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As we consider the growing number of children from immigrant and refugee backgrounds that our schools serve, the importance of fostering anti-racist educators through teacher education is of the utmost importance. While anti-racist work can be a challenging and ongoing personal journey for every educator, engaging teacher education students with diverse children's and adolescent literature can lead to meaningful self-reflection that can foster empathy and global competence. This article shares how online university course modules were designed, with funding from the Longview Foundation, to support pre- and in-service educators to engage with children's and adolescent literature centered on the lived stories of immigrant and refugee families through scaffolded reading and thinking protocols as a model for using literature to encourage empathy and global competence with young learners. Pre- and in-service teachers reported several benefits, including an increased awareness of the importance of diverse literature, deepened self-reflection and empathy, and meaningful connections to classroom practice, thereby benefiting educators and their learners alike.

In the last decade, Europe has welcomed numerous migrants and refugees from Arab countries. The presence of these migrants and refugees in schools has posed the challenge of unfamiliar realities for teaching staff. The issue has been addressed from the perspectives of sociology to psychology, providing insights into the nature of intercultural education. Few studies have delved into pupils' cultural backgrounds, and the history of one's country of origin is seldom regarded as a decisive factor in the formation of identity. The Arabic-speaking Moroccan and Syrian communities are the most significant and have interesting histories and education systems. Using Nussbaum's (2010) multifactorial analysis, this research aims to better understand the educational background of Arabic-speaking pupils, focusing on humanities and religious education of those from Morocco and Syria. The methodology embodies qualitative empirical research conducted in Europe that addressed the main factor identified by Nussbaum (2010). The results show the education experience of Syrian and Moroccan pupils was affected by their home country education policies, especially where minority and relationship issues with Europe, the West and Israel were concerned.

Cultural brokers play a critical role of helping researchers navigate cultural and language barriers to gain insight into communities. This paper focuses on one cultural broker who helped facilitate community-based research among the refugee community. Her professionalism, expertise and knowledge of the community made her a valuable resource for both the researchers and the community. This work acknowledges the position of power and privilege that cultural brokers hold in community research.

In the context of an established research-practice partnership with the Hope Resource Center, we piloted The Stories Project, a narrative inquiry study alongside refugee-background youth workers and U.S.-born community members. Our inquiry explored the process by which storytelling could be used to humanize and advocate for refugee-background youth in the United States. Data sources included interviews, dialogue session recordings, participant artifacts, and researcher memos. Findings centered the voices of refugee-background youth workers as they honored each other's unique perspectives and life experiences as well as recognized each other's shared humanity. Collectively, the youth workers identified the importance of being vulnerable, humanizing the refugee experience, and building advocacy as ways to promote social change.

Student translators at the College of Language Sciences take a Media and Political Translation course in which they translate the latest news stories, media and political texts and terminology. This study proposes a model for integrating Gaza-Israeli war terminology and texts in translation instruction to familiarize the students with terminology such as names of weapons (grenades, mortar, drones, missiles, Merkava, Cornet anti-armor, mortar shells), toponyms(Khan Younis, Maghazi, Sderot, Ashkelon), crossings (Rafah, Erez), Jihadist groups and brigades (Islamic Jihad, Golani), military actions (incursion, bombing, shelling, genocide, displacement) war metaphors (target bank, carpet bombing, scorched earth, fire belt, Philadelphia Axis, Hannibal's plan), (UNRWA, Gaza hospitals, starvation, humanitarian aid) and others. English and Arabic texts can be collected from mainstream media as RT, BBC, CNN, Al-Jazeera and Al-Ghad. A class blog can be created for posting translations, corrections, discussions, and feedback. The students can practice full, summary, and conceptual translation and avoid word-for-word translation. They can watch news stories about the Gaza-Israel war, write a summary translation of it and receive comments and feedback. Beginners can translate short news excerpts (few lines). Students make sure their translations are cohesive, make sense and are easy to read. Students should use Google Translate and artificial intelligence (AI) with caution and should read the same news story in both English and Arabic to get used to the terminology and their equivalents. The instructor serves as a facilitator. Further instructional guidelines and recommendations are given.

The sudden and unexpected war in Ukraine led to a large flow of citizens displaced abroad. Almost half of them are preschool- and school-age children. The peculiarities of their adaptation to the educational environment of another country necessitates the study of the main aspects of adaptation in these conditions. The aim is to identify the psychological and pedagogical aspects of adaptation to the educational environment of another country of school-age refugee children. The research included the use of surveys, questionnaires (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ), analysis of official information sources. The research found that the studied 203 children relocated to other countries have high rates of adaptation to the educational environment. Their performance indicators improved, high satisfaction with school, teachers, and relationships with classmates was revealed. The SDQ found a low overall level of adjustment difficulties (M=16.3, SD=1.9). The study showed that, in general, displaced Ukrainian children have high rates of adaptation to the educational space of other countries. They are emotionally stable, sociable, moderately hyperactive, have no behavioural disorders, and have high prosocial behaviour. The obtained results can contribute to the development of a programme to support Ukrainian children of immigrants to the educational environment of other countries, which will contribute to their psychological and pedagogical adaptation to it.

This research aims to analyze language patterns in hate speech found in comments on YouTube about Rohingya refugees in Thailand and Syrian refugees in Europe. Data were collected from 4,113 comments in Thai and 13,960 comments in English and appeared on a video-sharing website specifically from news clips about Rohingya refugees in Thailand during the year 2015- 2019 and news on Syrian refugees in Europe during 2013-2019. After applying critical discourse analysis theory on the data, three types of hate speech were found: 1) name calling; 2) verb phrases; and 3) modifiers. The hate speech addresses race, religion, gender, body shape, taste, potential, ability, and individual or group identity. There were five types of name-calling, namely regarding race, religion, threats, animals/evil, and being unwanted; three types of verbs, namely danger/threats, behaviors/actions, and eviction/expulsion; and two types of modifiers, namely degrading quality and degree intensity. The three sets of vocabulary equally form hate speech in Thai and in English. In both languages, refugees are portrayed as villains, devalued as unwanted, dangerous, and offensive. Modifiers are used to magnify the degree of intensity driven by the underlying emotional implications.

Purpose: This study considers the pedagogical dimensions of an event concept ]that combined participatory theatre and social scientific research to approach questions relating to ethnic relations and racism. The article aims to establish, with the help of a practical case example, the notion of public social pedagogy. Approach: Ethnographic research on 24 participatory theatrical events. The analysis utilizes the taxonomy of public pedagogy by Gert Biesta to provide an empirically informed theoretical 'autopsy' of the events. Findings: The analysis shows the pedagogical and societal importance of fostering encounters, encouraging communal discussion and nurturing dialogic competencies. "Public social pedagogy" would specifically address pedagogical processes relating to the public sphere, which revives the tradition of public deliberation. Practical implications: The study directs attention to pedagogical processes within the public sphere which have not been very prominent in social pedagogy or citizenship education. The autopsy of the participatory theatrical events provides perspectives for similar artistic interventions.

Increasing access for underrepresented cohorts to higher education has long been a priority internationally, and Australia is no exception. While universities offer a range of services in the areas of Equity, Career Development and Academic Advising (ECDAA) to support student success, there is little understanding of how these student-facing support staff are supported to work with diverse student cohorts. This is particularly the case when working with cultural and linguistic marginalised (CALM) students such as international students, refugees or migrants. This article examines the differing levels of knowledge and experience ECDAA practitioners' have in working with culturally and linguistically diverse students in Australian universities, and the challenges practitioners face in accessing professional development to support them in their roles. While the importance of tailoring support services to meet the needs of diverse student cohorts is recognised, our findings highlight the need to provide ongoing professional development to support practitioners in the delivery of nuanced support services to CALM students.

This article analyzes whether response patterns in surveys differ between the general population, regular immigrants, and recent refugees. Analyses show that the address quality of refugees contacted in the first wave of a panel study is worse than that of the general population, but of a similar quality to that of other recent immigrants. Once contacted, people in refugee households are more willing than others to participate in the first wave. In subsequent waves, this pattern changes. Address quality remains relatively low, and the motivation to participate deteriorates and is worse in comparison with other populations. However, Cox regression models of individual response behaviour reveal that this is mostly a composition effect. When socio-demographic and interviewer characteristics are taken into account, refugees have a lower risk of attrition than other immigrants, but they have a similar risk as the general population. This article provides important insights for the implementation of research about recent immigrants and refugees into ongoing panel studies.

Schools have been considered critical institutions for refugee youth. However, Muslim refugee youth experience challenges navigating schools during an increasingly hostile sociopolitical climate for Muslim people. Drawing on the adolescent development framework, this phenomenological study explores how school-based experiences help to shape Muslim refugee youths' identities. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 refugee youth who attended high schools in Chicago. Findings highlight how Muslim refugee youth expressed negative feelings of school and overall adjustment to their local communities due to stereotypes or perceptions of them being "terrorists" or "violent," which often translated into discrimination and bullying directed at them at the school level. Second, Muslim refugee youth expressed a desire to be civically engaged in their schools and communities to demonstrate their capacity to be "good citizens" or active participants with a high moral compass. Recommendations are offered on how to support Muslim refugee youth in school settings.

Currently, refugee Ukrainian learners are attending German mainstream schools, leading to an even more diverse student population. Given that the German school system is committed to provide inclusive education for all, this study aims to examine how teachers address Ukrainian students learning needs by means of differentiated instruction. To this end, a qualitative study was conducted in which eight elementary school and advanced secondary school teachers were interviewed. Findings revealed that refugee Ukrainian students in German mainstream schools are taught alongside German students, but are also placed in separated classrooms. Additionally, they occasionally participate in remote learning via Zoom from Ukraine. Furthermore, teachers reported using more frequently tiered assignments or peer tutoring systems. In contrast, practices such as mastery learning or open education are seldomly implemented. Implications of the results, as well as limitations and further lines of research are discussed.

Since the beginning of the civil war in Syria, Türkiye has been receiving millions of Syrian refugees. Based on the reports of the Ministry of National Education (MONE) of Türkiye, more than one million refugees in Türkiye are of school age. Children are one of the most affected groups from the refugee flow. The literature indicated that lack of communication and language skills, limited support by parents, and economic and cultural differences were educational challenges that typically developing Syrian refugee children in Türkiye have been experiencing. However, very few studies have explored the educational issues that Syrian refugee children with disabilities have been experiencing. This study was conducted to contribute to the literature by exploring the educational challenges that Syrian refugee children with disabilities have been experiencing. Structured and semistructured interviews were conducted with eight parents of refugee children with disabilities and eight teachers of the students. Findings of the present study indicated that most of the educational issues that children with disabilities have been experiencing were the same as those experienced by typically developing Syrian refugee children. These common issues included language and communication barriers, cultural differences, and economic issues. The present study added that limited cooperation between parents and teachers, lack of educational materials designed for bilingual children with disabilities, and lack of expectations of parents from their children with disabilities were the issues that Syrian refugee children with disabilities have been experiencing. This study provides implications for practice and suggestions for future research.

It seems impossible to explain language choice and practice in the multilingual, understudied context of an asylum law firm by simply referring to official policy texts and linguistic (human) rights. Based on linguistic-ethnographic data (in the form of participant observations, recordings and interviews conducted in the Belgian context), this study integrates a top-down perspective (focusing on the influence of language management) with a bottom-up perspective (by eliciting the research participants' language attitudes and ideologies and by investigating what actually happens in practice). Approaching these different parameters of language policy from a discourse analytical perspective, shows how a clear framework of linguistic (human) rights to regulate lawyer-client communication is missing. Because of the lack of concrete stipulations on how to make language choice acts, interpretation of linguistic needs is left to the individual assessment of lawyers. This leads to highly situated decision-making practices, where lawyers draw on their own experience as well as the input of others to organise multilingual interaction. Although a top-down policy exists, practice shows a lack of regulation and transparency in the selection of linguistic strategies/support on the ground.

In this paper, we argue for the moral and not merely the legal right to education for refugee children. National education in many countries is challenged by refugee flows and influx of displaced people. However, there is a tendency to think of refugee flows as isolated events rather than parts of the dynamics of a world society that national education systems needs to respond responsibly to and build capacity for. Consequently, there is a gap between the legal right to education for refugee children and its practical realization, and granting refugee children access to national education systems is becoming part of the problem and not only a solution to the de-territorializing and cosmopolitan challenges of refugee flows and displaced people. We argue that education for children of refugees' need to meet with a cosmopolitan design of education in order to respond responsibly to the right to education for refugee children. In the first part, we discuss the legal right to education for refugee children, and moral challenges with regard to its practical realization in nation-centred school systems and schools. In the second part, we discuss de-territorializing effects of refugees in education by reviewing research on refugee education, refugee children's experiences of education and by discussing refugee education in Sweden as a case. In the final part, we discuss ideas for a cosmopolitan design of education. We argue for a moral commitment to the education of refugee children in order for us to respond responsibly to their legal and moral rights and situation, but also to the legal and moral rights, and situations of those affected in host countries. We also argue for the importance of critical cosmopolitan imagination in education that does not restrict education to norms of national loyalty and national integration, or to economic norms of competitiveness and effectiveness.

Education is a fundamental human right and essential to enable people to maximize their abilities to settle in a new country, adapt to a new environment, and become participating community members. As part of the challenges posed by immigration, the society aims to provide at least primary education to the children of immigrants. Statistical data show that in recent years, the number of students from other countries has increased in Slovenia. Slovenian educational institutions are confronted with a larger number of immigrant and refugee children with different cultural and linguistic backgrounds than Slovenian children. In order to explore what the challenges are in integrating immigrant students into Slovenian primary schools, we will try to answer the main research question of what challenges principals face in integrating immigrant children into primary education. This will be researched through an empirical analysis methodologically based on semi-structured interviews with school principals in selected primary schools.

This study examined the mediating roles of home learning environments and SES on early learning attainments of naturalised refugees in Tanzania using concurrent embedded mixed design. Data were collected by EGRA and EGMA, questionnaire and interviews. The sample were 400 grade one and grade two children (aged 70-86 months), 120 parents, eight teachers and four school principals. Findings indicated comparable early math and reading attainments of children from naturalised refugees/citizens and those of more advantaged urban majority. Family SES and HLE predicted early learning attainments while parental beliefs and expectations influenced it. There were gender divides in learning attainments across groups. These findings have policy, research and practice implications.

This case occurs in a Midwestern community that has received Afghan individuals and families. It explores the experiences of an Afghan mother and two children as they transition into U.S.-based schooling culture and norms as the children start elementary school. The family initially had the help of a K-12 liaison from a community-based organization. The case explores the cultural and religious identities of the family and how one school leader struggles to offer a space that acknowledges, values, and respects their identities. This case informs school leaders on best welcoming practices for newcomer students and their families in schools and communities.

In 2017, Rohingya people experienced forced migration from their native land of Myanmar to the neighbouring country of Bangladesh. They fled in massive numbers and took shelter in Cox's Bazar where they now live in a diaspora community. The qualitative study presented in this article aimed to illustrate and analyse the contemporary educational situation of the Rohingya community in Bangladesh, in light of Paulo Freire's and Henry A. Giroux's philosophies. Data were collected using document analysis, focus group discussions with 20 Rohingya community members, and in-depth interviews with three development workers, two Rohingya school teachers and a host country representative. Results were analysed and grouped into themes. The education of Rohingya appears to be in preparation for repatriation to their home country; however, the process and timeline remain uncertain. Meanwhile, their movement in Bangladesh is restricted, and they cannot go outside the refugee camps for any education or training purposes. They remain in a "culture of silence", including a lack of acknowledgement of their opinions and voices. Political hegemony, absence of democracy, structural inequality and the language barrier deprive these Rohingya of access to state education and job opportunities. Cooperation between the Bangladeshi government and international non-governmental organisations could help to empower Rohingya people to develop more awareness about the structural oppression and encourage their emancipation through education.

This paper explores the relationship between additional language (L2) literacy development and drama plays based on the experiences of adult refugees from Ukraine in Iceland. This inquiry is guided by the following questions: What are the learners' experiences and perceptions of drama classes in relation to their literacy development in Icelandic as an L2? What role might engaging in drama classes have when it comes to learners' sense of well-being? We employ a multiliteracies perspective, which has pluralised the traditional view of literacy and offered new insight into literacy teaching and learning by integrating multimodal, multi-sensorial, and critical practices into literacy education. The findings originate from a qualitative, interview-based study with five Ukrainian learners of a refugee background in Iceland. Findings suggest that learning Icelandic through drama afforded the learners an opportunity to learn Icelandic in creative, engaging, and meaningful ways. Furthermore, learning Icelandic through drama supported the enactment and development of essential capacities for personal and professional growth, such as open-mindedness, tolerance, respect, and collaboration. Many of the learners felt positively challenged to try out something new. This paper concludes with a discussion on the importance of critical, experiential L2 education that acknowledges learners' diverse lived experiences.

Young refugee populations continue to grow. This scoping review aims to identify and summarize studies of programs that provide linguistically responsive practices for children who are refugees. Secondary aims of this review are: (a) to identify the gaps in the literature, and (b) to suggest future research and policy directions. By studying key features of linguistically responsive practices for children who are refugees, we can better understand the important components of a high-quality inclusive and equitable environment for all children, including those with minority language backgrounds. We conducted an electronic database search and identified 14 studies. Studies varied in location, country of origin, and language support. The findings from this review revealed a critical need to develop, implement, and study linguistically responsive programs for children who are refugees in host countries.

Refugee children often face disruptions to their education before and during displacement. However, little is known about either levels or predictors of refugee children's literacy or about their attitudes toward reading in low- or middle-income countries. To address this, we conducted in-home literacy assessments using the Holistic Assessment of Learning and Development Outcomes with 322 Syrian refugee mother-child dyads who lived in Jordan (child age range 4-8 years, M = 6.32 years, 50% female). Overall, the children had quite low levels of literacy, although they indicated a strong enthusiasm for reading. Child age, maternal education, and maternal ability to read all predicted child literacy, although maternal literacy predicted it only among children enrolled in school. Among those enrolled in school (64.9% of the total sample, 88.7% of those aged [greater than or equal to] 6), students attending hybrid classes had better literacy than those attending either solely in-person or solely online, although the frequency of school attendance did not predict literacy. A less consistent pattern emerged for predicting children's attitudes toward reading. Our results suggest an urgent need to improve literacy skills among refugee children in Jordan, as well as a need for validated measures of attitudes toward reading for use with Arabic-speaking youth.

Purpose: While most language departments of the university offer service-learning (SL) subjects based on language teaching, such as "Teaching Chinese as a Second Language in Local Schools" and "Serving the Community through Teaching English," this paper aims to argue that teaching students to teach language(s) is yet to be the best strategy to serve the service recipients. Design/methodology/approach: SL is widely understood as an experiential learning pedagogy that integrates academic focus, reflection and community service and is shown to be impactful. In Hong Kong, the first university that has made SL a graduation requirement is the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (the University). Considering this, new SL courses have proliferated over the past decade. Adopting a narrative inquiry approach, this paper examines personal narratives from a new SL subject aiming to raise awareness of refugees in Hong Kong. The data includes students' reflective journals, co-created personal narratives and podcasts and semi-structured interviews. Findings: This paper finds that crafting and recording narratives of shared experiences deepens cultural understanding, cultivates empathy and facilitates language learning in a genuine setting. Social implications: Ultimately, this paper advocates a well-designed SL that combines language, content and technology as a powerful, transformational experience for both college students and service recipients. Originality/value: This paper focuses on a brand new SL course, "Storytelling for Understanding: Refugee Children in Hong Kong," offered in Semester 1, 2022-2023. The subject was developed by the two authors from a language division affiliated to the University. The deliverables were podcast recordings, co-authored and co-edited by the students and the children.

Young adult refugees have suboptimal primary care use, including having a regular provider and engaging with a regular source of care for primary and preventive healthcare needs. Our purpose was to understand how young adult refugees (ages 18-29 years) resettled to the United States understand and experience primary care. We conducted 23 semi-structured interviews with young adult refugees and explored their ideas about and experiences of key characteristics of primary care. Emergent themes were synthesized. Young adult refugees reported a lack of an understanding of the idea of primary care. However, they also described the lack of accepted key components of primary care, such as being the first contact and providing continuity, coordination and comprehensiveness. The importance of developing an ability to ask questions, get answers and feel empowered was a facilitator of primary care successes. Young refugees lack access to healthcare that exemplifies quality primary care. Improving understanding of the primary care model and its value as well as increasing access and ease of engagement could improve primary care engagement for young adult refugees.

There are almost 90 million forced migrants around the world, many of whom could benefit from online higher education, and yet there is evidence that displaced people face challenges in online learning environments. This paper reports on a study in the context of a UK university's master'slevel distance learning program that offers Sanctuary Scholarships to forced migrants. The study's aims were: (1) to identify practical ways in which higher education institutions can support displaced learners to engage in online learning, and (2) to add to our theoretical understanding of refugees' and asylum seekers' engagement in online degree programs. The methodology included a theoretical and an empirical component. In the theoretical analysis, the indicators from Redmond et al.'s (2018) Online Engagement Framework were mapped onto capability lists drawn from the literature on the Capability Approach, generating a set of proposed underpinning capabilities for online engagement. The empirical analysis, which was carried out in parallel, was based on semistructured interviews with ten online Sanctuary Scholars. Thematic analysis of the empirical data showed how the research participants had enacted behavioral, emotional, cognitive, social, and collaborative engagement and revealed some of the ways in which engagement fueled further engagement, alongside the mediating role of personal agency. When combined with the theoretical analysis, the findings enabled the creation of a capabilitarian online engagement model. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for institutional policies and practices around learning design and delivery to support online engagement among displaced learners, and potentially also among other underrepresented students.

This article provides an exploratory case study of place-based pedagogy developed in partnership with Every Campus A Refuge (ECAR) at Guilford College. ECAR is the first initiative of its kind to mobilize college and university campus resources to provide housing and other forms of assistance to refugees seeking resettlement in the institution's local area (within and beyond the institution's physical borders). ECAR is transforming refugee resettlement in the United States as it also transforms our understanding and teaching about the issues faced by these communities and the role of post-secondary educational institutions. Through ECAR's commitment to "compassionate hospitality and radical accountability" (Every Campus A Refuge, n.d.), campuses undergo transformations that blur the boundaries between campus and community and redefine the notion of "place" for students and community members. This article examines how place-based initiatives at resettlement campuses, such as ECAR in Greensboro, impact student experiences and learning. We present an analysis of survey data collected from students who participated in the ECAR minor and analyze their responses. This data indicates that the academic program's place-based pedagogy (1) provides students opportunities to learn about what forced displacement is and why it happens; (2) centralizes the voice, agency, and perspectives of the individuals who experience forced migration and resettlement; (3) emphasizes how we can collectively organize and advocate to address the problems of forced displacement and resettlement. In this way, the minor is helping students engage in the work of principled problem-solving in refugee resettlement through specialized course offerings and place-based pedagogy. The paper concludes with challenges and opportunities for campuses interested in adopting this place-based refugee resettlement program for their colleges/universities. It also discusses pathways for further research and pedagogical innovation.

This manuscript is one part of a larger exploratory collective case study of pre-service teachers who participated in a student teaching abroad program for one-month in Germany. The objective was to ascertain if and how pre-service teachers with no prior training in intercultural competence (ICC) developed both their understanding and conceptualization of ICC. Data was collected before, during, and after the experience via focus groups, individual interviews, journal entries, and program evaluations. Data was analyzed using a priori codes compiled from Bennett's (2008) characteristics of affective, cognitive, and behavioral competencies of ICC. Findings from this study indicated that a short-term student teaching abroad program has the potential to influence teacher candidates understanding and conceptualization of the complexity of ICC if the program includes an opportunity and space to foster and support critical reflection. Additionally, this study provides one example of how study abroad programs can shift away from quantitative surveys to assess impact and, instead, focus on learner centered evidence collected in real time (Deardorff, 2015).

The fact that people move to another country to protect their families brings with many difficulties. The purpose of this research is to analyze the child-rearing traditions and difficulties of Syrian families under temporary protection with a preschool child and to reveal their experiences. The population of this research consists of the provinces of Kilis and Gaziantep. Its participants are refugee families with preschool children who fled the civil war in Syria and came to Turkey. These interviews were held to gather information about the participants' social life before the war, the war period, the time of migration, settling in Turkey and child education. The codes were created by analyzing the content of the collected data, one of the qualitative analysis methods, and the codes were combined under themes. As a result of the analysis of the data, the research findings were gathered under four main themes: pre-war, war and migration; integration of refugee families to Turkey; and child education; and broken families. The research findings were discussed with the relevant studies in the literature, and suggestions were made in line with the findings.

Turkey has developed educational policies and measures to help Syrian students to access education in public schools through different integration practices. This research aimed at examining two integration practices, i.e. mainstreaming and adaptation classes, and exploring the advantages and limitations of each practice for the integration of Syrian students from practitioners' perspectives. The participants consisted of fifteen teachers who had experience in both practices and were working at primary, middle, and secondary schools in a large city in Southeastern Turkey. This research employed a comparative case study design to analyze and synthesize similarities, differences, and meaningful patterns across the integration practices. It was revealed that each practice has limitations and advantages in terms of integration. How integration is handled is the main distinction between the practices. Mainstream classes facilitate relational integration through inclusion; however, integration is fostered through language tuition in adaptation classes. Both practices warrant some arrangements for effectiveness.

Purpose: This study aims to understand whether there is a significant relationship between the effects of stressful life events that Syrian refugees are exposed to and their attitudes toward seeking psychological help. The study also aimed to examine the multidimensional perceived social support by Syrian asylum seekers between the impacts of stressful life events they were exposed to and their attitudes towards seeking psychological help in terms of mediating role. Method: The study population of the research consists of Syrian refugees who migrated to Turkey because of the Syrian war. A total of 467 Syrian asylum seekers (187 women, 280 men) aged between 18-65 years participated in the study. The Impact of Life Events Scale, the Attitude Towards Seeking Psychological Help Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used as data collection tools. This study analyzed the mediating effect of the multidimensional perceived social support factor between stressful life events and the attitude factor towards seeking professional psychological help using structural equation modeling. Results: It has been observed that social support significantly affects Syrian refugees' attitudes towards seeking psychological help. In addition, it is thought that the negative relationship between stressful life events and social support affects attitudes towards seeking psychological help and reveals self-hiding behavior in this population. In addition, it is believed that a positive attitude toward seeking psychological help may be beneficial if it is accompanied by qualified social support.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of Syrian refugee students in Canadian schools. Article 12 of the "Convention on the Rights of the Child" (CRC) was used as a framework. Data collection involved one-on-one interview with students. Data from the interviews was analyzed using an open-coding technique to identify themes and patterns. Although the students had positive resettlement experiences, some of them experienced difficulties with their learning. Based on the findings, we propose recommendations for educators and schools welcoming Syrian refugee students.

Despite data increasingly being used to advance equity in education, students with and seeking refugee protection (SWSRP) are largely invisible in education data. To equitably include SWSRP in national education systems as envisioned by global refugee education policy, data on their needs are required. The purpose of this study was to source, organize, and analyze data on the needs of SWSRP in primary and secondary education in Canada. This needs assessment involved the use of experts, a selective review of empirical literature, and a review of publicly available data. Five common areas of need were identified among SWSRP globally and across Canada's 13 primary and secondary education systems: access to education, accelerated education, language education, mental health and psychosocial support, and special education. Rates of needs varied by a range of student experiences and circumstances. These data can inform efforts to responsively support SWSRP in Canadian education systems.

The main purpose of this phenomenological study is to understand immigrant and refugee students' distance education experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study group consisted of nine participants, four males and five females, using the snowball sampling method. We prepared a semi structured interview form consisting of ten questions considering the context of the reviewed literature on immigrant and refugee students and COVID-19. Four themes emerged from the data analysis: (a) I wish there was no COVID, (b) Internet, tablet, Zoom and EBA, etc., all about distance education, (c) Distance versus face-to-face education, and (d) Anti-Socialization or WhatsApp Socialization. Findings from this study suggested that participants were upset, bored, or scared. They could not attend learning activities since they lacked the technical devices and tools critical for two-way interaction. Their relations have mostly broken, and they have experienced socialization gaps with their friends and teachers. [Note: The issue number (2) shown in the citation on the PDF is incorrect. The correct issue number is 1.]

According to 2022 data, approximately 4 million Syrians live in Türkiye, and it is known that %24.7 of them have various disabilities. Recent research has shown that the developmental disability is one of the most common types of disability among Syrian refugees in Türkiye. We aimed to investigate the lives of refugees with developmental disabilities, who are twice a minority. Among the Syrian refugees in Türkiye, 24.7% are individuals with special needs. It was reported that developmental disabilities and post-traumatic stress disorder are the most prevalent diagnoses across the refugees. The study aims to investigate the current status and educational needs of Syrian refugees with developmental disabilities and their parents, who live in refugee camps in Türkiye with a specific emphasis on their education life. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with young refugees with developmental disabilities and their parents in the study conducted with a phenomenological approach. The content analysis conducted on the study data revealed that these individuals migrated to Türkiye due to the Syrian war, and they did not want to return to their home country. Since they lived in camps in Türkiye, they have been isolated from social life. Participants stated that they mostly required special education and health facilities and socialization. The identified problems were analyzed, and certain recommendations are presented based on the study findings.

Research in the field of Higher Education in Emergencies (HEiE) starts to question the imposed Global North-centred perspective which arrives with ready-made solutions, considering refugees as objects of intervention rather than subjects of transformation. Leveraging the broader topics of Open Science and Open Education, this paper pioneers a new approach to scientific cooperation, fostering values of Openness in refugee higher education. It specifically addresses HEiE in Niger, Africa, in a training of trainers' programme. It is designed in a participatory manner involving academics from the Global South and Global North, refugees who are themselves educators, and NGOs. Taking the form of a Certificate of Open Studies (COS), the training empowers refugees as enabled change agents, capable of making sense of diverse knowledge systems to transform their reality. Preliminary understanding of Open Cooperation is shared through a conceptual framework, Empowering refugees through liberation-oriented education. It addresses sustainability at the ontological and epistemic levels and relies on four main dimensions: Epistemologies of the South, Openness, Common good and Education as empowerment.

Purpose: The Samuel Paty murder has generated a great response from the professional community and the world of education and schools in Europe and worldwide. In a unique way, civic educators expressed horror, sorrow, and solidarity with the family and with their French colleagues. The article is dedicated to Samuel Paty and the question of whether and how we as a community of international civic educators can learn from this terrible event. Design/methodology/approach: The article presents a case reconstruction using press and public documents attempting to disentangle the actors' positions, their stated intentions and contexts, and the following political intricacies of the case. Findings: The murder of Samuel Paty provoked a series of educational policy reactions that have paradoxical effects on civic education in schools, seen its intentions of political-social inclusion into a citizenship model. The case analysis documents the pitfalls of the instrumentalization of civic education for the securitization of societies.

Ernst Papanek (1900-1973) was an Austrian pedagogue who, between 1938 and 1940, was responsible for children's homes in France he directed for the OSE (Oeuvre de secours aux en-fants). In these children's homes at Montmorency, close to Paris, Papanek tried to treat the traumatized children who had lost their homes, their parents, and those who struggled with their own identities that had been called into question by ideological propaganda and personal experiences alike. Papanek decided to give their souls a new home and not only intended to keep them physically alive but also to use a new form of therapy that was supposed to treat the children as a group. In 1940, Papanek had to escape from France, via Spain and Portugal, to the United States, and he tried to rescue the children by bringing them across the Atlantic as well. However, when he advocated for the idea to continue their treatment as a group in a children's home like the ones he had run in France, he met with resistance, as such approaches were uncommon in the United States, where social workers sought to separate the children and have them adopted into different foster families nationwide. This paper describes this transatlantic "struggle of ideas" when it comes to the role of group therapy for traumatized children and the positive impact of such children living collectively in homes.