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Drains for surgical wound management are frequently used in spine surgery. They are often used to decrease the incidence of postoperative hematoma and decrease wound tension. No conclusive evidence in the literature supports using drains to avoid complications in degenerative lumbar spine surgery.We aimed to evaluate wound drains in patients with lumbar arthrodesis for degenerative disorders based on clinical outcomes, complications, hematocrit, and length of stay.A multicenter randomized prospective controlled clinical trial.We enrolled surgical candidates for posterior lumbar decompression and fusion surgery for degenerative disorders from October 2019 to August 2021. Patients were randomized into the drain or nondrain group at nine hospitals. The inclusion criteria were as follows: patients aged 40 to 80 years with lumbar and radicular pain, lumbar degenerative disorder, and primary surgery up to three levels. The exclusion criteria were bleeding abnormalities, bleeding2,500 mL and dural tears.Preoperative data including Oswestry disability index (ODI), SF-36, lumbar and lower extremity visual analog scale (VAS), body mass index (BMI), hematocrit, and temperature were recorded. Surgical parameters, including surgical time, complications, estimated blood loss (EBL), postoperative temperature and hematocrit (days 1 and 4), dressing saturation, and length of hospital stay (LOS), were registered.The two groups were assessed preoperatively, perioperatively and at the 1-month follow-up. A REDCap database was used for registration. Data analysis was performed using classical statistics.One hundred one patients were enrolled using the Redcap database, and 93 patients were evaluated at the final follow-up. Forty-five patients were randomized to the drain group, and 48 were randomized to the nondrain group. The preoperative characteristics were equivalent in both groups: demographic aspects, pain, ODI, SF-36, BMI, hematocrit, and spine pathology. Surgical time, EBL and complications were similar, with no difference between the groups. No difference was found between BMI and complications. No difference was observed in dressing saturation or postoperative temperature between the groups. The postoperative day 4 hematocrit was higher in the nondrain group [36.4% (32-39)] than in the drain group [34% (29.7-37.6)] without statistically differences (p=.054). The LOS was higher in the drain group [4 (3-5) days] than in the nondrain group [3 (2-4) days] (p=.007). The quality-of-life score, SF-36, was higher in the nondrain group [67.9 (53.6-79.2)] than in the drain group [56.7 (49.1-66)] (p=.043).Nondrain patients presented shorter LOS and better outcomes, with similar complication rates. No difference was found between BMI and complications. Based on this study, in patients undergoing primary posterior spinal decompression and fusion up to three levels for degenerative lumbar disorders, we do not recommend the use of postoperative drains.

La Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE) implementó en el año 2017 un Plan Estratégico de Emprendedorismo a tres años denominado “Generación de Cultura Emprendedora en la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste con impacto en el Medio”, el cual fue aprobado y financiado por la Secretaría de Políticas Universitarias del Ministerio de Educación y Deportes de la República Argentina, mediante Resolución N° 2017-3307, El presente trabajo, se realizó con el objetivo de mostrar la motivación que impulsó a todo el equipo que trabaja dentro de la UNNE en el desarrollo de competencias emprendedoras a diseñar un Plan Estratégico a tres años, la experiencia de la implementación y los resultados obtenidos. De esta manera, se pretende aportar a la práctica emprendedora y a la discusión e investigación de nuevos caminos a seguir para promover la cultura emprendedora en las universidades y su región de pertenencia. El camino recorrido, ha implicado un continuo transitar por lecciones aprendidas, las actividades actuales son producto de aciertos y errores vividos, y de la evaluación y ajuste permanente de las diferentes propuestas desarrolladas.

The aim of this study was to determine the preoperative characteristics influencing hypotensive efficacy of the XEN45 gel stent in patients with open-angle glaucoma at one-year follow-up.This was a retrospective multicentre study. All patients who underwent XEN45 gel stent implantation between January 2017 and January 2021 were included. The main study outcome was the assessment of one-year postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma medication differences according to the number and type of preoperative topical treatments or glaucoma surgery, glaucoma stage and time since diagnosis. Follow-up period was 1-year post-surgery in all cases. IOP reduction and surgery success (not requiring reoperation or pressure failures [IOP 18 mmHg and 20% reduction in IOP]), safety and cost savings in topical glaucoma therapy after surgery were secondarily assessed. Linear regression analysis to determine the preoperative parameters influence on 1-year postoperative results was performed.XEN45 gel stent was implanted in 85 patients. One-year postoperative mean IOP dropped from 20.6 ± 4.1 to 13.7 ± 2.8 mmHg (p 0.0001). Likewise, mean number of topical treatments decreased from 2.05 ± 0.9 to 0.36 ± 0.65 (p 0.001). Both were mainly influenced by the number of preoperative glaucoma treatments, such that for each one-glaucoma medication increase, postoperative intraocular pressure increased by 1.18 mmHg (95% CI 0.56-1.79, p 0.0001) and number of glaucoma medications increased by 0.3 (95% CI 0.16-0.43, p 0.001). Overall success rates (with and without supplemental glaucoma medication use) were 97.6% (95% CI 94.5-100%), 87.1% (95% CI 80.2-87.1%) and 61.2% (95% CI 51.6-72.5%) at 3, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. No sight-threatening adverse events were reported. Mean annual cost savings on medical treatment since surgery reached EUR 251.19 ± 169. 93 euros.One year after surgery, XEN45 gel implant significantly reduced IOP and number of topical medications with an adequate safety profile being both mainly influenced by the number of preoperative glaucoma treatments.

The San Luis Potosí valley is an endorheic basin that contains three aquifers: a shallow unconfined aquifer of alluvial material and two deep aquifers, free and confined. The groundwater contamination documented for the shallow aquifer generates contamination of the deep unconfined type aquifer, from which part of the population’s drinking water needs are met. This study records incipient anthropogenic contamination of two types: biogenic and potentially toxic trace elements. The studied contaminants include fecal coliform bacteria, total coliform, nitrate, and potentially toxic elements such as: manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd). This contamination in some locations exceeds the permissible limit for human consumption. Some major consequences to health, including severe illness, may be caused by the trace elements. The present results give a first signal about the contamination of the deep unconfined type aquifer due to anthropogenic activity in the valley. This is a priority issue because this aquifer supplies drinking water, and in the short or medium term it will have an effect on public health.

The culture of Oreochromis spp., represents an economic base in different countries because the species shows various degrees of tolerance to physical-chemical factors and rapid growth. In this study, the effect of the inclusion of Lens culinaris in diets of tilapia fingerlings was evaluated. The fingerlings had similar weights and sizes 1.20 g ± 0.01 y 2.9 cm ± 0.01, respectively. The feed was rationed four times a day where the effect on growth was determined by different levels of substitutions (0, 80, 50 and 20 %) of lentil flour. The productive indexes analyzed were: growth rate, efficiency rate, condition factor and feed conversion. There where significant differences among diets with respect to weight, length and specific growth rate with the control being efficient with respect to the other treatments. According to this study, L. culinaris can be included up to 20% for the feeding of Oreochromis spp., fingerlings without affecting the productive parameters., El cultivo de Oreochromis spp., representa una base económica en diferentes países debido a que la especie muestra diversos grados de tolerancia a factores fisicoquímicos y un rápido crecimiento. En esta investigación se evaluó el efecto de la inclusión de Lens culinaris en dietas de alevines de tilapia. Los alevines tuvieron pesos y tallas similares de 1,20 g ± 0,01 y 2,9 cm ± 0,01, respectivamente. Los alimentos fueron racionados cuatro veces al día donde se determinó el efecto del crecimiento mediante diferentes niveles de sustituciones (0, 80, 50 y 20 %) de harina de lenteja. Los índices productivos analizados fueron: tasa de crecimiento, tasa de eficiencia, factor de condición y conversión alimenticia. Se observaron diferencias significativas entre las dietas en cuanto al peso, talla y tasa de crecimiento específico, siendo el control eficiente con respecto a los demás tratamientos. De acuerdo, a este estudio L. culinaris puede ser incluida hasta un 20 % para la alimentación en alevines de Oreochromis spp sin afectar los parámetros productivos.

The valley of San Luis Potosí is an endorheic basin formed by three aquifers: shallow hanging, alluvial material on a hardened horizon known as "tepetate", two deep, free and confined type. Population growth has led to gradual contamination of the surface aquifer. Recent studies documented anthropogenic, biogenic and heavy metal contamination. A recent phenomenon of settlement has affected houses and buildings in the urban area, extending to parts of the valley that are still used for agriculture, developing "faults" affecting the tepetate that supports the superficial aquifer, facilitating the infiltration of contaminated water into the aquifer. free type. This investigation reports detection of nitrogen (N-NO3), with a concentration of 15 mg/L (milligram liter) its maximum allowable limit is 10 mg/L. Twelve samples with fecal coliforms from 5 to 17 MPN/100 (the most probable number in one hundred milliliters of the sample). Thirteen samples showed total coliform concentrations, one sample reported a too high concentration of 150 NMP/100, compared to the rest with concentrations of 5 to 17 NMP/100, indicating less contamination. Some trace elements with concentrations in parts per million (ppm) that were also detected were manganese (Mn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg). Results that give the first sign of attention to the contamination of the deep free aquifer, derived from anthropic activity in the valley of San Luis Potosí.

Lithium is a fundamental raw material for the production of rechargeable batteries. The technology currently in use for lithium salts recovery from continental brines entails the evaporation of huge water...

In intertidal areas, the zonation is determined by factors such as sea-level and topography. For this reason, a mixed methodology for the characterization (topography, extension, and zonation) of maximum intertidal areas is presented, based upon multispectral satellite imagery, hydrodynamic modeling, and in situ measurements. The methodology is applied and validated in the inner Cadiz Bay (SW Spain) as a case study. Satellite-derived waterlines were vertically referenced by tide-gauge measurements of sea-level; the resulting partial topography of intertidal areas was integrated into available hydrographic/topographic data to elaborate a high-resolution (10 m) model grid from which hydrodynamic simulations were conducted. Model results for lowest and highest tidal level situations were used to characterize the maximum intertidal areas within the inner Cadiz Bay, as well as the lowest astronomical tidal surface (LAT). The obtained LAT, referenced with respect the chosen geoid and/or ellipsoid, was identified with the vertical reference surface for Hydrography (VRSH) in this environment, complementing and improving the official VRSH presently being developed for Spanish waters. Obtained results show errors of the order of 1 cm for sea-level amplitudes and1 min for the main tidal lags when comparing with tide-gauge data. Further applications of this exportable, relatively fast, low-cost, and accurate methodology are outlined.

The Compostela area is located in the western Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, which consists of volcanic rocks that produced during the Pliocene to Recent volcanism. In this paper, we present petrography, whole-rock major- and trace-element concentrations, Ar–Ar ages, and Sr–Nd isotopic data of volcanic rocks from the Compostela area in the south of the city of Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico. These volcanic rocks are of intermediate composition and belong to the transitional series: basaltic trachyandesites [52.72–53.94 wt% SiO2; 0.69–2.53 wt% MgO] and subalkaline series: low-Si [55.11–60.94 wt% SiO2; 0.79–2.74 wt% MgO] and high-Si [61.60–62.71 wt% SiO2; 0.36–0.80 wt% MgO] andesites. The 40Ar/39Ar dating of two basaltic trachyandesites yields plateau ages of 1.05 ± 0.15 Ma and 1.07 ± 0.17 Ma and the andesites yielded a plateau age of 2.42 ± 0.36 Ma. These results indicate that the studied rocks were formed during the Pleistocene in two discrete episodes. The basaltic trachyandesites show enriched light rare earth elements patterns relative to high rare earth elements [(La/Yb)N = 5.81–8.07] with negligible Eu anomalies. The andesites display enriched large-ion lithophile elements (Ba, K) with anomalies of Nb (Th/Ce) and Ti in the three groups identified in the subalkaline series. The basaltic trachyandesites appear in a tight cluster of initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.703519–0.703882) as compared to the basaltic andesite 87Sr/86Sr (0.704073) and positive ɛNd(t) values of +5.6 to +3.4, respectively, indicating that the basaltic trachyandesites were derived from intermediate magmas from a shallow mantle source. Geochemical modelling reveals that both basaltic trachyandesite and andesite rocks were derived by a process of crystal fractionation accompanied by assimilation of crustal rocks at the lower or middle level. Geochemical ratios and multidimensional discrimination diagrams, combined with the cross-section of the subduction zone indicates that basaltic trachyandesites were generated from a rift and/or Ocean Island Basalt-type source, whereas andesites were generated from a slab-derived source in a subduction environment.

PurposeDrawing from the knowledge-based view of the firm, this paper aims to explore the knowledge management practices that the acquirer uses to exploit its knowledge creating conditions for the exploitation of the target’s knowledge and to explore its knowledge by realizing routines for the integration of new knowledge within the target.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents an in-depth case study analysis based on the acquisition of a Dutch food service organization by an Italian company operating in the same sector.FindingsThe case study analysis reveals four mechanisms for knowledge integration, two aimed at exploiting the acquirer’s knowledge, and two aimed at exploring the acquirer’s knowledge.Originality/valueThis paper unveils that it is the interlinkage among organizational, human and technological factors, at multiple layers of the target, which allows the knowledge integration within the post-acquisition process.

The aim of this study is to determine the feeding habits and home range of fossil horses (Equus conversidens and E. mexicanus) from La Presita Blanca, San Luis Potosi, central Mexico. For this purp...