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Media emotion regulation has been defined as parents’ use of media to regulate their children's emotions in early childhood. The purpose of this review is to investigate the predictors of media emotion regulation and its consequences on children's socioemotional development. As predictors of media emotion regulation, parental education level, parental media use, and the child’s temperament were examined. It was observed that parents with low levels of education and higher personal media use more frequently offer their children media emotion regulation than other parents. The relationships between children’s temperamental domains of negative affect and extraversion/surgency and media emotion regulation have been shown as positive, while the relationship between effortful control and media emotion regulation has been displayed as negative. As for the consequences of media emotion regulation on children's socioemotional development, children’s problematic media use, emotional knowledge, and empathy were examined. The relationship between media emotion regulation and problematic media use was displayed as positive; children who frequently experienced media emotion regulation had increased problematic media use. Also, it was shown that media emotion regulation has a negative role in children's emotional knowledge. As children's experience with media emotion regulation increased, their emotional knowledge decreased. Lastly, in the relationship between media emotion regulation and empathy, both positive and negative findings were observed and variables that may influence this relationship were discussed. This study contributes significantly to understanding the conditions under which children more frequently experience media emotion regulation and the role of this experience on children's socioemotional developmentAs the consequences of media emotion regulation on children’s socio-emotional development, children's problematic media use, emotional knowledge, and empathy have been explored. There is a positive relationship between media emotion regulation and problematic media use. As media emotion regulation increases, children's emotional knowledge decreases. Finally, in the relationship between media emotion regulation and empathy, both positive and negative outcomes have been found, suggesting that media content and how children perceive media emotion regulation may influence this relationship. This study offers a significant contribution by exploring the conditions under which children more frequently experience media emotion regulation and its role in children's socio-emotional development.

Social cognitive functions make it possible to correctly recognize and interpret the emotions and mental states of others in the social environment, to understand their intentions correctly and to react accordingly. Therefore, these functions arecritical for healthy social interactions and professional success in human life. Social cognitive functions are impaired in many psychiatric and neurological diseases and this impairment negatively affects almost all areas of patients' lives, albeit in different dimensions. According to research findings revealing the relationship between social cognition and social functioning, social cognition should be one of the treatment targets for many diseases. Recently, there has been increasing interest in interventions that target the improvement of these functions. In this article, these training programs, research findings and assessment tools used in these studies are discussed in the specific case of schizophrenia.

Extremely shy children may find themselves somehow isolated from society and feel alone. This may cause them to experience different problems at home, at school and in the community. If this situation continues in the following years, the difficulties they experience in life will increase and the probability of their emergence as mental problems such as childhood loneliness, social anxiety disorders, depression and anxiety disorders that negatively affect their quality of life will increase. Thus, it is important to intervene in childhood shyness, social isolation, loneliness, and behavioral inhibition in order to eliminate possible problems that may be experienced in childhood and at the same time to prevent the continuation of the situation in adolescence and adulthood. Developmental bibliotherapy can be used in the context of both prevention and early intervention studies for shyness in early childhood with extremely shy children. In this context, the aim of this study is to provide an in-depth perspective on the concepts of extreme shyness and bibliotherapy, and to present an example of a developmental bibliotherapy session that can be experienced with extremely shy children who are between five to eight years old in early childood period and a sample book list that can be used in the sessions

The objective of this review is to assess the potential inclusion of animal-assisted therapy practices in the treatment of depression. Given the documented rise in the incidence of depression in recent years, there is a recognized significance in exploring innovative approaches to depression treatments. While previous studies and systematic reviews have investigated animal-assisted therapy in general or in relation to topics like anxiety, no specific study detailing the impact of animal-assisted therapy practices on depression treatment was identified. Consequently, this review was undertaken to fill this gap. The review focused on studies conducted between 2011 and 2022, evaluating a total of 6 randomized controlled studies. The findings from these studies suggest that integrating animal-assisted therapy practices into the depression treatment process can yield positive effects. Despite the observed benefits, it is important to note that systematic application of animal-assisted therapy reveals certain deficiencies. Therefore, there is a recognized need for additional studies to address and refine the systematic implementation of animal-assisted therapy in the context of treating depression.

The autonomic nervous system and its dysfunction are associated with many diseases. For a healthy individual, it is essential that the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are balanced and functioning at a high capacity. Psychiatric disorders often exhibit disruptions in the activity of the vagus nerve, which can lead to autonomic dysfunction. People with psychiatric disorders, including panic disorder, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, and substance addiction, often show reduced heart rate variability. Heart rate variability is a reliable marker for assessing autonomic functions, and decreased heart rate variability in individuals with psychiatric disorders can lead to an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Autonomic dysfunction is observed in psychiatric disorders, and it occurs during the course of the illness, not necessarily at its onset. Autonomic dysfunction accelerates the progression of the disease. Therefore, controlling autonomic functions is crucial. This can help reduce disease symptoms and decrease the morbidity and mortality caused by autonomic dysfunction."

Studies in mental health is to increase the positive emotions of the person and to reduce the negative emotions, beliefs and thoughts. Especially after positive psychology, many studies have been carried out to ensure that individuals have positive emotions. However, in recent studies, it has been determined that individuals avoid not only negative emotions but also positive emotions. Thus, you suppress your positive emotions because of fear of happiness. The individual's beliefs and cultural values also affect mental health. The person is afraid of being happy because of these beliefs and cultural values. Fear of happiness is the avoidance of happines. When people believe thet unhappiness will come immediately after happiness or that the environment will be harmed after being happy, fear of happiness occurs. Fear of happiness harms both the mental health and social relations. Morever, fear of happiness is associated with alexithymia, anxiety, stress, fear of compassion, antisocial, cognitive distortions related to relationships, panic disorder and especially depression. It is extremely important to know and define the fear of happiness for an effective treatment interventions. Fear of happiness rests in maladaptive schemas in early life, not meeting their needs warmly and sincerely in childhood, punishing them when they experience positive emotions, and growing up in a family with unhealthy family patterns. In this study, it is aimed to define fear of happiness, to determine the protective and risk factors, to determine the causative factors, to explain the related concepts, and so to raise awareness about fear of happiness.

Cognitive evolution, as the core subject of fields like paleoanthropology, cognitive archeology, and neuropsychology, has begun to gain more interest in psychology in recent years. Executive functions are viewed from the perspective of cognitive evolution as basic advancements that are crucial to the evolution of language and contemporary cognition. As a metaphor, executive functions refer to advanced cognitive processes (working memory, inhibition, organization, cognitive flexibility, etc.) in the context of complex goal-directed behaviors. Sophisticated cognitive traits like executive functions emerged because of solutions to adaptive issues (survival, reproduction, and social group life) that human ancestors confronted over millions of years and passed them on to their offspring. Although it is accepted that Homo sapiens owes its evolutionary success to Paleolithic living conditions, explaining this process has not always been easy. In this review article, general information about executive functions is presented, followed by a review of scientific explanations about the evolution of executive functions. Evaluations have shown that these alternative scientific explanations based on archaeological, anthropological, and neuropsychological evidence for the evolutionary origins of executive functions do not fit all the pieces of the puzzle. It is believed that novel research models will clarify which of these alternative explanations are proximate causes and which are ultimate causes.

Child abuse and neglect is a widespread social problem. The prevalence of this problem threatens the present and future of children. Although various prevention programs have been proposed in the literature as a solution to the problem of child abuse and neglect, recently, technological applications have been increasingly used in prevention and intervention studies for abuse and neglect. This study aims to review the current literature on technologically assisted programs for preventing child abuse and neglect. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was used to identify eligible studies. 22 evidence-based studies with pretest-posttest control were included in the review. The reviewed programs were structured to educate parents, children, and various professionals on appropriate parenting skills and child abuse and neglect. In the studies reviewed, web/internet-based applications were mostly used and effectiveness evaluation studies were mainly conducted on parents. With the exception of one study, the programs were found to be effective following interventions for abuse and neglect, and cognitive and behavioral improvements were noted in parents, children, and other professionals. As a result, it can be said that technology-based prevention programs are accepted practices for child abuse and neglect. To date, however, there is little data to support the use of such studies in preventive practices and strategies. More studies are needed to test the effectiveness of technological applications in preventing abuse among children and adolescents.

Cyberbullying is defined as intentional, repetitive, and harmful behaviors carried out using computers, cell phones, or other electronic devices. In recent years, there has been an increase in the rates of cyberbullying parallel to the rise in Internet usage. Particularly among adolescents, the prevalence of cyberbullying and cyber victimization are quite high. Adolescents who cyberbully or cyber victim face serious mental health problems. In this reason, efforts should be made to prevent adolescents from being exposed to these negative effects. It is crucial to identify the risk factors and protective factors related to cyberbullying, as they can guide preventive interventions. The review aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on the risk factors and protective factors influencing cyberbullying. Furthermore, information was provided regarding the definition, historical trend, prevalence, and consequences of cyberbullying. In this review, firstly, the definition of cyberbullying is provided, followed by a detailed discussion of its history, prevalence, risk factors, and protective factors. It is expected that the study, which comprehensively explains the factors related to cyberbullying, will contribute to the literature on cyberbullying and provide guidance to professionals working in this field."

The use of mindfulness-based interventions in many areas is increasing day by day. Having knowledge of the components of mindfulness is also important to know the mechanisms in which mindfulness-based interventions are effective. This study has aimed to examine potential attentional mechanisms of mindfulness. In this context, mindfulness has been defined and attention and attention models have been briefly discussed in the study. Then, the relationship between mindfulness and attention has been examined, and previous research findings examining mindfulness and attention are included. The studies on attention and mindfulness seem to have more inconsistent results when conducted with adults, whereas the studies in adolescents and children seem to have more consistent results revealing that mindfulness-based interventions improve the attentional skills of the youth. Knowing the relationship between mindfulness and attention will aid to maximize the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions and it will be a crucial step in identifying the people that might benefit from mindfulness-based interventions

Hypnosis, a practice often misunderstood and surrounded by misconceptions, has a rich historical lineage dating back to ancient civilizations. Our review explores the relationship between neuroanatomy, genetics, and hypnotic susceptibility, investigating organic factors influencing an individual's responsiveness to hypnosis. This review highlights the importance of hypnosis as a high-level cognitive activity, especially in pain and anxiety management, and emphasizes the potential benefits of integrating hypnosis into healthcare practices. Recent advancements in neuroimaging have provided insights into the neurological mechanisms of hypnosis, while genetic research has expanded its applications. However, persistent misconceptions hinder its acceptance. This article offers a multidisciplinary basic exploration of hypnosis, focusing on its origins, historical development related to psychiatry, the basic neuroimaging findings mainly affecting the limbic system responsible for emotion, and genetic underpinnings. We aim to inspire clinicians, social scientists, and healthcare professionals to effectively integrate the scientific basics of hypnosis into therapeutic practice, contributing to a better understanding of its role in augmenting outcomes.

Remarried families become widespread as a type of family that differs from first marriages both developmentally and structurally. Due to its developmental and structural differences, both the quality and continuity of this families emerge as areas that need to be studied. To offer effective interventions to remarried families, researchers and practitioners in the field of mental health should have access to knowledge on this subject. The literature on remarried families emphasizes biological, non-biological and co-parenting related issues. The expectations, knowledge and perceptions of both the married couple, the children and the surrounding social environment of the remarried family is another important issue. Communication, problem solving, and conflict management can be an important tool in strengthening relationships and preventing negative experiences for families established through remarriage. It is seen that the interventions that deal with the mentioned characteristics of families formed through remarriage are given in the form of group practices, adopting a preventive approach, supported by practices that point to skill acquisition in addition to providing information. Programs offered for families formed through remarriage share commonalities such as remarried family development, parenting skills, communication and problem-solving skills. The effectiveness of interventions for remarriage has been tested by various studies conducted since the late 1970s. While testing the effectiveness of such interventions, it is seen that different outcome variables such as family integrity, dyadic satisfaction, relationship quality, marital continuity, conflict level, stress level and behavioral disorders experienced by family members are considered. Research findings show that interventions for remarriage are effective.

Respiratory tract diseases emerge as a significant global health concern accompanying the aging process. Among the escalating chronic conditions associated with aging, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) stands out as a notable concern due to its high disease burden, mortality, and morbidity rates, necessitating intervention. The indispensability of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry (CLP) in averting, treating, and rehabilitating psychosocial predicaments encountered by individuals remains indisputable. Individuals with COPD and their families face challenges spanning social, economic, psychological, physical, and healthcare access domains. A scrutiny of studies reveals that evidence-based efforts by healthcare professionals targeting psychosocial challenges faced by COPD-afflicted individuals pivot towards enhancing problem management. This article particularly examines psychosocial interventions for COPD patients over the past five years. The identified studies emphasize interventions focusing on domiciliary medical support, exercise routines, self-management, psychological comorbidities, and the improvement of life quality, thereby underscoring the cardinal importance of physical activity in augmenting mental well-being. Ultimately, the conducted research has been analyzed through the prism of evidence-based practice to profoundly comprehend the ramifications of psychosocial interventions for COPD patients. Such research endeavors have been deemed to hold pivotal significance in enhancing patients' quality of life and optimizing treatment outcomes.

Due to the shared phenomenology and research findings related to disorders like obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), trichotillomania (TTM), body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), skin picking disorder (SPD), hoarding disorder (HD), and OCD, these conditions are collectively classified as Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders (OCRDs) in the DSM-5. Despite having distinct features from OCD in terms of course and treatment outcomes, they are categorized together. The etiology of OCRDs remains incompletely understood, and information on their treatment is limited. Traditional pharmacological approaches often fall short in addressing the needs of many OCRD patients, necessitating alternative strategies. Recent research has shed light on a potential imbalance in glutamate, a crucial excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, among certain patients with OCRDs. Findings from these studies suggest that glutamate modulators may be beneficial for individuals who do not respond to standard pharmacotherapeutic interventions. While no glutamate modulator has conclusively proven effective for OCD, promising results have been noted for memantine and riluzole. The evidence surrounding N-acetylcysteine (NAC) also positions it as a reasonable consideration for some patients. Noteworthy research on D-cycloserine (DCS) and ketamine has indicated potential benefits, and investigations into the off-label use of these pharmacological agents, originally approved for other indications, have been particularly focused on refractory OCRDs. It is essential to highlight that these drugs operate through diverse and, in some cases, opposing mechanisms. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that the existing studies on the use of these drugs in OCRDs are still insufficient. A more in-depth exploration of glutamate imbalance in the etiology of OCRDs is needed to better understand the role of glutamate modulators in treatment.

Reactions to stimuli vary from person to person. The same stimulus has different effects depending on the perception of different people and the physical and mental states they are in. Considering this difference, situations can be seen in which a person perceives a specific stimulus or group of stimuli as negative and disturbing for themselves. In particular, people with high levels of sensory processing sensitivity feel the negative effects of stimuli more intensely both in terms of their internal processes (hunger, pain, sadness, stress, etc.) and the situation of the physical environment (loud noise, bright light, pungent odor, etc.) which they are in. On the other hand, the existence of situations where sensory processing sensitivity has a positive effect is also noticeable. In this context, the relationship between sensory processing sensitivity and personality traits is examined. The concept of personality is explained in different ways by many different theorists in the international literature. In order to avoid confusion that may arise in the definition and understanding of personality traits, in this review study, personality traits are examined on the basis of the Five Factor Personality Theory. Within the framework of the personality definition of the Five Factor Personality Theory, The relationship between five basic personality traits and sensory processing sensitivity is examined by also considering the subdimensions of each five personality traits.

BackgroundAlcohol dependence and related health problems have attracted greater than ever attention in recent years. Alcohol dependence not only affected personal behavior control ability， but also brought adverse effect to families and society.ObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between cognitive function and personality traits among male alcohol-dependent patients with aggressive behavior， in order to provide references for improving the cognitive function of male alcohol-dependent patients with aggressive behavior.MethodsMale patients with alcohol dependence attending Hunan Brain Hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 and fulfilling the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） diagnostic criteria were enrolled. According to the score of Modified Overt Aggression Scale （MOAS）， participants were classified into aggressive behavior group and non-aggressive behavior group at 1∶1 ratio， each with 80 cases. The enrolled subjects were then evaluated using Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Short Scale for Chinese （EPQ-RSC） and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status （RBANS）. Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to examine the correlation between EPQ-RSC and RBANS scores among alcohol-dependent patients with aggressive behavior.ResultsScores on each subscale in RBANS were all lower in aggressive behavior group than those in non-aggressive behavior group （t=2.176， 2.580， 2.076， 2.308， 2.193， P

BackgroundDue to the prominent particularity of medical work， nurses are prone to developing depression， which not only poses a considerable threat to the physical and mental health of nurses， but also affects the quality of nursing to some extent. Occupational stress is a known contributor to depression in nurses， whereas relatively little research has been done to investigate the underlying mediation path.ObjectiveTo explore the mediation effect of perceived organizational support and psychological capital on the relationship between occupational stress and depression among nurses， and to provide theoretical references for the prevention and treatment of occupational stress-induced depression in nurses.MethodsFrom March to August 2019， a stratified random sampling method was utilized to select a sample size of 720 nurses in each department of a grade A tertiary hospital in Shandong Province. All subjects were assessed using Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire （ERI）， Perceived Organization Support Questionnaire （POS）， Psychological Capital Questionnaire （PCQ） and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale （CES-D）. Pearson correlation was adopted to examine the correlation among above scales， and multilevel mediation analyses were conducted with model 6 in Process macro （version 3.3） for SPSS 26.0 using Bootstrap re-sampling method.ResultsA total of 658 nurses （91.39%） completed the effective questionnaire survey. ERI score was positively correlated with CES-D score （r=0.499， P

Bipolar disorder （BD） is a complex mental illness characterized by mood fluctuations， excitability and impaired functioning. Anxiety in BD patients frequently leads to increased clinical symptoms， worse social functioning， and a higher risk of suicide. Current research on BD with anxiety symptom primarily examined clinical characteristics， prevalence and treatment， with limited focus and inconsistent findings on its neuro-biogenetic mechanisms. The findings in this area were also inconsistent. Magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）， known for its non-invasive nature and high resolution， is extensively utilized in investigating disease mechanisms. Consequently， this paper gave a comprehensive review on the progress in brain imaging on BD patients with anxiety symptom， seeking to discern stable changes in brain structure and function， thereby enrich our understanding of the neurobiological etiology of this condition and offer valuable insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies making. This paper covered 14 original studies and synthesized their findings on brain structure and function. Conclusively， the changes of brain functional activities in BD patients with anxiety symptom mainly involve the prefrontal lobe， posterior cingulate cortex， temporal lobe and angular gyrus， while the changes of brain structure mainly involve the left hippocampus and middle frontal gyrus， but the consistency of the research results needs to be enhanced. The research in this field is not sufficient, and more homogeneous clinical samples and larger longitudinal studies are needed to verify and supplement the above results. ［Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China （number， 82071524）］

Stress， as an adaptive response of the organism to internal and external environmental stimuli， may have detrimental effects on health when excessively or continuously activated， particularly on contributing the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore， this paper comprehensively reviews the relationship between stress and cardiovascular diseases from four aspects： epidemiology， pathophysiological mechanisms， stress-related cardiovascular diseases and advances in the treatment， aiming to provide references for prevention， early diagnosis and effective intervention of cardiovascular diseases in clinical practice. ［Funded by Beijing Natural Science Foundation （number， 2108000050）］

BackgroundNon-suicidal self-injury （NSSI） behavior has become a major public health concern and can have significant implications for the physical and mental health of adolescents. Peer victimization is a risk factor for adolesents to have NSSI behavior， so exploring the relationship and underlying mechanism between peer victimization and NSSI functions will provide a promising strategy for the prevention and intervention of NSSI behavior.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between peer victimization and NSSI functions in adolescents with unipolar and bipolar depression， so as to provide references for the intervention of NSSI behavior in adolescent patients with unipolar and bipolar depression.MethodsUsing multi-stage stratified sampling， 940 adolescents with unipolar and bipolar depression who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） criteria for bipolar depressive episodes or depressive disorders were selected from 14 psychiatric hospitals in China. All participations were assessed using Chinese version of the Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation （C-FASM）， Multidimensional Peer-Victimization Scale （MPVS）， UCLA Loneliness Scale （UCLA-LS） and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 item （PHQ-9）. Pearson correlation coefficient was to assess the correlation among above scales， and the model fit and path coefficients for mediation were analyzed with model 4 in Process 4.0 for SPSS.ResultsA total of 698 （74.26%） adolescents with unipolar and bipolar depression completed the questionnaire survey. NSSI behavior was detected in 374 patients （53.58%）. Among adolescents with unipolar and bipolar depression and NSSI behavior， MPVS total score was positively correlated with the scores of NSSI emotion regulation function， attention-seeking function and social avoidance function in C-FASM （r=0.104， 0.130， 0.266， P

BackgroundCompliance of functional exercise has considerable impact on the effectiveness of postoperative rehabilitation among patients with breast cancer. Both symptom burden and hope level of patients are in relation with the compliance mentioned above， but there is limited evidence for the relationship among the three in patients after breast cancer surgery.ObjectiveTo explore the pathway of hope level between symptom burden and functional exercise compliance in patients after breast cancer surgery， with intention to provide references for improving their functional exercise compliance.MethodsFrom March 26 to December 9， 2023， 312 patients who received breast cancer surgery in a tertiary grade A hospital in Sichuan Province were selected as the study objects. Investigation was conducted by adopting scales including the Chinese version of the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory （MDASI-C）， the Chinese version of the Herth Hope Scale （HHS-C） and the Functional Exercise Compliance Scale among breast cancer patients after discharge. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation among each scale score. Model 4 from the macro program Process of SPSS 25.0 was used to analyze the pathway of hope level between symptom burden and functional exercise compliance.ResultsA total of 308 patients （98.72%） after breast cancer surgery completed effective questionnaire survey. As results showed， MDASI-C score was negatively correlated with scores of HHS-C and functional exercise compliance （r=-0.202， -0.279， P

BackgroundCognitive behavioral therapy （CBT） is a widely used and empirically supported psychotherapy method. In recent years， the localization of CBT related to culture has received increasing attention from Chinese scholars. However， there is still a lack of systematic research on the localization of CBT using idioms as materials.ObjectiveTo explore whether idioms reflect the mutual influence between the two core therapeutic elements of CBT （cognition and emotion） and to use them as CBT treatment tools among college students， so as to provide references for the localization of CBT.MethodsUsing the Xinhua Idiom Dictionary （second edition） published by the Commercial Press， a three-round manual screening method was used to select idioms that reflected the mutual influence between cognition and emotion in CBT. Based on the selected idioms， a survey questionnaire titled "survey on idiom understanding level" was developed. From August to October， 2022， stratified sampling was conducted among college students from different majors and universities， and 815 valid questionnaires were obtained through the Questionnaire Star platform. By analyzing the understanding of each idiom among college students， idioms that could be used as CBT treatment tools were identified.ResultsIn the Xinhua Idiom Dictionary （second edition）， there were 13 idioms that reflected the influence of cognition on emotion and 5 idioms that reflected the influence of emotion on cognition. 12 idioms could be used as CBT treatment tools， including 8 idioms that reflected the influence of cognition on emotion and 4 idioms that reflected the influence of emotion on cognition.ConclusionThere may be idioms that reflect the mutual influence between the two core therapeutic elements of CBT （cognition and emotion） and these idioms can be attempted as a therapeutic tool for CBT among college students.

BackgroundSuicidal ideation serves as a sensitive predictive indicator for non-suicidal self-injury （NSSI） behavior， and NSSI behavior brings profound effects to both mental and physical health of senior high school students. Existing studies have made exploration on the relationship among insomnia， anxiety and NSSI behavior in the general population， but the internal mechanism of NSSI behavior in senior high school students with suicidal ideation requires further study.ObjectiveTo explore the pathway of anxiety between insomnia and NSSI behavior in senior high school students， so as to provide references for the intervention on NSSI behavior in such demographic.MethodsFrom December 10 to 15， 2021， cluster sampling was adopted to select 2 572 senior high school students across three senior high schools in Hubei Province as the research objects. Assessment was conducted by using Insomnia Severity Index （ISI）， Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 item （GAD-7） and Adolescents Self-Harm Scale. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to examine the correlation among scores of scales finished by senior high school students with suicidal ideation. Model 4 from the SPSS 20.0 Process 4.2 was employed to test the mediating path of anxiety between insomnia and NSSI behavior.ResultsA total of 2 421 valid questionnaires （94.13%） were recovered， which revealed 554 cases （22.88%） with suicidal ideation and 408 cases （16.85%） with NSSI behavior. The scores of ISI， GAD-7 and Adolescents Self-Harm Scale of senior high school students with suicidal ideation were higher than those of students without suicidal ideation （Z=17.124， 20.611， 21.314， P

BackgroundSchizophrenic patients have metabolic disorders， impaired language and information processing function. Inflammatory factors may play an important role in the occurrence and development of schizophrenia.ObjectiveTo explore the relationship of the inflammatory factor levels with metabolic levels， language fluency and information processing function in patients with schizophrenia， so as to provide references for clinical understanding of the neuropathological mechanisms of schizophrenia.MethodsA total of 96 patients with schizophrenia were included in the study group， who were hospitalized in the Fourth People's Hospital of Hefei from January 2021 to December 2022 as well as met the diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） and Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview （MINI） 6.0 .Meanwhile， population who underwent physical examination at the same hospital were included in the control group （n=42）. A high-sensitivity multi factor electrochemiluminescence analyzer was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors IL-4， IL-5， IL-7， IL-8， IL-10 and IL-13. A fully automated biochemical analyzer was used to detect the levels of metabolic indicators such as fasting blood glucose， triglycerides， high-density lipoprotein， apolipoprotein A， creatinine and urea nitrogen. Verbal fluency and information processing function of all participants were assessed by using Verbal Fluency Test （VFT） and Stroop Color Word Test （SCWT）.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in the levels of IL-4， IL-5， IL-7， IL-8， IL-10， IL-13 and IL-15 between the study group and the control group （P

BackgroundCurrently， the diagnosis of depressive disorder relies on symptomatology， which is greatly influenced by subjective factors such as clinicians' experience. Finding more accurate and reliable quantitative diagnostic methods is currently an urgent problem.ObjectiveTo explore the value of Fisher discriminant function based on inflammatory cytokines in the diagnosis of depressive disorder， so as to provide references for clinical diagnosis.MethodsA total of 136 patients diagnosed with depressive disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） criteria， who underwent inpatient treatment at Hebei Mental Health Center from April 2020 to November 2020， were enrolled as study group. 67 healthy participants matched for age and gender， was recruited during the same period. Serum levels of inflammatory cytokine were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. Fisher discriminant model was employed to establish a discriminant function for inflammatory cytokines exhibiting significant statistical differences between study group and control group， which was then validated.ResultsThe levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6） ， interferon-γ （INF-γ） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） were higher in the study group compared with control group， with statistically significant differences （U=9.115， 5.239， 4.431， 5.428， P

BackgroundObsessive-compulsive personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder （OCD） are common psychological disorders with similar clinical symptoms， but the differences between the two need further clarification.ObjectiveTo explore the clinical features of and influencing factors of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in patients with OCD， so as to provide references for further relevant clinical diagnosis and treatment.MethodsA total of 195 patients with OCD were selected as the research subjects， who received treatment at the outpatient and inpatient departments of the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from July 2022 to December 2023 and met the diagnostic criteria for OCD in the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10）. Evaluation was conducted by using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale （Y-BOCS）， Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ （PDQ-4+）， Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised （OCI-R）， Beck Depression Inventory （BDI）， Beck Anxiety Inventory （BAI） and Sheehan Disability Scale （SDS）. In accordance with the score of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Scale in PDQ-4+， patients were divided into the OCD group with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder （n=58） and the OCD group without obsessive-compulsive personality disorder （n=137）. Pearson correlation analysis and Spearman correlation analysis were adopted to examine the correlation between clinical features and the score of the Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of OCD patients with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.ResultsStatistically significant differences were observed between OCD patients with and without obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in the age， family history of mental illness， time without treatment， hoarding and ranking dimension scores in OCI-R， OCI-R total score， score of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Scale in PDQ-4， and BDI score （P≤0.05）. OCD patients with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in the time without treatment， OCI-R total score， hoarding and ranking dimension scores in OCI-R and BDI score are all positively correlated with the score of the Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Scale （r=0.120， 0.526， 0.364， 0.492， 0.414， P

BackgroundComorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） and emotional dysregulation may represent a distinct subtype of ADHD， which is characterized by an increased risk of anxiety or depressive disorder and a poor clinical prognosis， so research is urgently required to explore its unique executive functioning profile and clinical characteristics. However， there is limited research comparing the clinical symptoms and executive function in children with ADHD in terms of the presence or absence of emotional dysregulation.ObjectiveTo explore the executive function and clinical characteristics of ADHD children with emotional dysregulation.MethodsFrom June 2020 to December 2023， 118 children aged 7 to 12 with ADHD attending the Mental Health Center of West China Hospital， Sichuan University and fulfilling the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） diagnostic criteria were enrolled. Children were classified into emotional dysregulation group （n=68） and non-emotional dysregulation group （n=50） based on the standard T-scores of Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist （CBCL）- anxious/depressed， aggressive behavior and attention problems subscales. All children were then subjected to complete the Chinese version of Swanson Nolan and Pelham，Version IV Scale-parent form （SNAP-IV）， Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children （C-WISC）， Weiss Functional Impairment Scale-Parent form （WFIRS-P） and 4 tests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery （CANTAB）： ①Stockings of Cambridge （SOC） testing spatial planning. ②Intradimensional-extradimensional Set Shifting（IED） testing cognitive/attentional flexibility， adjusting the total errors across the task. ③Spatial Working Memory （SWM） testing spatial working memory. ④Rapid Visual Information Processing （RVP） testing sustained attention.ResultsThe SNAP-IV Inattention， Hyperactivity/Impulsivity and Oppositional Defiant Disorder domain scores and total score were all higher in emotional dysregulation group compared with non-emotional dysregulation group （t=3.206， 5.088， 6.316， 6.553， P

BackgroundAcne treatment cycle lasts long and will cause facial appearance damage. Many patients are prone to psychological problems and severe patients may even experience suicidal ideation.However， the influencing factors of psychological health problems in acne patients are still unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate the mental health status of patients with moderate-to-severe acne and to analyze the influencing factors of their psychological health problems， so as to provide references for improving their mental health.MethodsA total of 120 patients with moderate-to-severe acne of grades II-IV were selected as the research subjects， who were treated in the dermatology outpatient department of the Third Hospital of Mianyang from June 2021 to June 2023. All subjects were evaluated by using the Acne-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire（Acne-QoL）， Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS）， Self-rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）， Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale （RSES） and Social Phobia Inventory （SPIN）. According to the evaluation results of SDS， SAS， RSES， SPIN， subjects were divided into a group with mental health problems （n=21） and a group without mental health problems （n=99）. Binary Logistic regression anaylsis was adopted to explore the influencing factors of psychological health problems in acne patients.ResultsA total of 21 patients （17.50%） were detected to have symptoms of depression， anxiety， inferiority or social dysfunction. Statistically significant difference was observed in comparison between two groups in gender， profession， acne classification， dietary habit， age， illness course as well as the factor scores of self perception， emotional function， social function and acne symptom in Acne-QoL （χ2=7.013， 23.123， 9.028， 11.327， t=9.913， 13.022， 4.081， 5.383， 5.361， 10.203，P

BackgroundAlzheimer's disease （AD） is the most common type of dementia. There has been an increasing trend in incidence rate. The drug therapy has been proven ineffective in improving the cognitive function of AD patients or delaying the disease progression， leading to perceived low adherence with treatment and low efficacy. Previous basic research shows that blue light irradiation is helpful to improve the cognitive function of AD model rats， but there is no corresponding clinical study on the improvement effect of blue light irradiation on cognitive function of AD patients.ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy of blue light irradiation in improving the cognitive function of AD patients， so as to provide references for cognitive stabilization or improvement of AD patients.MethodsA sample of 155 patients who were hospitalized in Geriatric Department of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital from June 2019 to December 2023 and met the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） diagnostic criteria for AD were retrospectively selected. Among them， 80 cases who received blue light irradiation combined with memantine therapy and conventional psychotherapy were the study group， and 75 cases who only received memantine therapy and conventional psychotherapy were the control group. Blue light irradiation therapy lasted for 4 weeks， 5 times per week， with each session lasting for 30 min. Then Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE） and Activity of Daily Living Scale （ADL） were administered at the baseline and after treatment.ResultsAfter treatment， study group reported an increase in MMSE total score， orientation， immediate recall， attention/calculation， delayed recall and language dimension scores （Z=-6.931， -5.773， -4.123， -3.649， -3.508， -4.733， P

BackgroundIndividuals may experience significant alterations in sleep hygiene during the major public health emergencies， consequently impacting their sleep quality.ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between sleep quality and sleep hygiene among adult residents during the major public health emergencies， so as to provide references for improving the sleep quality of residents during such a period.MethodsA sample of 1 364 adult residents were enrolled as the research subjects from February 20 to 29， 2020. All participants were asked to complete self-administered questionnaire to obtain basic-demographic information and sleep hygiene. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI） was applied to assess sleep quality. Residents were classified into poor sleepers with PSQI score ≥8 and good sleepers defined as PSQI score

BackgroundGeriatric depression is a common psychiatric problem among older adults. Animal-assisted interventions （AAI） can aid in the treatment of psychiatric disorders， but their effectiveness in geriatric depression remains controversial.ObjectiveTo provide an overview of the current research on AAI in alleviating geriatric depression， in order to provide references for developing AAI programs for this population.MethodsBased on Arksey's scoping review method， a comprehensive literature search was conducted on April 16， 2023. The databases searched included China Knowledge Network， VIP， Wanfang Medical Network， China Biomedical Literature Database， Web of Science， PubMed， CINAHL， Cochrane Library and Embase. The search aimed to collect studies related to AAI and geriatric depression from the inception of each database until April 15， 2023. Two trained researchers independently screened the literature and extracted data on basic information.ResultsA total of 13 studies were included in the final review. AAI settings included nursing homes， hospitals， communities， day care centers and residences. Interventions involved touching and naming the animals， verbally interacting with the animals， playing games with the animals， communicating with the therapists and learning to care for the animals. AAI was found to improve social interaction and communication abilities， bring positive emotional experiences and enhance life satisfaction in geriatric depression. However， its effect on cognitive function improvement was inconclusive.ConclusionAAI can potentially alleviate negative mood and depressive symptoms in geriatric depression. ［Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China （number， 82001444）］

Abstract Introduction Although there have been qualitative meta-syntheses on experiences of eating disorders treatments, there is a paucity of syntheses specifically examining the perspectives and experiences of eating disorders treatments (ED) in East Asia (EA). Such synthesis could facilitate a better understanding of culture-specific perspectives and experiences. This review complements a quantitative scoping review published on ED treatments in EA (Yim & Schmidt, 2023), where most interventions reviewed focused on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and internet interventions. The present meta-synthesis summarises stakeholders’ views on treatments and to synthesise clinical and research recommendations. Method A systematic search of five databases and a citation search were conducted to identify relevant studies and data were analysed using thematic synthesis. Out of the 301 studies found, a total of 12 papers were included in the analysis. Results A diverse range of treatments, such as family therapy, paediatric/psychiatric inpatient care, CBT, and counselling, were discussed. Three overarching themes were identified: Delineating Physical and Psychological Recovery; ‘I am not alone in this battle’; and Barriers to Change. The themes further delve into the various obstacles to recovery, including financial concerns and limited access to professionals and services. Culture-specific factors include family obligations and promoting family harmony. Balancing interdependence and independence from one’s family, as well as understanding family body ideals versus broader societal body ideals, are important considerations in ED interventions. Discussion Some themes paralleled other qualitative syntheses, highlighting improved family relationships, perceived authoritarianism in treatments, and financial barriers. The review extends beyond the previous findings, revealing nuanced factors like family roles, cultural values, and norms. Clinical recommendations include incorporating family context in treatment and considering cultural influences on body image ideals. Capacity building through telemedicine and increased training is essential for advancing ED treatment in East Asia. Continued research is needed to better understand and treat people affected by ED in EA.

Abstract Background The oculomotor circuit spans many cortical and subcortical areas that have been implicated in psychiatric disease. This, combined with previous findings, suggests that eye tracking may be a useful method to investigate eating disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to assess oculomotor behaviors in youth with and without an eating disorder. Methods Female youth with and without an eating disorder completed a structured task involving randomly interleaved pro-saccade (toward at a stimulus) and anti-saccade (away from stimulus) trials with video-based eye tracking. Differences in saccades (rapid eye movements between two points), eye blinks and pupil were examined. Results Youth with an eating disorder (n = 65, M age = 17.16 ± 3.5 years) were compared to healthy controls (HC; n = 65, M age = 17.88 ± 4.3 years). The eating disorder group was composed of individuals with anorexia nervosa (n = 49), bulimia nervosa (n = 7) and other specified feeding or eating disorder (n = 9). The eating disorder group was further divided into two subgroups: individuals with a restrictive spectrum eating disorder (ED-R; n = 43) or a bulimic spectrum eating disorder (ED-BP; n = 22). In pro-saccade trials, the eating disorder group made significantly more fixation breaks than HCs (F(1,128) = 5.33, p = 0.023). The ED-BP group made the most anticipatory pro-saccades, followed by ED-R, then HCs (F(2,127) = 3.38, p = 0.037). Groups did not differ on rate of correct express or regular latency pro-saccades. In anti-saccade trials, groups only significantly differed on percentage of direction errors corrected (F(2, 127) = 4.554, p = 0.012). The eating disorder group had a significantly smaller baseline pupil size (F(2,127) = 3.60, p = 0.030) and slower pro-saccade dilation velocity (F(2,127) = 3.30, p = 0.040) compared to HCs. The ED-R group had the lowest blink probability during the intertrial interval (ITI), followed by ED-BP, with HCs having the highest ITI blink probability (F(2,125) = 3.63, p = 0.029). Conclusions These results suggest that youth with an eating disorder may have different oculomotor behaviors during a structured eye tracking task. The oculomotor behavioral differences observed in this study presents an important step towards identifying neurobiological and cognitive contributions towards eating disorders.

Abstract Background Studies indicate that the children of mothers who have eating disorders are at an increased risk of developing eating disorders themselves. The aim of this qualitative study was to broaden and extend current understandings of the experiences of mothers with eating disorders. The present report focuses on maternal perspectives, experiences, and support needs in relation to the intergenerational transmission of eating disorders. Method Semi-structured online interviews were conducted with parents living in the UK, USA, and Australia. Participants were eighteen mothers with a self-reported lifetime diagnosis of one or more eating disorders, who had experienced symptoms since becoming a parent, and who had at least one child aged 2 years or older. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results Four major themes relating to the impacts of having an eating disorder on children and intergenerational transmission were identified. These were: impacts (maternal perspectives on the ways having an eating disorder impacted their children, and their reflections around having been impacted by their own parents); breaking the cycle (strategies employed by mothers in efforts to prevent their children developing eating disorders of their own); communicating about the eating disorder (maternal experiences around disclosing or not disclosing having an eating disorder to their children); and support needs (maternal and perceived familial support needs in relation to breaking cycles of intergenerational transmission). Conclusions For mothers with eating disorders, concerns about the potential impacts on their children and fears about intergenerational transmission are salient, and these may vary for children at different ages. The mothers who participated in our study described engaging in a number of conscious strategies in efforts to manage the risks of eating disorder development in their children, but implementing these strategies was not without challenges. Implications for preventative programs to reduce the intergenerational transmission of eating disorders are discussed.

Abstract Background Unhealthy weight control behaviors (UWCBs) involve weight control strategies to reduce or maintain weight, such as fasting, taking diet pills, and vomiting or taking laxatives. UWCBs in teenagers can escalate into severe health issues such as eating disorders. Understanding the trends of UWCBs and their association with risk behaviors in teenagers is crucial, as early intervention and prevention strategies are pivotal. Methods This study utilized eight waves of the youth risk behavior surveillance system (YRBSS) data from 1999 to 2013. Our primary outcome was UWCBs engagement. We used multinomial logistic models to analyze the association between UWCBs and risk behaviors among adolescents including driving after alcohol consumption, suicide attempts, smoking, alcohol use, and sexual intercourse. Results Among 109,023 participants, UWCBs prevalence was 16.64%. Body Mass Index (BMI) was significantly associated with UWCBs risk. In addition, we found the intention of weight management confounded the relationship between BMI and UWCBs. The unadjusted logistic regression indicated a monotone-increasing association between BMI and the risk of UWCBs. In contrast, the adjusted logistic regression indicated a U-shaped curve with the lowest (BMI 30 kg/m2) BMI groups having significantly higher odds of engaging in UWCBs compared to the reference BMI group (18.5 ≤ BMI ≤ 24.9 kg/m2). Conclusions The intention of weight management confounded the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and the risk of UWCBs. These findings suggest that healthcare interventions for weight management behaviors should be tailored to adolescents with BMI ≥ 25 and BMI

Abstract Background General mental health inpatient units hold a valuable place in the stepped system of care, and for identification and treatment of people with eating disorders (EDs) or disordered eating behaviours (DEBs). This study aimed to pragmatically evaluate an evidence-informed screening and care pathway, alongside a staff education program, implemented to improve identification and treatment access for consumers with EDs and DEBs, with co-occurring psychiatric conditions, on a general mental health ward. Methods A mixed methodology design was mapped to the RE-AIM implementation framework. It encompassed medical record audits across two 3-month time points pre and post implementation of the pathway, and key informant consumer and health professional interviews. Results Process and implementation data were compared for three-month periods pre (2019, n = 348) and post-implementation (2021, n = 284). Post-implementation, intake SCOFF screening occurred in 94.7% of admissions. People with ED/DEBs diagnoses were 35 times more likely to have a SCOFF score ≥ 2 (OR = 35.2, p

Abstract Background Worldwide, at least 10% of adolescents have a documented mental illness, which is a leading source of morbidity, mortality, and functional impairment. Among individuals aged between 10 and 24 years, psychiatric disorders account for 45% of all years lived with disability. Parenting discipline styles are fundamental in shaping adolescents’ emotional integrity, cognitive capabilities, and behavioral patterns. To compare parenting styles and parental bonding dimensions in adolescents with different psychiatric disorders versus a group of healthy adolescents matched for age and sex. Patients and methods A case–control study conducted at Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University Hospitals, involved 50 participants of adolescents diagnosed with variable psychiatric disorders and 50 matched healthy controls. Results Authoritarian parenting style was evident in mentally ill adolescents, while authoritative parenting style was prevalent in healthy controls. In terms of parental bonding, mentally ill adolescents experienced a low level of care and a high level of overprotection from both parents. Conclusion The results of the study demonstrated that parenting styles may serve as predictors and predisposing factors for psychiatric disorders in adolescents. Adolescents with psychiatric disorders perceived both parents as more authoritarian, less authoritative. They also received a low level of care and a high level of overprotection from both parents.

Abstract Objectives Naltrexone prophylaxis is a well-established treatment for opioid use disorder. Our study aimed to track patients on naltrexone and investigate the factors predictive of retention. Materials and methods The study comprised 100 participants initiated on naltrexone, who underwent a 12-week follow-up. We analyzed a range of socio-demographic and clinical variables at 04 and 12 weeks to compare those who remained in treatment program with those who experienced relapse. Results The results revealed a predominantly young, unmarried, male, rural-dwelling sample with heroin as the primary opioid. Intravenous use was common (75%), with 57% of the participants exhibiting positive serology results for infections by hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis B (HBV), and/or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and a significant proportion initiating opioids before the age of 20 (31%). The retention rates at 04 and 12 weeks were 83% and 64%, respectively. Several socio-clinical factors including age of initiation of use, rural residence, and comorbid psychiatric illness significantly influenced retention at 04 and 12 weeks. Conclusion The findings highlight the importance of tailored interventions that take into consideration the age, residence, socio-economic status, and psychiatric comorbidity to enhance retention rates. Identifying these factors can help improve the effectiveness of treatment programs and promote sustained recovery efforts.

Abstract Background Over the past decades, media use has become a key aspect of young people’s daily lives, significantly shaping their social interactions, learning processes, and recreational pursuits. At the same time, healthcare professionals and researchers are increasingly concerned about the impact of media use on young people’s mental health. This concern is particularly relevant for gender diverse youth who may have distinct experiences with media that could impact their mental health uniquely compared to their peers, such as increased exposure to cyberbullying and negative content regarding their gender identity. This study aims to explore the associations between media use and depressive symptoms among youth and examine if gender moderates this association. Methods This study utilized a cross-sectional design involving a school-based sample of 8158 participants (M age = 14.05 years, SD = 2.45, N diverse = 144) from Austria. Participants completed a survey assessing their media use and depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Media use was measured by asking participants to report their daily usage in hours and minutes across various categories, including smartphone use, streaming services, social networks, and other media types. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine relationships between different forms of media use and depressive symptoms. Moderation analyses were performed using the PROCESS macro for SPSS to explore the role of gender. Results For gender diverse youth, multiple regression analysis identified streaming services (β = 0.265, p = .005) and social networks (β = 0.189, p = .037) as significant predictors of depressive symptoms in gender diverse youth. Moderation analyses conducted with the entire sample showed that gender moderates the relationship between depressive symptoms and smartphone use (B = - 0.008, p = .014), with the effect being the most negative for gender diverse individuals. Conclusion The findings underscore the complex relationship between media use and depressive symptoms among gender diverse youth, emphasizing the moderating role of gender. These results underline the need for gender-sensitive approaches in media literacy and mental health interventions. Stakeholders should be aware of risks and benefits of different media types to foster healthy media engagement.

Abstract Background This study evaluates the psychometric properties of the newly developed semi-structured interview, Interview Version of the Symptoms and Functioning Severity Scale (SFSS-I), which is designed to provide a dimensional assessment of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Methods Multi-informant baseline data from the OPTIE study was used, involving 358 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years (M = 11.54, SD = 3.4, n = 140 [39.1%] were female). Participants were screened for internalizing and externalizing symptoms. For validity analyses, caregiver (Child Behavior Checklist), youth (Youth Self Report), and teacher ratings (Teacher Report Form) were used. We performed Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses to evaluate the effectiveness of the SFSS-I subscales in distinguishing between children and adolescents diagnosed with internalizing and externalizing disorders, as determined by clinical judgement in routine care. Results Confirmatory factor analyses supported a correlated two-factor model for internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Acceptable to good internal consistencies (α = 0.76 to 0.89; ω = 0.76 to 0.90) and excellent interrater reliability on the scale level (ICC ≥ 0.91) was found. The ROC analyses showed an acceptable accuracy in identifying internalizing diagnoses (AUC = 0.76) and excellent accuracy for externalizing diagnoses (AUC = 0.84). Conclusion The SFSS-I demonstrates potential as a clinically-rated instrument for screening and routine outcome monitoring, offering utility in both clinical practice and research settings for the dimensional assessment of broad psychopathological dimensions. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) DRKS00016737 ( https://www.drks.de/DRKS00016737 ). Registered 17 September, 2019.

Abstract Background Attributions are the processes by which individuals explain the causes of positive and negative events. A maladaptive attributional style has been associated with reduced self-esteem, psychosocial functioning, and mental health. Although many psychosocial interventions target an individual’s attributional style in mental disorders, studies of its alterations in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) are sparse. This study aimed to investigate the attributional style in patients with BPD in comparison to healthy control individuals (HC) and its association with self-esteem and psychosocial functioning. Methods The participants (32 patients with a diagnosis of BPD, 32 HC, groups were balanced for sex, age and education) assessed their attributional style in regard to locus of control, stability and globality for positive and negative scenarios. Attributional style was compared between groups and linked to self-reports of self-esteem, loneliness and psychosocial functioning in different social domains while controlling for BPD and depressive symptom severity. Results Individuals diagnosed with BPD reported a maladaptive attributional style for both positive and negative events. This was found to be strongly related with lower self-esteem and higher levels of loneliness, but not with psychosocial dysfunctions assessed in different social domains. The severity of BPD and depressive symptoms did not fully explain the association of attributional style with self-esteem and loneliness. In contrast, correcting for acute psychopathology actually strengthened the relationship between self-esteem and maladaptive inferring causality for positive events. Conclusion The differential association of attributional style for positive and negative events with self-esteem and psychosocial functioning highlights the importance of considering the different facets of inferring causality during psychosocial interventions. Our findings suggest that the significance of cognitive alterations may change with remission of acute BPD and depressive psychopathology, depending on the valence of an event.

Abstract Given the chronic nature of schizophrenia, it is important to examine age-specific prevalence and incidence to understand the scope of the burden of schizophrenia across the lifespan. Estimates of lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia have varied widely and have often relied upon community-based data estimates from over two decades ago, while more recent studies have shown considerable promise by leveraging pooled datasets. However, the validity of measures of schizophrenia, particularly new onset schizophrenia, has not been well studied in these large health databases. The current study examines prevalence and validity of incidence measures of new diagnoses of schizophrenia in 2019 using two U.S. administrative health databases: MarketScan, a national database of individuals receiving employer-sponsored commercial insurance (N = 16,365,997), and NYS Medicaid, a large state public insurance program (N = 4,414,153). Our results indicate that the prevalence of schizophrenia is over 10-fold higher, and the incidence two-fold higher, in the NYS Medicaid population compared to the MarketScan database. In addition, prevalence increased over the lifespan in the Medicaid population, but decreased in the employment based MarketScan database beginning in early adulthood. Incident measures of new diagnoses of schizophrenia had excellent validity, with positive predictive values and specificity exceeding 95%, but required a longer lookback period for Medicaid compared to MarketScan. Further work is needed to leverage these findings to develop robust clinical outcome predictors for new onset of schizophrenia within large administrative health data systems.

Abstract Both the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) valine (Val)/methionine (Met) polymorphism and mismatch negativity (MMN) amplitude are reportedly linked to working memory impairments in schizophrenia. However, there is evident scarcity of research aimed at exploring the relationships among the three factors. In this secondary analysis of a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial, we investigated these relationships. The trial assessed the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation for enhancing working memory in clinically stable schizophrenia patients, who were randomly divided into three groups: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex stimulation, posterior parietal cortex stimulation, and sham stimulation groups. Transcranial direct current stimulation was administered concurrently with a working memory task over five days. We assessed the BDNF genotype, MMN amplitude, working memory capacity, and interference control subdomains. These assessments were conducted at baseline with 54 patients and followed up post-intervention with 48 patients. Compared to BDNF Met-carriers, Val homozygotes exhibited fewer positive and general symptoms and increased working memory capacity at baseline. A correlation between MMN amplitude and working memory capacity was noted only in BDNF Val homozygotes. The correlations were significantly different in the two BDNF genotype groups. Furthermore, in the intervention group that showed significant improvement in MMN amplitude, BDNF Val homozygotes exhibited greater enhancement in working memory capacity than Met-carriers. This study provides in vivo evidence for the interaction between MMN and BDNF Val/Met polymorphism for working memory capacity. As MMN has been considered a biomarker of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function, these data shed light on the complex interactions between BDNF and NMDAR in terms of working memory in schizophrenia.

Abstract Illness trajectories in people with first-episode psychosis (FEP) vary significantly over time. Identifying early-course parameters predicting outcomes is essential, but long-term data still needs to be provided. We conducted a 10-year follow-up study of a comprehensive first-episode psychosis (FEP) cohort investigating the prevalence of clinical recovery (CR) and treatment resistance (TR) after ten years, as well as clinical, demographic, and pre-illness predictors of long-term outcomes. 102 participants with FEP DSM-IV Schizophrenia spectrum disorders were recruited within their first year of treatment. The Treatment Response and Resistance in Psychosis Working Group (TRRIP) and the Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group (RSWG) criteria were used to define TR and CR, respectively. At 10-year follow-up, 29 (29%) of the participants were classified as in CR, while 32 (31%) were classified as TR. We also identified a larger middle group (n = 41, 40%) consisting of participants in partial recovery. 7% of all participants had tried Clozapine at the 10-year follow-up. Logistic regression analyses identified insidious onset (OR = 4.16) and baseline disorganized symptoms (OR = 2.96) as significantly associated with an increased risk of developing TR. Good premorbid academic adjustment (OR = 1.60) and acute onset (OR = 3.40) were associated with an increased chance of CR. We identified three long-term outcome groups by using recent consensus definitions. We also identified the potential importance of assessing baseline disorganized symptoms and monitoring patients with insidious onset more closely. Further, the findings suggest that clinicians should pay close attention to early-course parameters and provide adequate treatment to improve long-term outcomes of FEP.

Abstract This study examined whether maternal depression is related to Early Childhood Developmental (ECD) delay among children by quantifying the mediating contribution of responsive caregiving. We used data from 1235 children (Children’s mean age = 50.4 months; 582 girls, 653 boys, 93.9% were Han), selected through convenience sampling, in 2021. 4.7% of children had ECD delay, 34.3% of mothers had depression. Children with depressed mothers were less likely to receive responsive caregiving (OR 4.35, 95% CI 2.60–7.27), and those who did not receive responsive caregiving were more likely to experience ECD delay (OR 3.89, 95% CI 1.89–8.02). Responsive caregiving partly mediated the relationship between maternal depression and ECD. Early intervention for children with depressed mothers is worthy of further investigation.

Abstract Background With increasing numbers of people seeking medical gender reassignment, the scientific community has become increasingly aware of the issue of detransitioning from social, hormonal or even surgical gender reassignment (GR). This study aimed to assess the proportion of patients who discontinued their established hormonal gender transition and the risk factors for discontinuation. Methods A nationwide register-based follow-up was conducted. Data were analysed via cross-tabulations with chi-square statistics and t tests/ANOVAs. Multivariate analyses were performed via Cox regression, which accounts for differences in follow-up times. Results Of the 1,359 subjects who had undergone hormonal GR in Finland from 1996 to 2019, 7.9% discontinued their established hormonal treatment during an average follow-up of 8.5 years. The risk for discontinuing hormonal GR was greater among later cohorts. The hazard ratio was 2.7 (95% confidence interval 1.1–6.1) among those who had accessed gender identity services from 2013 to 2019 compared with those who had come to contact from 1996 to 2005. Discontinuing also appeared to be emerging earlier among those who had entered the process in later years. Conclusions The risk of discontinuing established medical GR has increased alongside the increase in the number of patients seeking and proceeding to medical GR. The threshold to initiate medical GR may have lowered, resulting in a greater risk of unbalanced treatment decisions. Trial registration number (TRN) Not applicable (the paper does not present a clinical trial).

Abstract Background Severe fatigue is a common symptom for people with visual impairment, with a detrimental effect on emotional functioning, cognition, work capacity and activities of daily living. A previous study found that depression was one of the most important determinants of fatigue, but less is known about disease-specific factors in this patient population. This study aimed to explore the association between visual impairment severity and fatigue in adults with low vision, both directly and indirectly, with vision-specific factors and depression as potential mediators. Methods Cross-sectional data were collected from 220 Dutch low vision service patients by telephone interviews. Fatigue was defined as a latent variable by severity and impact on daily life. Potential mediators included vision-related symptoms, adaptation to vision loss and depression. Hypothesized structural equation models were constructed in Mplus to test (in)direct effects of visual impairment severity (mild/moderate, severe, blindness) on fatigue through above mentioned variables. Results The final model explained 60% of fatigue variance and revealed a significant total effect of visual impairment severity on fatigue. Patients with severe visual impairment (reference group) had significantly higher fatigue symptoms compared to those with mild/moderate visual impairment (β = -0.50, 95% bias-corrected confidence interval [BC CI] [-0.86, -0.16]) and those with blindness (β = -0.44, 95% BC CI [-0.80, -0.07]). Eye strain & light disturbance, depression and vision-related mobility mediated the fatigue difference between the severe and mild/moderate visual impairment categories. The fatigue difference between the severe visual impairment and blindness categories was solely explained by eye strain & light disturbance. Moreover, depressive symptoms (β = 0.65, p

Abstract Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a disabling mental illness that can affect all aspects of daily life and is a leading cause of healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU). Aims We aimed to characterise patients with MDD with moderate-to-high-suicide-intent, compare their HCRU to patients with MDD without moderate-to-high-suicide-intent, and better understand their patient pathways. Methods This retrospective cohort study used data collected from primary care electronic health records from Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), linked to Hospital Episode Statistics, Mental Health Services Data Set, and Office for National Statistics in England. Adults diagnosed with ≥ 1 MDD diagnosis between 04/2007 and 11/2015 were categorised by suicide intent. Results 307,476 patients with MDD were included (294,259 patients without moderate-to-high-suicide-intent and 13,217 with moderate-to-high-suicide-intent). Patients with MDD with moderate-to-high-suicide-intent were younger on average (39.0 vs. 44.8 years) and included a lower percentage of females (58% vs. 65%) compared to patients without moderate-to-high-suicide-intent. HCRU was greater among patients with moderate-to-high-suicide-intent than patients without moderate-to-high-suicide-intent during the first follow-up year for general practitioner consultations (38.5 vs. 29.4), psychiatric outpatient visits (1.5 vs. 0.1), psychiatrist visits (3.6 vs. 0.3), emergency visits (1.5 vs. 0.3), and hospitalisations (86% vs. 26%). Overall, 56% of patients with moderate-to-high-suicide-intent had an antidepressant prescription within 30 days from the initial moderate-to-high-suicide-intent. Conclusions Patients with MDD and moderate-to-high-suicide-intent were younger, included more males and incurred greater HCRU than those without moderate-to-high-suicide-intent. These results suggest a greater need for effective medical care and appropriate treatments for patients with moderate-to-high-suicide-intent, which could help reduce associated symptoms, mortality, and HCRU.

Abstract Background Mental disorders are a significant contributor to disease burden. However, there is a large treatment gap for common mental disorders worldwide. This systematic review summarizes the factors associated with mental health service use. Methods PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science were searched for articles describing the predictors of and barriers to mental health service use among people with mental disorders from January 2012 to August 2023. The initial search yielded 3230 articles, 2366 remained after removing duplicates, and 237 studies remained after the title and abstract screening. In total, 40 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Middle-aged participants, females, Caucasian ethnicity, and higher household income were more likely to access mental health services. The use of services was also associated with the severity of mental symptoms. The association between employment, marital status, and mental health services was inconclusive due to limited studies. High financial costs, lack of transportation, and scarcity of mental health services were structural factors found to be associated with lower rates of mental health service use. Attitudinal barriers, mental health stigma, and cultural beliefs also contributed to the lower rates of mental health service use. Conclusion This systematic review found that several socio-demographic characteristics were strongly associated with using mental health services. Policymakers and those providing mental health services can use this information to better understand and respond to inequalities in mental health service use and improve access to mental health treatment.

Abstract Background Drug addiction is a significant public health concern, and aggression is common among people with drug addiction. Despite mounting evidence showing that the Dark Triad is a risk factor for aggression, the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship are less known. This study tested the mediation effect of self-control in the association between the Dark Triad and aggression and whether this mediation was moderated by physical exercise. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in two compulsory drug rehabilitation centers in Nanning, China. A convenience sample of 564 drug abstainers completed a questionnaire to assess their Dark Triad, self-control, aggression, and physical exercise levels. Mediation and moderation analyses were carried out in SPSS macro-PROCESS. Results Self-control partially mediated the positive association between the Dark Triad and aggression. Physical exercise moderated the indirect effect of the Dark Triad on aggression via self-control, with the effect decreasing with the increase in physical exercise levels. Conclusions This study offers fresh insights into the underlying mediating and moderating mechanisms between the Dark Triad and aggression. The findings provide important practical implications for future intervention and prevention programs to address aggression among drug abstainers, which may be realized through strengthening self-control and physical exercise.