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3. Social connections and social identity as a basis for learning and support: Experiences of medical students with minoritised and non‐minoritised ethnic identities.

Author

Bull, Stephanie, Terry, Rohini, Rice, Neil, Carrieri, Daniele, Tarrant, Mark, and Curnow, Gerens

Subjects
ETHNIC groups, CURRICULUM, GROUP identity, MEDICAL education, RESEARCH funding, INTERVIEWING, AFFINITY groups, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, CHI-squared test, ATTITUDE (Psychology), ACADEMIC achievement, RESEARCH methodology, PSYCHOLOGY of medical students, SOCIAL support, MINORITIES, PSYCHOSOCIAL factors, WELL-being
Abstract

Background: Social connections between medical students provide a key basis for learning and support. These connections, and associated social identity, may be patterned by ethnicity, and students often perform similarly academically to those they connect with. The mechanisms that underpin the formation of these connections and the role that they play are not fully understood. This study explored how medical students connect with each other, and the potential impact of this on their academic attainment and well‐being, with a focus on students with minoritised ethnic identities. Methods: A mixed methods study combining (1) a survey to establish the number and strength of connections formed by Years 1 and 2 medical students with both minoritised and non‐minoritised ethnicities and (2) semi‐structured interviews to understand how connections were formed, whether this was shaped by ethnicity and the role of connections in supporting students with their learning and well‐being. Results: One hundred fifty‐one students (15.5% response rate) completed the survey. Students connected regularly with three to four peers with the goal of supporting learning and 71.9% of students reported a sense of social identification with this group. There was no statistical difference between ethnically minoritised and White students on either of these measures (t = 0.1, p = 0.92, χ2 = 2.9, p = 0.56). Interviews with 19 students found that social connections were shaped by perceptions of their self‐identity and the need to find 'equilibrium' by forming relationships with compatible others. The education environment, including its ethnic diversity, impacted on the opportunities to make connections. Students who were ethnically minoritised reported encountering challenges, especially in the clinical environment, and described the burden of these for them. Discussion: Curriculum designers should consider the time and space that is afforded to student interaction during course development, as finding compatible others with whom students can socially connect is important to balancing well‐being with academic performance. Bull et al. analyze students' experiences to show that they seek individuals with whom they feel compatible to maintain 'equilibrium' and support both academic performance and wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. Ottawa 2020 consensus statements for programmatic assessment – 2. Implementation and practice

Author

Torre, Dario, primary, Rice, Neil E., additional, Ryan, Anna, additional, Bok, Harold, additional, Dawson, Luke J., additional, Bierer, Beth, additional, Wilkinson, Tim J., additional, Tait, Glendon R., additional, Laughlin, Tom, additional, Veerapen, Kiran, additional, Heeneman, Sylvia, additional, Freeman, Adrian, additional, and van der Vleuten, Cees, additional

Published
2021
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12. Common variation in the [beta]-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase 1 gene affects circulating levels of carotenoids: a genome-wide association study

Author

Ferrucci, Luigi, Perry, John R.B., Matteini, Amy, Perola, Markus, Tanaka, Toshiko, Silander, Kaisa, Rice, Neil, Melzer, David, Murray, Anna, Cluett, Christie, Fried, Linda P., Corsi, Anna-Maria, Cherubini, Antonio, Guralnik, Jack, Bandinelli, Stefania, Singleton, Andrew, Virtamo, Jarmo, Walston, Jeremy, Semba, Richard D., and Frayling, Timothy M.

Subjects
Antioxidants -- Health aspects, Carotenoids -- Research, Genetic variation -- Research, Human genome -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

A genome-wide association study is conducted for the identification of the novel common variants that are associated with the circulating carotenoid levels and known lipid variants associated with [alpha]-tocopherol levels. The common variation taking place in the [beta]-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase 1 gene is shown to affect the circulating levels of carotenoids.

Published
2009

22. The 9p21 Myocardial Infarction Risk Allele Increases Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease in Older People

Author

Cluett, Christie, primary, McDermott, Mary McGrae, additional, Guralnik, Jack, additional, Ferrucci, Luigi, additional, Bandinelli, Stefania, additional, Miljkovic, Iva, additional, Zmuda, Joseph M., additional, Li, Rongling, additional, Tranah, Greg, additional, Harris, Tamara, additional, Rice, Neil, additional, Henley, William, additional, Frayling, Timothy M., additional, Murray, Anna, additional, and Melzer, David, additional

Published
2009
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23. Common Variation in the β-Carotene 15,15′-Monooxygenase 1 Gene Affects Circulating Levels of Carotenoids: A Genome-wide Association Study

Author

Ferrucci, Luigi, primary, Perry, John R.B., additional, Matteini, Amy, additional, Perola, Markus, additional, Tanaka, Toshiko, additional, Silander, Kaisa, additional, Rice, Neil, additional, Melzer, David, additional, Murray, Anna, additional, Cluett, Christie, additional, Fried, Linda P., additional, Albanes, Demetrius, additional, Corsi, Anna-Maria, additional, Cherubini, Antonio, additional, Guralnik, Jack, additional, Bandinelli, Stefania, additional, Singleton, Andrew, additional, Virtamo, Jarmo, additional, Walston, Jeremy, additional, Semba, Richard D., additional, and Frayling, Timothy M., additional

Published
2009
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24. A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Protein Quantitative Trait Loci (pQTLs)

Author

Melzer, David, primary, Perry, John R. B., additional, Hernandez, Dena, additional, Corsi, Anna-Maria, additional, Stevens, Kara, additional, Rafferty, Ian, additional, Lauretani, Fulvio, additional, Murray, Anna, additional, Gibbs, J. Raphael, additional, Paolisso, Giuseppe, additional, Rafiq, Sajjad, additional, Simon-Sanchez, Javier, additional, Lango, Hana, additional, Scholz, Sonja, additional, Weedon, Michael N., additional, Arepalli, Sampath, additional, Rice, Neil, additional, Washecka, Nicole, additional, Hurst, Alison, additional, Britton, Angela, additional, Henley, William, additional, van de Leemput, Joyce, additional, Li, Rongling, additional, Newman, Anne B., additional, Tranah, Greg, additional, Harris, Tamara, additional, Panicker, Vijay, additional, Dayan, Colin, additional, Bennett, Amanda, additional, McCarthy, Mark I., additional, Ruokonen, Aimo, additional, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, additional, Guralnik, Jack, additional, Bandinelli, Stefania, additional, Frayling, Timothy M., additional, Singleton, Andrew, additional, and Ferrucci, Luigi, additional

Published
2008
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25. Native species vulnerability to introduced predators: testing an inducible defense and a refuge from predation

Author

Whitlow, W., Rice, Neil, and Sweeney, Christine

Abstract

To manage the impacts of biological invasions, it is important to determine the mechanisms responsible for the effects invasive species have on native populations. When predation by an invader is the mechanism causing declines in a native population, protecting the native species will involve elucidating the factors that affect native vulnerability. To examine those factors, this study measured how a native species responded to an introduced predator, and whether the native response could result in a refuge from predation. Predation by the green crab, Carcinus maenas, has contributed to the decline in numbers of native soft-shell clams, Mya arenaria, and efforts to eradicate crabs have proven futile. We tested how crab foraging affected clam burrowing, and how depth in the sediment affected clam survival. Clams responded to crab foraging by burrowing deeper in the sediment. Clams at shallow depths were more vulnerable to predation by crabs. Results suggest soft-shell clam burrowing is an inducible defense in response to green crab predation because burrowing deeper results in a potential refuge from predation by crabs. For restoring the native clam populations, tents could exclude crabs and protect clams, but when tents must be removed, exposing the clams to cues from foraging crabs should induce the clams to burrow deeper and decrease vulnerability. In general, by exposing potential native prey to cues from introduced predators, we can test how the natives respond, identify whether the response results in a potential refuge, and evaluate the risks to native species survival in invaded communities.

Published
2003
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