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This study examined influence of two different vineyard management practices – biodynamic (BIO) and conventional (CON), applied in a vineyard of a red wine variety Prokupac, (Serbia, 43°18’ 29” N 21°23’15”E), on grape berry quality parameters: soluble solids (SS), pH, total acidity (TA), total phenolic content (TPC), radical-scavenging activity (RSA), and total anthocyanin content (TAC). Both investigated vineyard management approaches were combined with two different winter pruning levels (the bud number per vine was 10 and 20, respectively). Soluble solids content was not influenced by different managements, but very significant differences were found in different bud loads treatments. SS showed significantly higher accumulation in berry in lower bud load treatment, 10 buds (23.8 0 Brix) compared to the 20 bud load (21.7 0 Brix). On contrary, TA showed significant differences between managements, BIO (6.65g L-1) and CON (6.44g L-1). There were differences in TPC between BIO and CON treatments (4.86 and 4.16 mg GAE g-1 respectively). While TPC was significantly higher in the BIO management treatment, bud load treatments were not affected this characteristic. Total anthocyanin content (TAC) was affected only by the management practices and was significantly higher in CON management treatment. Mean value for TAC were 0.10 mg mal-3-glu g-1 (BIO), 0.19 mg mal-3-glu g-1 (CON). TPC, RSA and TA were significantly higher in the biodynamic management treatment compared to the conventional, whereas the pruning level did not affect these attributes. SS content was not influenced by different managements, but different bud load has had. There were not significant differences in pH between applied treatments. These results indicate that the Prokupac has achieved favorable results under the biodynamic management, in terms of quality of wine grapes. In both trailed pruning level treatments, the lower bud number per vine (10 buds) was more favorable. These results clearly justify

Qualitative and quantitative content of phenolic compounds in monovarietal wines of seven Serbian and two international varieties was determined and compared. The results showed that the variety influences the composition and content for most phenolic components determined in wines. The largest number of phenolic compounds (15) was detected in ‘Prokupac’ wine, while the smallest number (10) was found in ‘Smederevka’ wine. Hidroxybenzoic and hidroxycinnamic acids had the strongest discriminating effect. PCA indicated that phenolic composition depends on both the variety and the vintage, while in some cases their interaction was also manifested. From Serbian variety ‘Prokupac’ wine had the most specific phenolic profile.

During the three-year period of investigation, the trunk circumference, yield per tree, and yield efficiency in 13 ‘Oblačinska’ sour cherry clones were studied. Significant differences among the studied clones and years of testing were determined for all investigated traits, while interaction clone × year showed no significant differences. The lowest trunk circumference and yield per tree were found in the clone 13 (23.2 cm; 7.6 kg), and yield efficiency in clone 3 (0.09 kg/cm2). Clone 3 had the highest trunk circumference (53.9 cm), clone 6 had the highest yield per tree (23.3 kg), and clone 10 had the highest yield efficiency (0.18 kg/cm2). The lowest coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variation were determined for the yield efficiency (16.69%; 20.46%), and the highest for the yield per tree (33.28%; 34.89%). The coefficient of heritability ranged from 66.20% for the yield efficiency up to 98.37% for the trunk circumference.

The influence of three cultivars (‘Carmen’, ‘Kordia’ and ‘Regina’) grafted on six rootstocks (Mahaleb, ‘Colt’, ‘Oblacinska’, ‘M × M 14′, ‘Gisela 5′ and ‘Gisela 6′) on the phenolic profile of sweet cherry fruits was studied during a two-year period. All the individual phenolic compounds were detected using high-pressure liquid chromatography with diode-array detection coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MSn). In all the examined samples, 54 compounds were identified and divided into five phenolic classes: anthocyanins (4 compounds), flavonols (7), flavanols (11), flavanones (4), and hydroxycinnamic acids (28). Anthocyanins (58%) and hydroxycinnamic acids (31%) showed the greatest amounts in all the examined fruit samples. PCA analysis revealed that among the cultivars, ‘Kordia’ showed the highest phenolic content. Regarding rootstocks, the lowest values of the most important phenolic compounds were obtained in fruits from trees grafted onto the seedling rootstock Mahaleb. Among the clonal rootstocks, the vigorous ‘Colt’ and dwarf ‘Gisela 5′ promoted the highest values of the evaluated phenolic compounds in the cultivars ‘Kordia’ and ‘Carmen’, while the dwarf ‘Oblacinska’ and semi-vigorous ‘M × M 14′ induced the highest values in the cultivar ‘Regina’. By evaluating the influence of cultivars and rootstocks on the phenolic content in fruit, it has been proven that the cultivar has the most significant influence. However, the rootstock also influences the content of a large number of phenolic compounds. The selection of an adequate cultivar/rootstock combination can also be a powerful tool for improving the phenolic content in fruits, and consequently the nutritional value of sweet cherry fruits. © 2022 by the authors.

Phenological characteristics and yield potential in eight promising peach hybrids from selection based on fruit quality were studied in this paper. The hybrids flowered from late March to mid-April, and fruit ripened from late August to late September. The FS3, FS4, and FS7 hybrids had the highest density of flower buds. The initial fruit set was quite high (73.9%) and the final fruit set was much lower (32.2%). Fruit weight ranged from 129.8 g (FS4 hybrid) to 178.1 g (FS7 hybrid). The FS3 and FS7 hybrids had the highest yield per 1 m of shoot length (3.5 kg), and the FS2 hybrid had the highest yield per tree (25.3 kg) and the highest yield efficiency (0.30 kg cm-2). The FS2, FS3, and FS7 hybrids stood out based on yield potential. They are good candidates for release as new high-yielding peach cultivars or for use in further breeding efforts.

This study was realized in order to evaluate usability of isoenzymes in selection of low vigour cherry genotypes. The correlation of isoenzyme profiles with plant/tree vigour of 20 genotypes belonging to the genus Prunus, subgenus Cerasus as well as to four commercial rootstocks (Colt, Gisela 5, Gisela 6 and MaxMa 14) was investigated in this study. For this purpose, isoenzyme bands were identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) for eight systems: alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), formate dehydrogenase (FDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), isocitrate dehydrogenaze (IDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), shikimate dehydrogenase (SDH) and peroxidase (PRX). Inner bark of one-year-old shoots, in dormant stage was used for protein extraction. Cluster analysis was used to construct dendrogram for the classification of the cherry genotypes based on vigour traits and polymorphism of isoenzymes. The results showed that isoenzyme activity could be used in the selection of low vigour cherry genotypes and rootstock for high density orchards.

Fruit set and yield potential were studied in 15 genotypes of vineyard peach of late maturity (from middle to the end of September) during a three-year period (2012-2014). The study was carried out at the Experimental Station Radmilovac of the Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade. Genotypes were evaluated for: Initial and final fruit set, fruit weight, number of fruits m-1 of shoot length and yield m-1 of shoot length. Initial fruit set varied from 36.0% (genotype IV/16) to 67.0% (genotype IV/14), and final fruit set from 24.9% (genotype IV/13) to 51.2% (genotype IV/14). Fruit weight ranged from 40.1 g (genotype II/24) to 78.2 g (genotype II/17). Highest number of fruits m-1 of shoot length was recorded at genotype II/17 (21.3) and the lowest at genotype II/31 (9.6). Yield m-1 of shoot length varied from 0.5 kg (genotypes II/13 and II/24) to 1.4 kg (genotype IV/18). Among studied vineyard peach genotypes, three genotypes (II/17, IV/17 and IV/18) can be recommended as promising related to yield potential, or as starting material for new peach cultivars of late maturity in further breeding work.

This paper presents the results of two years of research experiments (2011-2012) for flowering phenology (start, full and end) and yield potential (initial and final fruit set, fruit weight and yield m-1 of shoot length) of eight promising peach hybrids obtained from crossing combination ‘Flaminia’ × ‘Hale Tardiva Spadoni’. The flowering of studied hybrids occurred from the end of March to mid-April and lasted from 10.0 to 14.0 days. Hybrids FH1, FH4 and FH6 dispayed the earliest and hybrid FH5 had the latest start of flowering. The tested hybrids were statistically significantly different in terms of initial and final fruit set and fruit weight. Initial fruit set was very high and ranged from 69.3% in the hybrid FH3 to 97.9% in the hybrid FH7. The hybrid FH7 had the largest final fruit set (52.7%), while the hybrid FH1 had the lowest final fruit set (24.0%). Fruit weight ranged from 97.7 g (hybrid FH6) to 165.6 g (hybrid FH3). The highest yield m-1 of shoot length was obtained in hybrids FH3 (2.7 kg) and FH7 (2.6 kg) and lowest in hybrids FH5 and FH8 (1.8 kg). Hybrids FH3 and FH7 can be singled out as potentially the most cropping, which makes them interesting for growing in areas where there is a risk of frost. Also, they can be important in breeding programs when creating new peach cultivars of high yield potential.

Central Balkan region is at the crossroads between Asia and Europe, on the line dividing various nations and civilizations of the East and the West. Due to its favorable climate and geological characteristics, it is an ancient wine growing region hosting a wide range of indigenous grapevine varieties, most of which are not internationally recognized.Also, numerous traditional local varieties, present in this area for centuries, are out of cultivation. Therefore, preservation and characterization of grapevine germplasm is important not only for the breeding process, but also for the improvement of modern varieties and their preservation for the future generations. Also, indigenous varieties as valuable resource of gen donors could be helpful when facing the challenges of climate changes. Unfortunately, during the last decade grapevine germplasm is undergoing a process of rapid genetic erosion, and as a consequence we are facing with the loss of varieties which are traditionally related to different winegrowing regions. The only way to prevent the loss of this heritage is to locate them, evaluate, preserve and precisely characterize them. In this Chapter the results of morphological and genetic characterization, as well as chemical characterization of some of the most important indigenous grapevine varieties in the central Balkan, such as Vranac, Krstač, Smederevka, Prokupac, Žilavka, Plavac Mali, and Istrian Malvasia will be summarized. These old varieties have passed through the process of natural selection and adapted to particular environmental conditions. As such, they represent irreplaceable genetic value for each country, and for the entire region.

The paper presents how different rootstocks and the 'Oblacinska' sour cherry as an interstock affect the vigor, fruit and leaf properties in different sour cherry cultivars. The trial included four rootstocks (Mazzard seedling, Mahaleb seedling, 'Colt' and Mazzard seedling with 'Oblacinska' sour cherry as an interstock) grafted with four sour cherry cultivars ('Meteor Korai', 'Rexelle', 'Heimanns Konservenweichsel' and 'Kelleriis 14'). The variability of most properties, in addition to the genotype of cultivars, was very significantly influenced by rootstocks. Within studied cultivars 'Meteor Korai' had the highest, while 'Kelleriis 14' showed the lowest vigor. At the same time, cultivar 'Kelleriis 14' had the highest fruit weight and largest leaf area. When it comes to the influence of the rootstock, the highest average values of the majority of the studied traits were established on seedling rootstocks, slightly less on the clonal rootstock 'Colt', and the lowest on Mazzard seedling with 'Oblacinska' sour cherry as interstock.

Creating genotypes that will be characterized by high yields, good quality and other favorable agronomic characters is a major objective of most currant breeding programs worldwide. For easier and faster achievement of these goals and identification of superior genotypes suitable for use as parents in future hybridization programs, study of genetic parameters seems to be obligatory. In this regard, the aims of our study were to estimate components of variability and heritability, and do correlation analysis for yield components in order to determine efficient strategies for improving yield in black currant breeding programs. Significant differences between cultivars were established for all studied traits. A high proportion of genotypic variance was found with bush width, no. of shoots per bush, bunch weight and berry weight indicating that genetic improvement for these traits through breeding was achievable. Opposite, seasonal variance was high for bush height, no. of bunch per bush and yield. The high heritability coefficients (0.80-0.94) detected for all traits studied reflect the close agreement between their phenotypic and genotypic values. Also, most pairs of traits were similarly correlated at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. So, yield was significantly and positively correlated with bush height, no of bunch per bush and bunch weight. These results imply a rapid response of black currants to selection.

The mode of inheritance and the degree of phenotypic correlation between some more important agronomic traits in two offsprings obtained by direct and reciprocal crossing of cultivars 'Smederevka' and 'Gewurztraminer' were investigated in this study. In 62 genotypes from direct crossing (Smederevka x Gewurztraminer) and 66 genotypes from reciprocal crossing (Gewurztraminer x Smederevka), the traits evaluated were as follows: time of bud burst, flowering time, ripening time, bunch weight, berry weight, grape yield, sugar content of must and total acidity of must. The genotypes of F-1 generation for the investigated traits were arranged into a number of categories by the OIV method. In both crossing combinations (direct and reciprocal) for most traits, the same mode of inheritance (partial dominance, dominance or heterosis) was determined. Differences in the mode of inheritance, depending on whether the parental varieties were used as a father or mother, were found only for ripening time (partial dominance and intermediate inheritance). The prevailing mode of inheritance established for most of studied traits, regardless of the crossing method, was negative heterosis. From all examined traits, a significant influence of maternal effect was determined for the inheritance of flowering time and ripening time. In both crossing combinations, statistically significant phenotypic correlations were found between some studied traits.

The objective of this study was to evaluate diversity and relationships among grapevine cultivars from the Serbian gene bank in Sremski Karlovci, and to identify the most useful variables for discrimination. A total of 54 grapevine cultivars have been studied. During the period 2000-2005, twelve quantitative and qualitative characteristics were evaluated using OIV categories to each trait. Characterization was done using multivariate statistical analyses: cluster and principal component analysis (PCA), Based on cluster analysis cultivars divided into three major groups and the clustering pattern was related to the classical eco-geographical grouping: occidentalis, pontica and orientalis. Beside geographic origin clustering position of cultivars throughout the dendrogram was related to main uses. The major part (70.1%) of the total variation presented was explained by four principal components. PC1 is highly correlated with the bunch and berry size and PC2 with the density of prostrate hairs of young shoot tip and the density of prostrate hairs between veins on the lower side of mature leaf. The overall arrangement of cultivars suggests considerable phenotypical (and presumably genetic) variability in studied germplasm collection. Furthermore, obtained results may be useful for further utilization of available genetic resources in gene bank managers, growing and breeding.

In thirty-three wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) accessions from Central Serbia, tree, leaf, fruit, and stone morphological characters were evaluated during three consecutive years. The goal was to detect relationships between the genotypes and to identify the most useful traits for discrimination among them. The study revealed a high variability in the set of the evaluated wild cherry accessions and considerable differences were found among them in all studied attributes. The majority of important correlations were determined among variables representing fruit and leaf size, and variables related to color. Cluster analysis distinguished wild cherry accessions into two distinct groups. In PCA, fruit and leaf traits such as leaf length and width, and fruit height, width, and weight, and skin flesh and juice color were predominant in the first two components, indicating that they were useful for the assessment of wild cherry germplasm characterization. These results indicate that these accessions must be conserved as valuable genetic resources to enrich the cherry gene pool and can be used for improving breeding efficiency of important horticultural traits worldwide.

Vineyard peach native population in our country represents important and rich source of genetic variability. Establishment of the genetic gain and differences concerning genetic variability are very important in selection of the genotypes with different usability. In according to the start up population and after selection of 25% intensity important properties such as fruit quality indexes were examined. Those were fruit weight, output, appearance, taste, aroma, soluble solid and total sugar content and titratable acidity. Besides variability components, coefficient of variation and heritability coefficient, expected and realized genetic gain was determined as well. In the start up population the lowest variability was established for output (CV=1.3%) and the highest for titratable acidity (CV=28.4%). For all analyzed characteristics, medium up to high values for heritability coefficient were determined in both start up population and selected genotypes. As a result of the selection in all properties came to genetic variance decreasing except in fruit appearance. Realized genetic gain was on the level or little lower that expected one for the majority of the properties., Prirodna populacija vinogradske breskve u našoj zemlji predstavlja značajan i bogat izvor genetičke varijabilnosti. Pri selekciji genotipova različite upotrebne vrednosti posebno je značajno da se utvrdi genetička dobit s jedne strane i promene u pogledu genetičke varijabilnosti s druge strane. U tom smislu u početnoj populaciji kao i nakon selekcije sa intenzitetom od 25% praćene su važnije osobine pokazatelji kvaliteta ploda. To su masa ploda, randman, izgled, ukus, aroma, sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija, ukupnih šećera i kiselina. Pored komponenti varijabilnosti, koeficijenata varijacije i heritablnosti utvrđena je i očekivana i ostvarena genetička dobit. U početnoj populaciji najmanje variranje ustanovljeno je za randman (CV=1,3%), a najveće za sadržaj ukupnih kiselina (CV=28,4%). Za sve analizirane osobine utvrđene su srednje do visoke vrednosti koeficijenata heritabilnosti i u početnoj populaciji i kod selekcionisanih genotipova. Kao rezultat selekcije kod svih osobina, osim izgleda ploda, nije došlo do smanjenja genetičke varijanse. Ostvarena genetička dobit je na nivou ili nešto manja od očekivane za većinu osobina.

The purpose of this paper was to characterize the clones obtained from Kreaca, autochthonous grapevine cultivar of Banat. Based on examination of 6 important biological and technological properties, phenotypic and genetic divergence of 28 selected clones was established. The divergence was determined using ANOVA and hierarchical cluster analysis. Using variance analysis, for grape weight, yield, total acid content, sugar content and sugar/acid ratio very significant or significant differences were obtained between clones. The UPGA method was used and the Euclidean distance in order to determine the difference between the groups. Two clone groups were obtained on the dendrogram. The objective of clone differentiation was primarily cluster weight, although other properties were taken into account as well. As the most perspective clones for further investigation and production, that can be recommended, were clones 12/5/5, 56/11/7 and 69/11/7., U periodu od 2006 do 2008. godine, u zasadima vinove loze 'Vršački vinogradi' u Gudurici, izvršene su sanitarna i masovna pozitivna selekcija sorte vinove loze Kreaca. Sa ukupne površine od 12 ha, na osnovu šest značajnih bioloških i tehnoloških karakteristika izdvojeno je 28 klonova. Primenom ELISA testa kod svih ispitivanih klonova nije utvrđeno prisustvo sledećih ekonomski značajnih virusa: Nepovirus Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), clostero virusa, Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1(GLRaV-1), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2(GLRaV-2) i Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3(GLRaV-3). Primenom ANOVA i hijerarhijske klaster analize određena je divergentnost klonova. Analizom varijanse ustanovljene su veoma značajne ili značajne razlike između klonova za masu grozda, prinos, sadržaj ukupnih kiselina, sadržaj šećera i odnos šećera i kiselina. Fenotipska divergentnost između klonova ustanovljena je primenom hijerarhijske klaster analize. Korišćen je UPGA metod, pri čemu je razlika između grupa izražena preko Euklideanovog rastojanja. Na dobijenom dendrogramu izdvojene su dve grupe srodnih klonova. Prvu grupu čine 11 a drugu 17 klonova. Kao najperspektivniji, za kolekcionisanje i dalje širenje u proizvodnji, mogu se preporučiti klonovi 12/5/5, 56/11/7 i 69/11/7.

Vitality of pollen, in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube growth (pollen tube length and pollen tube growth rate) were investigated in Oblacinska sour cherry in order to determine the differences between clones which have divergent yielding potential. For this purpose two 'Oblacinska' sour cherry clones with high fruit set and high yields (II/2, III/9) and two with low fruit set and low-yielding (XI/3 and XIII/1) were used in this study. Pollen germination was done on artificial medium containing 14% sucrose and 0.3% agar-agar at room temperature (23 degrees C). Pollen tube growth was stopped with a drop of 40% formaldehyde, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after contact with the medium. The maximum percentage of germination ranged from 13.01% (clone II/2, after 1 h) to 54.19% (clone III/9, after 24 h). Pollen tube length varied from 64.84 mu m (clone XIII/1, after 1 h) to gt 1,100 mu m (clones II/2 and III/9, after 24 h). Pollen growth rate was quite high (up to 1.71 mu m min(-1)) after 6 h of germination, but rather decreasing until 24 h of germination (0.56. 0.83 mu m min(-1)). The dynamics of in vitro pollen tubes growth among the clones were quite different, especially after 12 h and 24 h of germination. Clones that are singled out as fruitful (II/2 and III/9) gave much better results regarding pollen germination and pollen tube growth in comparison to clones which were characterized by low fruit set and yields (XI/3 and XIII/1).

Flowering is one of the most important factors in plant fertility. Fruit set in fruits is directly influenced by the beginning, sequence, flow, duration and abundance of flowering. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variability of flowering in 41 'Oblacinska' sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) clones, and to recommend early-flowering genotypes for growing in warmer locations where late spring frosts are rare, and some late-flowering clones for sites more susceptible for spring frost. Results from the three years period (2004-06), showed that 'Oblacinska' sour cherry clones flowered in a fixed sequence each year. Average for clone VII/2N, which flowered the earliest, was April 8 and petal fall took place by April 21, whereas clone III/1 bloomed last on April 14 and petal fall took place on April 25. Statistical analysis showed that almost all sub-phases of flowering were under the significant influence of both ecological and genetic factors. Besides, ecologic factors had the highest impact to the variability of beginning of flowering (79.8%), full bloom (76.8%), petal fall (80.2%) and duration of flowering (85.56%). Clones III/1, III/13, V/6 and V/2 were considered as late flowering, whereas clones VII/2N, VI/27, VI/28 and IX/P were early flowering, taking place five days earlier then previous group.

The correlation of dehydrogenase isoenzyme profile with plant/tree vigour of twenty genotypes belonging to the genus Prunus and the subgenus Cerasus as well as to four commercial rootstocks (Colt, Gisela 5, Gisela 6 and MaxMa 14) was investigated in this study. Principal component analysis was applied for the classification of the cherry rootstocks based on vigour traits and polymorphism of isoenzymes in order to determine the most useful dehydrogenase enzyme in the preselecting process of cherry rootstocks. The most influential variables which led to the separation of low vigorous genotypes from other genotypes were isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Since both significant and negative correlations were observed between tree vigour and malate dehydrogenase, as well as between tree vigour and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, those systems can be used for early selection of low vigour rootstocks. Our results suggest that the association between low vigour and malate dehydrogenase genotype ab provides a convenient marker that can be characterised even at the seedling stage, and could be applied in early rootstock selection and breeding programmes., U radu je ispitivana korelacija između dehidrogenaznih izoenzimskih profila i bujnosti kod 20 genotipova roda Prunus, podroda Cerasus, kao i kod četiri komercijalne podloge: Colt, Gisela 5, Gisela 6 i MaxMa 14. Analiza glavnih komponenti je primenjena kako bi se ocenila potencijalna primena izoenzima za ranu selekciju slabo bujnih podloga za trešnju i višnju. Najveći uticaj na izdvajanje slabo bujnih genotipova imali su izoenzimski sistemi izocitrat dehidrogenaza, malat dehidrogenaza i fosfoglukonat dehidrogenaza. Značajna negativna korelacija utvrđena je između bujnosti i malat dehidrogenaze genotipa ab, kao i između bujnosti i fosfoglukonat dehidrogenaze, što ove sisteme čini potencijalnim markerima za ranu selekciju slabo bujnih podloga.

Seventy-five vineyard peach [Priam persica (LJ Batsch] accessions, obtained by seed propagation and originating from different regions of Serbia, were characterized using a set of 39 agro-morphological traits. The evaluation was carried out over a 3-year period in a vineyard peach collection situated at the Radmilovac Experimental Station, owned by the Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade University. To investigate diversity, descriptive statistics and multivariate analyses were used. Most studied traits showed high variability. The variability of descriptive traits was highly pronounced for fruit ground and flesh colour; regarding metric traits, the highest variation was recorded for trunk circumference, petal width, flower density, fruit set, fruit weight, sweetness index, fruit taste and fruit flavour. According to PCA, traits with high discriminating power were those related to flower type, colour and size, fruit size and presence of over colour, tree height, ripening time and fruit taste. The cluster analysis grouped accessions into three main clusters and a few sub-clusters. Agronomically important traits allowed a clear separation between the clusters, while morphological traits had almost no impact on this. This study provided information that is important for assessing the biodiversity of vineyard peach accessions, to develop guidelines useful for the description, classification and conservation of valuable local germplasm. Moreover, the phenotypic variability in the vineyard peach collection was found to be very high, suggesting there is extensive genetic diversity available for peach cultivar and rootstock breeding programs.

Suitability of 14 genotypes for generative rootstocks production was investigated in this paper. In examined genotypes number of germinated seeds, total number of seedlings, number of seedlings suitable for grafting and number of produced scions in relation to number of stratified seeds was determined. Seedlings from all vineyard peach genotypes were grafted with cv. Suncrest in order to examine vigour and Uniformity of scions. Considering total number of seeds, when rootstocks were genotypes I/6, II/1, XIX/23, XIX/28 and XIX/30, satisfied number of scions (over 40%) was obtained. Based on coefficient of variation, different degree of variability of investigated scion characteristics considering rootstocks were determined. Applied t-test showed that between all scion characteristics (height, diameter and brunch number) influenced by rootstocks, very significant differences are present.

The present paper examines variability of initial fruit set, final fruit set, number of flower buds/cm(2) limb cross-sectional area, number of flowers/cm(2) limb cross-sectional area, number of flowers per bud, fruit weight and yield in 10 selected sub-clones of 'Oblacinska' sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.). Correlation and path coefficient analysis indicated both direct and indirect effects of yield components on yield. Sub-clones of 'Oblacinska' sour cherry differed significantly in all characteristics studied. Genetic variance was found to be a dominant component of yield variability, whereas year had the greatest effect on variability of the majority of yield components, except for number of flower buds/cm(2) limb cross-sectional area. Correlation analysis showed that only fruit weight was correlated significantly with yield. However, apart from fruit weight, initial fruit set and the number of flowers per bud were isolated by path analysis as other important yield components.

Yield and fruit quality (fruit weight, reducing sugar content, sucrose content and total acids content) were studied in 20 introduced peach cultivars. To evaluate the stability of those characteristics in the agro-ecological conditions of Belgrade surroundings, bi and S2di were applied. 'Adriana' had the highest yield and content of reducing sugars, 'Aurelia' the highest fruit weight, 'Pegaso' the highest sucrose content, and 'Croce del Sud' the highest total acids content. Values of bi coefficient indicated that 'Sirio' had the highest stability of yield 'Iris Rosso' the highest stability of fruit weight and content of reducing sugars, 'Aurelia' the highest stability of sucrose content, and 'Emilia' the highest stability of total acids content. Values of S2di, despite being relatively high, did not show any statistical significance, which indicates a more significant deviation from regression and unsatisfactory stability of the studied genotypes. The results of the present work confirm that bi, being a stability parameter, is more important than S2di in heterozygous genotypes, the genotype of a majority of fruit cultivars, therefore of peach itself.

The following components have been detected as the elements of a genetic analysis of the yield and the chemical composition of the fruit (its total content of dry matter, soluble solids, total sugars, sucrose, reducing sugars and total acids): components of variability, variation coefficients, heritability coefficients in a wider sense of this term. Apart from the indicators listed here, a calculation has been made for the genetic and phonotypic correlations between the analyzed features. The interaction expressed by a formula: genotype (cultivar) x year had caused, in majority of cases, a variability in the total content of dry matter (S²gy = 48%), as well as in the content of soluble solids (S²gy = 72%), total sugars content (S²gy = 33%), reducing sugars content (S²gy = 45%) and contents of total acids (S²gy = 67%). The genetic difference between the peach cultivars and the hybrids were reflected in the variability of sucrose content (S²g = 58%), whereas the difference in the years when it was tested, caused the variability in the yield (S²y = 69%). A relatively high value of the heritability coefficient (83.7%) was recorded only in the total dry matter content, while for the other qualities relating to the chemical composition of the fruit and for yield, the heritability coefficient was ranged between the low and medium (21.0-63.5). The coefficients of genetic correlation between the yield on one side and the sucrose contents (rg = 0.831**), soluble solids contents (rg = 0.632*), total sugars content (rg = 0.578*) and organic acids contents (rg = -0.627*) on the other side, were significant. At the same time, the coefficients of the phenotypic correlation between the yield and the listed chemical characteristics of the fruit did not show any statistically significant values, which indicates that it is possible to perform parallel breeding, both for the yield and the quality of the fruit., Kao elementi genetičke analize prinosa i kvaliteta ploda utvrđene su komponente varijabilnosti, koeficijenti varijacije i koeficijenti heritabilnosti u širem smislu. Pored navedenih pokazatelja izračunati su i koeficijenti genetičkih i fenotipskih korelacija između analiziranih osobina. Interakcija genotip (sorta) x godina u najvećem procentu uslovila je varijabilnost sadržaja ukupnih suvih materija (S2gy = 48%), sadržaja rastvorljivih suvih materija (S2gy = 72%), sadržaja ukupnih šećera (S2gy = 33%), sadržaja redukujućih šećera (S2gy = 45%) i sadržaja ukupnih kiselina (S2gy = 67%), genetičke razlike između sorti i hibrida breskve varijabilnost sadržaja saharoze (S2g = 58%), a razlike u godinama ispitivanja varijabilnosti prinosa (S2y = 69%). Relativno visoka vrednost koeficijenata heritabilnosti (83,7%) ustanovljena je samo za sadržaj ukupnih suvih materija, dok je za ostale osobine koje se odnose na hemijski sastav ploda i za prinos vrednost koeficijenata heritabilnosti bila slaba do srednja (21,0-63,5). Koeficijenti genetičke korelacije između prinosa s jedne strane i sadržaja saharoze (rg = 0,831**), sadržaja rastvorljivih suvih materija (rg = 0,632*), sadržaja ukupnih šećera (rg = 0,578*) i sadržaja organskih kiselina (rg = -0,627*) s druge strane su bili značajni, dok koeficijenti fenotipske korelacije između prinosa i navedenih hemijskih osobina ploda nisu pokazali statističku značajnost. To ukazuje da je moguće istovremeno vršiti selekciju i na prinos i na kvalitet ploda.

In 14 vineyard peach types, selected form collection orchard of the School Agricultural Holding "Radmilovac", of the Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade, some properties of parent trees and its seedlings were observed with the aim of their recommendation for the generative rootstock production. Fruits of investigated types ripened from August 25 till September 10. The lowest, i.e. highest stone weight was recorded in the type n/1 (4.47 g), i.e. the type XDC/21 (7.74 g), respectively. Vineyard peach types also differed in their vigor. High germination (over 75%) was detected in seeds of 10 types, while good vitality (over 50%) was recorded in seedlings of eight vineyard peach types. Differences between vigor and the level of property uniformity were established in seedlings populations. Based on seed germination and seedlings vitality, considering vigor and uniformity of seedlings, types 1/6, n/1, XLX/23, XIX/28 and XIX/30 can be recommended for the generative rootstock production., Kod 14 tipova vinogradske breskve selekcionisanih iz kolekcionog zasada na oglednom školskom dobru Poljoprivrednog fakulteta "Radmilovac" u Beogradu proučavane su važnije osobine matičnih stabala i njihovih sejanaca, kako bi neki od njih mogli da se preporuče za proizvodnju generativnih podloga. Plodovi proučavanih tipova sazrevali su u periodu od 25. avgusta do 10. septembra. Najmanju masu koštice imao je tip W\ (4,47 g), a najveću tip XIX/21 (7,74 g). Tipovi vinogradske breskve su se razlikovali i po bujnosti. Dobru klijavost (preko 75%) imalo je seme 10 tipova, a dobru vitalnost (preko 50%) sejanci 8 tipova vinogradske breskve. Ustanovljene su i razlike u bujnosti kao i u stepenu ujednačenosti osobina u populacijama sejanaca. Na osnovu klijavosti semena i vitalnosti sejanaca, ali uzimajući u obzir i bujnost i ujednačenost sejanaca za dobijanje generativnih podloga mogu se preporučiti tipovi sa oznakama 1/6, II/l, XDC/23, XIX/28 i XIX/30.