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The results of our study of the eclipsing binary systems AF LMi, CzeV188 and CRTS J073333.0+302556 based on new CCD B, V, RC, IC complete light curves, are here presented. The short periods of these systems are confirmed and revised. The light curves were modeled using the latest version of the WilsonDevinney code and, as a result, we found that AF LMi (G3+G9) and CzeV188 (K0+K1) are W UMa-type contact binary systems belonging to the W subclass, showing a shallow degree of fill-out with components in good thermal contact. CRTS J073333.0+302556 is a detached binary system composed by a late dwarf (K8) and an M6 dwarf spectral type components. The asymmetries of the light curves were accounted for with a spot on the surface of one of the component. The absolute elements of the three objects were estimated.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is an early event in the pathogenesis of neurologic disorders and aging. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) regulates mitochondrial function in response to the cellular environment through the reversible deacetylation of proteins involved in metabolism and reactive oxygen species detoxification. As the primary mitochondrial deacetylase, germline, or peripheral tissue-specific deletion of SIRT3 produces mitochondrial hyperacetylation and the accelerated development of age-related diseases. Given the unique metabolic demands of neurons, the role of SIRT3 in the brain is only beginning to emerge. Using mass spectrometry-based acetylomics, high-resolution respirometry, video-EEG, and cognition testing, we report targeted deletion of SIRT3 from select neurons in the cortex and hippocampus produces altered neuronal excitability and metabolic dysfunction in female mice. Targeted deletion of SIRT3 from neuronal helix-loop-helix 1 (NEX)-expressing neurons resulted in mitochondrial hyperacetylation, female-specific superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) modification, increased steady-state superoxide levels, metabolic reprogramming, altered neuronal excitability, and working spatial memory deficits. Inducible neuronal deletion of SIRT3 likewise produced female-specific deficits in spatial working memory. Together, the data demonstrate that deletion of SIRT3 from forebrain neurons selectively predisposes female mice to deficits in mitochondrial and cognitive function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMitochondrial SIRT3 is an enzyme shown to regulate energy metabolism and antioxidant function, by direct deacetylation of proteins. In this study, we show that neuronal SIRT3 deficiency renders female mice selectively vulnerable to impairment in redox and metabolic function, spatial memory, and neuronal excitability. The observed sex-specific effects on cognition and neuronal excitability in female SIRT3-deficient mice suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction may be one factor underlying comorbid neuronal diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. Furthermore, the data suggest that SIRT3 dysfunction may predispose females to age-related metabolic and cognitive impairment.

La propagation à Bamako en novembre 2014 de l’épidémie de maladie à virus Ebola a constitué une menace pour les militaires français déployés au Mali. Le Service de santé des armées a dû mettre en œuvre des mesures visant à évaluer la réalité du risque et son évolution, à protéger les forces d’une transmission, et à se préparer à dépister, prendre en charge et évacuer un éventuel cas possible ou confirmé de maladie à virus Ebola.

The first analysis of the light curves of contact binaries ROTSE J135349.8+305205 (CB1) and 1SWASP J150957.5-115308 (CB2) using the Wilson-Devinney code is presented. Both binary systems are of the A-subtype with a shallow fill-out (20.8% and 15.8% respectively) and a difference in temperatures between the components of < 200 K. A mass-ratio of 0.302 is found for CB1, while for CB2 the interesting value of 0.904 is found. The short periods, 0.246 d for CB1 and 0.229 d for CB2, and their spectral type K suggests that these systems are near the shortest period limit. The absolute elements are estimated using GAIA parallaxes. CB2 is found to be at the beginning of its evolution, while CB1 will approach the final evolutionary stage. The sum of the component masses of CB1 is 0.813 M☉, below the mass limit of 1.0 − 1.2 M☉ assumed for the known contact binary stars.

Purpose: Sociodemographic factors have been shown to influence musculoskeletal health. However, little is known regarding the frequency of reporting and analysis of certain sociodemographic variables (e.g., age, sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), race, and ethnicity) in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) pertaining to hand surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess the rate of reporting and analysis of these variables in RCTs published in the Journal of Hand Surgery (JHS). Methods: A systematic review was conducted of RCTs published in JHS between 2015 and 2021. For each study, we determined whether the following sociodemographic variables were reported and/or analyzed: age, sex, height, weight, BMI, race, and ethnicity. Frequencies were reported by year and as a cumulative total. Studies were evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Results: A total of 45 RCTs met inclusion criteria, with about half (53.3%) originating from the United States. Age (97.8%) and sex (91.1%) were the most frequently reported sociodemographic variables, followed by race (17.8%), BMI (11.1%), and ethnicity (8.9%). Age (17.8%) was the most frequently analyzed variable, followed by sex (13.3%), and race (4.4%); the remaining variables were not analyzed in any study. Conclusions: While age and sex are reported at a high rate, only about 1 in 4 RCTs published in JHS report either race or ethnicity. All sociodemographic variables were infrequently included as part of statistical analysis. The significance of these findings should be recognized and used to interpret and enhance the methodology of future RCTs.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate case volume and variability of hip arthroscopy exposure among graduating orthopaedic residents.The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) surgical case log data from 2016 to 2020 for graduating United States orthopaedic surgery residents were assessed. Arthroscopy procedures of the pelvis/hip were identified. The average number of cases performed per resident was compared from 2016 to 2020 to determine the percent change in case volume. The 10th, 30th, 50th, and 90th percentiles of case volumes from 2016 to 2020 were presented to demonstrate case volume variability.There was no change in the number of hip arthroscopy procedures between 2016 and 2020 [average: 8.4 ± 10 (range: 0 to 87) vs. 9.8 ± 12 (range: 0 to 101)] (Despite the growing popularity of hip arthroscopy, resident exposure to this highly technical procedure remains limited, with about one-third of residents performing 2 or less cases by graduation.Understanding case volume and variability is important for orthopaedic surgery programs to ensure that graduating residents are gaining adequate exposure.

Allergy and asthma pathogenesis are associated with the dysregulation of metabolic pathways. To understand the effects of allergen sensitization on metabolic pathways, we conducted a multi-omics study using BALB/cJ mice sensitized to house dust mite (HDM) extract or saline. Lung tissue was used to perform untargeted metabolomics and transcriptomics while both lung tissue and plasma were used for targeted lipidomics. Following statistical comparisons, an integrated pathway analysis was conducted. Histopathological changes demonstrated an allergic response in HDM-sensitized mice. Untargeted metabolomics showed 391 lung tissue compounds were significantly different between HDM and control mice (adjusted p < 0.05); with most compounds mapping to glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid pathways. Several lung oxylipins, including 14-HDHA, 8-HETE, 15-HETE, 6-keto-PGF1α, and PGE2 were significantly elevated in HDM-sensitized mice (p < 0.05). Global gene expression analysis showed upregulated calcium channel, G protein–signaling, and mTORC1 signaling pathways. Genes related to oxylipin metabolism such as Cox, Cyp450s, and cPla2 trended upwards. Joint analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics supported a role for glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism following HDM sensitization. Collectively, our multi-omics results linked decreased glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid compounds and increased oxylipins with allergic sensitization; concurrent upregulation of associated gene pathways supports a role for bioactive lipids in the pathogenesis of allergy and asthma.

The present work describes the purification of an enzyme capable of degrading punicalagin. The enzyme was produced by Aspergillus niger GH1 by solid-state fermentation, and the enzyme production was induced by using ellagitannins as the sole carbon source. The purification steps included the concentration by lyophilization, desalting, anionic exchange, and gel filtration chromatography. The enzyme kinetic constants were calculated by using punicalagin, methyl gallate, and sugar beet arabinans. The molecular mass of the protein was estimated by SDS-PAGE. The identified bands were excised and digested using trypsin, and the peptides were submitted to HPLC-MS/MS analysis. The docking analysis was conducted, and a 3D model was created. The purification fold increases 75 times compared with the cell-free extract. The obtained Km values were 0.053 mM, 0.53% and 6.66 mM for punicalagin, sugar beet arabinans and methyl gallate, respectively. The optimal pH and temperature for the reaction were 5 and 40 °C, respectively. The SDS-PAGE and native PAGE analysis revealed the presence of two bands identified as α-l-arabinofuranosidase. Both enzymes were capable of degrading punicalagin and releasing ellagic acid.

The stress induced protein NQO1 can participate in a wide range of biological pathways which are dependent upon the interaction of NQO1 with protein targets. Many of the protein-protein interactions involving NQO1 have been shown to be regulated by the pyridine nucleotide redox balance. NQO1 can modify its conformation as a result of redox changes in pyridine nucleotides and sites on the C-terminal and helix seven regions of NQO1 have been identified as potential areas that may be involved in redox-dependent protein-protein interactions. Since post-translational modifications can modify the functionality of proteins, we examined whether redox-dependent conformational changes induced in NQO1 would alter lysine acetylation. Recombinant NQO1 was incubated with and without NADH then acetylated non-enzymatically by acetic anhydride or S-acetylglutathione (Ac-GSH). NQO1 acetylation was determined by immunoblot and site-specific lysine acetylation was quantified by mass spectrometry (MS). NQO1 was readily acetylated by acetic anhydride and Ac-GSH. Interestingly, despite a large number of lysine residues (9%) in NQO1 only a small subset of lysines were acetylated and the majority of these were located in or near the functional C-terminal or helix seven regions. Reduction of NQO1 by NADH prior to acetylation resulted in almost complete protection of NQO1 from lysine acetylation as confirmed by immunoblot analysis and MS. Lysines located within the redox-active C-terminus and helix seven regions were readily acetylated when NQO1 was in an oxidized conformation but were protected from acetylation when NQO1 was in the reduced conformation. To investigate regulatory mechanisms of enzymatic deacetylation, NQO1 was acetylated by Ac-GSH then exposed to purified sirtuins (SIRT 1-3) or histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). NQO1 could be deacetylated by all sirtuin isoforms and quantitative MS analysis performed using SIRT2 revealed very robust deacetylation of NQO1, specifically at K262 and K271 in the C-terminal region. No deacetylation of NQO1 by HDAC6 was detected. These data demonstrate that the same subset of key lysine residues in the C-terminal and helix seven regions of NQO1 undergo redox dependent acetylation and are regulated by sirtuin-mediated deacetylation.

The antimicrobial peptides Ocellatin-LB1, -LB2 and -F1, isolated from frogs, are identical from residue 1 to 22, which correspond to the -LB1 sequence, whereas -LB2 carries an extra N and -F1 additional NKL residues at their C-termini. Despite the similar sequences, previous investigations showed different spectra of activities and biophysical investigations indicated a direct correlation between both membrane-disruptive properties and activities, i.e., ocellatin-F1 > ocellatin-LB1 > ocellatin-LB2. This study presents experimental evidence as well as results from theoretical studies that contribute to a deeper understanding on how these peptides exert their antimicrobial activities and how small differences in the amino acid composition and their secondary structure can be correlated to these activity gaps. Solid-state NMR experiments allied to the simulation of anisotropic NMR parameters allowed the determination of the membrane topologies of these ocellatins. Interestingly, the extra Asn residue at the Ocellatin-LB2 C-terminus results in increased topological flexibility, which is mainly related to wobbling of the helix main axis as noticed by molecular dynamics simulations. Binding kinetics and thermodynamics of the interactions have also been assessed by Surface Plasmon Resonance and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry. Therefore, these investigations allowed to understand in atomic detail the relationships between peptide structure and membrane topology, which are in tune within the series -F1 > > -LB1 ≥ -LB2, as well as how peptide dynamics can affect membrane topology, insertion and binding.

Total knee arthroplasty is one of the safest and most routinely performed orthopedic procedures. As the volume of cases is expected to rise each year, so too will the incidence of uncommon complications. We describe a rare case of bullous pemphigoid, an autoimmune skin blistering disorder, that occurred after total knee arthroplasty in an otherwise healthy patient and led to hospital readmission. Early diagnosis and treatment of this condition may limit its spread and help to avoid comorbid sequelae.

Fructosyltransferase (FTase) catalyzes the transfer of a fructosyl group to a sucrose molecule or a fructooligosaccharide (FOS) when a FOS with a longer chain is formed. Production of FTase by two Aspergillus species and its mixture was exploited using solid-state fermentation (SSF) and employing agave sap as substrate. The maximum FTase activity (1.59 U/mL) by Aspergillus oryzae was obtained after 24 h, using a temperature of 30 °C, with an inoculum of 2 × 107 spores/mL. The nucleotide sequence coding for the fructosyltransferase showed 1494 bp and encodes for a protein of 498 amino acids. The hypothetical molecular tertiary structure of Aspergillus oryzae BM-DIA FTase showed the presence of structural domains, such as a five-bladed beta-propeller domain characteristic of GH (glycoside hydrolase) and C terminal, which forms a beta-sandwich module. This study contributes to the knowledge of stability, compatibility, and genetic expression of Aspergillus oryzae BM-DIA under SSF bioprocess conditions for industrial production of fructosyltransferase.

Background

Resume Contexte La condition physique du militaire est gage de son aptitude operationnelle. Les blessures inherentes a la pratique du sport sont cause d’indisponibilites pouvant entraver la capacite operationnelle des armees. L’antecedent de blessure est un facteur de risque de nouvelle blessure clairement identifiee. Une reprise progressive, adaptee et encadree, permet d’amoindrir ce sur-risque incitant le service de sante des armees a decrire recemment une procedure institutionnelle de reprise encadree de l’entrainement physique militaire et sportif apres un arret de plus de 21 jours. Objectif Nous presentons les resultats d’une enquete dont l’objectif principal etait d’etudier la mise en place de cette procedure sur le terrain. Methode Une enquete transversale de type « Connaissance, Attitude, Pratique » a ete realisee au moyen d’un questionnaire adresse aux 193 antennes medicales (AM) metropolitaines, entre septembre 2017 et janvier 2018. Resultats Cent quarante-trois questionnaires ont ete analyses (taux de reponse de 77,7 %). Au total, 71,3 % des AM disposaient d’un medecin qualifie en medecine du sport et 54,2 % des AM etaient en contact avec un moniteur de sport forme a la reprise encadree des activites physiques et sportives (APS). De plus, 74,1 % des AM connaissaient la procedure et 45,5 % la mettaient en place. Des initiatives locales ont ete repertoriees : projets personnalises de reprise d’activite, protocoles d’autonomisation, prevention de la recidive des blessures par des auto-exercices. L’instauration d’une reprise encadree des APS etait statistiquement correlee a la connaissance de la procedure, a la taille de l’effectif soutenu, au fait de disposer d’un bureau des sports local et de beneficier d’un moniteur de sport specifiquement forme (p Discussion La mise en place de cette procedure presentait des difficultes qui doivent etre prises en compte. Parmi les axes d’amelioration, il pourrait etre propose une formation ciblee des principaux acteurs et la redaction d’un support de prescription permettrait de favoriser l’organisation de cette procedure dans les antennes medicales.

The Pulsed Field Facility (PFF)- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) in Los Alamos, New Mexico has developed and operated a several types of ultra-high field pulsed magnets, including 100 T Multi-shot, 60 T Long Pulse, and an array of small 65 T magnets for users. Separately powering (nested) coils allows to both reduce the driving voltages and have a further degree of control over the pulse duration and therefore the current carrying capacity in conductor to maximize the produced magnetic fields. Duplex design with two nested coils powered separately by two capacitors has been used at several pulsed field centers to increase the generated magnetic field. In the last year, PFF-NHMFL focused on developing such a magnet to generate maximum magnetic field up to 77 Tesla using existing 4 MJ capacitor bank. The magnet is expected to provide 75 tesla magnetic field during regular operation. A Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) bank is used to protect the capacitor bank and its associated electrical components from the overvoltage in the case of a fault happening in the duplex magnet. This paper will outline the design, construction and operation of that magnet and the MOV bank.

Polyembryony has been reported in maize (Zea mays L.) since the 20th century. This trait is defined as the appearance of two or more seedlings from a germinated seed and has been associated with improvements in the nutritional content of the grain. Maize kernel traits are affected by different factors among them the growing location. Thus, it is important to determine the environmental (location) effect on polyembryonic kernel traits. The purpose of this study was to determine the environmental effects on the physical and chemical properties of polyembryonic maize kernels. Thirty-two maize genotypes with different levels of polyembryony (high, low and non-polyembryonic) were planted in two different locations with distinct climate (Buenavista, Coahuila and Río Bravo, Tamaulipas, Mexico). Results showed that at the Buenavista location, maize lines had a greater weight of one thousand grains (272 - 367 g), the non-polyembryonic lines showed the highest weight. Besides, the low polyembryonic maize lines promoted the largest grain dimensions. The polyembryonic maize had the biggest embryos, which occupied 11.37 -11.59% of the grain. At the Río Bravo, in comparison to Buenavista, the polyembryonic maize lines had the highest protein (4.56%) and fat (5%) contents, while the raw fiber (1.2%) was highest in non-polyembryonic maize, meanwhile at, the Buenavista location, the starch content (59.2%) was higher in non-polyembryonic maize, while ashes (1.4%) and moisture (13.7%) were higher in polyembryonic maize. Growing polyembryonic maize genotypes in different environments, it was observed that the bromatological profile is affected by environmental conditions. In this study, a better nutritional content was observed in maize genotypes grown at Río Bravo in comparison to those maize genotypes grown at Buenavista. So, this study suggests that it is possible to produce polyembryonic maize genotypes in different environments which will have a different bromatological profile and can be employed for specific industrial uses.

Succinylation is a post-translational modification of protein lysine residues with succinyl groups derived from succinyl CoA. Succinylation is considered a significant post-translational modification with the potential to impact protein function which is highly conserved across numerous species. The role of succinylation in the heart, especially in heart failure and myofibril mechanics, remains largely unexplored. Mechanical parameters were measured in myofibrils isolated from failing hearts of ischemic cardiomyopathy patients and non-failing donor controls. We employed mass spectrometry to quantify differential protein expression in myofibrils from failing ischemic cardiomyopathy hearts compared to non-failing hearts. In addition, we combined peptide enrichment by immunoprecipitation with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to quantitatively analyze succinylated lysine residues in these myofibrils. Several key parameters of sarcomeric mechanical interactions were altered in myofibrils isolated from failing ischemic cardiomyopathy hearts, including lower resting tension and a faster rate of activation. Of the 100 differentially expressed proteins, 46 showed increased expression in ischemic heart failure, while 54 demonstrated decreased expression in ischemic heart failure. Our quantitative succinylome analysis identified a total of 572 unique succinylated lysine sites located on 181 proteins, with 307 significantly changed succinylation events. We found that 297 succinyl-Lys demonstrated decreased succinylation on 104 proteins, while 10 residues demonstrated increased succinylation on 4 proteins. Investigating succinyl CoA generation, enzyme activity assays demonstrated that α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activities were significantly decreased in ischemic heart failure. An activity assay for succinyl CoA synthetase demonstrated a significant increase in ischemic heart failure. Taken together, our findings support the hypothesis that succinyl CoA production is decreased and succinyl CoA turnover is increased in ischemic heart failure, potentially resulting in an overall decrease in the mitochondrial succinyl CoA pool, which may contribute to decreased myofibril protein succinylation in heart failure.

Objective To utilize Google trends to examine the effects of changing rules and regulations on public interest regarding elective spine surgery. Methods This is a retrospective review analyzing data from Google trends to quantify public interest in elective cervical and lumbar fusion as restrictions related to COVID-19 were released. Three time periods were created surrounding the release of restriction on elective surgery on March 13, 2020, by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). "Pre-COVID" was defined as the four-month period directly preceding the national ban on elective surgery (11/13/2019 to 3/13/2020). "COVID" was defined as the four-month time period directly after the national ban on elective surgery (3/13/20-7/13/20), and "Post-COVID" was defined as the time period starting four months after the restrictions on elective surgeries first took place (7/13/20-11/13/20). Relative search volume (RSV) was assessed during all three time periods and compared using an analysis of variance test. Results Search volume for all terms pertaining to cervical and lumbar fusion declined precipitously after the release of restrictions on elective surgery. Additionally, search volume has yet to return to pre-pandemic levels. However, for many of the terms public interest has been steadily increasing and signals the return in demand for these procedures. Conclusion Public interest in elective spine surgery has been increasing as restrictions continue to loosen and many patients that deferred care will drive increased demand for the foreseeable future.

Fungal secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties are used for biological pest control. Their production is influenced by several factors as environment, host, and culture conditions. In the present work, the secondary metabolites from fermented extracts of Beauveria bassiana PQ2 were tested as antifungal agents against Gibberella moniliformis LIA. The L(18) (2(1) × 3(7)) orthogonal array from Taguchi methodology was used to assess 8 parameters (pH, agitation, sucrose, yeast extract, KH(2)PO(4), MgSO(4), NH(4)NO(3), and CaCl(2)) in B. bassiana PQ2 submerged fermentation. The ability of the fermented extracts to slow down the growth rate of G. moniliformis LIA was evaluated. The results from 18 trials were analyzed by Statistica 7 software by evaluating the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) to find the lower-the-better condition. Optimal culture conditions were pH, 5; agitation, 250 rpm; sucrose, 37.5 g/L(−1); yeast extract, 10 g/L(−1); KH(2)PO(4), 0.8 g/L(−1); MgSO(4), 1.2 g/L(−1); NH(4)NO(3), 0.1 g/L(−1); and CaCl(2), 0.4 g/L(−1), being the agitation at the highest level the most significant factor. The optimal conditions were validated in a sparged bottle bioreactor resulting in a higher S/N value (12.48) compared to the estimate. The extract obtained has the capacity to inhibit the germination of G. moniliformis spores at 24 h. HPLC-ESI-MS(2) allowed to identify the water-soluble red pigment as oosporein (m/z 304.9). The secondary metabolites from B. bassiana PQ2 are a suitable alternative to control the growth and sporulation of G. moniliformis.

Human adult muscle-type acetylcholine receptors are heteropentameric ion channels formed from two α-subunits, and one each of the β-, δ-, and ε-subunits. To form functional channels, the subunits must assemble with one another in a precise stoichiometry and arrangement. Despite being different, the four subunits share a common ancestor that is presumed to have formed homopentamers. The extent to which the properties of the modern-day receptor result from its subunit complexity is unknown. Here we show that a reconstructed ancestral muscle-type β-subunit can form homopentameric ion channels. These homopentamers open spontaneously and display single-channel hallmarks of muscle-type acetylcholine receptor activity. Our findings demonstrate that signature features of muscle-type acetylcholine receptor function are independent of agonist, and do not necessitate the complex heteropentameric architecture of the modern-day receptor.

Alcohol consumption remains a leading cause of liver disease worldwide, resulting in a complex array of hepatic pathologies, including steatosis, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis. Individuals who progress to a rarer form of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH), require immediate life-saving intervention in the form of liver transplantation. Rapid onset of AH is poorly understood and the metabolic mechanisms contributing to the progression to liver failure remain undetermined. While multiple mechanisms have been identified that contribute to ALD, no cures exist and mortality from AH remains high. To identify novel pathways associated with AH, our group utilized proteomics to investigate AH-specific biomarkers in liver explant tissues. The goal of the present study was to determine changes in the proteome as well as epigenetic changes occurring in AH. Protein abundance and acetylomic analyses were performed utilizing nHPLC-MS/MS, revealing significant changes to proteins associated with metabolic and inflammatory fibrosis pathways. Here, we describe a novel hepatic and serum biomarker of AH, glycoprotein NMB (GPNMB). The anti-inflammatory protein GPNMB was significantly increased in AH explant liver and serum compared to healthy donors by 50-fold and 6.5-fold, respectively. Further, bioinformatics analyses identified an AH-dependent decrease in protein abundance across fatty acid degradation, biosynthesis of amino acids, and carbon metabolism. The greatest increases in protein abundance were observed in pathways for focal adhesion, lysosome, phagosome, and actin cytoskeleton. In contrast with the hyperacetylation observed in murine models of ALD, protein acetylation was decreased in AH compared to normal liver across fatty acid degradation, biosynthesis of amino acids, and carbon metabolism. Interestingly, immunoblot analysis found epigenetic marks were significantly increased in AH explants, including Histone H3K9 and H2BK5 acetylation. The increased acetylation of histones likely plays a role in the altered proteomic profile observed, including increases in GPNMB. Indeed, our results reveal that the AH proteome is dramatically impacted through unanticipated and unknown mechanisms. Understanding the origin and consequences of these changes will yield new mechanistic insight for ALD as well as identify novel hepatic and serum biomarkers, such as GPNMB.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate orthopaedic surgery resident case volume and variability for adult and pediatric knee arthroscopy from 2016 to 2020. Methods: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education surgical case log data from 2016 to 2020 for graduating United States orthopaedic surgery residents were analyzed. The average number of total (adult and pediatric), adult, and pediatric knee arthroscopy cases were compared from 2016 to 2020. The 10th and 90th percentiles of case volumes for adult and pediatric knee arthroscopy procedures were compared from 2016 to 2020 to determine caseload variability. Results: There was an 18% increase in pediatric knee arthroscopy cases between 2016 and 2020 (average: 13.9 ± 10 to 16.4 ± 13; P < .005), a 5.4% decrease in adult knee arthroscopy cases (100 ± 45 to 94.6 ± 47; P < .027), and a 2.6% decrease in total knee arthroscopy (113.9 ± 47 to 111 ± 51; P = .264) cases. There was an 11-fold difference in the number of pediatric knee arthroscopy cases performed between the 10th and 90th percentile of residents in 2020 (3 vs 33 cases, respectively), a 3.28-fold difference for adult knee arthroscopy (47 vs 154, respectively), and a 2.98-fold difference for total knee arthroscopy (59 vs 176, respectively). Conclusions: Pediatric knee arthroscopy comprises a small yet growing percentage of total knee arthroscopy case volume of graduating orthopaedic surgery residents. However, wide variability in resident exposure is present and likely masked by the abundance of adult cases performed each year. Clinical Relevance: The findings presented in this study may assist in optimizing arthroscopy resident education. Existing ACL reconstruction and knee arthroscopy case minimum requirements could be updated to include a set number of pediatric cases. These changes might help reduce case volume variability and discrepancies in resident education.

Caso clínico: Paciente de sexo femenino, de 6 años, que acudió refiriendo baja visual del ojo derecho de 6 meses de evolución; antecedente de contacto con perros. El diagnóstico clínico inicial fue el de un hamartoma retiniano. Se realizó un abordaje con estudios de biometría hemática, química sanguínea, resonancia magnética de cráneo y ultrasonido en modo AB. Se solicitó posteriormente determinación de anticuerpos para Toxocara cani (inmunoglobulina [Ig] G 24.5 U, valores de referencia 0-9U; IgM e IgA < 2.5 U, dentro de parámetros). Discusión: Tras haber realizado el abordaje de la paciente de manera integral descartando un retinoblastoma, sumado a los hallazgos clínicos y de laboratorio, se establece diagnóstico final de granuloma central por toxocariasis con contracción vitreorretiniana centrípeta. La paciente se encuentra bajo vigilancia y seguimiento en el hospital.

Hip dislocation after hip arthroscopy is an uncommon postoperative complication. We report a case of a 51-year-old woman who underwent right hip arthroscopy and presented with an anterior hip dislocation on postoperative day five. The index surgery involved capsulotomy, cam lesion debridement, and femoroplasty for an anterosuperior labral tear and cam-type femoroacetabular impingement. The patient underwent an uneventful recovery course until eight weeks postoperatively she developed iliopsoas bursitis. Her symptoms were managed conservatively with activity modification and physical rehabilitation. Complete resolution of symptoms was reported by the six-month follow-up visit, and no further dislocations or instability had been reported at 12 months. Anterior hip dislocation is a rare complication following hip arthroscopy and patients may experience persistent iliopsoas bursitis several months following successful reduction.