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Protists are abundant in the rhizosphere, and protist inoculation onto plants has revealed protists’ roles in plant growth and development, disease suppression, and relationships with plant-beneficial bacteria. In this study, we evaluated the establishment of an 18-member defined protist consortium after inoculation onto germinated maize seedlings, along with the effects on the bacterial populations in the rhizosphere. Inoculated protists established a community that could be detected in the rhizosphere 3 weeks after inoculation. Plants inoculated with the protist consortium developed a bacterial community structure similar to that of plants inoculated with protist-free rhizosphere bacteria but different from that of uninoculated plants. This indicates that the protist cultures introduced rhizosphere-competent bacteria to the seedling. We also observed a plant growth phenotype, as inoculation with rhizosphere bacteria suppressed plant growth in the absence, but not the presence, of protists. Maize inoculated with an antibiotic-treated protist had lower biomass than plants inoculated with an untreated protist, indicating that growth promotion by protists depended on bacteria in the protist culture microbiome. This study shows that inoculation of germinated seeds establishes protist and bacterial communities on maize roots and that plant-detrimental effects of rhizosphere bacteria can be mitigated by the presence of protists.

Infertility in bovines is a major cause of serious economic loss to the dairy farmers. A major reason for infertility is sub-clinical, retrograde uterine infections. Sub-clinical endometritis is endometrial inflammation without apparent clinical manifestation and usually without signs of infection. This condition may be due to uterine infections or an extended inflammatory period that exists after elimination of bacteria. At present, infertility treatment is mainly done with intrauterine antibacterials, antiseptics and less commonly by hormones. These days, the major problem faced by animal reproductive health workers is the multiple drug resistance pathogens because of the indiscriminate use of antibiotics.Therefore, a different approach for more effective treatment of subclinical endometritis with Lactobacilli and its role on the steroid hormone profile was studied. In the present study, estradiol-17 β values were lower in the sub-clinical endometritis affected cows. Whereas, intra-uterine administration of Lactobacillus bacteria caused significant increase in estradiol level in a cycle after treatment in cross- bred cows. Similarly, the circulating serum progesterone concentration was also found to be low in subclinical endometritis affected cows. These findings could be used for clinical and experimental interpretations. Further, the information on pulsatile release of gonadotropins and steroid hormones status, receptors and its control, the close relationship among hormones could be necessary for better understanding of the role of steroid hormones in sub-clinical uterine infections.

Abstract Sixty genotypes with different seed coat colour and seed sizes were evaluated for seed longevity under both natural and accelerated ageing over seasons. The genotypes were grown during rabi, 2018, and summer, 2021, and freshly harvested seeds were used. For natural ageing, seeds were stored in a cloth bag in ambient condition and were removed at bimonthly intervals till 20 months. Accelerated ageing was carried out as per International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) guidelines. The germination percentage after natural and accelerated ageing over two seasons was determined. The correlation between two seasons of accelerated ageing and month-wise natural ageing was highly significant. The principal component analysis (PCA) using seed longevity grouped the majority of black genotypes into a separate cluster. Higher seed longevity was associated with black seed coat colour and small seed size. Microsatellite marker-based clustering also produced a separate cluster for majority of black genotypes and grouped the genotypes into a large number of clusters suggesting high diversity in the plant material. Two black seed coat colour genotypes, ACC No.369 and ACC No.39 consistently showed higher longevity under natural and both the years of accelerated ageing and serve as a source of alleles for higher seed longevity in soybean.

ABSTRACTA newly designed DC–AC three phase bidirectional converter (DATBC) with an encapsulated DC–DC converter (EDC) for the energy storage system (ESD) is analysed and investigated in this research paper. By using encapsulated or embedded or hidden DC–DC converter a stable and constant DC bus is developed between the encapsulated DC–DC converter and DC–AC three phase bidirectional converter. The proposed converter is entirely different from the traditional dual-stage DC–AC converter, because it takes less than 20% of power used for the DC–AC conversion process. So, this reduced power consumption increases efficiency to a considerable value. A new control technique for zero sequence has been adopted components are inserted in the modulating signal based on carrier pulse width modulation (CPWM). Working principle, implementation and characteristics of the DC–AC three phase bidirectional converter are analysed. Effectiveness and feasibility of the developed converter are examined with a proto-type model.

abstract: Polymer matrix nanocomposites are in high demand and have attracted great interest in the expansion of new functional materials owing to their potential in environmental remediation applications. In this context, Polypyrrole-Based Copper oxide-Nickel oxide Nanocomposite (PPCN) was successfully fabricated by combining chemical co-precipitation and in-situ polymerization methods. The chemical co-precipitation technique was used to synthesize Copper oxide-Nickel oxide Nanocomposite using citric acid as a capping agent and in-situ polymerization method was applied to produce Polypyrrole (PPY). The photocatalytic process is a green technology that is developing as a viable option, for removing a variety of toxic pollutants, and antibacterial activity in surface water irrigation is beneficial for the protection of the edible crops from the microbial and dye pollutants in wastewater. The synthesized PPCN is investigated for its photocatalytic properties and for antibacterial activities and is safe for the environment making them a promising material for wide-ranging applications including wastewater treatment, bacterial control, and agricultural purposes. The photocatalytic behavior of the PPCN was studied for the removal of dyes under UV irradiation and showed that these polymer-based nanocomposites could remove and destroy the dye contaminants in high worth. Moreover, the PPCN acts as an excellent catalyst and observed a remarkable dye degradation efficiency of 86% in Alizarin Red (AR) and 80% in Toluidine Blue (TB) dyes within 5hrs. The results show that the PPCN could be used as a well-performing catalyst for water contamination removal. In addition, the antibacterial results indicate that the maximum antibacterial action is against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), and Escherichia coli (E. coli).

Bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems consist of two or more adjacent genes, encoding a toxin and an antitoxin. TA systems are implicated in evolutionary and physiological functions including genome maintenance, antibiotics persistence, phage defense, and virulence. Eight classes of TA systems have been described, based on the mechanism of toxin neutralization by the antitoxin. Although studied well in model species of clinical significance, little is known about the TA system abundance and diversity, and their potential roles in stress tolerance and virulence of plant pathogens. In this study, we screened the genomes of 339 strains representing the genetic and lifestyle diversity of the Pseudomonas syringae species complex for TA systems. Using bioinformatic search and prediction tools, including SLING, BLAST, HMMER, TADB2.0, and T1TAdb, we show that P. syringae strains encode 26 different families of TA systems targeting diverse cellular functions. TA systems in this species are almost exclusively type II. We predicted a median of 15 TA systems per genome, and we identified six type II TA families that are found in more than 80% of strains, while others are more sporadic. The majority of predicted TA genes are chromosomally encoded. Further functional characterization of the predicted TA systems could reveal how these widely prevalent gene modules potentially impact P. syringae ecology, virulence, and disease management practices.

Seed longevity is an important trait in the context of germplasm conservation and economics of seed production. The identification of populations with high level of genetic variability for seed longevity and associated traits will become a valuable resource for superior alleles for seed longevity. In this study, Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS)-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) approach, simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers and agro-morphological traits have been explored to investigate the diversity and population structure of assembled 96 genotypes. The GBS technique performed on 96 genotypes of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) resulted in 37,897 SNPs on sequences aligned to the reference genome sequence. The average genome coverage was 6.81X with a mapping rate of 99.56% covering the entire genome. Totally, 29,955 high quality SNPs were identified after stringent filtering and most of them were detected in non-coding regions. The 96 genotypes were phenotyped for eight quantitative and ten qualitative traits by growing in field by following augmented design. The STRUCTURE (Bayesian-model based algorithm), UPGMA (Un-weighed Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean) and principal component analysis (PCA) approaches using SSR, SNP as well as quantitative and qualitative traits revealed population structure and diversity in assembled population. The Bayesian-model based STRUCTURE using SNP markers could effectively identify clusters with higher seed longevity associated with seed coat colour and size which were subsequently validated by UPGMA and PCA based on SSR and agro-morphological traits. The results of STRUCTURE, PCA and UPGMA cluster analysis showed high degree of similarity and provided complementary data that helped to identify genotypes with higher longevity. Six black colour genotypes, viz., Local black soybean, Kalitur, ACC Nos. 39, 109, 101 and 37 showed higher seed longevity during accelerated ageing. Higher coefficient of variability observed for plant height, number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant, 100 seed weight and seed longevity confirms the diversity in assembled population and its suitability for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping.

Populations of genetically identical bacteria encompass heterogeneous physiological states. The small fraction of bacteria that are dormant can help the population survive exposure to antibiotics and other stresses, potentially contributing to recurring infection cycles in animal or plant hosts.

Agenesis of lung is a rare congenital disorder. We are reporting varied degree of pulmonary agenesis in two adult patients. Lung India 2008; 25 : 28-30

In the title compound, C27H20NO3P, the P atom exhibits a somewhat distorted PNO3 tetrahedral geometry, with the O—P—O angle for the binaphthyl fragment being 102.82 (6)°. The dihedral angle between the naphthyl ring systems is 59.00 (2)°. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N—H...O hydrogen bonds generate R22(8) loops.

In the title molecular salt, C8H12N+·C6H10O4P−, the cation and anion are connected by N—H...O hydrogen bonds. The C atoms of the cyclohexane ring are disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.51 (4):0.49 (4) occupancy ratio to generate two superimposed chair conformations. One of the terminal phosphate O atoms is also disordered in a 0.62 (2):0.38 (2) ratio.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C6H16N+·C20H12O4P−, an N—H...O interaction links the cation to the anion. The N atom in the triethylammonium cation exhibits a trigonal-bipyramidal coordination geometry and forms an N—H...O interaction with one phosphate O atom of the 1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-diyl phosphate ligand. A bifurcated C—H...O interaction with the other phosphate O atom links molecules along the a axis. The dihedral angle between the two naphthyl ring systems is 58.92 (3)°. The refined Flack parameter value of 0.50 (10) indicates inversion twinning.

A brain abscess which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is a rare entity. Here, we have described a gentle man who presented with the signs and symptoms of a mass lesion which was localized to the temporal lobe. The clinical examination and computerized tomography revealed the diagnosis of a temporal abscess. The loculated mass was tapped and it was sent for histopathology, which confirmed the presence of an organizing abscess. A laboratory investigation of the pus revealed Streptococcus pneumoniae. The treatment included total excision and the administration of prolonged antibiotics, which led to a good outcome in the patient.

We studied 100 patients with Spinal Cord injury (SCI) after Autologous Stem cell Injection in the Spinal fluid with a Follow up of 6 months post Stem cell injection. There were 69 males and 31 females; age ranging from 8 years to 55 years.? Time after Spinal Injury ranged from 11 years - 3 months (Average: 4.5 years). The Level of Injury ranged from Upper Thoracic (T1-T7) - 34 pts, Lower thoracic (T7-T12) -45 pts, Lumbar -12, Cervical-9 pts. All patients had an MRI Scan, urodynamic study and SSEP (somatosensory Evoked Potential) tests before and 3 months after Stem cell Injection.80% of patients had Grade 0 power in the Lower limbs and rest had grade 1-2 power before stem cell injections. 70% of cases had complete lack of Bladder control and 95% had reduced detrusor function.We Extracted CD34 and CD 133 marked Stem cells from 100 ml of Bone marrow Aspirate using Ficoll Gradient method with Cell counting done using flowcytometry.15 ml of the Stem cell concentrate was injected into the Lumbar spinal fluid in aseptic conditions. The CD 34/CD45 counts ranged from 120-400 million cells in the total volume.6 months after Injection, 8 patients had more than 2 grades of Motor power improvement, 3 are able to walk with support. 1 patient with T12/L1 injury was able to walk without support. 12 had sensory tactile and Pain perception improvement and 8 had objective improvement in bladder control and Bladder Muscle contractility. A total of 18 patients had reported or observed improvement in Neurological status. 85% of patients who had motor Improvement had Lesions below T8. MRI, SSEP and Urodynamic Study data are gathered at regular intervals. Conclusion: This study shows that Quantitative and qualitative Improvement in the Neurological status of paralyzed patients after Spinal cord injury is possible after autologous bone marrow Stem cell Injections in select patients. There was no report of Allodynia indicating the safety of the procedure. Further studies to (i) quantify the neurological and vascular damage and to standardize the dosage, (ii) Identify Mechanism of action of each group of Stem cells (HSCs, MSCs, Naive cells, Purified subsets etc) on Nerve Tissue both In-vivo and In-vitro will be necessary to Confirm Above results.