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LiCoO has excellent volumetric energy density as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. However, its structural stability is poor under high voltage conditions, which leads to the performance degradation of LiCoOv. Rare earth element doping is an effective means to improve the performance of LiCoO, but the doping modification mechanism needs to be further clarified at the atomic and electronic scale levels. Tn this paper, the mechanism of the effect of Ce doping on the electronic structure and Li+ migration properties of LiCoOv is investigated using a first-principle calculation method. The results show that Ce doping significantly enlarges the cell volume, reduces the charge density within the cell, decreases the strength of interactions, and makes the cell more stable. LiCoO changes from semiconductor properties to metallic properties after Ce doping, which increases the carrier density and improves the electrical conductivity of the material. After Ce doping, the migration barrier of Li+ is reduced by 93.12% compared to pure. This is mainly due to the increased thickness of the Li layer caused by Ce doping, which makes it easier for lithium ion migration to occurm, thus enhancing the power density and cycle life of the battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the rare earth element Ce was incorporated into the A-site of Sr0.4Ba0.6Nb2O6 ferroelectric ceramics, which was prepared using the conventional solid state reaction method and sintered under different procedures. A comprehensive investigation was conducted to assess the impact of Ce doping and varying sintering procedures on both the relaxor characteristics and electrical properties of the ceramics. When sintered at 1300 °C for 4 h, the grains exhibited an isometric shape. However, when the sintering temperature increases and the holding time prolongs, the grain size increases and presents columnar crystal. The change tendency of dielectric constant is similar with that of the grain size, and the dielectric peak value of samples sintered at 1300 °C for 4 h is the lowest. But the sintering procedure has almost no influence on the Curie point, which notably decreases as the Ce content rises and is primarily governed by the composition. The diffuseness fitting results and the deviation from the Curie–Weiss law indicate that relaxor characteristics increase with the Ce content increasing. The polarization electric (P-E) loops become slimmer with increasing Ce content, verifying the relaxor behavior variation of samples. As a result, the Pmax and Pr values decrease and the Pmax − Pr value increases with increasing Ce content. Notably, the energy storage density and efficiency enhance obviously with higher Ce content, which is attributed to the relaxor behavior. Furthermore, at a Ce content of 4 mol%, the P-E loops and energy storage performance exhibit remarkable frequency and fatigue stability. Therefore, this study offers valuable insights into the investigation of relaxor behavior and the influence of rare earth elements on the properties of tungsten bronze-structured ferroelectrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electronic structures and optical properties of intrinsic GaSb and GaSb doped with rare earth elements Sc and Tm were studied by first principle calculation method based on the density functional theory (DFT). The calculation results show that the Sc and Tm doped GaSb materials are direct band gap P-type semiconductors. The Sc-doped GaSb material induces a shallow energy level defect state in the conduction band and the band gap becomes narrower. Tm doping induces deep energy level defect states in the conduction band and the band gap becomes wider. Sc and Tm doping reduces the energy loss and enhances the absorption of GaSb photons in the mid-infrared band. Among them, the Sc doping is more effective, where there is an absorption peak at 4.3 μm (0.28 eV) with the peak value of 1.7 × 10~5 cm-1, and the light absorption coefficient still reaches 1 × 10~5 cm-1 until the wavelength is 6.8 μm (0.18 eV). The results provide a theoretical reference for expanding the application of GaSb-based semiconductor materials in infrared detectors and infrared semiconductor lasers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports the successful preparation of rare-earth Eu-doped ZnO composite films on cotton fabric, achieving remarkable luminescent properties through the magnetron sputtering method. A comprehensive analysis of the structural and luminescent characteristics of the samples was conducted using various evaluation techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, photocatalysis testing and color fastness measurements. The findings indicate that the affiliation of Eu3+ ions significantly enhanced the luminescent intensity along with the photocatalytic property of the ZnO-loaded fabrics. Furthermore, the sample sputtered for a duration of 1 hour exhibited superior overall optical performance than that of 3 hours. This study demonstrates the potential of Eu-doped ZnO composite films for various applications, including luminescent and photocatalytic textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of high-efficiency gas turbine engines and increasing inlet temperatures, the performance of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) for hot-section components has been more severely challenged. The doping of multi-element rare earth elements significantly improves the thermodynamic properties and chemical compatibility of thermal barrier coatings so that the application performance of coatings in high-temperature environments is enhanced considerably. In this work, the doped coatings prepared by REYSZ (RE = La, Sm, Nd) were investigated and characterized in terms of crystal structure, elastic properties, and thermal–mechanical properties based on the first-principles approach, combined with various empirical and semi-empirical formulations, and a predictive model for resistance to CMAS corrosion based on machine learning approaches. The results showed that the tetragonal phase REYSZ material was mechanically stable, had a large strain damage tolerance, and was not easy to fracture under applied loads and thermal shocks. In terms of CMAS corrosion resistance, the NdYSZ interfacial model had a lower surface energy (3.130 J/m2) and Griffith fracture energy (6.934 J/m2) compared with the conventional YSZ model, and Nd2O3 had the potential to improve the CMAS corrosion resistance of zirconia-based material for thermal barrier coatings. By evaluating the machine learning prediction models, the regression coefficients of the two algorithms were 0.9627 and 0.9740, and both these two prediction models showed high prediction accuracy and strong robustness. Ultimately, this work presented a novel mechanism–data hybrid method, which would facilitate the efficient development of TBC new materials for anti-CMAS corrosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1540 nm lasers are widely used for excellent anti-interference capability and atmospheric transmission, whose corresponding suppressing materials are still lack of investigation Er3+ ions can effectively absorb 1540 nm lasers due to energy level transitions near this wavelength. And the absorption effect could be further enhanced by doping with heterogeneous metal ions. Herein, Co2+ has been doped into ErBO 3 with different concentrations, which could induce lattice contraction of Er3+ ion cells. The ErBO 3 samples prepared by solvothermal and calcination processes are characterized by "flower-like" porous microspheres at 800 °C. The influence of different calcination temperatures and molar ratios of raw materials on the reflection performance of 1540 nm laser light was examined. The laser reflectance of the sample was reduced to 0.707 % by doping with 20 mol% Co2+. This Co2+ doped ErBO 3 material exhibits significant potential in 1540 nm laser protection applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sc3+ ions doped NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+ upconversion (UC) nanoparticles are synthesized by thermal decomposition method. We successfully obtained the upconversion luminescence (UCL) nanoparticles from green emission to red emission through doping Sc3+ ions with different concentrations. Based on the XRD, the phase change process of Sc3+ ions doped NaYF4 nanocrystalline phase were demonstrated. More importantly, through the analysis of UC spectrum data, the change in the phase of the NaY/ScF4: Yb3+, Er3+ nanocrystalline corresponds to the change in its luminous properties. It determines that the change of crystal field will lead to the change of luminescence, and then modulate the luminescence. NaScF4: Yb3+, Er3+ UC nanoparticles exhibit strong red light emission. In addition, the temperature-sensitive properties of the optimal doping concentration of Sc3+ ion were tested. The sensitivity of NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+ nanoparticles doped with Sc3+ ion reached the maximum value of 0.024 K− 1 at 498 K. The nanocrystalline has great application value in the fields of optical temperature measurement, biomedicine, bioprobes and colorful display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The realization of stable single‐component white light emission in metal halide perovskites is still challenging due to the fast halide ion migration and narrow luminescence bands. In this work, all‐inorganic single CsPbClxBr3−x perovskite microplates with stable red‐blue‐green triple color light emission are prepared by introducing europium ions Eu3+ as dopants. Eu doping effectively suppresses ion migration and enables two spatially separated halide phases with stable dual‐wavelength emissions. Furthermore, the incorporation of Eu3+ compensates for the absence of red‐light emission, thereby yielding a superior white emission with exceptional quality. The color rendering index of triple‐color‐emitting perovskites can be tuned successfully by controlling the halogen ratios, and the optimal microplate achieved a Commissions Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.32, 0.32). The results present a new enlightenment for the preparation of low‐cost single‐component white light materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid capacity fading and structural collapse, along with other deep‐rooted challenges in the high‐voltage region, are insufficient to meet the requirements for commercial applications of O3‐type layered cathodes. Hereby, rare earth metal (RE) within the IIIB group are utilized as the robust dopants for O3‐NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 (NFM) to achieve the purpose of reconstructing the crystal lattice and regulating the interlayer structure. The inactive RE3+ acts as a pillar, reinforces the TMO6 octahedron, and broadens the Na+ diffusion layer in the configuration of O‐Na‐O‐TM (RE)‐O‐Na‐O, giving rise to the enhanced crystal stability and accelerating the transmission of sodium ions. More impressively, the scandium incorporation is working as a "vitamin" that improves Ni/Fe redox reversibility, alleviating the irreversible P3‐O3'‐P3' phase transformation and further restraining the disordered Fe migration into the neighboring Na layer, which is firmly validated by in situ X‐ray diffraction coupled with the synchrotron X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. Consequently, the as‐designed NFM‐Sc exhibits impressive rate capability (82.5 mAh g−1 at 10 C) and excellent cycle stability with 80.2% capacity retention after 500 cycles at the high voltage of 4.2 V. Given this, the elaborate work may shed new insight into the operational mechanism of rare metal through strategically regulating the structure for sodium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, original titanium dioxide (TiO2) and cerium (Ce)-doped TiO2 nanorod array photoanodes are prepared by hydrothermal method combined with high-temperature annealing, and their morphology, photoelectrochemical properties, and photocatalytic hydrogen production ability are systematically evaluated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that as the Ce content increases, the diffraction peak of the rutile phase (110) shifts towards lower angles, indicating the successful doping of different contents of Ce into the TiO2 lattice. Photoelectric performance test results show that Ce doping significantly improves the photocurrent density of TiO2, especially for the 0.54wt% Ce-doped TiO2 (denoted as CR5). The photocurrent density of CR5 reaches 1.98 mA/cm2 at a bias voltage of 1.23 V (relative to RHE), which is 2.6 times that of undoped TiO2 (denoted as R). Photoelectrochemical hydrolysis test results show that the hydrogen yield performance under full-spectrum testing conditions of Ce-doped TiO2 photoanodes is better than that of original TiO2 as well, which are 37.03 and 12.64 µmol·cm−2·h−1 for CR5 and R, respectively. These results indicate that Ce doping can effectively promote charge separation and improve hydrogen production efficiency by reducing resistance, accelerating charge transfer, and introducing new electronic energy levels. Our findings provide a new strategy for designing efficient photocatalysts with enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co0.50Mn0.50CexFe2−xO4(with x = 0.000, 0.025, 0.050 and 0.100) nanoparticles were synthesised through sol–gel method. The crystallite size and lattice constant are increased from 30 to 50 nm and 8.375 to 8.384 Å, respectively, with increasing Ce content. It was found that Fe3+ cations migrate towards octahedral sites with Ce doping. The optical band gap was decreased from 1.79 to 1.50 eV whereas saturation magnetisation was decreased from 57 to 49 emu/g with increase in Ce substitution. Maximum dielectric constant and minimum dielectric loss, maximum AC conductivity along with moderate magnetic properties were observed for x = 0.050. So, x = 0.050 may be a potential candidate for electromagnetic interference shielding applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research focuses on the synthesis of nickel spinel ferrite nanoparticles doped with rare earth elements via green synthesis-assisted sol-gel auto combustion method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field electron scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectra were carried to examine the development of phase, morphology, and crystal structure. Structural parameters, cation distribution, and lattice strain were determined through Rietveld analysis and Williamson-Hall (W-H) plots. The lattice constant shows an increasing trend with increase in Tb3+ ion concentration. Using the G-Fourier technique, the electron density mapping of Nickel nano-ferrites replaced with rare earth (Tb) elements was computed. Saturation magnetization and magnetic hysteresis loss was found to decrease with Tb3+ addition. The insignificant hysteresis curve with small coercivity value and retentivity seen demonstrates the soft behavior. The room temperature resistivity values increase with the addition of terbium. The observed dielectric dispersion with frequency is explained by the Maxwell–Wagner two-layer model and the electron hopping mechanism, which are responsible for conduction and polarization. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss decrease with the addition of Tb3+, which can be attributed to a reduction in the hopping rate due to the substitution of Fe3+ ions by Tb3+ ions at the octahedral sites. The dielectric behavior of the NiTb0.1Fe1.9O4 composition exhibits a maximum dielectric constant value with a minimal loss tangent. The Cole-Cole plot highlights the role of grains and grain boundaries in the bulk material. Through impedance studies, the resistance and capacitance of both the grains and grain boundaries have been determined. The increased resistivity and reduced dielectric loss attained in Tb doped ferrite is promising as it is desirable for high frequency applications. Highlights: Synthesis of Tb doped nickel spinel ferrite nanoparticles via green synthesis-assisted sol-gel auto combustion method. The manifestation of paramagnetic behavior of Tb3+ ions at room temperature was corroborated from the magnetic study. The detailed dielectric dispersion is explained by the Maxwell–Wagner two-layer model and the electron hopping mechanism. The dielectric dispersion is responsible for conduction and polarization. The Cole-Cole plot highlights the role of grains and grain boundaries. The increased resistivity and reduced dielectric loss makes the material desirable for high frequency applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerate is regarded as a promising material for the next-generation of thermal barrier coating due to its high coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and low thermal conductivity. However, its thermal contraction within the temperature range of 473-673 K poses a significant challenge to its widespread application. The aim of this work is to improve the thermal contraction by regulating the configurational entropy of cerate ceramics. Six kinds of rare earth doped cerate ceramics with different configurational entropy were prepared. The results indicated that the phases of the as-prepared ceramics are all fluorite structures. With the increase of configurational entropy, the problem of thermal contraction is improved continuously. More importantly, the as-prepared (La 1/8 Sm 1/8 Yb 1/8 Y 1/8 Er 1/8 Eu 1/8 Nd 1/8 Gd 1/8) 2 Ce 2 O 7 (8RC) high entropy cerate ceramic demonstrates a near elimination of thermal contraction in the 473-673 K temperature range, and accompanied by high CTE, low thermal conductivity and good thermal stability, suggesting its potential application in the field of thermal barrier coating material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Chiral hybrid organic‐inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are widely investigated due to their superior chiroptical and chiral spintronic properties. Research on the enhancement of chiroptical performance is highly important for the real application of chiral HOIPs. This work employed a rare earth doping strategy to increase the magnetic transition dipole moment of chiral 2D HOIPs R‐/S‐NPB (NPB = 1‐(1‐naphthyl) ethylammonium lead bromide). Doping with Eu3+ does not change the original layered NPB microstructure, and R‐/S‐NPB‐Eu exhibited the magnetic dipole‐allowed transition luminescence of Eu3+ at 594 nm (5D0→7F1). Circular polarized luminescence (CPL) spectra combined with theoretical calculations and transient photoluminescence measurements indicated that the introduction of Eu3+ can enhance the magnetic transition dipole moment of R‐/S‐NPB, thus resulting in an unprecedented glum of 0.05. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest value for chiral perovskite films. This work combines the unique and superior optoelectronic properties of rare‐earth ions with chiral perovskite and develops an efficient strategy to increase its anisotropy factor, which can accelerate the development of chiral optoelectronics and spintronics towards real application.

Partially stabilized zirconia （7YSZ） with a mass fraction of 7±1% yttrium oxide is a widely used ceramic material for thermal barrier coatings. However， its phase stability， sintering resistance， and mechanical properties decreased during the long-time operation above 1200 ℃. A new type of Sc2O3-Y2O3 co-doped ZrO2 thermal barrier coating ceramic material was proposed ， and a molar fraction of 7.5%Sc2O3-x%Y2O3-（92.5-x）%ZrO2（x=0，0.1，0.2，0.3） ceramics were prepared by solid-state reaction method. The effects of Y2O3 doping on the microstructural， phase evolution， and mechanical properties（including Vickers hardness， fracture toughness， elastic modulus and three-point bending strength）were explored by XRD， SEM， and other testing methods. The results show that the relative density of Sc2O3-Y2O3 doped ZrO2 ceramics sintered at 1450 °C for 3.5 h is more than 97%， and the phase structure is composed of tetragonal phase. Compared with 6-8YSZ ceramics， Sc2O3-Y2O3 doped ZrO2 ceramics exhibit similar Vickers hardness （13-14 GPa）， fracture toughness （6.5-7.0 MPa·m1/2）， elastic modulus （211-214 GPa）and three-point bending strength（520-850 MPa）. Fracture mechanism shows a mixture of transgranular and intergranular fracture modes， in which transgranular fracture is dominant.This ceramic can be explored as a potential thermal barrier coating material for high-temperature applications.

Gd2Zr2O7 is one of the most promising new generation of ceramic materials for high temperature thermal barrier coatings. However, it still has great potential of improving thermal and mechanical properties and contributing tobetter thermal cycling performance of the coating. Doping rare earth elements in Gd2Zr2O7 is an effective method to enhance its thermal and mechanical properties. In this paper, the first principles is used to calculate the thermophysical properties of doped Gd2Zr2O7 with 16 rare earth elements, including modulus of elasticity, Debye temperature, minimum high-temperature thermal conductivity, high temperature thermal expansion coefficient, and fracture toughness, by which all doped Gd2Zr2O7 ceramics were ranked using the entropy method. The results show that doping with Pr, Sm, Yb, and Nd showed superior comprehensive performance. Specially, (Gd0.875Pr0.125)2Zr2O7 has the lowest Young's modulus of 244 MPa, Pugh ratio of 0.53, Debye temperature of 523.4 K, thermal conductivity of 1.27 W/(m·K), and the largest coefficient of thermal expansion of 9.19 × 10−6 K−1, and (Gd0.875Ho0.125)2Zr2O7 has the highest fracture toughness of 2.21 MPa·m1/2.

The accumulation of heavy metal ions in the human body sharply affects health, drawing global attention. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop environmentally-friendly and non-toxic metal ion fluorescent sensing probes. Herein, two fluorescent probes based on Cs–Bi–Cl perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) with distinct structures, namely Cs 3 BiCl 6 :Eu3+ (3-1-6-E) and Cs 3 Bi 2 Cl 9 :Eu3+ (3-2-9-E), were successfully synthesized by using the ligand-assisted re-precipitation (LARP) method for detecting Cu2+ and Fe3+ ions in ethanol. Both PeQDs exhibit polychromatic emission, including feature emission around 505 nm and distinctive emission from Eu3+ ions in the long-wavelength region, making them suitable for ratiometric fluorescent probes. Significantly, both probes displayed excellent linear relationship with correlation coefficients of 0.998 (3-1-6-E) and 0.985 (3-2-9-E), respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) reached 6.23 μM (3-1-6-E) and 4.55 μM (3-2-9-E). Notably, the 3-2-9-E quantum dots (QDs) successfully detected Fe3+ ions in ethanol, owing to their unique photo-quenching and photo-recovery phenomena. The detection results exhibited excellent linear fitting, with a correlation coefficient of 0.996 and a low LOD of 3.6 μM. Furthermore, compared to undoped PeQDs, Eu3+ ion-doped PeQDs demonstrate strongly enhanced luminescence intensity and excellent photo-stability. This work expands the potential applications of lead-free PeQDs while simultaneously improving their luminescent properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Materials Engineering / Cailiao Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Materials Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As a highly promising thermoelectric material in the mid‐temperature region, pristine GeTe shows deteriorated thermoelectric properties due to the low Seebeck coefficient and the intrinsic high thermal conductivity. Herein, it is discovered that the introduction of strongly correlated d, f electrons by alloying rare‐earth atoms at Ge sites will increase the band effective mass and promote band convergency, which can largely improve the electric transport property. Moreover, the heavy atoms (Pb, Bi) doping induces optical phonon softening and the avoided crossing between acoustic and optical phonon branches, decelerating both optical and acoustic phonon velocities. The modulated composition wave from the fluctuated multi‐component distribution introduces a complicated hierarchical structure including point defects and nanoprecipitates, which provides all‐scale scattering sources for heat‐carrying phonons and results in low lattice thermal conductivity. Consequently, a high zT of 2.4 at 800 K can be obtained in the Ge0.86Pb0.09Bi0.03Ce0.005Te sample due to the combination of strong correlation for d, f electrons and the full‐spectrum scattering for phonons. This work provides an effective strategy to increase the thermoelectric performance of IV–VI compounds by combining the modulated band structure and the softening phonon dispersion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the years, metal oxides have been leveraged to create several intriguing novel antibacterial active materials such that while finding the ways and means to increase efficiency, rare earth elements are found to have often served as potential optical dopants such that an optimistic en route to achieve the same, branched Sm‐doped CuO nano‐lanceolates were synthesized employing a wet chemical approach. The samples were then annealed at three distinct temperatures, which were fixed to 300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C. The nano‐lanceolates have crystallized in the monoclinic phase, according to the XRD analysis. The SEM image of Sm‐doped CuO captured at a magnification of 2 μm reveals a branched morphology, with multiple nano‐lanceolates stacked in a stem. TEM image reveals that the width of a typical nano‐lanceolate attached to a stem and its tip are found to be 87 nm and 212 nm, respectively and the obtained EDS data validate that elements including Cu, Sm, and O are present in the doped sample. The UV‐visible spectra of the annealed samples indicate that the sample annealed at 300 °C (1.43 eV) has a larger band gap than the other samples. The sample that was annealed at 400 °C has endured defect emissions that are more intense than those of other samples, according to the obtained PL spectra. In addition to these fascinating findings, the samples annealed at 300 °C, 400 °C and 500 °C exhibit a zone of inhibition of 23 mm & 24 mm, 11 mm & 12 mm and 12 mm & 11 mm, respectively for the two tested bacterial strains which authenticate that the 300 °C annealed Sm‐doped CuO nano‐lanceolate deactivates the two pathogenic bacteria more effectively compared to the other samples. As a consequence, the Sm‐doped CuO nano‐lanceolates at 300 °C could potentially be an effective alternative for antibacterial materials, particularly in biomedical applications [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a study on the green synthesis of undoped and Er-doped ZnO compounds using Mangifera indica gum (MI). A set of tests were conducted to assess the structure of the material. The tests included X-ray diffraction, Raman, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Optical properties were studied using diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence. Morphological and textural investigations were done using SEM images and N2 adsorption/desorption. Furthermore, photocatalytic tests were performed with methylene blue (MB), yellow eosin (EY), and the pharmaceutical drug ibuprofen (IBU) under UV irradiation. The study demonstrated that replacing the stabilizing agent with Mangifera indica gum is an effective method for obtaining ZnO nanoparticles. Additionally, the energy gap of the nanoparticles exhibits a slight reduction in value. Photoluminescence studies showed the presence of zinc vacancies and other defects in both samples. In the photocatalytic test, the sample containing Er3+ exhibited a degradation of 99.7% for methylene blue, 81.2% for yellow eosin, and 52.3% for ibuprofen over 120 min. In the presence of methyl alcohol, the degradation of MB and EY dyes is 16.7% and 55.7%, respectively. This suggests that hydroxyl radicals are responsible for the direct degradation of both dyes. In addition, after the second reuse, the degradation rate for MB was 94.08%, and for EY, it was 82.35%. For the third reuse, the degradation rate for MB was 97.15%, and for EY, it was 17%. These results indicate the significant potential of the new semiconductor in environmental remediation applications from an ecological synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, large-size Eu3+ : CaF2 laser crystals with Eu3+ doping concentrations of 250 X 10-6, 1 000 X 10-6 and 2 500 X 10-6, respectively, were prepared by an automatic crystal control method based on Bridgman crystal growth method. The blank size of the ingots is ∅210 mm x80 mm, which demonstrates it the largest Eu3+ :CaF2 laser crystal reported in this field till now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rear-earth doped advanced thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) have been developed by in-situ doping of Gd into YSZ matrix by atmospheric plasma spray coating of YSZ and Gd 2 O 3 (6 to 15 mol %) premixed powders. These modified TBCs are deposited over CoNiCrAlY bond coated Inconel 718 substrate. Diffusion of Gd or Gd3+ into YSZ matrix resulted in further stabilization of its tetragonal phase which is confirmed by detailed X-Ray diffraction analysis. Microstructure and chemical compositions of doped TBCs are examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. Incorporation of Gd 2 O 3 resulted in relatively denser and smoother coating compared to pure YSZ coating for identical process parameters due to finer particle size and complete melting of Gd 2 O 3 powders. However, in-situ doped coatings are sinter resistant at elevated temperature unlike pure YSZ coating which aids in retention of porosities during high temperature exposure and provide better thermal performances. Modified TBCs showed higher hardness and Young's modulus, as revealed by micro and nano hardness measurements. High temperature isothermal oxidation studies carried out between 1173 K and 1273 K allowed evaluation of the efficacy of modified TBCs for oxidation resistance and related kinetics. The results show that modified TBCs provide better oxidation resistance compared to pure YSZ coating. Erosion tests of TBCs both at ambient and elevated temperature (773 K) showed that modified coatings are more resistant to erosion compared to YSZ coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Dalian Polytechnic University is the property of Journal of Dalian Polytechnic University Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have shown great application prospects in the field of optoelectronics owing to their superior optical and optoelectronic properties. Bandgap engineering and impurity doping are effective ways to achieve regulation of luminous properties in the visible light region. However, realizing efficient deep red and wide‐range tunable near‐infrared (NIR) emission remains a challenge. Here, a series of rare earth (RE3+) ions (RE = Nd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb) doped Cs4Cd1−xMnxSb2Cl12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) quadruple perovskites are designed. An efficient tunable luminescence from red to NIR light is achieved based on the energy transfer (ET) from Mn2+ to RE3+ by building the Mn2+ energy bridge, which covers the NIR‐I (650–900 nm) and NIR‐II (900–1700 nm) regions. Moreover, the ET efficiency is availably influenced by the doping concentration of Mn2+. Interestingly, the energy bridge from Mn2+ to RE3+ is cut off because of the increased bandgap when Bi3+ is introduced into the RE3+‐doped Cs4Cd0.4Mn0.6Sb2−yBiyCl12 (0 ≤ y ≤ 2) lattice. Through bandgap engineering, the ET from Mn2+ to RE3+ resembles an "optical energy shutter" which quenches the NIR emission of RE3+ owing to the mismatched energy level but enhances the emission of Mn2+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultraviolet (UV) excited down‐shifting (DS) double perovskites with broad emission have potential applications in anti‐counterfeiting. However, discovering new materials and achieving multimode luminescence present significant challenges. In this work, a novel double perovskite, Cs2NaGdCl6 is synthesized, with sky‐blue self‐trapped exciton (STE) emission under UV excitation using a solvothermal method. By incorporating Er3+ ions into Cs2NaGdCl6, green DS and green up‐conversion (UC) luminescence are achieved under UV and near‐infrared (NIR) excitation. The addition of the sensitizer Yb3+ ion led to a significant enhancement of 21.5‐fold in DS red luminescence and 7.5‐fold in UC green luminescence. The color of both DS and UC luminescence in Cs2NaGdCl6:Yb3+, Er3+ is further adjusted from green‐dominated to red‐dominated, due to the cross‐relaxation process between Er3+ and Yb3+, Er3+ and Er3+, respectively. The combination of UC and DS luminescence, along with the ability to modulate emission color in rare‐earth‐based materials, opens new possibilities for high security anti‐counterfeiting applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Atomic & Molecular Physics (1000-0364) is the property of Journal of Atomic & Molecular Physics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tb3Scx Al5-xO12 (TSAG) crystal is a magneto optical crystal material with excellent performance. Solving the cracking problem during the growth of large-sized TSAG crystal is of great significance for its application in high-power magneto-optical isolators. The segregation law of Dy and Lu during the crystal growth process with Czochralski method was investigated, and the effect of Dy and Lu doping on the crystal properties TSAG were also clarified. The results indicate that Dy and Lu doping are helpful to solve the cracking problem of large-sized TSAG crystal. The obtained TSAG crystals have good internal quality, and the resulting extinction ratios are all greater than 33 dB. Lu doping improves the Verde constant of TSAG crystals, while Dy doping has no significant effect on the Verde constant of TSAG crystals. The magneto-optical properties of Dy and Lu co-doped TSAG crystals are basically similar to those of TSAG, and the prepared crystals meet the requirements for high-power laser isolators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABO 3 type perovskite oxides have been widely studied due to their unique structure and special electromagnetic properties. CaMnO 3 is well known for its excellent thermoelectric performance and temperature stability. In this paper, Ca 1-x Gd x MnO 3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) perovskites were comprehensively studied by first-principles calculations and experimental characterizations on their crystal structure and electromagnetic properties to finally elaborate the microwave absorption mechanism. It is found that Gd doping significantly enhances the dielectric polarization effects, resulting in better electromagnetic wave absorption performance than undoped CaMnO 3. Especially for CG2MO perovskite, its reflection loss and bandwidth below −10 dB at 2–18 GHz reaches −31.9 dB and 3.3 GHz approximately, exhibiting excellent microwave absorption property. Moreover, the microwave absorption mechanism of CGMO perovskites involves various modes of conductive loss, resonance loss, multiple reflection and scattering as well as the polarization phenomenon including interfacial polarization, dipole polarization and defect polarization. Among them, polarization effects and conductive loss contributes the most to the microwave absorption performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, rare earth ion Nd doped LiLuF4 (LLF) microcrystals were prepared by hydrothermal method. The phase analysis, morphology analysis of the crystals were performed and near infrared optical properties were studied. LLF crystals belong to the scheelite structure of tetragonal system and the space group is I41/a. The LLF microcrystalline materials prepared by hydrothermal method have good crystallinity and the particle size is about 20 μm. The oxygen content of the optimized Nd∶LLF sample is 0. 001 4% (mass fraction). Under excitation of 792 nm wavelength, the main fluorescence emission peak of 3% (mole fraction) Nd-doped LiLuF4 microcrystal is located at 1 047 nm, which belongs to near infrared bands, and its fluorescence lifetime is about 0. 275 1 ms. Furthermore, Nd∶LLF crystal was grown by the Czochralski method and its laser performance was evaluated. The emission cross section of Nd∶LLF crystal at 1 053 nm is 8. 13 ×10 -20 cm2. The laser performance test and analysis show that under the excitation power of 1. 2 W, Nd∶LLF crystal obtains a near-infrared laser output of 0. 123 W at 1 053 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vacancy defects in two‐dimensional (2D) materials are critical to their properties. The substitutional doping in vacancy defects by rare‐earth atoms results in diverse material versatilities, but the effects and the corresponding mechanisms are far from being answered. Herein, the electronic and optical properties of vacancy defects and lanthanide rare‐earth (RE = Er, Tm, Lu) doping in WS2 monolayers are studied based on density functional theory with Hubbard correction (DFT + U). The formation energies of defective and doped systems are calculated under W‐rich and S‐rich conditions, respectively. The bandgap of WS2 with one W‐defect in a 4 × 4 × 1 supercell changes from direct to indirect, while S‐defect does not change the bandgap type of the supercell. When RE atoms are doped in the W‐defect, the bandgap returns to direct. WS2 supercells with intrinsic defects and Lu doped in [W] defect show the nonmagnetic property, while Er‐ and Tm‐doped supercells show obvious magnetic properties. The imaginary part of dielectric function and absorption coefficients increase drastically from visible to near‐infrared as RE atoms substitute W sites, and the bandgap shrinks due to the rise of the valance band maximum. This work proves RE doping in 2D WS2 is an effective technique for bandgap and carrier engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnO quantum dots with different Eu-doped concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 mol/L) were prepared based on hydrothermal and spin-coating methods. Photoanode films were prepared on the basis of Eu-doped ZnO quantum dots, and quantum dot sensitized solar cells were prepared as photoanodes. The effects of Eu-doped concentration on the morphology, crystal structure, spectral properties and photoelectric properties of ZnO films were studied. The results showed that Eu-doped ZnO nanorods prepared by hydrothermal method belong to hexagonal wurtzite structure. Eu-doped ZnO nanorods did not produce new products, but refined the diameter of ZnO nanorod array, with a diameter distribution of 45～60 nm and a height of about 1.2 μm. The orientation and uniformity of ZnO nanorods had been improved. Eu doping reduced the band gap width of ZnO, reduced the photoluminescence intensity of ZnO, and improved the separation ability of electron pairs. When the concentration of Eu doping was 0.10 mol/L, the minimum band gap width of ZnO was 3.09, and the photoluminescence intensity was the lowest. The doping of Eu improved the photoelectric performance of the quantum dot sensitized solar cell assembled based on ZnO as the counter electrode. When the concentration of Eu doping was 0.10 mol/L, the photoelectric conversion efficiency could reach 4.03%, the charge transfer impedance of the counter electrode was 1.38 Ω, the exchange current density of the counter electrode was 9.92 mA/cm~2, and the photoelectric performance was the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of Tb3+-doped, Ce3+,Tb3+-co-doped and Ce3+,Tb3+,Mn2+-tri-doped CaScBO 4 (CSB) ceramic phosphors were prepared by solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was taken to confirm the phase purity of all as-prepared phosphors powder. Steady-state and transient-state fluorescence spectra were applied to evaluate the luminescence properties of the phosphors. The results indicated that significant enhancement on Tb3+ luminescence was successfully realized by the Ce3+-induced resonance energy transfer and confirmed that the energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+ was governed by an electronic dipole-dipole interaction. Compared to the CSB:Tb3+ phosphors whose optimal excitation located at 378 nm, the occurrence of Ce3+-Tb3+ energy transfer not only allowed the optimal excitation to peak at around 390 nm but also gifted the CSB:Ce3+,Tb3+ phosphors color tunability from blue, cyan to green. Then, two different designs of white light by the introduction of Mn2+ luminescence were performed. One was the combination of CSB:Ce3+,Tb3+ and CSB:Ce3+,Mn2+ phosphors, based on the co-excitation of the above two phosphors at the same wavelength. Another was the direct use of the tri-doped CSB:Ce3+,Tb3+,Mn2+ phosphors. Both designs succeeded in the generation of white light emission. The performance of these two designs in real devices were also studied. The direct use of the tri-doped CSB:Ce3+,Tb3+,Mn2+ phosphor in white light-emitting diode (WLED) device can produce white light with a color rendering index (CRI) up to 85.3 while the use of the CSB:Ce3+,Tb3+ and CSB:Ce3+,Mn2+ phosphors combination can just produce a value of 76.6 in CRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare earth (RE) doped cobalt ferrite (CFO) nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel auto combustion method, and the effect mechanism of RE3+ replacing Co2+ or Fe3+ on CFO was studied for the first time. The different roles of RE added to CFO in changing cation distribution and further affecting structure and magnetism properties due to different substitution positions were focused. The crystal structure formation and crystallite size were investigated by XRD and the results showed that the replacement of Co2+ ions by RE3+ ions was more likely to lead to larger lattice distortion and smaller grains compared with the replacement of Fe3+ ions by RE3+ ions. The SEM and TEM results showed that RE3+ doping not only reduced the grain size, but also made the grain distribution more uniform. The FTIR analysis confirmed that the synthesized material belonged to the spinel structure, and the results also showed that the space shrinkage of tetrahedron (A-sites) was more likely to be caused by the substitution of RE3+ for Co2+ ions. Room temperature magnetization measurements showed that the saturation magnetization of CFO decreased with the substitution of RE3+ ions, and the change of coercivity was related to the substitution position and type of RE3+ ions. The coercivity increased significantly with the substitution of Co2+ ions by RE3+, reaching a maximum of 2423 Oe (Co 0.8 Gd 0.2 Fe 2 O 4), and decreased with the substitution of Fe3+ ions by RE3+. Due to the difference of grain size and RE3+ doping, the magnetic domain presents single or multi domain structure. It can be concluded that the substitution of RE3+ ions for different ions will cause cation rearrangement, and then the cation rearrangement and grain size together lead to a large change in the coercivity of CFO, which puts forward a new direction for the subsequent improvement of the coercivity of materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The interface is more easily formed and stabilized by doping rare earth elements Ce and Sc. • The mechanical properties of the alloy are reduced by the coarseness of the newborn Al 3 Sc granule. • The highest elongation at break was obtained for the Al-Li alloy with 0.6 Sc content after aging. • The size of the precipitated phase decreases with increasing Sc content. In this paper, the effects of rare earth elements La, Ce, Sc, and Y on the bond strength of the aluminum–lithium alloy δ' (Al 3 Li)/Al interface are investigated using first-principles calculations. The results show that the interfacial energy decreases after substitutional doping of Al atoms on both sides of the interface by rare earth elements, respectively, with values ranging from −2.0664 eV/Å2 to −1.9720 eV/Å2. The interfacial energy decreased by 2.0841 eV/Å2 and 2.0709 eV/Å2 when Ce and Sc elements replaced Al in the matrix, respectively. Uniaxial interfacial tensile simulations of Al/ Al 3 Li showed that the strain elongation of the material increased from 24 % to 42 % for the pure interface after doping with Sc elements at the interface. The same tensile tests yielded a maximum elongation at break of 3.25 % for Al-Li alloy after artificial aging at 0.6 % Sc content. Observation of the microstructure of the materials before and after rare earth doping using TEM reveals that the content of nanoscale Al 3 (Sc, Li) composite particles increases with the increase of Sc content after artificial aging at 185 °C for 10 h. Moreover, the presence of Al 3 Sc refines the precipitated phase of the alloy and improves the plastic toughness of the material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, rare-earth-doped up-conversion luminescent materials have received increasing attention in solar cells, industrial lighting, and medical fields. The current research is mainly to find new and efficient rare-earth up-conversion luminescent materials. For the study of luminescent materials, the choice of matrix is particularly important. Molybdate stands out from many matrixes due to its stable physical and chemical properties and low phonon energy. In this paper, molybdate is selected as the matrix material doped with rare earth ions. Tm and Yb ion-doped NaGd (MoO4)2 samples are prepared by hydrothermal method, and the change of the luminescence characteristics of NaGd (MoO4)2 phosphor is explored by changing the ion doping concentration. Through the analysis of its spectrum, it is found that under 980 nm laser irradiation, NaGd (MO4)2: Yb3+/Tm3+ has a blue emission peak at 477 nm and a red emission peak at 648 nm. When the doping mole fraction of fixed Yb3+ is 6% and the doping mole fraction of Tm3+ is changed to 0, 0. 5%, 1% and 2% respectively, it is found that with the increase of the doping mole fraction of Tm3+, the intensity of the emission peak at 477 nm first increases and then decreases. When the doping mole fraction of Tm3+ is 0. 5%, the luminous intensity of molybdate phosphor first increases and then decreases to the maximum. It has broad prospects in the application of multi-color lighting and light source devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare earth element Tb doped DyBaCo4O7+δ nano-powder was synthesized by sol-gel process.The effect of Tb doping with different concentration on the morphology, crystal structure and oxygen adsorption-desorption properties of DyBaCo4O7+δnano-powder was studied.Dy1-xTbxBaCo4O7+δ nanopowder is still hexagonal close packed crystal structure at low Tb doping concentration. Tb doping has little effect on the morphology of Dy1-xTbxBaCo4O7+δnanopowder. From room temperature to 1 000 ℃, DyBaCo4O7+δnanopowder and Dy1-xTbxBaCo4O7+δnanopowders showed two times of oxygen adsorption and desorption.Compared with the oxygen adsorption performance of DyBaCo4O7+δnanopowder, the oxygen adsorption capacity of Tb doped DyBaCo4O7+δ nanopowder is obviously higher than that of undoped DyBaCo4O7+δ. The oxygen adsorption capacity of DyBaCo4O7+δis 1.4%, while the oxygen adsorption capacity of Dy1-xTbxBaCo4O7+δis 4.9%. DyBaCo4O7+δnanopowders and Dy1-xTbxBaCo4O7+δnanopowders showed good oxygen adsorption/desorption behavior during N2/O2 gas switching. The improvement of the oxygen adsorption/desorption performance of DyBaCo4O7+δcan be attributed to the improvement of the spacing of DyBaCo4O7+δand the increase of the oxygen storage space of DyBaCo4O7+δ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To approach the Shockley-Queisser (S-Q) limit in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), enhancing the fill factor (FF), a crucial parameter associated with carrier transport and nonradiative recombination, is of paramount importance. In this paper, the rare earths (RE), neodymium salt is used as dopant of 4-(3-,6-dimethoxy-9h-carbazol-9-butyl) phosphonic acid (MeO-4PACz) to obtain MeO-4PACz:Nd 3+ , and Nd 3+ migration is induced during annealing. It is worth noting that the uniform diffusion of Nd 3+ in the perovskite layer significantly increases the defect-formation energy of perovskite, thus reducing the density of the perovskite defect states, greatly improving the carrier transport rate and inhibited non-radiative recombination. The experimental results show that the wide-band gap (WBG) PSCs based on MeO-4PACz:Nd 3+ has an excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.82% with the FF of 86.35%. The proposed method provides a direct method for RE 3+ to promote the FF of perovskites., (© 2025 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT)-based ceramics are one of the most promising lead-free ferroelectrics due to their high strain property. Compared to other chemical modifications, rare earth ions doping provides significant possibility to optimize the strain property of BNT-based ceramics. In this work, the effects of rare earth ions on phase structure, microstructure, and strain & electrostrictive properties of lead-free BNT-based ceramics were systematically investigated. Rare earth ions (i.e., La3+, Sm3+, Yb3+, Dy3+, and Nd3+) were selected as the doping ions. Introducing moderate La3+ ions can drive the ferroelectric state of BNT-based ceramics to nonergodic relaxor state or ergodic relaxor state. The enhanced strain response of ∼0.40–0.42% and high converse piezoelectric coefficient of ∼600–630 pm/V can be achieved under 60–70 kV/cm for La3+-doped ceramic with nonergodic relaxor state. Besides, the giant electrostrictive coefficient Q33 of ∼0.047 m4/C2 can be obtained for La3+-doped ceramic with ergodic relaxor state. Other rare earth ions also present the promotion effect on strain enhancement for BNT-based ceramics. This study affords a significant guidance to optimize strain and electrostrictive properties of BNT-based ceramics via rare earth ions doping.

Tuning morphology and doping additional rare earth (RE) cations are potential techniques to promote the photocatalytic performance of ceria (CeO2), evaluating the collaborative effects of morphology and RE dopants is significant for producing high active ceria-based catalysts. So in this work, cubic, polyhedral and rod-like nanoceria doped with 10 mol % La (lanthanum), Y (yttrium), or Sm (samarium) were synthesized by a facile template-free hydrothermal method. Phases, morphologies, oxygen vacancies (OVs) concentration, energy band structure, photo-carriers separation/recombination, and photodegradation ratio toward methylene blue (MB) dye of as prepared ceria were studied. Results show that doped CeO2 maintains a similar morphology structure with un-doped sample and the band gap narrows slightly. Y-doped nanoceria, with an improved separation and a reduced recombination of photo-excited electrons (e−) and holes (h+), owns a higher MB photodegradation ratio than that of samples doping with La or Sm, which is measured as 79.04, 84.43, and 85.59% for Y-doped cubic, polyhedral, and rod-like CeO2. The collaborative influence of morphology tuning and RE (La, Y, and Sm) doping on photocatalytic performance of nanoceria includes the effects of doped elements and the formation of OVs. The elevation of OVs concentration as well as the separation efficiency of photo-generated e−/h+ are suggested to further enhance the photocatalytic performance of ceria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]