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Soybean seed lipoxygenase-2 is the principal contributor to off-flavour associated with soy-products and constrains the utilization of soybean in food uses. A soybean genotype NRC132 genetically free from lipoxygenase-2 was developed through modified marker-assisted backcrossing by crossing climate-smart variety JS97-52 with null lipoxygenase-2 donor PI596540, an exotic germplasm accession. Null lipoxygenase-2 gene-specific marker and SSR marker linked to Lox2 locus were deployed for foreground selection and phenotyped through lipoxygenase-2 assay. The genotype was tested at multi-locations in Southern and Eastern zone in 2017, 2018, 2019 for yield and reaction to insect pests and diseases. The genotype yielded at par and significantly higher than the best performing check in Southern and Eastern zone, respectively, and showed resistance against potential diseases and insect pests at hotspots. Soy-milk produced from NRC132 gave reduced off-flavour. The genotype identified for release as variety holds potential to boost utilization of soybean in manufacturing food products.

The study was conducted in landhari village of Hisar district, Haryana purposely. Total 50 respondents were selected randomly from village 25 male and 25 female with the objective to study the health status of elderly and find out the preventive measure followed. Health is not only a biological or medical concern but also a significant personal and social concern. Gender wise differences were found in the health status of the elderly respondents. Compared to men, the health status of women was found to be poor. This might be due to under nourishment associated with cultural practices in India especially in rural areas. Women in rural areas, generally take meals only after their husbands and children have had their food.

Development of kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI)-free soybean is crucial for soy-food industry as the heat inactivation employed to inactivate the anti-nutritional factor in regular soybean incurs extra cost and affects protein solubility. In the presented work, a null allele of KTI from PI542044 was introgressed into cultivar ‘JS97-52’ (recurrent parent) through marker assisted backcrossing. Foreground selection in BC1F2, BC2F2 and BC3F2 was carried out using the null allele-specific marker in tandem with SSR marker Satt228, tightly linked with a trypsin inhibitor Ti locus. Background selection in null allele-carrying plants through 106 polymorphic SSR markers across the genome led to the identification of 9 KTI-free lines exhibiting 98.6% average recurrent parent genome content (RPGC) after three backcrosses, which otherwise had required 5–6 backcrosses through conventional method. Introgressed lines (ILs) were free from KTI and yielded at par with recurrent parent. Reduction of 68.8–83.5% in trypsin inhibitor content (TIC) in ILs compared to the recurrent parent (‘JS97-52’) was attributed to the elimination of KTI.

Off-flavour generated in soy products is ascribed to soybean seed lipoxygenase-1, lipoxygenase-2 and lipoxygenase-3, controlled by single dominant genes Lox1, Lox2 and Lox3, respectively. Lox2 locus has already been mapped and reported to be tightly linked with Lox1 locus. The objective of the present study was to map Lox1 locus by investigating the SSR markers reported to be linked with Lox2 locus and the neighbouring SSR markers in two mapping populations of 116 and 91 plants developed from LSb1 × PI408251 and JS335 × PI408251, respectively. Parental polymorphism was surveyed using SSR markers Sat_074, Satt522 reported to be linked with Lox2 locus and the SSR markers in its proximity. F2:3 seeds were used for assaying lipoxygenase-1 to identify the genotype of the F2 individuals. SSR marker Satt656 was found to be tightly linked with Lox1 locus at distance of 3.6 and 4.8 cM in the mapping population of LSb1 × PI408251 and JS335 × PI408251, respectively. SSR marker Satt656 can be useful for marker assisted selection for transferring recessive allele of lipoxygenase-1 in the background of high yielding soybean genotypes.

Yellow mosaic virus disease is one of the major diseases of soybean in India. Genetic basis of 41 soybean genotypes varying in resistance against yellow mosaic virus was studied using 58 simple sequence repeat primers. A total of 140 alleles with an average of 2.41 alleles per locus were detected, which indicated very narrow genetic base of the genotypes studied. The polymorphic information content varied from 0.00 to 0.754 with an average of 0.357. Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Average allocated the genotypes in 2 major clusters separated at 41% similarity with fairly good bootstrap support. Ten unique alleles observed in the study can be used for identification of genotype possessing that particular unique allele. The resistant group comprised of 21 genotypes with similarity coefficient 0.33 to 0.805, of which 20 genotypes were classified in a single sub-cluster. The results presented are of significance with regard to the identification of suitable donor parents for incorporating yellow mosaic resistance into popular soybean varieties. Genetically diverse parents with varying resistance against yellow mosaic virus identified in the study can be used for generating mapping population for the identification of SSR markers closely linked with yellow mosaic virus.

Genetic elimination of kunitz trypsin inhibitor in soybean seed would obviate the need for boiling required to inactivate the antinutritional factor and therefore economize the soy processing. PI542044, the source of null variant of kunitz trypsin inhibitor gene is being used in the development of kunitz trypsin inhibitor free soybean genotypes in India. Gene specific marker can expedite the genetic elimination of this undesirable trait from popular soybean genotypes. In the present study, we tested the DNA amplification of soybean genotype PI542044 and kunitz trypsin inhibitor null lines derived from this genotype with a gene specific primer developed from the null variant of PI157740. The amplicons so obtained corresponded to the absence of kunitz trypsin inhibitor protein band on 10% polyacrylamide gel. The gene specific marker also amplified the null allele of template DNA of F1, BC1F1 and BC2F1 plants developed during marker assisted introgression of null allele of kunitz trypsin inhibitor into elite soybean cultivar JS97-52. The results presented show the utility of this gene specific marker developed from null allele of kunitz trypsin inhibitor for identification of kunitz trypsin inhibitor free genotypes developed from PI542044, the only source of null variant available in India.