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A systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to evaluate the impacts of mandibular setback with or without maxillary advancement for class III skeletal correction on respiratory parameters measured by polysomnography (PSG) and to compare these respiratory parameters between these procedures for class III skeletal correction. Six electronic databases were searched up to June 2023. Studies comparing PSG parameters before and after orthognathic surgery for skeletal class III patients were selected for further analysis. The outcomes of interest were apnoea–hypopnea index (AHI), respiratory disturbance index (RDI), the lowest oxygen saturation (lowest SpO2), the average oxygen saturation (mean SpO2), and the 3% oxygen desaturation index (3% ODI). Data extraction, methodological quality assessment, risk of bias assessment, meta‐analysis, and subgroup analysis were performed. Sixteen studies with a total of 476 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery for class III skeletal correction were included for meta‐analysis. The risk of bias level was moderate for most studies. All PSG parameters before and after orthognathic surgery were not significantly different. The different surgical procedures also did not significantly affect post‐operative PSG parameters. 5.8% of patients developed post‐operative obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Most of them underwent a large distance of mandibular setback. There is a moderate level of evidence that mandibular setback with or without maxillary advancement for class III skeletal correction does not pre‐dispose young and healthy patients to obstructive sleep apnoea when evaluated in the short term after surgery. However, post‐operatively developed OSA was found in several isolated cases that underwent a large amount of mandibular setback with or without maxillary advancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breathing is a necessary mechanism for speech production. Estimating breathing signal and respiratory parameters are the most important study in medical research. The breathing signal can be evaluated using a variety of models. However, the relevant result was not attained because of the poor quality of the model. Breathing is a vital bodily function, and changes in breathing patterns can indicate underlying health problems. For example, people with respiratory conditions such as asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and heart failure may have abnormal breathing patterns. The speech data contains more noise content, which maximizes the model's complexity. Analyzing the speech recordings makes it difficult to develop a non-invasive and continuous monitoring system for respiration because the system failed to estimate the breathing signal using traditional methods. These problems resulted in poor prediction and less accuracy for prediction. So, this research introduces a novel Honey Badger-based Modular Neural System (HBMNS) to the challenging task of using voice recordings to estimate respiratory parameters and breathing signals. This study aims to bridge the gap between speech analysis and respiratory health monitoring by leveraging the adaptability and robustness observed in honey badger behavior. This indicates an interest in identifying patterns or features in speech that correlate with respiratory behavior. In addition to breathing signals, the system aims to estimate various respiratory parameters. These parameters might include breath rate, tidal volume, and breath event. Initially, data collection and importation into the Python environment involved speech recording data. The data was then pre-processed, and honey-badger optimization was used to extract the spectral features. The breathing signal and respiratory parameters are then estimated by a modular neural network. The provided model achieved a good exactness score in the estimation after the performance was measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ankylosing spondylitis is chronic progressive disease, which decrease functions of musculoskeletal system including chest area. Those changes influences respiratory mechanics, worsen conditions of proper ventilation of lungs. Objectives: Rating of functional and respiratory parameters and dependence between them at patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Materials & methods: The study included 45 patients with diagnosed ankylosing spondylitis. Chest and upper limbs mobility, resting spinal curvature alignment were assessed, and respiratory parameters were measured in a plethysmographic chamber JAGGER MasterScreen Body. Results: Ankylosing spondylitis patients had lower respiratory parameters especially sReff, and FRC. Restriction of chest and upper limbs mobility was also demonstrated. Forward head extension was observed based on the occipital wall test. Correlations between functional parameters and correlations between functional and respiratory parameters were shown, in particular MIP, MEP, sReff, Rtot, TLC, ERV. Conclusions: The study confirmed a decrease in functional and respiratory parameters in the examined patients with ankylosing spondylitis compared to the applicable standards. A significant relationship was found between functional parameters in the upper body and respiratory parameters, which worsen with increasing thoracic dysfunction. The obtained results indicate the directions of therapy that should be taken into account to improve respiratory parameters and reduce respiratory dysfunction in these patients. Chest-focused physiotherapy appears to be an important element in improving function in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), a hallmark of bronchial asthma, is typically diagnosed through a methacholine inhalation test followed by spirometry, known as the methacholine challenge test (MCT). While spirometry relies on proper patients' cooperation and precise execution of forced breathing maneuvers, we conducted a comparative analysis with the portable nanomaterial-based sensing device, SenseGuard™, to non-intrusively assess tidal breathing parameters. In this prospective study, 37 adult participants with suspected asthma underwent sequential spirometry and SenseGuard™ measurements after inhaling increasing methacholine doses. Among the 37 participants, 18 were MCT responders, 17 were non-responders and 2 were excluded due to uninterpretable data. The MCT responders exhibited a significant lung function difference when comparing the change from baseline to maximum response. This was evident through a notable decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 ​s (FEV 1) levels in spirometry, as well as in prominent changes in tidal breathing parameters as assessed by SenseGuard™, including the expiratory pause time (T rest) to total breath time (T tot) ratio, and the expiratory time (T ex) to T tot ratio. Notably, the ratios T rest /T tot (∗p ​= ​0.02), T ex /T tot (∗p ​= ​0.002), and inspiratory time (T in) to T ex (∗p ​= ​0.04) identified MCT responders distinctly, corresponding to spirometry (∗p ​< ​0.0001). This study demonstrates that tidal breathing assessment using SenseGuard™ device reliably detects clinically relevant changes of respiratory parameter during the MCT. It effectively distinguishes between responders and non-responders, with strong agreement to conventional spirometry-measured FEV 1. This technology holds promise for monitoring clinical respiratory changes in bronchial asthma patients pending further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Pilates-based exercise training applied with hybrid telerehabilitation on Cobb angle, respiratory function, respiratory muscle strength, and functional capacity in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). This is an evaluator-blinded, randomized, controlled trial. For the study, 32 patients were randomly allocated into two groups: a hybrid telerehabilitation group (training group), provided with modified Pilates-based exercises with synchronous sessions; and a home-based group (control group), doing the same exercises in their home. The Pilates-based exercise program consists of stretching and strengthening exercises combined with postural corrections and breathing exercises modified according to the curve type and localization of the patients, done every day of the week for 12 weeks. Analyses were made based on the comparison between the angle of trunk rotation, Cobb angle, spirometry, maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory pressures (MEP), and incremental shuttle walk tests done at the beginning and end of the study. The training group showed statistically significant improvements in Cobb angle, PEF%, MIP, and MEP values compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Pilates-based exercises applied with the hybrid telerehabilitation method can improve Cobb angle and respiratory muscle strength in patients with AIS. The hybrid telerehabilitation method can be used as an alternative to home-based programs, especially in locations and times where there may be limited access to supervised training. Also, the nature of the disease that requires long-term follow-up is another factor where hybrid telerehabilitation may be an advantage. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05761236. What is Known: • Exercise training is one of the main approaches to treating scoliosis. What is New: • Application of exercises via telerehabilitation method may contribute more to the improvement of scoliosis-related parameters than home-based programs. • Telerehabilitation may be a preferable alternative exercise method in scoliosis, considering the advantages of accessibility and long-term follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nigde University Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences / Nigde Üniversitesi Beden Egitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of Physical Education & Sports Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Data on the efficacy of remdesivir in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are limited in pregnant patients since they have been excluded from clinical trials. We aimed to investigate some clinical outcomes following remdesivir administration in pregnancy. This was a retrospective cohort study conducted on pregnant women with moderate to severe COVID-19. The enrolled patients were divided into two groups with and without remdesivir treatment. The primary outcomes of this study were the length of hospital and intensive care unit stay; respiratory parameters of hospital day 7 including respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and mode of oxygen support; discharge until days 7 and 14, and need for home oxygen therapy. Secondary outcomes included some maternal and neonatal consequences. Eighty-one pregnant women (57 in the remdesivir group and 24 in the non-remdesivir group) were included. The two study groups were comparable according to the baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. Of the respiratory outcomes, remdesivir was significantly associated with a reduced length of hospital stay (p = 0.021) and also with a lower level of oxygen requirement in patients on low-flow oxygen [odds ratio (OR) 3.669]. Among the maternal consequences, no patients in the remdesivir group developed preeclampsia but three patients (12.5%) experienced this complication in the non-remdesivir group (p = 0.024). Furthermore, in patients with moderate COVID-19, the percentage of emergency termination was significantly lower in remdesivir group (OR 2.46). Our results demonstrated some probable benefits of remdesivir in respiratory and also maternal outcomes. Further investigations with a larger sample size should confirm these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While several studies have evaluated the prognostic weight of respiratory parameters in patients with COVID-19, few have focused on patients' clinical conditions at the first emergency department (ED) assessment. We analyzed a large cohort of ED patients recruited within the EC-COVID study over the year 2020, and assessed the association between key bedside respiratory parameters measured in room air (pO2, pCO2, pH, and respiratory rate [RR]) and hospital mortality, after adjusting for key confounding factors. Analyses were based on a multivariable logistic Generalized Additive Model (GAM). After excluding patients who did not perform a blood gas analysis (BGA) test in room air or with incomplete BGA results, a total of 2458 patients were considered in the analyses. Most patients were hospitalized on ED discharge (72.0%); hospital mortality was 14.3%. Strong, negative associations with hospital mortality emerged for pO2, pCO2 and pH (p-values: < 0.001, < 0.001 and 0.014), while a significant, positive association was observed for RR (p-value < 0.001). Associations were quantified with nonlinear functions, learned from the data. No cross-parameter interaction was significant (all p-values were larger than 0.10), suggesting a progressive, independent effect on the outcome as the value of each parameter departed from normality. Our results collide with the hypothesized existence of patterns of breathing parameters with specific prognostic weight in the early stages of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medical Rehabilitation / Rehabilitacja Medyczna is the property of Medical Rehabilitation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The activation of bradykinin B1 receptors on endothelial cells in the lung following inflammation is a major cause of the severity and mortality of COVID-19. It has already been shown that bromelain and montelukast as two anti-inflammatory agents can be effective in controlling this condition. Methods: Patients with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) referred to Masih Daneshvari hospital in Tehran were included in the study after providing full explanations and obtaining written consent. All 40 patients with moderate symptoms were randomly divided into the placebo (n=20) and intervention (n=20) groups. In the sample group, a dose of 200 mg oral bromelain was given to patients every 8 hours and one tablet of montelukast 10 mg 1 hour before or after dinner for 5 days. In the control group, placebo capsules were administered exactly at the above intervals. The results were evaluated using a t test and SPSS21 software. Results: After treatment, the sample (bromelain and montelukast) group represented significant improvements in C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lymphocyte count (P

Background: Emergence from general anesthesia and tracheal extubation may be associated with tremendous physiological and metabolic stress in patients which could be major concern for the anesthesiologist in patients especially with neurosurgical patients. Aims and Objectives: The study was designed to find a novel method to achieving a smooth extubation in neurosurgery by compare the respiratory complications and hemodynamic stress response between conventional awake extubation of an endotracheal tube (ETT) and that following exchange extubation of ETT using a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in craniotomy surgeries. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II between ages 18 and 60 years undergoing neurosurgery were evaluated for respiratory events such as bucking, coughing, desaturation, and hemodynamic changes due to sympathetic stimulation such as tachycardia, hypertension, and any other complications that have occurred in any of the two extubation methods. Results: In Group A, 86.67% patients have shown significant events of bucking and coughing while desaturation events were comparable between two groups. Manipulation events, that is, chin lift and jaw thrust had to perform in 66.67% and 21.67%, respectively, in patients of Group A compared to only 03.33% patients in Group L. (P

Abstract Background Patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) require respiratory support with invasive mechanical ventilation and show varying responses to recruitment manoeuvres. In patients with ARDS not related to COVID-19, two pulmonary subphenotypes that differed in recruitability were identified using latent class analysis (LCA) of imaging and clinical respiratory parameters. We aimed to evaluate if similar subphenotypes are present in patients with COVID-19-related ARDS. Methods This is the retrospective analysis of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19-related ARDS who underwent CT scans at positive end-expiratory pressure of 10 cmH2O and after a recruitment manoeuvre at 20 cmH2O. LCA was applied to quantitative CT-derived parameters, clinical respiratory parameters, blood gas analysis and routine laboratory values before recruitment to identify subphenotypes. Results 99 patients were included. Using 12 variables, a two-class LCA model was identified as best fitting. Subphenotype 2 (recruitable) was characterized by a lower PaO2/FiO2, lower normally aerated lung volume and lower compliance as opposed to a higher non-aerated lung mass and higher mechanical power when compared to subphenotype 1 (non-recruitable). Patients with subphenotype 2 had more decrease in non-aerated lung mass in response to a standardized recruitment manoeuvre (p = 0.024) and were mechanically ventilated longer until successful extubation (adjusted SHR 0.46, 95% CI 0.23–0.91, p = 0.026), while no difference in survival was found (p = 0.814). Conclusions A recruitable and non-recruitable subphenotype were identified in patients with COVID-19-related ARDS. These findings are in line with previous studies in non-COVID-19-related ARDS and suggest that a combination of imaging and clinical respiratory parameters could facilitate the identification of recruitable lungs before the manoeuvre.

Measurement of accurate tidal volumes based on respiration-induced surface movements of the upper body would be valuable in clinical and sports monitoring applications, but most current methods lack the precision, ease of use, or cost effectiveness required for wide-scale uptake. In this paper, the theoretical ability of different sensors, such as inertial measurement units, strain gauges, or circumference measurement devices to determine tidal volumes were investigated, scrutinised and evaluated. Sixteen subjects performed different breathing patterns of different tidal volumes, while using a motion capture system to record surface motions and a spirometer as a reference to obtain tidal volumes. Subsequently, the motion-capture data were used to determine upper-body circumferences, tilt angles, distance changes, movements and accelerations—such data could potentially be measured using optical encoders, inertial measurement units, or strain gauges. From these parameters, the measurement range and correlation with the volume signal of the spirometer were determined. The highest correlations were found between the spirometer volume and upper body circumferences; surface deflection was also well correlated, while accelerations carried minor respiratory information. The ranges of thorax motion parameters measurable with common sensors and the values and correlations to respiratory volume are presented. This article thus provides a novel tool for sensor selection for a smart shirt analysis of respiration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of an active exercise physiotherapy programme versus an exercise for well-being programme improving muscle strength, range of movement, respiratory capacity and quality of life of women with fibromyalgia. A randomized, assessor-blind, controlled trial was conducted. A total of 141 women diagnosed with fibromyalgia were randomized to a physiotherapy exercise group (n = 47), an exercise for well-being group (n = 47) and a control group (n = 47). The study lasted 4 weeks and the experimental groups received 45 min sessions performed twice a week on alternate days. The primary outcome measures were range of movement and muscle strength. The secondary outcome measures were respiratory capacity and quality of life. The results showed statistically significant improvements in the exercise for well-being and physiotherapy groups vs. the control group at week 5 in relation to joint range of movement (p = 0.004), muscle strength (p = 0.003) and quality of life (p = 0.002). The changes found in all the spirometry parameters seem to be associated to some of the changes in joint range of movement and muscle strength as well as quality of life. Physiotherapy and exercise for well-being improved upper limb and lower limb range of movement and the muscle strength of women with fibromyalgia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Alleviating significant pain and enhancing lung function in patients with multiple rib fractures presents a formidable challenge to all emergency physicians (EPs). Conventional pharmacological measures and traditional thoracic regional analgesia techniques are not always feasible or safe in the emergency department (ED). Therefore, an effective, feasible, and safe method for providing analgesia in such patients will be extremely advantageous to all patients and EPs alike. Here, we describe the utility of a regional block technique that can be applied in patients suffering from multiple rib fractures in the ED. Aims: The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to determine the effectiveness of an ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in ameliorating pain and improving lung function in patients presenting to the ED with multiple rib fractures and (2) to assess the safety and the feasibility of the ESPB in the ED. Setting and Design: This was a retrospective observational clinical study conducted in the ED of a tertiary care hospital over a period of 12 months. Subjects and Methods: Data regarding all patients with rib fractures who had undergone an ESPB in the ED were extracted from the ED procedure register, and the inpatient case sheets were obtained from the medical records department for review and analysis. The data included, but were not limited to, the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for pain and respiratory parameters, i.e., respiratory rate and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) at 30 min post procedure and subsequently after every top-up dose up to a period of 48 h. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage were used. Inferential statistics such as repeated-measures ANOVA were done using SPSS software version 22 (IBM). Results: The mean NRS was significantly reduced by >50% at 30 min and by 72% over a 48-h period (P < 0.001). Meaningful improvements in the respiratory parameters were also observed during the same period with significant increments in the PEFR values (49% increase [P < 0.001]) as well as a decrease of 36% in the respiratory rate (P < 0.001). The mean time for performing the procedure was 16.27 min, and no adverse events were observed as a consequence of the block. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the efficacy of USG-guided ESPB in ameliorating pain as well as improving lung function for multiple rib fracture patients. This procedure can be performed in a short time making it suitable for application in the ED. No adverse events as a consequence of the ESPB were noted.

Background: It is recommended to heat and humidity CO2 in laparoscopic surgery to prevent postoperative pain and hypothermia but information about its effects on hemodynamic and respiratory parameters is limited. We aimed to investigate the effects of standard and heated-humidified CO2 on hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, body temperature and pain in healthy patients. Methods: One hundred patients who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign pathology were divided into two groups: Group CD (cold-dry) patients were administered standard CO2, while Group HH (heated-humidified) patients were administered 95% humidified insufflation at 37 °C. Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, body temperature, pain score and blood count parameters were recorded. Results: A total of 96 patients were included in the study, taken from the 100 patients. Group HH (n:47) had only higher systolic blood pressure at 75, mean blood pressure at 50 and 55 and a lower heart rate between 15 and 45 min (p:0.049, 0.037, 0.013 respectively). Pain score, morphine consumption, end-tidal CO2 and arterial blood gas values were not different between the groups, with only body temperature from 40 min and minimum value being significantly higher (at a difference of 0.86–1.04 °C) in Group HH. Postoperative leukocyte, neutrophil and NLR (neutrophil-leukocyte ratio) were found to be higher in this group (p

Background: Emergence from general anesthesia and tracheal extubation may be associated with tremendous physiological and metabolic stress in patients which could be major concern for the anesthesiologist in patients especially with neurosurgical patients. Aims and Objectives: The study was designed to find a novel method to achieving a smooth extubation in neurosurgery by compare the respiratory complications and hemodynamic stress response between conventional awake extubation of an endotracheal tube (ETT) and that following exchange extubation of ETT using a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in craniotomy surgeries. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II between ages 18 and 60 years undergoing neurosurgery were evaluated for respiratory events such as bucking, coughing, desaturation, and hemodynamic changes due to sympathetic stimulation such as tachycardia, hypertension, and any other complications that have occurred in any of the two extubation methods. Results: In Group A, 86.67% patients have shown significant events of bucking and coughing while desaturation events were comparable between two groups. Manipulation events, that is, chin lift and jaw thrust had to perform in 66.67% and 21.67%, respectively, in patients of Group A compared to only 03.33% patients in Group L. (P<0.05). In Group A, 97.33% patients shown tachycardia compared to 30% in Group L where only 30%. Similarly, mean arterial pressure after extubation found to be significantly high in 63.33% of the patients in Group A with 63.33% as compared to13.33% of patients in Group L (P<0.05). Conclusion: ETT/LMA exchange is the most effective technique for achieving the clinical endpoints of the study, that is, prevention of emergence hypertension and respiratory complications compared to awake extubation methods. The exchange of ETT with LMA in deeper plane of anesthesia significantly reduces emergence related the hemodynamic and respiratory unwonted events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) require respiratory support with invasive mechanical ventilation and show varying responses to recruitment manoeuvres. In patients with ARDS not related to COVID-19, two pulmonary subphenotypes that differed in recruitability were identified using latent class analysis (LCA) of imaging and clinical respiratory parameters. We aimed to evaluate if similar subphenotypes are present in patients with COVID-19-related ARDS.Methods: This is the retrospective analysis of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19-related ARDS who underwent CT scans at positive end-expiratory pressure of 10 cmH2O and after a recruitment manoeuvre at 20 cmH2O. LCA was applied to quantitative CT-derived parameters, clinical respiratory parameters, blood gas analysis and routine laboratory values before recruitment to identify subphenotypes.Results: 99 patients were included. Using 12 variables, a two-class LCA model was identified as best fitting. Subphenotype 2 (recruitable) was characterized by a lower PaO2/FiO2, lower normally aerated lung volume and lower compliance as opposed to a higher non-aerated lung mass and higher mechanical power when compared to subphenotype 1 (non-recruitable). Patients with subphenotype 2 had more decrease in non-aerated lung mass in response to a standardized recruitment manoeuvre (p = 0.024) and were mechanically ventilated longer until successful extubation (adjusted SHR 0.46, 95% CI 0.23-0.91, p = 0.026), while no difference in survival was found (p = 0.814).Conclusions: A recruitable and non-recruitable subphenotype were identified in patients with COVID-19-related ARDS. These findings are in line with previous studies in non-COVID-19-related ARDS and suggest that a combination of imaging and clinical respiratory parameters could facilitate the identification of recruitable lungs before the manoeuvre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effect of pliometric and tabata training applied to aerobic gymnasts between the ages of 12-14 on jump performance and respiratory function parameters was investigated. Actively competing in the study, mean age 12.8 ± 0.19 (year), average body weight 34.28 ± 1.46 (kg), average height 145.19 ± 2.29 (cm), average age for sports 7.14 ± 0.24 female gymnasts participated voluntarily. The subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups according to age groups. First group (A group), Technical + Pliometric training program, second group (B group), Technique + Tabata training program, third group (C group) control group applied only Technical training program. A total of 12 exercises were applied to the subjects for 6 weeks, 2 exercises per week. The subjects were tested for jump performance, 30 sec Bosco Test, respiratory function test and C group basic difficulty elements test, pre-test and post-test. In the evaluation of the data, analysis of variance was used in 3 x 2 repeated measures. The difference between the groups was determined by the Bonferroni test. As a result of the 6-week training, there was no significant difference in the control group according to the pre-test and post-test results, while in the pliometric training group and tabata training groups, active jump, 30 sec Bosco, tuck jump, cossack jump, pike jump and straddle jump group C There was a significant difference in performance, respiratory functions at FEV1 and FVC (p lt;0.05) levels, but no significance was found at other levels (p gt;0.05). As a result, it is recommended to trainers to use pliometric training for jumping strength and performance increase, tabata training method to increase the continuity of the series, reduce energy expenditure and increase anaerobic capacity.

Introduction: This study assesses the effects of pollutants generated by the burning of firewood by pygmies practicing the smoked meat trade. Materials and Methods: A total of 56 rural pygmies aged 36.92 ± 4.69 years old were divided into two groups, whose 29 exposed pygmies (practicing meat smoking) and 27 less exposed pygmies (not practicing this trade). Levels of PM2.5 pollutants and respiratory parameters were measured. A questionnaire including demographic data and another to identify symptoms of respiratory diseases were used. Epi info 7 software was used to perform the analyses. Results: This study indicates high concentrations of pollutants in the environment where this occupation is practiced. All spirometric parameters decreased in the exposed pygmies. The symptomatology was chronic cough, shortness of breath, wheezing and dyspnea that were higher in the exposed pygmy group. There was a strong association between the age of the subjects, the duration of exposure and the level of pollutants with certain symptoms. Conclusion: These results suggest that pygmies involved in smoking game meat inhale significant quantities of toxic particles. This pollution has health and environmental implications. Screening programmer are needed for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of early mobilization on hemodynamic parameters of patients under mechanical ventilation has been associated with positive results and yet its effect on specific respiratory parameters is less well appreciated. This article reports the results of a study of a randomized clinical trial of intensive care unit patients receiving mechanical ventilation. The findings of this study confirmed that a 4-step protocol for early mobilization can improve PaO2, O2 saturation, PaO2/FIO2 (fraction of inspired oxygen) ratio, and pulmonary compliance. The value of interdisciplinary collaboration supporting early mobilization was confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is recommended to heat and humidity CO 2 in laparoscopic surgery to prevent postoperative pain and hypothermia but information about its effects on hemodynamic and respiratory parameters is limited. We aimed to investigate the effects of standard and heated-humidified CO 2 on hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, body temperature and pain in healthy patients. One hundred patients who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign pathology were divided into two groups: Group CD (cold-dry) patients were administered standard CO 2 , while Group HH (heated-humidified) patients were administered 95% humidified insufflation at 37 °C. Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, body temperature, pain score and blood count parameters were recorded. A total of 96 patients were included in the study, taken from the 100 patients. Group HH (n:47) had only higher systolic blood pressure at 75, mean blood pressure at 50 and 55 and a lower heart rate between 15 and 45 min (p:0.049, 0.037, 0.013 respectively). Pain score, morphine consumption, end-tidal CO 2 and arterial blood gas values were not different between the groups, with only body temperature from 40 min and minimum value being significantly higher (at a difference of 0.86–1.04 °C) in Group HH. Postoperative leukocyte, neutrophil and NLR (neutrophil-leukocyte ratio) were found to be higher in this group (p < 0.05). It has been found that both standard and heated-humidified CO 2 do not constitute a problem in terms of hemodynamic and respiratory parameters in healthy patients. The heated-humidified CO 2 group had only a higher core body temperature and inflammatory response. NCT04508387. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Alleviating significant pain and enhancing lung function in patients with multiple rib fractures presents a formidable challenge to all emergency physicians (EPs). Conventional pharmacological measures and traditional thoracic regional analgesia techniques are not always feasible or safe in the emergency department (ED). Therefore, an effective, feasible, and safe method for providing analgesia in such patients will be extremely advantageous to all patients and EPs alike. Here, we describe the utility of a regional block technique that can be applied in patients suffering from multiple rib fractures in the ED. Aims: The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to determine the effectiveness of an ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in ameliorating pain and improving lung function in patients presenting to the ED with multiple rib fractures and (2) to assess the safety and the feasibility of the ESPB in the ED. Setting and Design: This was a retrospective observational clinical study conducted in the ED of a tertiary care hospital over a period of 12 months. Subjects and Methods: Data regarding all patients with rib fractures who had undergone an ESPB in the ED were extracted from the ED procedure register, and the inpatient case sheets were obtained from the medical records department for review and analysis. The data included, but were not limited to, the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for pain and respiratory parameters, i.e., respiratory rate and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) at 30 min post procedure and subsequently after every top-up dose up to a period of 48 h. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage were used. Inferential statistics such as repeated-measures ANOVA were done using SPSS software version 22 (IBM). Results: The mean NRS was significantly reduced by >50% at 30 min and by 72% over a 48-h period (P < 0.001). Meaningful improvements in the respiratory parameters were also observed during the same period with significant increments in the PEFR values (49% increase [P < 0.001]) as well as a decrease of 36% in the respiratory rate (P < 0.001). The mean time for performing the procedure was 16.27 min, and no adverse events were observed as a consequence of the block. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the efficacy of USG-guided ESPB in ameliorating pain as well as improving lung function for multiple rib fracture patients. This procedure can be performed in a short time making it suitable for application in the ED. No adverse events as a consequence of the ESPB were noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Total lung capacity is usually measured by a body plethysmograph or helium dilution methods. In this study an alternative approach to obtain total lung capacity of spontaneous breathing subjects is introduced. The device utilises an optoelectronic plethysmograph and a small tube, which measures mouth pressure and allows total lung capacity to be obtained, which differs less than 0.4 L from the total lung capacity of the body plethysmograph. The method shows potential to be a less burdensome method to estimate total lung capacity determination than the body plethysmograph.

Measurement of accurate tidal volumes based on respiration-induced surface movements of the upper body would be valuable in clinical and sports monitoring applications, but most current methods lack the precision, ease of use, or cost effectiveness required for wide-scale uptake. In this paper, the theoretical ability of different sensors, such as inertial measurement units, strain gauges, or circumference measurement devices to determine tidal volumes were investigated, scrutinised and evaluated. Sixteen subjects performed different breathing patterns of different tidal volumes, while using a motion capture system to record surface motions and a spirometer as a reference to obtain tidal volumes. Subsequently, the motion-capture data were used to determine upper-body circumferences, tilt angles, distance changes, movements and accelerations—such data could potentially be measured using optical encoders, inertial measurement units, or strain gauges. From these parameters, the measurement range and correlation with the volume signal of the spirometer were determined. The highest correlations were found between the spirometer volume and upper body circumferences; surface deflection was also well correlated, while accelerations carried minor respiratory information. The ranges of thorax motion parameters measurable with common sensors and the values and correlations to respiratory volume are presented. This article thus provides a novel tool for sensor selection for a smart shirt analysis of respiration.

The severity of COVID-19 disease and its mortality may be due to a localized vascular problem owing to the activation of bradykinin B1 receptors on endothelial cells in the lungs that occur following inflammation. Bromelain acts as an anti-inflammatory factor and can lower the level of bradykinin in the serum and tissues. Patients with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) referred to Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran were included in the study after providing full explanations and obtaining written consent. The 40 patients with mild to moderate symptoms were randomly divided into the control group (No: 20) and sample (No: 20). In the sample group, a dose of 200 mg bromelain was given to patients every 8 hours. In the control group, placebo capsules were administered exactly at the above intervals. Clinical and paraclinical factors (including SaO2, RR body temperature, MAP, HR, CRP, ESR, AST, ALT, Bil, BUN, Cr, WBC, Lymph, LDH, Plt were evaluated on a regular basis for up to five days. The results were evaluated using t-test and SPSS21 software. After treatment, the sample (Bromelain) group indicated significant improvement in SaO2, RR, HR, AST, ALT, BUN, ESR, LDH, and WBC and Lymphocyte count (P<0.05). Other factors did not have a significant difference with the control group. Bromelain causes improvement in some clinical symptoms such as respiratory parameters and para clinical items of mild to moderate hospitalized COVID-19 patients, so it can be a promising treatment. Furthered evaluation of larger groups is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The severity of COVID-19 disease and its mortality may be due to a localized vascular problem owing to the activation of bradykinin B1 receptors on endothelial cells in the lungs that occur following inflammation. Bromelain acts as an anti-inflammatory factor and can lower the level of bradykinin in the serum and tissues. Patients with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) referred to Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran were included in the study after providing full explanations and obtaining written consent. The 40 patients with mild to moderate symptoms were randomly divided into the control group (No: 20) and sample (No: 20). In the sample group, a dose of 200 mg bromelain was given to patients every 8 hours. In the control group, placebo capsules were administered exactly at the above intervals. Clinical and paraclinical factors (including SaO2, RR body temperature, MAP, HR, CRP, ESR, AST, ALT, Bil, BUN, Cr, WBC, Lymph, LDH, Plt were evaluated on a regular basis for up to five days. The results were evaluated using t-test and SPSS21 software. After treatment, the sample (Bromelain) group indicated significant improvement in SaO2, RR, HR, AST, ALT, BUN, ESR, LDH, and WBC and Lymphocyte count (P

Respiration is an essential and primary mechanism for speech production. We first inhale and then produce speech while exhaling. When we run out of breath, we stop speaking and inhale. Though this process is involuntary, speech production involves a systematic outflow of air during exhalation characterized by linguistic content and prosodic factors of the utterance. Thus speech and respiration are closely related, and modeling this relationship makes sensing respiratory dynamics directly from the speech plausible, however is not well explored. In this article, we conduct a comprehensive study to explore techniques for sensing breathing signal and breathing parameters from speech using deep learning architectures and address the challenges involved in establishing the practical purpose of this technology. Estimating the breathing pattern from the speech would give us information about the respiratory parameters, thus enabling us to understand the respiratory health using one's speech. • Speech and Respiration relationship. • Estimating breathing signal and breathing parameters from speech is plausible. • Speech could be used as a pathological indicator for respiratory conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction: Respiratory disorders are common problems in farmers which have a high mortality rate in Yazd city. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare respiratory parameters as well as the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in three age groups in farmers and non-farmers. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 300 farmers and 300 non-farmers in Yazd. Questionnaires including cognitive knowledge and symptoms of respiratory diseases were completed for all participants and lung function tests were also performed. Data were analyzed using T-student, Chi square test or Fisher's exact test. Results: Spirometric results showed a significant reduction in respiratory capacity in the farmer group compared to non-farmer. In all three age groups, the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in farmers were higher than non-farmer groups and as the age increased, the prevalence of symptoms also increased. In the age group over 55, the risk of cough, phlegm, dyspnea and wheezing were 17,10/ 78,3/58 and 6/61 times more than non-farmers respectively which were statistically significant at 95% confidence interval P value < (0.05). Among the symptoms of respiratory, cough had the highest and shortness of breath had the lowest prevalence. Discussion and conclusion: Regarding the prevention of high prevalence of respiratory disorders in farmers, the mechanization of agricultural practices, the promotion of health awareness of farmers by health professionals, appropriate implementation of training programs by the health department and assistance of Jihad-e-Agriculture are necessary

Aims and objectives: To investigate the effect of reverse Trendelenburg position versus semi‐recumbent position on respiratory parameters of obese critically ill patients. Background: Reverse Trendelenburg position is recommended for obese patients; however, the effect among critically ill patients, especially those on mechanical ventilation, has limited study. Design: Randomised, controlled pretest, repeated post‐test trial with two parallel groups. Methods: The study started from 13 January 2020–12 March 2020. Adult critically ill patients with a body mass index ≥30 were randomly assigned by computer‐generated randomisation to either reverse Trendelenburg position group (intervention) or semi‐recumbent position group (active comparator control). Outcome measures were ventilation parameters (dynamic compliance, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide and minute volume) and oxygenation parameters (hypoxaemic index and partial pressure of arterial oxygen). Measures were assessed immediately before positioning and after positioning in 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes. CONSORT checklist was used to report the current study. Settings: Four general intensive care units. Results: One hundred and ten patients (55 patients in each group) completed the study. The reverse Trendelenburg position group had a higher improvement than the semi‐recumbent position group as estimated by mean differences in their dynamic compliance, minute volume, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, partial pressure of oxygen and hypoxaemic index. Conclusion: Reverse Trendelenburg position improves obese patients' respiratory parameters more than semi‐recumbent position. Relevance to clinical practice: This study directs nurses to use the reverse Trendelenburg position, which is an important position for enhancing the parameters of ventilation and oxygenation of obese mechanically ventilated patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Generally highlanders show altitudinal stresses on biological traits than their lowland counterparts. This study examines lung functions and their correlations with height, weight and body surface area in two Monpas groups namely, the Dirang and Tawang Monpas residing in low and high altitude area of Arunachal Pradesh. Methods: Anthropometric measurements were taken and lung functions tests were conducted among the adults aged 18-55 years. Results: Tawang Monpas are taller than Dirang Monpas, while Dirang Monpas are heavier than Tawang Mnpas. Values of lung function tests are higher in Dirang males than Tawang males. But in females no such trend emerges. In contrary to other Indian studies lung function values are more related to stature than body weight in these populations. Interpretation and Conclusion: Pearson coefficient of correlation ('r') between anthropometric and respiratory parameters shows statistically significant association in 3 cases (out of 24 cases) in Dirang Monpas and in 13 cases (out of 24 cases) in Tawang Monpas. This is indicative of altitudinal stresses on biological traits in highlander Tawang Monpas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The respiratory system plays a crucial role in delivering oxygen to the cells of our body. The cells of our body require a continuous supply of oxygen, without this oxygen we would die within minutes. All of this breathing couldn't happen without help from the respiratory system. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of Incentive Spirometry on respiratory parameters among patients with Chest Tube drainage. A pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test design was carried out by using purposive sampling technique and it was conducted on 30 patients with chest tube drainage in ICUs of a tertiary care hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab. Data was collected by self-report for demographic variables, clinical profile sheet and assessed the respiratory parameters by using Respiratory Distress Observation Scale (DOS). The Mean±SD of heart rate in pre-test (O1) was 1.43±0.50 which got decreased to 0.36±0.49 in post-test (O4) with statistically significant at p = 0.000. In pre-test Mean±SD of respiratory rate was 1.30±0.46 and got decreased to 0.30 ± 0.46 during post-test. The Mean±SD of restlessness was 1.23±0.81 in pre-test whereas in post-test it was decreased to 0.23±0.43. The study conclude that Almost all subjects were having respiratory distress during pre-test but after using incentive spirometry in chest tube drainage patients, the parameters were improved daily gradually and during post-test only 26.6% patients were having respiratory distress. The results were highly significant at p<0.05. The incentive spirometry is effective for improving respiratory parameters among chest tube drainage patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess association of Body mass index (BMI) on respiratory parameters by performing spirometry in apparently healthy adults living in the district Jamshoro and Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Physiology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro, Pakistan from January to September 2015. A total of 180 underweight, normal, overweight and obese participants, aged between 18 to 40 years were included in the study. BMI was calculated by measuring weight and height by BMI scale (RGZ-160) in standing position. Pulmonary parameters were determined by spirometry on Power lab (AD instruments). Pulmonary parameters were compared between subjects in different categories of BMI. Results: Mean age of participants was 21.83±5.88 years and the mean BMI was 25.10±6.55 kg/m2. The study results revealed that except for FVC, which was not statistically significant (p=0.45) all other respiratory parameters were significantly different (p≤0.05) in all BMI categories. Mean FEV1/FVC ratio (93.1 vs. 90.3, 86.4 and 86.6 respectively) was highest among underweight as compared to overweight, obese and normal weight individuals. The mean VT was 1.22 vs. 0.90, 1.01 and 0.84 respectively, IRV was 1.04 vs. 1.18, 1.23 and 1.20 respectively, IC was 2.26 vs. 2.08, 2.25 and 2.05 respectively, VC was 2.63 vs. 2.42, 2.54 and 2.54 respectively, TLC was 2.98 vs. 3.03 vs. 3.18 and 3.17 respectively among underweight, overweight, obese and normal weight participants. Conclusion: We found a significant association between body mass index and pulmonary function parameters. Obesity causes detrimental effects on respiratory system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the current evidence with regard to the effects of body weight–supported treadmill training (BWSTT) on cardiovascular and pulmonary function in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) with a focus on outcomes of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and respiratory parameters. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted through MEDLINE/PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database. Clinical trials involving adults with SCI and focusing on the effects of BWSTT on HR, BP, and respiratory measurements were included. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Downs and Black scale. The level of evidence of each study was identified using the Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Evidence system. Results: Nine studies that met inclusion criteria were evaluated and included in this review. Overall, the quality index of all included studies was low. All studies scored less than 21 out of 28 on the Downs and Black scale. The level of evidence varied from level 2 to level 4. Level 4 evidence supports the use of BWSTT to decrease resting and exercise HR and improve heart rate variability. The use of BWSTT to improve respiratory parameters after SCI is supported by one study with level 2 evidence. The evidence that supports the use of BWSTT to improve resting BP is inconclusive. Conclusion: There has been low to moderate evidence to support the use of BWSTT in individuals with SCI to improve cardiovascular and pulmonary health. Future randomized controlled trials are needed to investigate the effect of BWSTT on cardiovascular and pulmonary function in people with SCI and compare BWSTT to other physical rehabilitation interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Variants of individual filter samplers and various ways of controlling the speed of the air passing through the filter under different conditions of samplers’ application are considered. Prerequisites for improving reliability of the results obtained, as well as conditions of the samplers’ optimization and application have been analyzed. Pros and cons of their speed control were pointed out. Emphasis is made as to the importance and adequacy of the respiratory signals or their imitation as

Introduction: “Silver Yoga” program has been devised by Centre for Yoga Therapy, Education and Research (CYTER) of Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry. Participants practiced the protocol that was specially designed for senior citizens, keeping in mind their health status and physical limitations. Aim: The present study was planned to evaluate possible changes in lung functioning assessed through Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) in senior citizens following 12 weeks of an integrated Silver Yoga programme. Materials and Methods: In this comparative pre-post study, 40 elderly women inmates of the hospice were randomised into two groups of 20 each. Yoga group (Group A) received training in the integrated Silver Yoga programme while control group (Group B) did not receive any yoga training. Both the groups however participated in all the routine activities of the Hospice. Anthropometric data, respiratory rate and lung function parameters were recorded before and after the 12-week study period. Intra-group and inter-group comparisons of pre and post study data were done using Student’s paired and unpaired t-test respectively. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered to indicate significant differences between means. Results: After the 12 weeks of Silver Yoga, both weight and BMI showed significant reduction (p

The use of graduated compression stockings (GCS) in sport has been increasing in the last years due to their potential positive effects for athletes. However, there is little evidence to support whether these types of garments actually improve cardiorespiratory performance. The aim of this study was to examine the cardiorespiratory responses of GCS during running after three weeks of regular use. Twenty recreational runners performed three tests on different days: test 1) – a 5-min maximal effort run in order to determine the participants’ maximal aerobic speed; and tests 2) and 3) – a fatigue running test of 30 minutes at 80% of their maximal aerobic speed with either GCS or PLACEBO stockings at random. Cardiorespiratory parameters (minute ventilation, heart rate, relative oxygen consumption, relative carbon dioxide production, ventilatory equivalents for oxygen and carbon dioxide, and oxygen pulse) were measured. Before each test in the laboratory, the participants trained with the randomly assigned stockings (GCS or PLACEBO) for three weeks. No significant differences between GCS and PLACEBO were found in any of the cardiorespiratory parameters. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that running with GCS for three weeks does not influence cardiorespiratory parameters in recreational runners.

Objective:The aim of this study was to compare the respiratory parameters of physically disabled and healthy children.Methods:The study included 25 children. Of these children, 13 were physically disabled and 12 were healthy children. The BTL-08 spirometry device was used for measuring the respiratory values of the children. The gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) and manual ability classification system (MACS) levels were determined.Results:A statistically significant difference was found between the respiratory parameters of physically disabled and healthy children in relation to the restrictive patterns (p

Objective . Respiration is one of the critical vital signs of human health status, and accurate respiratory monitoring has important clinical significance. There is substantial evidence that alterations in key respiratory parameters can be used to determine a patient's health status, aid in the selection of appropriate treatments, predict potentially serious clinical events and control respiratory activity. Although various approaches have been developed for respiration monitoring, no definitive conclusions have been drawn regarding the accuracy of these approaches because each has different advantages and limitations. In the present study, we evaluated the performance of three non-invasive respiratory measurement approaches, including transthoracic impedance (IMP), surface diaphragm electromyography-derived respiration (EMGDR) and electrocardiogram-derived respiration (ECGDR), and compared them with the direct measurement of airflow (FLW) in 33 male and 38 female healthy subjects in the resting state. Approach . The accuracy of six key respiratory parameters, including onset of inspiration ( I on ), onset of expiration ( E on ), inspiratory time ( I t ), expiratory time ( E t ), respiratory rate ( RR ) and inspiratory-expiratory ratio ( I:E ), measured from the IMP, EMGDR and ECGDR, were compared with those annotated from the reference FLW. Main results . The correlation coefficients between the estimated inspiratory volume and reference value were 0.72 ± 0.20 for IMP, 0.62 ± 0.23 for EMGDR and 0.46 ± 0.21 for ECGDR ( p < 0.01 among groups). The positive predictive value and sensitivity for respiration detection were 100% and 100%, respectively, for IMP, which were significantly higher than those of the EMGDR (97.2% and 95.5%, p < 0.001) and the ECGDR (96.9% and 90.0%, p < 0.001). Additionally, the mean error (ME) for I on , E on , I t , E t and RR detection were markedly lower for IMP than for EMGDR and ECGDR ( p < 0.001). Significance . Compared with EMGDR and ECGDR, the IMP signal had a higher positive predictive value, higher sensitivity and lower ME for respiratory parameter detection. This suggests that IMP is more suitable for dedicated respiratory monitoring and parameter evaluation., (© 2023 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine.)

Introduction: “Silver Yoga” program has been devised by Centre for Yoga Therapy, Education and Research (CYTER) of Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry. Participants practiced the protocol that was specially designed for senior citizens, keeping in mind their health status and physical limitations. Aim: The present study was planned to evaluate possible changes in lung functioning assessed through Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) in senior citizens following 12 weeks of an integrated Silver Yoga programme. Materials and Methods: In this comparative pre-post study, 40 elderly women inmates of the hospice were randomised into two groups of 20 each. Yoga group (Group A) received training in the integrated Silver Yoga programme while control group (Group B) did not receive any yoga training. Both the groups however participated in all the routine activities of the Hospice. Anthropometric data, respiratory rate and lung function parameters were recorded before and after the 12-week study period. Intra-group and inter-group comparisons of pre and post study data were done using Student’s paired and unpaired t-test respectively. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered to indicate significant differences between means. Results: After the 12 weeks of Silver Yoga, both weight and BMI showed significant reduction (p<0.05) in Group A, whereas there was an insignificant increase in Group B. Lung function tests such as FVC, FEV1, PEFR, and FIVC increased significantly (p<0.05) after yoga training, whereas FVC decreased significantly (p<0.05) in the Group B. Group A showed significant decrease in both Respiratory Rate (RR) (p<0.01) and Lung Age (p<0.001) while FEF25-75 increased significantly in both groups. Conclusion: Results of this pilot study give preliminary evidence that incorporation of Yoga as part of senior’s lifestyle can help in promoting health thereby, modifying age related disorders. It is however, limited by the smaller sample size, also limited to a single centre. Further multi-centric studies with larger populations can deepen understanding of intrinsic mechanisms by which these changes are occurring in Silver Yoga. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects respiratory functioning and psychosocial factors. However, little is known about perceived ability of people with COPD to engage in a regular exercise program. This study assessed respiratory parameters, exercise capacity, psychosocial factors and their relations in people with COPD. Methods This cross-sectional study involved patients with COPD recruited from a Nigerian university teaching hospital. Respiratory parameters including forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV 1 ) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were assessed by using a spirometer and FEV 1 /FVC ratio was calculated. Participants were sitting upright in a comfortable chair and wearing a nose clip for measurements. The procedure was performed in accordance with the American Thoracic Society criteria. Exercise capacity was assessed by the 6-min walk test (6MWT). Gait speed was assessed by the distance covered in 6 min. Perceived exercise self-efficacy (PESE) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed by exercise self-efficacy and Borg scales, respectively. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Alpha level was set at P < 0.05. Results The mean age of the 125 participants was 62.0 ± 7.1 years (60% male). The mean values for FEV 1 , FVC and FEV 1 /FVC were 1.8 ± 0.6 L, 2.4 ± 0.5 L and 58.0 ± 8.8%, respectively, and the mean 6MWT and PESE values were 291.1 ± 41.6 m 63.1 ± 11.2%. Exercise capacity was correlated with mean values for the respiratory parameters FEV 1 ( r = 0.29; P = 0.035), FVC ( r = 0.32; P = 0.045) and FEV 1 /FVC ratio ( r = 0.37; P = 0.007), and both exercise capacity and PESE were correlated with gait speed ( r = 0.96, P = 0.001 and r = 0.57; P = 0.042) and RPE ( r = 0.42, P = 0.050 and r = −0.44; P = 0.032), but PESE was not correlated with respiratory parameter values ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Participants with COPD demonstrated reduced respiratory parameter values and low exercise capacity but moderate PESE. We found significant correlations between exercise capacity and respiratory parameter values, but PESE was correlated with only gait speed and RPE. The study has implications for respiratory health promotion and exercise adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Blunt chest injury with multiple rib fractures can result in such complications as pneumonia, atelectasis, bronchiectasis, empyema thoracis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and prolonged Intensive Care Unit and hospital stay, with its concomitant mortality. These may be prevented or reduced by good analgesic therapy which is the subject of this study. Methods: This was a prospective study of effects of analgesia on changes in pulmonary functions of patients with traumatic multiple rib fractures resulting from blunt chest injury. Results: There were 64 adult patients who were studied with multiple rib fractures caused by blunt chest trauma. Of these patients, 54 (84.4%) were male and 10 (15.6%) were female. Motorcycle (popularly known as "okada") and tricycle (popularly known as keke napep) accidents significantly accounted for the majority of the multiple rib fractures, that is, in 50 (78.1%) of the patients. Before analgesic administration, no patient had a normal respiratory rate, but at 1 h following the administration of analgesic, 21 (32.8%) of patients recorded normal respiratory rates and there was a significant reduction in the number (10.9% vs. 39.1%) of patients with respiratory rates >30 breaths/min. Before commencement of analgesic, no patient recorded up to 99% of oxygen saturation (SpO2) as measured by pulse oximeter, while 43.8% recorded SpO2 of 96%. This improved after 1 h of administration of analgesics to SpO2 of 100% in 18.8% of patients and 99% in 31.3% of patients and none recording SpO2 of < 97% (P = 0.006). Before analgesia, no patient was able to achieve peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) value >100% of predicted while only 9 (14.1%) patients were able to achieve a PEFR value in the range of 91%-100% of predicted value. One hour after analgesia, a total of 6 (9.4%) patients were able to achieve PEFR values >100% predicted, while 35 (54.7%) patients achieved PEFR values in the range of 91%-100% predicted. Conclusion: Adequate analgesia is capable of reversing the negative effects of chest pain of traumatic multiple rib fractures on pulmonary function parameters through improvement in respiratory mechanics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]