real-world effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in older adults: Cohort study using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink
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Adam J. Streeter, Lauren R. Rodgers, Jane Masoli, Nan X. Lin, Alessandro Blé, Willie Hamilton, and William E. Henley
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Background The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) is recommended for UK older adults, but how age moderates effectiveness is unclear. Methods Three annual cohorts of primary-care patients aged≥65y from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink selected from 2003–5 created a natural experiment (n = 324,804), reflecting the staged introduction of the vaccine. The outcome was symptoms consistent with community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia (CAP) requiring antibiotics or hospitalisation. We used the prior event rate ratio (PERR) approach to address bias from unmeasured confounders. Results Vaccinated patients had higher rates of CAP in the year before vaccination than their controls, indicating the potential for confounding bias. After adjustment for confounding using the prior event rate ratio (PERR) method, PPV23 was estimated to be effective against CAP for two years after vaccination in all age sub-groups with hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 0.86 (0.80 to 0.93), 0.74 (0.65 to 0.85) and 0.65 (0.57 to 0.74) in patients aged 65–74, 75–79 and 80+ respectively in the 2005 cohort. Age moderated the effect of vaccination with predicted risk reductions of 8% at 65y and 29% at 80y. Conclusions PPV23 is moderately effective at reducing CAP among UK patients aged≥65y, in the two years after vaccination. Vaccine effectiveness is maintained, and may increase, in the oldest age groups in step with increasing susceptibility to CAP.
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- 2022
14. Engaging Young Black Males in Sexual and Reproductive Health Care: A Review of the Literature
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Jade C. Burns, Jaquetta Reeves, Wilma J. Calvert, Mackenzie Adams, Rico Ozuna-Harrison, Maya J. Smith, Salisha Baranwal, Kedar Johnson, Caryn R. R. Rodgers, and Daphne C. Watkins
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Medicine - Abstract
Young Black males (YBM) ages 18 to 24 years are more at risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and have a substantially greater need for sexual reproductive health (SRH) services than other groups. Despite this significant need, the extant literature does not provide a comprehensive picture of how YBM seek preventive care services (e.g., STI testing). Therefore, the purpose of this review is to address YBM’s SRH access and use of STI/HIV testing and screening in this population, with a specific emphasis on young heterosexual Black males, by identifying barriers and facilitators of engaging with SRH care. An electronic search was performed using Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycInfo, PubMed, and Scopus online databases. Keywords were adapted to each database and included variations of “Black males,” “sexual reproductive healthcare services,” “youth (18-24 years old),” and “healthcare access and utilization.” Studies from the review reported that barriers to engaging in SRH care included lack of health insurance, ideas of masculinity that conflict with SRH care, stigma related to accessing services, and lack of knowledge regarding available services and care options. The top facilitators for utilizing SRH care were engagement on behalf of health clinics, confidence gained from social support, access to quality health care in one’s community, and trust in the health care system and providers. This review contributes to the current state of the science and is important to the improvement of high-quality services for this population, including respect, choice in care, confidentially, and compassion.
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- 2021
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15. Tic Reduction Following Heat-Induced Dehydration in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (TS)
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Ashley B. Durbin, Matthew R. Rodgers, and James Robert Brašić
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adverse effects ,beneficial effects ,cannabis ,clinical trial ,dopamine ,emesis ,Plant ecology ,QK900-989 ,Animal biochemistry ,QP501-801 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
A 24-year-old man with of Gilles de la Tourette (TS) syndrome experienced a marked remission of 2 years after heat-induced dehydration. Further investigation of the effects of heat and dehydration on TS may be useful.
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- 2022
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16. HbA1c performs well in monitoring glucose control even in populations with high prevalence of medical conditions that may alter its reliability: the OPTIMAL observational multicenter study
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Timothy J McDonald, Beverley M Shields, Andrew T Hattersley, Angus G Jones, Lauren R Rodgers, Rosamund Greiner, Anxious J Niwaha, Priscilla A Balungi, and Raymond Mwebaze
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Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Published
- 2021
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17. The Association Between an Equitable School Climate and Students’ Psychosocial Outcomes: The Moderating Roles of Race and Gender
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Summer S. Braun, Caryn R. R. Rodgers, Arielle Linsky, Charity Brown Griffin, and Catherine P. Bradshaw
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Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Education - Published
- 2023
18. DEMOGRAPHIC STATUS OF MOOSE POPULATIONS IN THE BOREAL PLAIN ECOZONE OF CANADA
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A. Alan Arsenault, Arthur R. Rodgers, and Kent Whaley
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alces alces ,boreal plain ecozone ,demography ,moose ,population ,management-by-objective ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Broad scale analyses of winter population survey data collected between 1985 and 2015 were conducted to provide a synthesis of the current status and historical performance of 14 moose (Alces alces) populations residing in the Boreal Plain Ecozone of Saskatchewan and western Manitoba. Population time series models indicated a broad scale decline averaging 30% in moose populations across the Boreal Plain Ecozone since 2000 relative to the long-term (1985 to 2015) cumulative mean population size. Demographic patterns and rates of population change were variable among and within populations across years. We found an inverse relationship between adult sex ratio (bull:cow) and population density (R² = 0.48, P < 0.001), which suggests negative population growth (λ < 1.0) when the adult sex ratio falls below a density-dependent threshold for population growth. Winter calf recruitment (calves/cow) was positively correlated (R² = 0.12, P = 0.027) with adult sex ratio. Stable or increasing populations (λ ≥ 1.0) tended to have lower adult sex ratios relative to winter calf recruitment ratios than declining populations. Population state and vital rate relationships are useful to assess population performance and guide science-based moose management strategies in a Management-by-Objective decision-analytic framework.
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- 2019
19. Impact of influenza vaccination on amoxicillin prescriptions in older adults: A retrospective cohort study using primary care data.
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Lauren R Rodgers, Adam J Streeter, Nan Lin, Willie Hamilton, and William E Henley
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundBacterial infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract are a frequent complication of influenza and contribute to the widespread use of antibiotics. Influenza vaccination may help reduce both appropriate and inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics. Electronic health records provide a rich source of information for assessing secondary effects of influenza vaccination.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study to estimate effects of influenza vaccine on antibiotic (amoxicillin) prescription in the elderly based on data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. The introduction of UK policy to recommend the influenza vaccine to older adults in 2000 led to a substantial increase in uptake, creating a natural experiment. Of 259,753 eligible patients that were unvaccinated in 1999 and aged≥65y by January 2000, 88,519 patients received influenza vaccination in 2000. These were propensity score matched 1:1 to unvaccinated patients. Time-to-amoxicillin was analysed using the Prior Event Rate Ratio (PERR) Pairwise method to address bias from time-invariant measured and unmeasured confounders. A simulation study and negative control outcome were used to help strengthen the validity of results.ResultsCompared to unvaccinated patients, those from the vaccinated group were more likely to be prescribed amoxicillin in the year prior to vaccination: hazard ratio (HR) 1.90 (95% confidence interval 1.83, 1.98). Following vaccination, the vaccinated group were again more likely to be prescribed amoxicillin, HR 1.64 (1.58,1.71). After adjusting for prior differences between the two groups using PERR Pairwise, overall vaccine effectiveness was 0.86 (0.81, 0.92). Additional analyses suggested that provided data meet the PERR assumptions, these estimates were robust.ConclusionsOnce differences between groups were taken into account, influenza vaccine had a beneficial effect, lowering the frequency of amoxicillin prescribing in the vaccinated group. Ensuring successful implementation of national programmes of vaccinating older adults against influenza may help contribute to reducing antibiotic resistance.
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- 2021
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20. Effect of Early Infant Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Supplementation in Preventing Viral Respiratory Illness
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Laura A. Conrad, Madison N. LeCroy, Evin Rothschild, Caryn R. R. Rodgers, and Michael D. Cabana
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Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health - Abstract
The role of early probiotic supplementation in infants for the prevention of respiratory viral illnesses is unclear. We examined the association of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) supplementation during the first 6 months of life with the frequency and severity of viral illnesses during the first 24 months of life. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the randomized controlled Trial of Infant Probiotic Supplementation ( n = 184). Parents reported the number of respiratory viral illnesses, and a composite severity score was created based on symptoms. A negative binomial regression model and a mixed-effects linear regression model assessed for differences in the number of episodes and severity of episodes between treatment groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of viral illness episodes or symptom severity between treatment groups. Daily supplementation with LGG in early infancy does not decrease the number or severity of viral illnesses during the first 2 years of life.
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- 2022
21. Risk factors for genital infections in people initiating SGLT2 inhibitors and their impact on discontinuation
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Rury R Holman, Mark Walker, Beverley M Shields, Andrew T Hattersley, Andrew P McGovern, Michael Hogg, Naveed A Sattar, Ewan R Pearson, Angus G Jones, William E Henley, Mike Lonergan, Lauren R Rodgers, Willie T Hamilton, Catherine Angwin, Kennedy J Cruickshank, Stephen C L Gough, Alastair M Gray, Christopher Hyde, and Christopher Jennison
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Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Abstract
Introduction To identify risk factors, absolute risk, and impact on treatment discontinuation of genital infections with sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i).Research design and methods We assessed the relationship between baseline characteristics and genital infection in 21 004 people with type 2 diabetes initiating SGLT2i and 55 471 controls initiating dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) in a UK primary care database. We assessed absolute risk of infection in those with key risk factors and the association between early genital infection and treatment discontinuation.Results Genital infection was substantially more common in those treated with SGLT2i (8.1% within 1 year) than DPP4i (1.8%). Key predictors of infection with SGLT2i were female sex (HR 3.64; 95% CI 3.23 to 4.11) and history of genital infection; 5 years (HR 1.79; 1.55 to 2.07). Baseline HbA1c was not associated with infection risk for SGLT2i, in contrast to DPP4i where risk increased with higher HbA1c. One-year absolute risk of genital infection with SGLT2i was highest for those with a history of prior infection (females 23.7%, males 12.1%), compared with those without (females 10.8%, males 2.7%). Early genital infection was associated with a similar discontinuation risk for SGLT2i (HR 1.48; 1.21–1.80) and DPP4i (HR 1.58; 1.21–2.07).Conclusions Female sex and history of prior infection are simple features that can identify subgroups at greatly increased risk of genital infections with SGLT2i therapy. These data can be used to risk-stratify patients. High HbA1c is not a risk factor for genital infections with SGLT2i.
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- 2020
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22. THE STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF MOOSE IN NORTH AMERICA - CIRCA 2015
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H.R. Timmermann and Arthur R. Rodgers
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Alces alces ,distribution ,harvest ,hunter numbers ,Indigenous hunters ,licensed qualifications ,moose population status ,National Parks ,seasons ,subsistence ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Both declining and increasing moose (Alces alces) populations have been reported across North America over the last decade. We surveyed all jurisdictions with extant moose populations to determine the extent of these population trends. In 2014–2015, the North American moose population was estimated at ~1,000,000 animals distributed in 30 jurisdictions, which is unchanged since the turn of the century. Populations occurred in 12 Canadian provinces or territories, and in at least 18 states. In the past 5 years, moose density is believed to be increasing in 9, relatively stable in 8, and declining in 11 jurisdictions; estimates of change were unavailable in 2 jurisdictions. In 2014–2015, an estimated 425,537 licensed moose hunters harvested 82,096 moose in 23 jurisdictions. Hunter numbers increased by 39,118, whereas total harvest remained virtually unchanged from a decade earlier. Harvests by Indigenous and subsistence users, although largely unquantified, are believed substantial and important to quantify in certain jurisdictions. A variety of active and passive harvest strategies used to manage moose are discussed.
- Published
- 2017
23. Automatic needle localization in intraoperative 3D transvaginal ultrasound images for high-dose-rate interstitial gynecologic brachytherapy.
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Jessica R. Rodgers, Derek J. Gillies, W. Thomas Hrinivich, Igor Gyacskov, and Aaron Fenster
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- 2020
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24. Stable isotopes indicate reduced body condition of caribou in disturbed areas
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Rob Found, James A. Baker, John M. Fryxell, Ashley A.D. McLaren, Arthur R. Rodgers, Jennifer Shuter, Ian Thompson, and Brent R. Patterson
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Animal Science and Zoology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Understanding the impacts of disturbance on individual fitness is important for wildlife management, and critical for the conservation of species at risk. We compared the fitness and seasonal range use of 39 woodland caribou in Ontario study areas contrasted by their level of human disturbance. We previously showed that wolf density in the disturbed site was higher, likely due to human-modified landscapes favoring moose, the primary prey of wolves. In this paper we address three objectives. First, because the assimilation of dietary nitrogen is heavily influenced by metabolic processes related to stress, we hypothesized that ratios of nitrogen isotopes (N) may indicate changes in body condition in ungulates and be useful proxies for changes in fitness. Second, we predicted that increased predation risk from wolves in disturbed areas would result in measurable declines in caribou body condition. Third, we hypothesized that one mechanism for fitness declines among caribou in the disturbed area was increased wolf activity restricting caribou seasonal movements. We showed change in N in the tissues of caribou was correlated with body condition scoring using fat assessment. We used GPS collars to quantify seasonal range use and found that fitness was higher, and seasonal range overlap was lower, in caribou using the nondisturbed area. Winter fitness declines were significantly larger in the more disturbed area. Our study identifies another mechanism by which the cumulative effects of human-disturbed landscapes on caribou fitness could contribute to global declines in caribou populations.
- Published
- 2022
25. Journalism in Perspective: The Pulpit versus the Press, 1833-1923
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Ronald R. Rodgers and Ronald R. Rodgers
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- 2018
26. Roles of High-Valent Hemes and pH Dependence in Halite Decomposition Catalyzed by Chlorite Dismutase from Dechloromonas aromatica
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Zachary Geeraerts, Olivia R. Stiller, Gudrun S. Lukat-Rodgers, and Kenton R. Rodgers
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General Chemistry ,Catalysis - Published
- 2022
27. The impact of prolonged walking on fasting plasma glucose in type 2 diabetes: A Randomised controlled crossover study
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Anxious J. Niwaha, Lauren R. Rodgers, Andrew T. Hattersley, Robert C Andrews, Beverley M. Shields, Moffat J. Nyirenda, and Angus G. Jones
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AimsIn many low-income countries, fasting glucose is the primary measure of glycaemic control used for treatment titration, as HbA1c is often unavailable or unaffordable. Many patients in these countries walk long distances to the clinic, but the impact of walking on fasting glucose in type 2 diabetes is unknown. We aimed to determine whether this prolonged walking affects the reliability of fasting plasma glucose as a measure of glycaemic control.MethodsIn a randomised crossover trial, the change in glucose from baseline in the fasting state was compared between walking on a treadmill at a predetermined speed of 4.5 km/hour for 1 hour and not walking (resting) in people with type 2 diabetes. The pre-specified primary outcome was glucose at 1 and 2 hours.Results45 participants were enrolled and all completed both visits. 21/45 (46.7%) were female, and the median age was 51. Glucose during and after walking was similar to glucose while at rest; glucose difference (walking minus rest) was -0.15 (95% CI: -0.55, 0.26) and -0.10 (95% CI: - 0.50, 0.31) mmol/L at 1 and 2 hours respectively, p>0.4 for both).ConclusionsFasting plasma glucose is not meaningfully affected by prolonged walking in participants with type 2 diabetes; therefore, the reliability of fasting glucose for monitoring glycaemic burden is unlikely to be altered in patients who walk to the clinic.Research in contextWhat is already known about this subject?Fasting glucose is widely used to assess glycaemic control in people living with diabetes in low income countries, as HbA1c and home glucose monitoring are unaffordable. In these settings people living with diabetes will often walk long distances to receive healthcare.Little is known on the impact of walking on fasting glucose in people living with diabetes.What is the key question?Is fasting plasma glucose measure affected by a single bout of exercise such as walking in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D)?What are the new findings?There was no significant change in fasting glucose at the end of the walking exercise.There was no meaningful change in fasting glucose observed at any point up to 3 hours after commencing exercise.How might this impact on clinical practice in the foreseeable future?Fasting plasma glucose is not meaningfully affected by prolonged walking in participants with type 2 diabetes; therefore, the reliability of fasting glucose for monitoring glycaemic burden is unlikely to be altered in patients who walk to the clinic.
- Published
- 2023
28. Effects of Semiarid Wheat Agriculture Management Practices on Soil Microbial Properties: A Review
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Hannah R. Rodgers, Jay B. Norton, and Linda T. A. van Diepen
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bacteria ,fungi ,semiarid ,SOC ,soil health ,soil microbiota ,Agriculture - Abstract
Agricultural management decisions on factors such as tillage, fertilization, and cropping system determine the fate of much of the world’s soils, and soil microbes both mediate and respond to these changes. However, relationships between management practices and soil microbial properties are poorly understood, especially in semiarid regions. To address this knowledge gap, we reviewed research papers published between 2000 and 2020 that analyzed soil microorganisms in semiarid wheat fields. We aimed to determine if and how soil microbial properties reliably respond to management, and how these properties indicate long-term changes in soil health, carbon (C) sequestration, and crop yield. We found that reducing tillage increases microbial activity as much as 50% in upper soil layers and stratifies both bacteria and fungi by depth. Higher cropping intensity (reduced fallow) increases C storage, microbial activity, and biomass, and particularly fungal biomass, which can be three times greater under continuous wheat than wheat-fallow. Chemical and organic fertilizers both increase bacterial biomass, though only organic inputs provide lasting benefits by promoting C storage and increasing fungal as well as bacterial biomass. We found microbial properties to be sensitive indicators of long-term changes in soil health and productivity, and formed recommendations on appropriate sampling, analysis, and interpretation of microbial data depending on the system studied.
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- 2021
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29. Comparison of total and endometrial circulating cell-free DNA in women with and without endometriosis
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Kristina Warton, Nicole Laurencia Yuwono, R. Rodgers, Anais Alonso, Caroline E. Ford, Sahar Houshdaran, and Jason Abbott
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Endometriosis ,Urology ,Endometrium ,Young Adult ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,Total plasma ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Venous blood ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Circulating Cell-Free DNA ,Confidence interval ,Reproductive Medicine ,Biomarker (medicine) ,Female ,Gynaecological laparoscopy ,business ,Cell-Free Nucleic Acids ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Research question: Do women with laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis have higher plasma concentrations of circulating cell-free DNA (cirDNA) than those without endometriosis? Design: This prospective study recruited women aged 18-45 years undergoing benign gynaecological laparoscopy at two tertiary hospitals. Venous blood was collected immediately prior to surgery, and women were allocated to the endometriosis or control groups based on surgical findings. Total plasma cirDNA and cirDNA integrity were measured by qPCR targeting short (115 bases) and long (247 bases) ALU segments, while endometrial-derived cirDNA was measured by qPCR of bisulfite treated cirDNA using primers selective for a FAM101A sequence uniquely unmethylated in endometrial tissue. Five cirDNA parameters were compared between the control and endometriosis cohorts: total cirDNA concentration, long-stranded cirDNA concentration, integrity ratio, endometrial cirDNA concentration and endometrial cirDNA proportion. Results: Twenty-eight endometriosis and 15 control samples were included in analysis. Women with and without endometriosis had cirDNA concentrations of 2.24 ± 0.89 ng/mL and 2.56 ± 0.92 ng/mL respectively. Analysis by phenotype of endometriosis revealed a significantly higher endometrial cirDNA concentration in women with superficial disease (n = 10) compared to deep endometriosis (n = 18) (mean difference 0.14 ng/mL; 95% confidence interval 0.15-0.26; p = 0.025), but not compared to controls. Conclusions: There were no significant differences in any of the cirDNA parameters between women with and without endometriosis. The low statistical power and heterogenous pelvic pathology in the control group render it difficult to determine whether the negative results demonstrated in this study reflect a true lack of increase in cirDNA in endometriosis.
- Published
- 2022
30. 3D ultrasound system for needle guidance during high-dose-rate interstitial gynecologic brachytherapy implant placement procedures.
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Jessica R. Rodgers, Jeffrey S. Bax, Elina Rascevska, Vikram Velker, Kathleen J. M. Surry, David D'Souza, Eric Leung, and Aaron Fenster
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- 2019
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31. Synthesis and characterisation of 5-acyl-6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine inhibitors of Hedgehog acyltransferase
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Thomas Lanyon-Hogg, Naoko Masumoto, George Bodakh, Antonio D. Konitsiotis, Emmanuelle Thinon, Ursula R. Rodgers, Raymond J. Owens, Anthony I. Magee, and Edward W. Tate
- Subjects
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
In this data article we describe synthetic and characterisation data for four members of the 5-acyl-6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine (termed “RU-SKI”) class of inhibitors of Hedgehog acyltransferase, including associated NMR spectra for final compounds. RU-SKI compounds were selected for synthesis based on their published high potencies against the enzyme target. RU-SKI 41 (9a), RU-SKI 43 (9b), RU-SKI 101 (9c), and RU-SKI 201 (9d) were profiled for activity in the related article “Click chemistry armed enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to measure palmitoylation by Hedgehog acyltransferase” (Lanyon-Hogg et al., 2015) [1]. 1H NMR spectral data indicate different amide conformational ratios between the RU-SKI inhibitors, as has been observed in other 5-acyl-6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridines. The synthetic and characterisation data supplied in the current article provide validated access to the class of RU-SKI inhibitors. Keywords: Synthesis, Inhibitors, Hedgehog acyltransferase, Conformation
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- 2016
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32. Feasibility of fusing three‐dimensional transabdominal and transrectal ultrasound images for comprehensive intraoperative visualization of gynecologic brachytherapy applicators
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Jessica R. Rodgers, Aaron Fenster, David D'Souza, Lucas C. Mendez, Douglas A. Hoover, and Jeffrey Bax
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Image fusion ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Brachytherapy ,Ultrasound ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,General Medicine ,Imaging phantom ,Visualization ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,medicine ,Feasibility Studies ,Humans ,Female ,3D ultrasound ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,Fiducial marker ,Gynecologic brachytherapy ,Ultrasonography - Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we propose combining three-dimensional (3D) transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and 3D transabdominal ultrasound (TAUS) images of gynecologic brachytherapy applicators to leverage the advantages of each imaging perspective, providing a broader field-of-view and allowing previously obscured features to be recovered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of fusing these 3D ultrasound (US) perspectives based on the applicator geometry in a phantom prior to clinical implementation. METHODS In proof-of-concept experiments, 3D US images of application-specific multimodality pelvic phantoms were acquired with tandem-and-ring and tandem-and-ovoids applicators using previously validated imaging systems. Two TRUS images were acquired at different insertion depths and manually fused based on the position of the ring/ovoids to broaden the TRUS field-of-view. The phantom design allowed "abdominal thickness" to be modified to represent different body habitus and TAUS images were acquired at three thicknesses for each applicator. The merged TRUS images were then combined with TAUS images by rigidly aligning applicator components and manually refining the registration using the positions of source channels and known tandem length, as well as the ring diameter for the tandem-and-ring applicator. Combined 3D US images were manually, rigidly registered to images from a second modality (magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the tandem-and-ring applicator and X-ray computed tomography (CT) for the tandem-and-ovoids applicator (based on applicator compatibility)) to assess alignment. Four spherical fiducials were used to calculate target registration errors (TREs), providing a metric for validating registrations, where TREs were computed using root-mean-square distances to describe the alignment of manually identified corresponding fiducials. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to identify statistically significant differences (p
- Published
- 2021
33. Modeling Cumulative Effects of Climate and Development on Moose, Wolf, and Caribou Populations
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Janet M. Jackson, Jennifer Shuter, Len M. Hunt, Arthur R. Rodgers, Robert W. Mackereth, Devin Cairns, Matthew Carlson, Robert S. Rempel, Claire E. Farrell, and Brad Stelfox
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Geography ,Ecology ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Cumulative effects ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,General Environmental Science - Published
- 2021
34. 3D ultrasound guidance system for permanent breast seed implantation: integrated system performance and phantom procedure.
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Justin Michael, Jessica R. Rodgers, Daniel Morton, Deidre Batchelar, Michelle Hilts, and Aaron Fenster
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- 2018
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35. Intra-operative 360° 3D transvaginal ultrasound guidance during high-dose-rate interstitial gynecologic brachytherapy needle placement.
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Jessica R. Rodgers, Jeffrey S. Bax, Vikram Velker, Kathleen J. M. Surry, David D'Souza, Eric Leung, and Aaron Fenster
- Published
- 2018
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36. Reconstructing and Reorganizing Experience: Weaving a Living Philosophy
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Marti Anderson, Sean Conley, Carol R. Rodgers, Beverley Burkett, Claire Stanley, and Leslie Turpin
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Publishing ,business.industry ,Sociology ,Weaving ,business ,Education ,Visual arts - Abstract
Background/ContextThis study contributes to ongoing work in professional learning communities, self-study, and reflection. It offers a structure and a process rooted in a philosophy of practice grounded in various thinkers like Dewey, Rogers, Curran, Freire, Gattegno, Greene, and Carini.Purpose/ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to explore the process of one teacher educator inquiry group that has lasted nearly 30 years, and which has sought to enact Dewey's notion of education, “that reconstruction or reorganization of experience that adds meaning to experience and increases ability to direct the course of subsequent experience.”Research DesignOur research design mirrors the reflective inquiry process of our group, that is, how we researched is simultaneously what we researched. The process itself follows a structure for reflection outlined by Dewey in Rodgers. It begins with recollected experiences, descriptions of those experiences, and is followed by a “harvesting of themes,” through analysis and interpretation, to possible modes of “intelligent action.” The process is iterative and continuous.ConclusionsOur conclusions go beyond mere descriptions of our process. We come to the realization that, as Greene writes, being “wide-awake” to the particularities of our lives and work; to live intentionally, deliberately, and morally; and to be aware of who and why we are, and are to each other, is essential to a democratic society.
- Published
- 2021
37. Non-aggregated Aβ25-35 Upregulates Primary Astrocyte Proliferation In Vitro
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Elise C. Ohki, Thomas J. Langan, Kyla R. Rodgers, and Richard C. Chou
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astrocyte ,amyloid beta ,cell cycle ,primary cultures ,Alzheimer’s disease ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) is a peptide cleaved from amyloid precursor protein that contributes to the formation of senile plaques in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The relationship between Aβ and astrocyte proliferation in AD remains controversial. Despite pathological findings of increased astrocytic mitosis in AD brains, in vitro studies show an inhibitory effect of Aβ on astrocyte proliferation. In this study, we determined the effect of an active fragment of Aβ (Aβ25-35) on the cell cycle progression of primary rat astrocytes. We found that Aβ25-35 (0.3–1.0 μg/ml) enhanced astrocyte proliferation in vitro in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Increased DNA synthesis by Aβ25-35 was observed during the S phase of the astrocyte cell cycle, as indicated by proliferation kinetics and bromodeoxyuridine immunocytochemical staining. Aggregation of Aβ25-35 abolished the upregulatory effect of Aβ on astrocyte proliferation. Further examination indicated that Aβ25-35 affected astrocyte proliferation during early or mid-G1 phase but had no effect on DNA synthesis at the peak of S phase. These results provide insight into the relationship between Aβ25-35 and astrocyte cell cycling in AD.
- Published
- 2017
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38. Landscape‐level wolf space use is correlated with prey abundance, ease of mobility, and the distribution of prey habitat
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Andrew M. Kittle, Morgan Anderson, Tal Avgar, James A. Baker, Glen S. Brown, Jevon Hagens, Ed Iwachewski, Scott Moffatt, Anna Mosser, Brent R. Patterson, Douglas E. B. Reid, Arthur R. Rodgers, Jen Shuter, Garrett M. Street, Ian D. Thompson, Lucas M. Vander Vennen, and John M. Fryxell
- Subjects
Alces alces ,Canis lupus ,functional response ,predator–prey game ,Rangifer tarandus caribou ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Abstract Predator space use influences ecosystem dynamics, and a fundamental goal assumed for a foraging predator is to maximize encounter rate with prey. This can be achieved by disproportionately utilizing areas of high prey density or, where prey are mobile and therefore spatially unpredictable, utilizing patches of their prey's preferred resources. A third, potentially complementary strategy is to increase mobility by using linear features like roads and/or frozen waterways. Here, we used novel population‐level predator utilization distributions (termed “localized density distributions”) in a single‐predator (wolf), two‐prey (moose and caribou) system to evaluate these space‐use hypotheses. The study was conducted in contrasting sections of a large boreal forest area in northern Ontario, Canada, with a spatial gradient of human disturbances and predator and prey densities. Our results indicated that wolves consistently used forest stands preferred by moose, their main prey species in this part of Ontario. Direct use of prey‐rich areas was also significant but restricted to where there was a high local density of moose, whereas use of linear features was pronounced where local moose density was lower. These behaviors suggest that wolf foraging decisions, while consistently influenced by spatially anchored patches of prey forage resources, were also determined by local ecological conditions, specifically prey density. Wolves appeared to utilize prey‐rich areas when regional preferred prey density exceeded a threshold that made this profitable, whereas they disproportionately used linear features that promoted mobility when low prey density made directly tracking prey distribution unprofitable.
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- 2017
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39. An uncertain future for woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou): The impact of climate change on winter distribution in Ontario
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Sara Masood, Thomas M. Van Zuiden, Arthur R. Rodgers, and Sapna Sharma
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climate change ,woodland caribou ,habitat selection ,linear features ,threatened species ,winter habitat ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
Habitat alteration and climate change are two important environmental stressors posing increasing threats to woodland caribou, Rangifer tarandus caribou, in Ontario. Our first objective was to identify the importance of linear features, habitat, and climate on the occurrence of woodland caribou during the winter season using over 30 years of records (1980-2012). Our second objective was to forecast the impacts of climate change on the future occurrence and range of woodland caribou. Woodland caribou occurrence and environmental data collected during 1980 to 2012 were obtained from the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR). Logistic regression models were used to identify the importance of linear features, habitat, and climate on woodland caribou. We then forecast future caribou occurrences using 126 future climate projections. Woodland caribou preferred coniferous forests and mixed forests that tended to be associated with increased lichen coverage, and regions with colder winters. Woodland caribou also avoided anthropogenically disturbed regions, such as areas associated with high road density or developed areas. Caribou range extent was projected to contract by 57.2-100% by 2050 and 58.9-100% by 2070. Furthermore, all 126 climate change scenarios forecast a range loss of at least 55% for woodland caribou in Ontario by 2050. We project complete loss of woodland caribou in Ontario if winter temperatures increase by more than 5.6°C by 2070. We found that woodland caribou in Ontario are sensitive to changes in climate and forecasted that an average of 95% of Ontario’s native woodland caribou could become extirpated by 2070. The greatest extirpations were projected to occur in the northernmost regions of Ontario as well as northeastern Ontario, while regions in western Ontario were projected to have the lowest rates of extirpation. This underscores the importance of mitigating greenhouse gases as a means to protect this iconic species.
- Published
- 2017
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40. MiR-338-3p regulates neuronal maturation and suppresses glioblastoma proliferation.
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James R Howe, Emily S Li, Sarah E Streeter, Gilbert J Rahme, Edmond Chipumuro, Grace B Russo, Julia F Litzky, L Benjamin Hills, Kyla R Rodgers, Patrick D Skelton, and Bryan W Luikart
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Neurogenesis is a highly-regulated process occurring in the dentate gyrus that has been linked to learning, memory, and antidepressant efficacy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been previously shown to play an important role in the regulation of neuronal development and neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus via modulation of gene expression. However, this mode of regulation is both incompletely described in the literature thus far and highly multifactorial. In this study, we designed sensors and detected relative levels of expression of 10 different miRNAs and found miR-338-3p was most highly expressed in the dentate gyrus. Comparison of miR-338-3p expression with neuronal markers of maturity indicates miR-338-3p is expressed most highly in the mature neuron. We also designed a viral "sponge" to knock down in vivo expression of miR-338-3p. When miR-338-3p is knocked down, neurons sprout multiple primary dendrites that branch off of the soma in a disorganized manner, cellular proliferation is upregulated, and neoplasms form spontaneously in vivo. Additionally, miR-338-3p overexpression in glioblastoma cell lines slows their proliferation in vitro. Further, low miR-338-3p expression is associated with increased mortality and disease progression in patients with glioblastoma. These data identify miR-338-3p as a clinically relevant tumor suppressor in glioblastoma.
- Published
- 2017
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41. Compensatory selection for roads over natural linear features by wolves in northern Ontario: Implications for caribou conservation.
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Erica J Newton, Brent R Patterson, Morgan L Anderson, Arthur R Rodgers, Lucas M Vander Vennen, and John M Fryxell
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in Ontario are a threatened species that have experienced a substantial retraction of their historic range. Part of their decline has been attributed to increasing densities of anthropogenic linear features such as trails, roads, railways, and hydro lines. These features have been shown to increase the search efficiency and kill rate of wolves. However, it is unclear whether selection for anthropogenic linear features is additive or compensatory to selection for natural (water) linear features which may also be used for travel. We studied the selection of water and anthropogenic linear features by 52 resident wolves (Canis lupus x lycaon) over four years across three study areas in northern Ontario that varied in degrees of forestry activity and human disturbance. We used Euclidean distance-based resource selection functions (mixed-effects logistic regression) at the seasonal range scale with random coefficients for distance to water linear features, primary/secondary roads/railways, and hydro lines, and tertiary roads to estimate the strength of selection for each linear feature and for several habitat types, while accounting for availability of each feature. Next, we investigated the trade-off between selection for anthropogenic and water linear features. Wolves selected both anthropogenic and water linear features; selection for anthropogenic features was stronger than for water during the rendezvous season. Selection for anthropogenic linear features increased with increasing density of these features on the landscape, while selection for natural linear features declined, indicating compensatory selection of anthropogenic linear features. These results have implications for woodland caribou conservation. Prey encounter rates between wolves and caribou seem to be strongly influenced by increasing linear feature densities. This behavioral mechanism-a compensatory functional response to anthropogenic linear feature density resulting in decreased use of natural travel corridors-has negative consequences for the viability of woodland caribou.
- Published
- 2017
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42. Study of flow-induced fiber in-plane deformation during high pressure resin transfer molding
- Author
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Golam Newaz, William R. Rodgers, Selina Zhao, and Frieberg Bradley R
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Materials science ,Transfer molding ,Mechanical Engineering ,Composite number ,Flow (psychology) ,New variant ,Deformation (meteorology) ,In plane ,Mechanics of Materials ,High pressure ,Materials Chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,Fiber ,Composite material - Abstract
High Pressure Resin Transfer Molding (HP-RTM) is a new variant of composite Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process that enables a short cycle time and a high composite strength to weight ratio, thus presents a great potential for fabricating automotive structural parts. Due to the high injection pressure, fiber-tow washout is becoming one of the major defects which impact the properties of composite materials. To predict and mitigate the fiber-tow washout problem, approaches of both experimental process optimization and computational prediction are essential. In this paper, an experimental study of fiber-tow washout is undertaken to determine the flow injection limits beyond which the preform deformation can be observed at various fiber volume fractions. A feasibility map is developed for a specific fabric and resin combination. It provides a means to determine the injection rates and fiber volume fractions to fabricate a quality part with minimal in-plane fiber washout due to the hydrodynamically flow-induced force during the HP-RTM process.
- Published
- 2021
43. Comparison of pre-fire and post-fire space use reveals varied responses by woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in the Boreal Shield
- Author
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Philip D. McLoughlin, Stan Boutin, Arthur R. Rodgers, Joseph Austin Silva, Scott E. Nielsen, and Christine Hague
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,biology ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Home range ,Taiga ,Space use ,Rangifer tarandus caribou ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Boreal ,biology.animal ,Threatened species ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Woodland caribou ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
By regulating successional dynamics in Canada’s boreal forest, fires can affect the distribution of the Threatened woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788)). Caribou tend to avoid areas burned within the last 40 years; however, few studies have compared pre-fire and post-fire caribou observations. In this study, we used caribou GPS locations from the Boreal Shield of Saskatchewan, Canada, to assess the short-term response of caribou to areas that burned while they were collared (hereafter recent burns). We used a “before–after, control–impact” design to compare the overlap of pre-fire and post-fire seasonal home ranges to the overlap of year-to-year seasonal home ranges. Caribou rarely encountered recent burns and when they did, they adjusted their space use in variable and complex ways that were largely indistinguishable from regular, interannual variation. Caribou tended to reduce use of recent burns in summer–autumn and winter, but not during the calving season, in some cases shifting their home range to incorporate more burned habitat. We conclude that recently burned areas (
- Published
- 2020
44. 49: Automated Catheter Tracking in 3D Ultrasound Images from High-Dose-Rate Prostate Brachytherapy Using Deep Learning and Feature Extraction
- Author
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Nicole Kitner, Jessica R. Rodgers, Tamas Ungi, Timothy Olding, Chandra Joshi, Parvin Mousavi, Gabor Fichtinger, and Martin Korzeniowski
- Subjects
Oncology ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Hematology - Published
- 2022
45. Toward three-dimensional ultrasound image fusion for the guidance of gynecological brachytherapy procedures
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Tiana Trumpour, Jessica R. Rodgers, David Tessier, Lucas C. Mendez, Kathleen Surry, and Aaron Fenster
- Published
- 2022
46. Phase recognition and cautery localization in basal cell carcinoma surgical videos
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Lucas March, Jessica R. Rodgers, Amoon Jamzad, Alice Santilli, Rebecca Hisey, Doug McKay, J. F. Rudan, Martin Kaufmann, Kevin Yi Mi Ren, Gabor Fichtinger, and Parvin Mousavi
- Published
- 2022
47. Influenza vaccination reduced myocardial infarctions in United Kingdom older adults: a prior event rate ratio study
- Author
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Adam J. Streeter, Lauren R. Rodgers, Fergus Hamilton, Jane A.H. Masoli, Alessandro Blé, William T. Hamilton, and William E. Henley
- Subjects
Epidemiology - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to estimate the real-world effectiveness of the influenza vaccine against myocardial infarction (MI) and influenza in the decade because adults aged ≥ 65 years were first recommended the vaccine.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We identified annual cohorts, 1997 to 2011, of adults aged ≥ 65 years, without previous influenza vaccination, from UK general practices, registered with the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Using a quasi-experimental study design to control for confounding bias, we estimated influenza vaccine effectiveness on hospitalization for MI, influenza, and antibiotic prescriptions for lower respiratory tract infections.RESULTS: Vaccination was moderately effective against influenza, the prior event rate ratio-adjusted hazard ratios ranging from 0.70 in 1999 to 0.99 in 2001. Prior event rate ratio-adjusted hazard ratios demonstrated a protective effect against MIs, varying between 0.40 in 2010 and 0.89 in 2001. Aggregated across the cohorts, influenza vaccination reduced the risk of MIs by 39% (95% confidence interval: 34%, 44%).CONCLUSION: Effectiveness of the flu vaccine in preventing MIs in older UK adults is consistent with the limited evidence from clinical trials. Similar trends in effectiveness against influenza and against MIs suggest the risk of influenza mediates the effectiveness against MIs, although divergence in some years implies the mechanism may be complex.
- Published
- 2022
48. Geospatial assessment of trace-level benzophenone-3 in a fish-bearing river using direct mass spectrometry
- Author
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Gregory W. Vandergrift, William Lattanzio-Battle, Thea R. Rodgers, Jamieson B. Atkinson, Erik T. Krogh, and Chris G. Gill
- Subjects
Water quality--Measurement ,Mass spectrometry ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Organic compounds ,Environmental Chemistry ,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Environmental monitoring ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
This is a peer-reviewed accepted manuscript version of an article that was published as: Vandergrift, G.W., Lattanzio-Battle, W., Rodgers, T.R., Atkinson, J.B., Krogh, E.T., & Gill, C.G. (2022). Geospatial assessment of trace-level benzophenone-3 in a fish-bearing river using direct mass spectrometry. ACS ES&T Water, 2(2), 262-267. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.1c00205 Benzophenone-3 (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone) is present in many sunscreens/cosmetics due to its UV-filtering properties, and has consequently been observed in recreational waters. There are growing concerns about endocrine disruption in aquatic organisms and broader impacts in freshwater and marine systems. Therefore, there is value in cost-effective, sensitive techniques that allow for high-density, spatiotemporal data to protect environmental health and inform public policy. Condensed phase membrane introduction mass spectrometry coupled to liquid electron ionization with in situ chemical ionization (CP-MIMS-LEI/CI) is a novel direct tandem mass spectrometry technique that fulfills these criteria, and was applied to direct measurements of benzophenone-3 in environmental water samples without any sample preparation. We report results that are sensitive (20 ng/L detection limit), reproducible (11% interday variability), and comparable to LC-MS/MS for environmental samples (n=4; 12-24% different). CP-MIMS-LEI/CI was applied to samples (n=33) from the Cowichan River and Cowichan Lake (British Columbia, Canada), an important fish-bearing system significant to First Nations culture, salmonid production, and recreation. The quantitative analysis afforded by CP-MIMS-LEI/CI enabled geospatial benzophenone-3 analysis, identifying elevated concentrations (>180 ng/L) associated with local recreational activity. LC-MS/MS measurements for samples from two locations suggest a correlation between the number of swimmers and benzophenone-3 concentrations (R2 = 0.88, 0.94). Funding for environmental sample collection was provided by the Habitat Conservation Trust Foundation, RBC Foundation, and BC Ministry of Environment and Climate Change. Research was supported through the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada funding RGPIN-2016-05380 (CGG). Post-print version Includes supporting information. https://viurrspace.ca/bitstream/handle/10613/26447/KroghGillESTWater2022.pdf?sequence=3
- Published
- 2022
49. The impact of interpersonal discrimination and stress on health and performance for early career STEM academicians
- Author
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Katharine Ridgway O'Brien, Samuel T. McAbee, Michelle R Hebl, and John R Rodgers
- Subjects
Discrimination (Psychology) ,Stress, Psychological ,performance ,physical health ,psychological health ,stem education ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
The present study examines the consequences of perceived interpersonal discrimination on stress, health, and performance in a sample of 210 STEM academicians. Using a path model, we test the relation that perceived interpersonal discrimination has on stress and the relation of stress to physical health maladies and on current and future performance. In so doing, we assess the link between discrimination and decrements in performance over time. Additionally, we test supervisor social support as a moderator of the discrimination–stress relation. Findings support relations between perceived interpersonal discrimination and stress, which in turn relates to declines in physical health and performance outcomes. Moreover, supervisory support is shown to mitigate the influence of interpersonal discrimination on stress in STEM academicians.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Comparison of Woodland Caribou Calving Areas Determined by Movement Patterns Across Northern Ontario
- Author
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John M. Fryxell, Jennifer Shuter, Arthur R. Rodgers, Philip D. Walker, John G. Cook, Eveyln H. Merrill, Ian D. Thompson, and Rachel C. Cook
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Ecology ,biology ,Movement (music) ,Neonatal mortality ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Ice calving ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Geography ,biology.animal ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Woodland caribou ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,General Environmental Science - Published
- 2020
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