Search

Skin disorders have an important psychosocial impact on the life of the affected patient. Skin disorders are usually treated by using topical drug delivery systems like creams and gels. These conventional topical drug delivery systems display various adverse effects (burning, itching, inflammation, etc.) reducing the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. Therefore, pharmaceutical scientists are trying to develop new delivery vehicles to treat dermatological disorders. Polymeric microsponges have shown their potential to deliver various therapeutic agents effectively through the topical route in the last decade. Their physicochemical properties like size, high drug entrapment (%), and extended drug release make them superior to other microcarriers explored for topical delivery. This present review discloses about methods of preparation, characterization parameters, and the role of polymeric microsponges for the topical delivery of a variety of drugs. The literature investigation for this review was done by exploring search engines like Google Scholar and Pubmed. This review will be useful for the researchers involved in the work of the development of new delivery vehicles for the topical route. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of ethylcellulose-based polymeric microsponges for the topical delivery of therapeutic agents has attracted the interest of pharmaceutical scientists around the globe in recent years. This work represents preparation, optimization (using Box–Behnken design [BBD]), and characterization (in-vitro and ex-vivo) of ethylcellulose microsponges loaded with vanillin for effective topical delivery to treat wounds. Vanillin-ethylcellulose microsponges were prepared by using quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion and optimized formulation (F9) (containing 100 mg ethylcellulose, 10 mL dichloromethane, 100 mg vanillin, and 90 mg polyvinyl alcohol) developed showed particle size (90.3 ± 2.9 µm), high entrapment of vanillin (79.0 ± 2.8%), and optimum colloidal properties (zeta potential = −37.91 ± 2.44 mV; polydispersity index (PDI) = 0.224 ± 0.23). Optimized formulation extended the release of vanillin (96.68 ± 3.11%) in-vitro for 24 h. Vanillin-ethylcellulose microsponges (F9) dispersed in Carbopol 940 gel showed limited ex-vivo skin permeation (steady-state flux, JSS = 243.7 ± 6.2 µg/cm2/h) and higher skin retention (82.46 ± 6.74%) for 24 h in pig ear skin compared to plain vanillin Carbopol 940 gel (steady-state flux, JSS = 1350 ± 10.8 µg/cm2/h, skin retention = 33.66 ± 4.53%). Results of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of Vanillin-ethylcellulose microsponges (F9) Carbopol 940 gel revealed accumulation of microsponges in the stratum corneum layer of skin as a depot. Microsponges-based Carbopol 940 gel also displayed excellent in-vitro antibacterial activity (zone of inhibition = 24.2 ± 1.3 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus for 24 h compared to plain vanillin Carbopol 940 gel (zone of inhibition = 10.30 ± 1.2 mm) that was considered good for its wound healing activity. Therefore, developed vanillin-loaded ethylcellulose microsponges could be effectively used in the treatment of wounds by reducing side effects associated with vanillin and promoting its localized delivery in Carbopol 940 gel form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, phytoconstituents from Citrus limon are computationally tested against SARS‐CoV‐2 target protein such as Mpro ‐ (5R82.pdb), Spike ‐ (6YZ5.pdb) &RdRp ‐ (7BTF.pdb) for COVID‐19. Docking was done by glide model, QikProp was performed by in silico ADMET screening & Prime MM‐GB/SA modules were used to define binding energy. When compared with approved COVID‐19 drugs such as Remdesivir, Ritonavir, Lopinavir, and Hydroxychloroquine, plant‐based constituents such as Quercetin, Rutoside, Naringin, Eriocitrin, and Hesperidin. bind with significant G‐scores to the active SARS‐CoV‐2 place. The constituents Rutoside and Eriocitrin were studied in each MD simulation in 100 ns against 3 proteins 5R82.pdb, 6YZ5.pdb and 7BTF.pdb.We performed an assay with significant natural compounds from contacts and in silico results (Rutin, Eriocitrin, Naringin, Hesperidin) using 3CL protease assay kit (B.11529 Omicron variant). This kit contained 3CL inhibitor GC376 as Control. The IC50 value of the test compound was found to be Rutin −17.50 μM, Eriocitrin−37.91 μM, Naringin−39.58 μM, Hesperidine−140.20 μM, the standard inhibitory concentration of GC376 was 38.64 μM. The phytoconstituents showed important interactions with SARS‐CoV‐2 targets, and potential modifications could be beneficial for future development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When compared to the challenges associated with traditional dosage forms, medication delivery systems based on nanotechnology have been a huge boon. One such candidate for medication delivery is spanlastics, an elastic nanovesicle that can transport a diverse array of medicinal compounds. The use of spanlastics has been associated with an increase in interest in alternative administration methods. The non-ionic surfactant or surfactant blend is the main component of spanlastics. The purpose of this review was primarily to examine the potential of spanlastics as a delivery system for a variety of medication classes administered via diverse routes. Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Pubmed were utilized to search the academic literature for this review. Several studies have demonstrated that spanlastics greatly improve therapeutic effectiveness, increase medication absorption, and decrease drug toxicity. This paper provides a summary of the composition and structure of spanlastics along with their utility in the delivery of various therapeutic agents by adopting different routes. Additionally, it provides an overview of the numerous disorders that may be treated using drugs that are contained in spanlastic vesicles., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)