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Background: Global forced displacement has been rising steeply since 2015 as a result of wars and human rights abuses. Forcibly displaced people are often exposed to physical and mental strain, which can cause traumatic experiences and poor mental health. Physical activity has been linked with better mental health, although such evidence is scarce among those populations. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationships of self-reported physical activity and fitness with mental health indices among people residing in a refugee camp in Greece as asylum seekers. Methods: Participants were 151 individuals (76 women, 75 men; mean age 28.90 y) displaced from their homes for an average of 32.03 months. Among them, 67% were from Afghanistan and countries from southwest Asia, and 33% from sub-Saharan African countries. Participants completed self-report measures assessing physical activity, fitness, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and well-being. Results: High prevalence of mental health disorder symptoms and poor well-being were identified, with women and Asians showing poorer mental health. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety were related to perceived fitness, but not to self-reported physical activity. Regression analysis showed that perceived fitness (β: 0.34; 95% CI, 0.43 to 1.52) and low-intensity physical activity (β: 0.24; 95% CI, 0.001 to 0.009) significantly positively predicted well-being, showing small to medium effect. Conclusions: The findings provide useful insights regarding the link between physical activity and well-being; nevertheless, further research examining objectively measured physical activity is warranted to complement these data and further explore the associations between physical activity and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Invasion Images and Seeing Gaza" by Simon Faulkner discusses the visual representation of migrants in the UK tabloid press, focusing on the use of images to create a sense of threat and nativist understanding of the nation. The article also highlights the use of similar visual rhetoric in political campaigns, such as the UKIP billboard and Reform UK party posters, which depict migrants as invading the national space. Additionally, the article explores contemporary visual culture in the UK, referencing demonstrations in support of Gaza and the importance of looking beyond ethno-nationalism towards a more inclusive perspective. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses Ariella Aïsha Azoulay's book "La résistance des bijoux: Contre les géographies coloniales," focusing on themes of artisanal work, autobiography, settler colonialism, genocide, mourning, and the concept of Muslim Jew. Azoulay explores the impact of French colonialism on the Jewish Muslim world, challenges national narratives, and emphasizes the importance of reclaiming lost histories and languages. The author delves into the intergenerational trauma caused by colonial violence and the need to resist imperial narratives. The article provides a critical analysis of Azoulay's work, highlighting the complexities of identity, belonging, and resistance in the face of historical and ongoing injustices. [Extracted from the article]

This research paper delves into the New York Public Library’s collection of publications from Ukrainian Displaced Persons (DP) camps, spotlighting the significant contributions of distinguished Ukrainian figures. By exploring the origins of works by notable individuals such as Ivan Bahriany and Iar Slavutych, the paper unveils the diaspora’s endeavors in preserving Ukrainian heritage through literature amid the challenges following World War II. Thanks to the generous donations and acquisitions from Ukrainian immigrants, these collections stand as a vivid testament to the Ukrainian diaspora’s cultural resilience and enduring intellectual legacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores and discusses the resilience of refugee children under foster care in Zimbabwe. It advances the argument that there are resilience factors associated with unaccompanied refugee children under the foster care programme at the Tongogara Refugee Camp. Data were gathered using an exploratory qualitative research design using document analyses, 10 refugee children under foster care and 10 key informant interviews, which were conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the lives of refugee children under foster care at the Tongogara Refugee Camp. Evidence from the sources shows that there are several factors enhancing resilience among unaccompanied minors in foster care, such as religious, personal and macro support from foster parents, agencies involved in childcare, and educational support. It is recommended that the National Orphan Care Policy of 1999 be reviewed and the provisions of social protection programmes for unaccompanied refugee children under foster care be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the evolving role of social media influencers in diplomacy, highlighting how they impact public opinion and influence international affairs. It explores how influencers can serve as sources of information or disinformation, shaping narratives on global issues. The text also delves into case studies of influencers involved in diplomatic affairs, showcasing examples from various countries like Saudi Arabia, South Korea, China, Russia, and Spain. The article emphasizes the need for diplomats and foreign ministries to adapt to the digital influencer landscape, engaging with influencers to enhance soft power and effectively communicate foreign policy objectives. [Extracted from the article]

The article explores the political agency of refugee movements, challenging dominant framings of refugees in politics and media. It combines post-workerist and Black radical debates with theories of exodus to propose the concept of politics of flight, describing fugitives' movements as transnational, solidary, and precarious political actions. The text delves into the historical context of refugee persecution and dispossession, linking it to imperialism, fascism, and the collapse of internationalism. It also discusses the critiques of nation-states and global capitalism posed by refugee movements, emphasizing the transnational alliances, radical solidarity, and precarious nature of politics of flight. [Extracted from the article]

The article "Introduction: The Twenty-First Century Social Novel in French" from Nottingham French Studies discusses the works of contemporary French-speaking writers who focus on social issues, class differences, and marginalized groups. Authors like Annie Ernaux, Nicolas Mathieu, Édouard Louis, and others shed light on poverty, injustice, and the struggles of the working class through their novels. The special issue explores how these authors use literature to address social and political realities, offering nuanced insights into the experiences of marginalized communities and encouraging readers to engage with ongoing social challenges. [Extracted from the article]

When relief organisations provide assistance for refugees, aid providers expect particular responses from their beneficiaries that align with the desired outcomes of a given intervention. Yet, in practice, refugees often do not 'perform' to the script prepared by the organisations. When refugees' responses to aid interventions fall outside of expectations, some aid workers struggle to understand the causes of mismatches, leading to the creation of labels such as 'refugee syndrome'. Drawing upon two case studies in refugee camps in East and West Africa, this article examines the roots of such disjuncture between refugees and relief agencies through a lens of performance. While shedding light on dramaturgical setting in refugee assistance, the article particularly explores the social and political dynamics between different actors in the humanitarian sector and offers a theoretical approach to describe why such gaps emerge and endure in implementation of aid programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides an overview of volumes 41-48 of the British Educational Research Journal (BERJ) and highlights key themes and papers published between 2015 and 2022. It discusses the development and position of education and educational research, including topics such as Brexit, the Covid-19 pandemic, and the climate crisis. The selection process for papers in this special issue is outlined, covering themes like education in a digital world, marginalization, mental health, the climate crisis, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, and new approaches to educational research. The article emphasizes the importance of addressing social justice issues in education and reflects on the future directions of educational research and practice. [Extracted from the article]

This article examines the accessibility of healthcare services by the elderly within a camp for internally displaced people (IDP) in Bakassi, Cross River State in Nigeria. Access to healthcare by the elderly within these camps is a primary concern due to age related conditions resulting from displacement and limited resources. This paper stems from a qualitative study that employed a phenomenological research design. A purposive sampling technique was used to recruit 40 elderly persons (12 males and 28 females). In contrast, a convenience sampling technique was used to recruit two health workers and two government officials for in-depth interviews. Three themes emerged from the findings: access to healthcare services, healthcare needs, and obstacles to accessing healthcare services. Sub-themes from these themes included psycho-social support, physical health, and a clean environment. The study's findings revealed that the elderly desire psycho-social support to solve their mental health problems arising from the effects of displacement. The findings of this study suggest that social workers and other officials should lead the way in helping displaced elders with complex healthcare requirements. The government should also completely implement Nigeria's internal displacement strategy. More research is needed on aging requirements in Nigerian refugee camps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The refugee experience is frequently marred by pervasive gender-based violence, particularly harassment, in refugee camps. Women, disproportionately affected due to entrenched gender biases, often suffer in silence due to societal stigma. In Za'atari Camp in Jordan, women face various forms of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), notably verbal harassment, exacerbating their plight amidst a culture of victim-blaming. While humanitarian efforts have made strides, challenges persist in reporting and adopting sensitive response mechanisms. This study aims to evaluate gaps in protection plans, response procedures, and reporting at Za'atari Camp, analysing coping mechanisms and resistance behaviours of women facing harassment. With 409 survey responses, findings reveal enduring verbal harassment and reporting barriers fuelled by fear of repercussions and survivor blaming. Addressing these challenges is crucial for the effective implementation of humanitarian policies and standard operating procedures, necessitating collective action to create a supportive environment for all women in the camp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document explores the historical connections between El Salvador's revolutionary movement and the Palestinian resistance, focusing on Schafik Handal's visit to Beirut in 1981 to build solidarity with Palestinian and Lebanese counterparts. Handal, a prominent figure in El Salvador's leftist movements, emphasized the shared struggle against U.S. and Israeli imperialism. The text highlights the impact of U.S. and Israeli support for right-wing forces during the Salvadoran civil war and the importance of inter-regional solidarity in challenging oppression. Handal's legacy of solidarity serves as a reminder of the ongoing struggle against oppressive forces in El Salvador and beyond. [Extracted from the article]

Objectives: To assess the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease of the Rohingya refugees and host community in Bangladesh. Methods: An unpublished pilot was conducted for the sample size calculation. Two‐stage cluster sampling method was used to select 50 participants from refugee camps and 50 from the host community. Structured questionnaire and periodontal examination were completed. Composite measures of periodontal disease were based on the World Workshop (WW) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention‐American Academy of Periodontology. Linear regression models, for clinical attachment level and periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and ordered logistic regression models, for composite measures, were fitted to test the association of periodontal measures and refugee status. Results: Compared to the host community, a smaller percentage of refugees reported good oral health‐related behaviours. Refugees exhibited lower levels of bleeding on probing but higher PPD, hence a higher proportion had severe stages of periodontitis. As per the WW, prevalence of periodontal disease was 88% and 100% in the host and refugee groups, respectively. In the unadjusted models, refugees were three times more likely to have severe stages of periodontitis; this association was attenuated when adjusted for confounders (sociodemographic variables and oral health‐related behaviours). Conclusions: Prevalence of periodontitis was high both in the host community and refugees. The refugees exhibited a more severe disease profile. The oral health of both groups is under‐researched impacting the response of the health system. Large‐scale research systematically exploring the oral health of both groups will inform the design and delivery of community‐based interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the eco-coloniality of the UK–France border by tracing the transformation of the notorious Calais "jungle" refugee camp into a nature reserve. We empirically investigate the ecological politics of the Calais borderzone, arguing that the environment plays a crucial role in both enacting and obscuring border violence. Based on long-term research at this site, we explore how the environment does political work by excluding, harming, and erasing the presence of racialized migrants from the shores of the English Channel. Taking a critical postcolonial approach, we argue that environmental ideas that were once forged during empire—including the imperial origins of environmentalism—continue to shape the marginalization of racialized groups today. By deepening our understanding of what counts as border violence and tracing the colonial genealogy of violent environmentalism, this article develops the concept of 'eco-coloniality'. This builds upon burgeoning research at the intersection of border studies and political ecology, which has explored the co-option of 'nature' into violent border practices, and the deepening links between eco-fascism and exclusionary migration regimes. At a time of heightened environmental disruption, we emphasize the importance of unearthing the roots that connect contemporary politics with the perennial legacies of colonialism. Ultimately, we suggest that the protection of the environment, both at the border and during empire, has been used as a pretense for dispossessing racialized groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article delves into the life of Arthur Falck, a German Jew impacted by the Nuremberg Laws during World War II, which led to discrimination and persecution based on Jewish ancestry. It follows Arthur's personal history, marriages, and legal challenges under the racial purity laws, highlighting the devastating effects of Nazi policies on individuals and families. The narrative also explores the fate of Arthur's daughter Ruth, who was deported to Auschwitz, while her husband Martin survived forced labor in concentration camps and eventually moved to the USA with his family. The text concludes with the post-war lives of Martin's descendants, including his son Hans Peter in Milwaukee, and Paula Cohen, who lived in London until her passing in 1972. [Extracted from the article]

In recent decades, extreme development contexts (i.e., extreme poverty, refugee camps, conflicted areas, areas affected by climate change, sexual exploitation) are gaining ground, increasingly affecting youth throughout the world. It is crucial to examine how youth optimal development can be sustained in these extreme contexts. Extracurricular activities are considered a potential avenue, yet there is limited research on their impact, especially concerning long-term effects in adulthood. This collaborative study aims to explore and gain a deeper understanding of the long-term perspectives of young adults who engaged in extracurricular activities (specifically art-music and sports) during adolescence in the challenging southern region of Madagascar. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight participants (M = 4; F = 4), aged 19 to 27. The results indicate the value of these programs during their involvement, supporting basic psychological needs, acting as a protective factor against risky behaviors, providing a meaningful time investment, offering a nurturing environment for developing personal values, fostering personal growth, and focusing on education. Importantly, the programs appear to have a lasting impact, influencing participants' adult lives. They contribute to the development of enduring relationships, promote the acquisition of transferable cognitive and non-cognitive skills, facilitate the pursuit of new personal projects, and open doors to employment opportunities. Overall, the findings offer valuable insights into the significance of participating in extracurricular programs for youth in extreme contexts of development, both during and years after their involvement. Results underscore extracurricular programs as a valuable means to sustain optimal youth development over time, emphasizing their importance in challenging environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the impact of the ongoing conflict in Sudan since April 2023 on medical education and medical schools. It highlights challenges faced by medical schools, such as disruptions in education and clinical training, displacement of students and faculty, security concerns leading to closures of medical facilities, and interrupted curriculum delivery. The article also emphasizes the need for an emergency recovery plan to address the immediate and long-term challenges faced by medical schools in Sudan, including ensuring safety and security, rebuilding infrastructure, providing mental health support, and seeking collaboration and international aid for recovery efforts. [Extracted from the article]

Standard economic theory suggests that government is a cheaper way to internalize prevention externalities than private entities. This paper argues that this view depends on unexamined assumptions about transaction costs and the costs of improving state capacity. Public and private entities might be cheaper ways to internalize prevention externalities depending on differences in transaction costs, state capacity, and the willingness to improve public health. The 1878 yellow fever epidemic throughout the lower Mississippi Valley—one of the worst epidemiological disasters in the United States during the nineteenth century—provides ample context to examine this argument. Primary responses include municipal quarantine, flight from towns and cities, and the formation of refugee camps. Whereas municipal governments cheaply provided some quarantine services, individuals and private actors cheaply fled from infected areas and governed refugee camps. Responses in Memphis, one of the worst affected areas, further demonstrate that differences in these costs influence prevention externalities and how public and private entities respond to complex disease problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the metafictional narrative experimentations in Rabih Alameddine’s The Wrong End of the Telescope (2021). It underscores the experimentations of narrative discourse and its relation in exposing the dilemmas, pains and sorrows of refugees who are displaced and settle in a Greek refugee camp in Lesbos. The refugee camp has become a spatial location for memorizing traumatic scenes and remembering war-related psychological wounds. Rabih Alameddine is a Lebanese-American diasporic novelist, and an Anglophone Arab writer. In The Wrong End of the Telescope, Alameddine unveils the dilemmas, disorientations, traumatic disorders, severe anxieties, and the depression of displaced refugees. Moreover, Alameddine defies the conventional technique of narration and entails diversions, contours, detours, and digressions. He experiments with the literary parameters and techniques to create a centrifuge of humanistic and socio-political spaces. Moreover, there are fragmented narratives and overlapping, blurring spatial and temporal boundaries. Thus, Alameddine plays with the imagination of the readers and sweeps over places through various spaces of displaced characters’ tragic stories. The Wrong End of the Telescope vividly represents traumas and memories associated with refugees witnessing life-threatening events accompanied by fear, helplessness, and horror. They experience repetitive violent memories, monstrous flashbacks, and nightmares of living through wars, the loss of loved ones, and the displacement from their homeland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The editorial in the PoLAR journal reflects on the concept of "thick solidarity" in political and legal anthropology, emphasizing empathy without glossing over differences. The editors discuss their experiences and successes over the past three years, highlighting collaborative efforts to address urgent contemporary issues. The editorial also acknowledges the challenges faced in navigating structural constraints and evolving publishing expectations, while emphasizing the importance of maintaining political and legal anthropology research in volatile times. The issue features articles on security, citizenship, policing, and courtroom linguistics, offering new perspectives on classic topics in the field. [Extracted from the article]

The localization of humanitarian operations is commonly characterized as a return of ownership to local and national actors. Localization policies in Kenya have made refugee‐led community‐based organizations a viable alternative for humanitarian provisioning. Simultaneously, localization facilitated the ongoing enlargement of the Kenyan state into refugee management. Incidentally, the Kenyan state has introduced limitations on community‐based organizations' international funding and registration through a verification process. Drawing on 12 months of ethnographic research in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya, this article explores how community‐based organizations mediate Kenyan state control through verification. The article develops the concept of "stateness" to examine how refugee actors claim legitimacy as a state function. Stateness is generated by members of community‐based organizations through practices involving fellow refugees and Kenyan state actors. Using stateness, this article seeks to draw attention to how refugees can become a part of wider state apparatus and shape how the state is constituted within the camp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on the psychological impact of living in the Samos refugee camp through the perspectives of humanitarian workers and volunteers. Utilizing a qualitative research design, data were collected via semistructured interviews, participant observation, and photographic analysis. Findings revealed that the camp's dire conditions, characterized by overcrowding, inadequate hygiene and health care, and prolonged asylum processes, significantly contributed to mental health issues among refugees, including anxiety, depression, and hopelessness. Results also highlighted the resilience and coping strategies employed by residents facing these challenges, such as supportive community networks and self-organized activities. This study advocates for policy reforms to improve the living conditions and mental well-being of refugees, underscoring the need for comprehensive support interventions. Overall, this research contributes to the growing body of literature on the mental health impacts of displacement and the importance of addressing these within humanitarian responses. Public Significance Statement: This study suggests that living in a refugee camp and going through a lengthy and uncertain asylum process contribute to major mental health implications among refugees. This can inform future psychological interventions and public policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refugees living in Aysaita camp in Ethiopia and Dadaab in Kenya struggle to meet their own basic needs. Despite severe hardship, interviewees describe sharing the little they have with others in more severe need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence-based early intervention programs for children at risk of developing psychological problems after exposure to armed conflict have been recommended as a major component in the treatment of psychosocial problems. This study examines the efficacy of a pilot school-based mindfulness intervention (SMI) and its impact on the social, emotional, and behavioral outcomes of war-affected refugee preschool children living in a refugee camp in Türkiye. A single-blind randomized controlled trial with pre-test and post-test design was employed. A total of 76 participants (born in 2013) were randomized by the school into the 6-week intervention (n = 38) or the control group (n = 38). Measures included the State Self-Esteem Scale, Early Childhood Social Skill Measure, and the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-Revised. GLM repeated-measures ANOVA (p < 0,05) analysis showed positive effects of SMI on social skills (F = 126.06, p < 0.05, η2 = 0.63), self-esteem (F = 72.08, p < 0.05, η2 = 0.49) and resilience (F = 4.33, p < 0.05, η2 = 0.05) over time for the intervention group as compared to controls. Significant reductions in social and emotional problems were found for children who reported high levels of introversion in the pre-test. Pilot study results support SMI as a promising intervention for psychosocial problems that can reduce stress and anxiety symptoms among children exposed to armed conflict and forced migration. Highlights: A school-based mindfulness intervention (SMI) was developed for refugee children born in 2013 living in a refugee camp in Türkiye. A single-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine the effect of 6 weeks of SMI on children in the intervention group (n = 38) compared to children in the control group (n = 38) living in the refugee camp. SMI improved self-esteem, social skills, and resilience for refugee children living in a camp setting. The SMI, with its content and implementation structure, can be integrated into the regular school system to support refugee children's psychological development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores Palestinian refugeeness to argue for a more complex understanding of refugee subjectivity. The subjectivities of Palestinian refugees – and especially of those from the refugee camps – have been informed by their participation in national politics. Therefore, Palestinian refugees, while embodying experiences of violence, displacement and exclusion much like other refugee communities, have also been emphatically seen through their political agencies. In this article, I aim to complicate the emphasis on political subjectivity and explore Palestinian refugee subjectivity as complex, multidimensional, and contradictory. By narrating ethnographic encounters with two of my interlocutors, I demonstrate that subjectivities emerge not only from their politicized position as Palestinian refugees nor from the camp spaces they dwell in but from their complex and mundane relationalities that are neither static nor coherent. By emphasizing this fluid complexity, the aim is to acknowledge refugee subjectivities as multidimensional and fragile formations imbued with internal tensions that emerge from multiple and contradictory desires and from a sense of self that is not reducible to refugeeness. Las prácticas fronterizas geopolíticas afectan no sólo a los migrantesy refugiados, sino también a los animales, al medio ambiente y a lascomunidades indígenas. Pero las fronteras metafóricas tambiénexisten en el interior y se imponen a todos. Estas incluyen fronteras emocionales, psíquicas y culturales que limitan las libertades. Esteartículo examina las solidaridades potenciales y las políticasmultiescalar para construir una praxis abolicionista arraigada enesta noción expansiva de fronteras y nuestras luchas colectivas paracruzarlas o abolirlas por completo. Examina la exposición de arteBorderXerde la artista estadounidense Patricia Vázquez Gómez, expuesta porprimera vez en Portland, Oregón, EE. UU., en 2019, para desarrollarun análisis geográfico de los "borderXers" (cruza-fronteras)que operan a escalas que van desde la carne y cuerpo, la comunidad, yhasta lo transnacional. La artista utiliza material fotográfico,instalación, texto y de video para conectar las propias experienciasdel público sobre las fronteras impuestas en sus cuerpos y psiquescon las geografías materiales de las zonas fronterizas entre EstadosUnidos y México. Estas fronteras limitan tanto la libertad demovimiento como la libertad de estar en relación y comunidad con losdemás. Estas obras perturban las nociones de dominio de fronteras yrevelan posibilidades para rehacer las relacionalidades fronterizasexcluyentes. Sostengo que la estética de la exposición desarrollauna perspectiva abolicionista sobre las fronteras que excede losllamados explícitos del artista a "fronteras abiertas". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many countries that lack the resources and/or political will to settle and integrate refugees among citizens pursue refugee encampment. At the heart of encampment is the categorization of populations according to the sedentarist dictates of the nation-state governance framework. As people who are categorized as de-territorialized bodies, refugees are subject to a peculiar form of governance which is sustained by ubiquity of refugee encampment around the world. This is the case whether in the Global South, where encampment has featured in refugee hosting for decades or in the Global North, where growing numbers of refugees in recent years have led to re-introduction of camps epitomized by anchor facilities, among others. This article argues that refugee encampment is underpinned by categorization, which separates refugees from other migrants as well as the displaced from the emplaced. Despite encampment's separation of refugees from citizens in line with the sedentarist inclinations of the nation-state, encampment in protracted situations has morphed into permanent settlements leading to informal and unofficial re-territorialization through refugee activities that challenge the logic of encampment. This and refugees' self-initiated relocation to spaces outside the camps have blurred the line between the displaced and the emplaced, thus demonstrating how refugees mediate the intended outcomes of migration categorizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral cholera vaccination (OCV) campaigns are increasingly used to prevent cholera outbreaks; however, little is known about their cost-effectiveness in refugee camps. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of a pre-emptive OCV campaign in the Maela refugee camp in Thailand, where outbreaks occurred with an annual incidence rate (IR) of up to 10.7 cases per 1000. Data were collected via health sector records and interviews and household interviews. In the base-case scenario comparing the OCV campaign with no campaign, we estimated the campaign effect on the cholera IR and case fatality rate (CFR: 0.09%) from a static cohort model and calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for the outcomes of death, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and cases averted. In sensitivity analyses, we varied the CFR and IR. The household economic cost of illness was USD 21, and the health sector economic cost of illness was USD 51 per case. The OCV campaign economic cost was USD 289,561, 42% attributable to vaccine costs and 58% to service delivery costs. In our base case, the incremental cost was USD 1.9 million per death averted, USD 1745 per case averted, and USD 69,892 per DALY averted. Sensitivity analyses that increased the CFR to 0.35% or the IR to 10.4 cases per 1000 resulted in a cost per DALY of USD 15,666. The low multi-year average CFR and incidence of the cholera outbreaks in the Maela camp were key factors associated with the high cost per DALY averted. However, the sensitivity analyses indicated higher cost-effectiveness in a setting with a higher CFR or cholera incidence, indicating when to consider campaign use to reduce the outbreak risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The State adopted the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) in 2018 to consolidate the International Refugee Protection Regime (IRPR). Drawing on International Relations (IR) theories and international law, different perspectives can be taken on the nature of the GCR and the IRPR, and their legal and non-legal relationship. The lack of a universally accepted definition for the IRPR allows for various interpretations, ranging from narrow positivism to broad global governance and self-organisation approaches. Similarly, the legal status of the GCR can be seen as non-law, soft law, or fully binding law depending on the criteria used. Applying realist, liberal, and constructivist theories, this article argues that the GCR's anticipated legal and political development and its impact on the IRPR will be influenced by the chosen IR paradigm, reflecting different views on the rule of international law and power dynamics among stakeholders. By examining the case study of Kenya as a host of a protracted refugee operation, the article provides a practical illustration of how different IR lenses offer divergent perspectives on international burden and responsibility sharing in the Global South. This analysis aims to provide a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the complex relationship between the GCR and the IRPR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the experiences of forced displacement in Cold-War Greece and the challenges faced by those in unfamiliar environments. The author argues that studying the ecologies of displacement can offer insights into climate adaptation and mitigation. Specifically, the article focuses on the exile of individuals to Greek islands during the mid-twentieth century and how they utilized non-human elements of nature to resist and survive their displacement. The author emphasizes the significance of recognizing the diverse aspects of these ecologies and their potential relevance in navigating climate change. The text highlights the resourcefulness of women exiles on Trikeri island, who used plants and natural materials for various purposes, such as creating bedding, utensils, and gifts. These acts of utilizing plants for survival and resistance demonstrate the collective strength, resilience, and dignity of these women. The text also underscores the importance of understanding the relationships between displaced communities and their environment, as they can serve as models for resilience in the face of climate change-induced inequality. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Globally, teenage pregnancy is a public health problem. Low- and middle-income countries in the Sub-Saharan region are more affected with teenage pregnancy. It is worse with teenage girls who have other vulnerabilities like living in refugee camps. However, there is little information about teenage pregnancy in refugee camps especially in resource limited areas like Northern Uganda. Objective: To determine the prevalence and the factors associated with teenage pregnancy among refugees in Palabek refugee settlement, Northern Uganda. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among teenage girls in Palabek refugee settlement in Northern Uganda. The study estimated a total sample size of 316 teenage girls and they were sampled using systematic random sampling. Data was collected using researcher administered questionnaire. Conditional logistics regression was employed to identify the associated factors for teenage pregnancy. Results: A total of 306 teenagers participated in the study with a response rate of 98.6%. The study showed that the prevalence of teenage pregnancy among teenage girls in Palabek refugee settlement, Northern Uganda was 41.2%. The factors associated with teenage pregnancy among teenage girls in Palabek refugee settlement included: being in the 15–19 years age group (AOR = 6.3, 95%CI: 1.8–22.8), not being in school (AOR = 5, 95%CI: 2.3–10.9), not being married (AOR = 0.2, 95%CI: 0.1–0.5), delayed sexual debut (AOR = 2.4, 95%CI: 1.1–5.5), having multiple sexual partners (AOR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1–0.7), alcohol use (AOR = 6.7, 95%CI: 2.2–18.4), being aware of sexual reproductive health services (AOR = 0.4, 95%CI: 0.2–0.9), and having divorced families (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.2–4.9). Conclusion: Study results reveal that 4 in 10 teenage girls in Palabek, Northern Uganda, are pregnant, influenced by individual, community, and health system factors. This highlights vulnerabilities in refugee camps, urging prioritization of sexual and reproductive health for adolescent girls in refugee camps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

“: Home” is both a physical location and a space of important emotional and social attachments. Often associated with safety and familiarity, homes are also places where power inequalities may be reinforced. Contrary to human rights treaties stipulating the right of refugees to live in shelters that meet their basic needs, adolescent refugees in Jordan often reside in poor-quality housing within built environments that do not foster their wellbeing. Yet despite a burgeoning literature on refugee “homemaking”, little is known about how young refugees in Jordan perceive and respond to challenges in the built environment. This article addresses this knowledge gap, focusing on how gender norms are configured within “homemaking” practices. It draws on qualitative interviews with 31 adolescents in diverse locations: Syrians living in a formal refugee camp (Azraq), host communities, and informal tented settlements, and Palestinians without citizenship living in Jerash camp. Our findings show that refugee adolescents in Jordan face intersecting challenges, including poor access to services, inadequate housing infrastructure and sanitation, and safety concerns. These challenges vary based on location and are shaped by gender norms that influence access to spaces both inside and outside the household. Although adaptation methods can make homes more livable in terms of safety, aesthetics and practicality, these adaptations often reinforce gender norms that restrict girls’ mobility. This article concludes by underscoring that although refugees can make small changes to address immediate needs, structural responses which address gender inequalities and improve social protection support are essential to improving young refugees’ lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the activism and care work of Rohingya women in displacement settings, focusing on grassroots efforts in Cox’s Bazar refugee camps and transnational advocacy by diaspora activists. Drawing on 43 in-depth interviews and applying a feminist ethics of care framework, we argue that these women's activism constitutes a form of radical care that challenges both neoliberal humanitarian practices and repressive state policies. Rohingya women activists forge networks of solidarity and empowerment that extend beyond conventional humanitarian interventions, providing emotional support and shared experiences that contribute to the social ecology of care for refugee women. Their grassroots work contests the neoliberal emphasis on individual self-reliance, instead highlighting the vital role of relational care in fostering collective resilience. However, these activists face significant risks from multiple sources, including state repression, community backlash, and online harassment. They employ strategies such as ‘strategic invisibility’ and digital activism to navigate these dangers. Despite the transformative potential of their work, it remains systematically undervalued, leaving activists vulnerable to burnout and depletion. By centering the experiences and agency of Rohingya women, this study reveals a complex landscape of resistance, care, and empowerment, offering insights into how refugee women create change amidst intersecting forms of oppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges and access to SRH services among internally displaced persons (IDPs) in two Nigerian states: Benue (North-central) and Kaduna (Northwest). The research focuses on understanding how different contexts and variation in the management of displacement in these contexts influence SRH outcomes for IDPs and use of SRH services within and outside camp settings. We conducted face-to-face survey interviews with 581 sexually active IDPs residing in camps for at least 6 months. The questionnaire covered contraception, gender-based violence, sexually transmitted infection (STI) services, and SRH service utilization. Our findings reveal significant contextual differences between the two states. Benue reported higher rates of transactional sex, while Kaduna had higher rates of intimate partner violence and contraceptive use. SRH service use was generally higher in Benue than in Kaduna. We found statistically higher odds of SRH service use one camp in Benue (β = 2.7; p < 0.001) and significantly lower odds in a camp in Kaduna ((β = 0.1; p < 0.001) in comparison with a camp in Benue. By showing how different approaches may shape displaced persons' access to SRH services within and outside camps, our study highlights the importance of understanding the nuances in humanitarian contexts in designing responses. This study provides valuable insights into the SRH needs and experiences of IDPs in different Nigerian contexts, informing targeted interventions and policies to improve service provision for displaced populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the development of a human-centered shelter design tailored to meet the specific needs of refugees in the Al-Sahel Region. It focuses on five essential aspects of humanitarian-centered design. The goal is to create a livable unit that accommodates the three distinct phases of an emergency, transitional, and durable situation. We have adopted a non-linear design approach to develop the refugee shelter unit. We engage in discussions with team experts following each data collection phase. The conceptual design of the shelter unit is intended to align with the refugee settlement's natural growth while maintaining a degree of control over its evolution. We have outlined a spatial configuration for a residential unit designed for three to six individuals and various patio options. Additionally, we have devised plans for an education and healthcare facility, all designed with the same structure to bring a more organized approach to the organic growth of the camp. The design proposal adopts a process-oriented approach, incorporating refugees indirectly in the design and construction of their shelters. While we do not assert that the framework of a 'refugee camp' can be sustainable, our goal is to show that its planning, in the absence of alternatives, should adhere to sustainability criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Homo Sovieticus Washed Ashore: A Research Agenda for Studying the Second Wave of the Russian Emigration" by Benjamin Tromly explores the experiences of Soviet citizens who left the country during World War II. These individuals, known as the second wave of emigrants, faced challenges such as forced displacement, wartime collaboration, and the struggle to avoid repatriation. The article highlights the complex identities, political activities, and cultural interactions of these emigrants, shedding light on how Soviet subjects adapted to new environments and grappled with issues of national identity and political culture. Researchers can explore these themes by examining personal papers, archives, and historical sources related to the second-wave emigrants. [Extracted from the article]

To prevent an intergenerational cycle of malfunction, it is crucial to understand how mothers' exposure to traumatic war experiences contributes to their children's vulnerability to mental health problems. This study examined the role of maternal psychopathology and mother–child emotional availability (EA) in the association between mothers' trauma exposure and children's mental health problems in a sample of 222 Burundian mother–child dyads living in refugee camps in Tanzania. Maternal and child EA were assessed through recorded observations of mother–child interactions. In structured clinical interviews, mothers reported on their lifetime exposure to traumatic events and their psychopathology and both mothers and fathers reported on children's emotional and behavioral problems. Structural equation modeling showed that mothers' higher trauma exposure was indirectly associated with higher levels of children's mental health problems through higher levels of maternal psychopathology. Mothers' higher trauma exposure was also directly associated with lower maternal EA in mother–child interactions, which was in turn related to higher levels of children's mental health problems. The findings suggest that trauma exposure independently affects mothers' mental health and their EA, which can contribute to children's mental health problems. Interventions aiming to reduce mothers' psychopathology and strengthen their EA may be beneficial for children's well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the experiences of a group of colleagues in Ottawa during a genocide, focusing on their efforts to address the ongoing genocide in Palestine through poetry, dance, and activism. The group faced challenges in discussing the genocide on their university campus and in the community, but found ways to forge connections and resist settler-colonial violence through creative expressions. The article highlights the importance of solidarity, resistance, and honoring Palestinian life in the face of repression and attempts to silence discussions about the genocide. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value and performance of of the QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) test with the tuberculosis skin test (TST) as a screening test for tuberculosis in Yezidi refugees. The study involved 100 adults who had migrated to our country and were currently residing in refugee camp. The Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) screening test was conducted using the Monteoux method and the size of induration above 15 mm with BCG scars and above 10 mm without BCG scars were considered as positive. The QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus test was performed using the interferon-gamma release detection method. In the study, 49 out of the included individuals (52.1%) tested positive for the QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus test, while 59 individuals (62.8%) tested positive for TST. Of the participants, 43 (45.7%) were positive for both TST and QFT-Plus, 9 (9%) were positive for TST but negative for QFT-Plus, and 6 (6%) were negative for TST but positive for QFT-Plus. The study found a positive correlation between the results of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus and TST. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were 82.6% and 85.7%, respectively, when evaluated according to TST. We can recommend QFT-Plus test for the detection of latent tuberculosis infection as an alternative to TST in refugees populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the complexity of studying the coloniality of humanitarianism and present‐day relationships of power and authority in refugee settings. Building on 13 months of fieldwork, it presents an ethnographic account of the 2018 refugee corruption scandal in Uganda and the Nakivale Refugee Settlement. The core of this paper's argument is based on a grounded analysis of how 'the saga' not only exposed corruptive practices in the country's refugee programme, but also the meanings of being 'human' and what this implies for making claims to humanitarian authority. The paper asserts that the way in which the scandal unravelled in the (inter)national media, and how it affected sociopolitical tensions in the camp, revealed a deeply fraught conception of both human and humanitarian duality, embedded in a coloniality of power. Ultimately, power imbalances, frictions, and conflicts between national, international, and refugee actors highlighted a deep‐rooted and historical struggle for humanity and legitimate humanitarian authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to assess household and child dietary diversity in Southern Somalia by identifying determinants of adequate dietary diversity in three internally displaced person (IDP) camps in Baidoa, Dayniile and Dharkanley. A total of 1655 female main caregivers with 2370 children (6–59 months old) were included. Data on household dietary diversity score and child dietary diversity score indicators were collected from all households. The questionnaire was read face‐to‐face to the female main caregivers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with adequate dietary diversity, which was defined as the consumption of at least four food groups within 24 h before the survey. The proportion of households achieving adequate HDDS was high in all locations 95.8%, 96.9% and 89.0% in Baidoa, Dharkanley and Dayniile, respectively, and the total adequate household dietary diversity score (AHDDS) was 95.6%. The proportion of adequate child dietary diversity score (ACDDS) was achieved in 63.5%, 8.5% and 38.3%. The main factors associated with AHDDS were larger household size, greater wealth, attendance of antenatal care (ANC) and joint decision‐making between husband and wife, while factors associated with ACDDS included ANC attendance, age, the consumption of ready‐to‐use therapeutic food and deworming tablets. These findings can guide future programmes and policies aimed at improving maternal and child nutrition in IDP camps in Somalia. By tackling these diverse factors, a promising pathway emerges to enhance the nutritional welfare of both households and children in IDP camps. Key messages: We found a discrepancy between household and child dietary diversity scores in internally displaced person camps in Southern Somalia, while household scores were high, child scores were low. Bridging this gap is crucial for translating varied diets into improved child nutrition outcomes.Larger household size, wealth and joint decision‐making between male and female adults in the household impact dietary diversity. Developing targeted nutrition education can promote better nutrition.Given the benefits of antenatal care for both maternal and child dietary diversity, maternal nutrition education during antenatal visits should cover breastfeeding and complementary feeding choices, thus enhancing child nutrition. Timely complementary feeding, ready‐to‐use therapeutic food use and deworming treatments are also linked to improved dietary diversity. With these insights, policymakers can create comprehensive interventions for early feeding, maternal health and child nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conflict and displacement are gendered processes which impact women in refugee communities in various ways. The following case study, in a small refugee camp in Chennai, explores whether the design of a small refugee camp allows for increased mobility among women and a different position for female refugees in the community. Findings from a two-year long study, including participant observations, FGDs and interviews, show that Rohingya women gained social mobility by accessing schools, market places, health centers and the police station outside the camp. Through such interactions, women gained skills and knowledge which somewhat altered their position in the camp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the role that communication and media interventions can play in fostering social cohesion among displaced populations in camp settings through a review of both practical and theoretical notions in this area. The multiple definitions available in the literature on social cohesion do not come to a consensus on what this concept means. Yet, despite this lack of substance, reflecting on social cohesion in contexts of displacement has been a prevalent topic. Horizontal social cohesion, which is critical in protracted situations of encampment, is defined by UNHCR as the bond that 'hold(s) people together within a community'. While a number of studies have focused on the social connection between host and displaced people, scarce attention has been paid to the dynamics and social fractures among displaced communities themselves. Yet, tensions both within and between groups of displaced people may be equally, if not more important to social cohesion than relationships with other groups. In order to begin to address this gap, a communication-based framework for humanitarian and development work on social cohesion in refugee camps is presented. Ultimately, the aim of this article is to offer a starting point for humanitarian agencies working in refugee camps to articulate the adoption of a communication-driven approach in their social cohesion programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the new ethical guidance for conducting research involving refugee populations, emphasizing the need for special protections akin to those for other vulnerable groups. Topics discussed include the unique trauma and vulnerabilities of refugees, strategies for ensuring informed consent while minimizing harm, and the importance of involving the refugee community in the research process.

Mourning the murder of Nahel Merzouk by the French police and the drowning of 750 human beings by the Greek coastguard's recklessness, we argue that the erosion of human rights at the EU's external borders is being co-constituted by an analogous erosion within its internal borders. To establish this connection, we re-conceptualise the EUropean b/ordering regime as a network of fractal borderscapes characterised by a selective criminalisation of mobility that reproduces longstanding racist prejudice along socio-spatial borderlines. We argue that the proliferation of these spaces of exception is degenerating into a state of exception: a polity's self-destructive tendency to replace the rule of law for legalised despotism. Such autoimmune reaction, we claim, is rooted in borderism: a spectacle that misshapes geography into spurious antagonisms epitomised by national and civilisational dichotomies ("friends" and "foes"), thus creating a hyperreality that breeds racism, spatialises apartheid and exacerbates animosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LGBTIQ individuals in Syrian refugee camps face discrimination, violence, and inadequate protection. Protection policies are often too generalized and fail to consider the specific vulnerabilities of LGBTIQ individuals, increasing the risk of gender-based violence and homophobia. The research titled The International Response to the Syrian Refugee Crisis: A Queer Feminist Analysis of Protection Gaps and the Needs of LGBTIQ Individuals in Refugee Camps uses a qualitative method by conducting a journal review. The results show that healthcare services, legal assistance, and psychosocial support in refugee camps are often unresponsive to the specific needs of the LGBTIQ group, further hindering their access to protection and care. Although international organizations and civil society organizations have made efforts to provide support to LGBTIQ refugees, these responses are often poorly coordinated and limited by a lack of resources. Stronger advocacy, training for camp staff, and the implementation of more inclusive policies are needed to protect the rights of LGBTIQ individuals in refugee camps. This study recommends a Queer Feminist approach to create protection policies that are more sensitive and responsive to LGBTIQ needs, with a focus on developing safe complaint mechanisms and improving access to healthcare and mental support services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the ways in which forceful migration and humanitarian regulations in exile, have prompted redefinitions of gender roles and relations in Bellah families in the refugee camp of Abala, Niger. These include transformations in relations between the Bellah and their former masters, relations between Bellah men and women, and intergenerational relations between Bellah elders and children. The article proposes to view this development as a new sequence in the reformulations of the Bellah 's family structures, relations, and household economy that began under colonial rule. By probing these complex processes of changes in Bellah family relations, this article places, simultaneously, the empirical focus of a study of gender relations on men and women and elders and youth. It departs from and supplements accounts in gender studies that focus either only on women or men, or else on intergenerational tensions among elderly men and youth. The analysis draws its influence from studies that conceive of gender as the very process of structuring subjectivities and social positionalities through the performances of certain roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]